WO2023061981A1 - Procédé de production d'un hydrolysat - Google Patents
Procédé de production d'un hydrolysat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023061981A1 WO2023061981A1 PCT/EP2022/078191 EP2022078191W WO2023061981A1 WO 2023061981 A1 WO2023061981 A1 WO 2023061981A1 EP 2022078191 W EP2022078191 W EP 2022078191W WO 2023061981 A1 WO2023061981 A1 WO 2023061981A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fish scale
- enzyme composition
- hydrolysate
- protease
- process according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
- 102000035092 Neutral proteases Human genes 0.000 claims description 26
- 108091005507 Neutral proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims 3
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 101
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 71
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 32
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 23
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 17
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- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012064 sodium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHCBLTRDEYPMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-acetamido-1-n,3-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I BHCBLTRDEYPMFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000856 Lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004317 Lyases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000252067 Megalops atlanticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100036617 Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000036675 Myoglobin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062374 Myoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 108700020962 Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 102000005840 alpha-Galactosidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010030291 alpha-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010028144 alpha-Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016679 alpha-Glucosidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940092253 ovalbumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidized gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NCC(O)=O)CSSCC(C(=O)NCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 108010087558 pectate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010072638 pectinacetylesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 108020004410 pectinesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002351 pectolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229940066734 peptide hydrolases Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 108010048734 sclerotin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021335 sword fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000003601 transglutaminase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/001—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from waste materials, e.g. kitchen waste
- A23J1/002—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from waste materials, e.g. kitchen waste from animal waste materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/10—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from hair, feathers, horn, skins, leather, bones, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/04—Animal proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/30—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
- A23J3/32—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
- A23J3/34—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes
- A23J3/341—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents using enzymes of animal proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/98—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
- A61K8/987—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin of species other than mammals or birds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/10—General cosmetic use
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the fields of enzymology and industrial hydrolysate production. Particularly, the present invention relates to processes for producing hydrolysates. More particularly, the present invention relates to enzymes and their use in processes for producing hydrolysates.
- Fish scales constitute about 5% of the fish waste. They are known to be a rich source of valuable components including proteins such as gelatin, collagen and chitin which are important components in food and biomedical industries.
- An object of the invention is a process for producing fish scale hydrolysates by using enzymes. Optimization and improvement lie inter alia in the pretreatment as well as the enzymes used in the process.
- the invention relates to a process for producing a fish scale hydrolysate comprising the steps of (a) pretreating fish scale for 1 to 60 minutes at a temperature ranging from 80°C to 120°C and a pH ranging from 5 to 12 and (b) adding at least a first enzyme composition to the pretreated fish scale and incubating the obtained mixture for 1 to 5 hours at a temperature ranging from 40°C to 70°C to obtain the fish scale hydrolysate.
- the fish scale is removed from the fish.
- the removal of fish scale is called descaling.
- Descaling can be performed manually. However, large fish processing industries make use of descaling processes wherein automated fish descaling machinery is used.
- the fish scale can be derived from marine as well as freshwater fish. Examples include, but are not limited to, bonito, mackerel, drum, sea bass, tuna, swordfish, anchoveta, herring, shad, skipjack, yellowfin and pompano.
- the fish scale may be washed first with either processing, tap, distilled or de-ionised water to remove dusts, dirt and other unwanted particles.
- the fish scale is washed first with an alkaline solution and then with water to rinse.
- the fish scale is decalcified. Decalcification is done before pretreatment by washing the fish scale with acid and then with an alkaline solution.
- the pretreatment of the fish scale is done in a reactor.
- the pretreatment may also be done in two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or even more reactors.
- the term “reactor” is not limited to a single reactor but may mean multiple reactors.
- the pretreatment is done in a reactor having a volume of 0.5 - 200 m 3 , preferably of 1 - 100 m 3 .
- multiple reactors are used in the pretreatment of the processes as described herein, they may have the same volume, but also may have a different volume.
- the incubation of the obtained mixture of the first enzyme composition and pretreated fish scale is done in a reactor.
- the incubation may also be done in two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or even more reactors.
- the term “reactor” is not limited to a single reactor but may mean multiple reactors.
- the enzymatic incubation is done in a reactor having a volume of 0.5 - 200 m 3 , preferably of 1 - 100 m 3 .
- multiple reactors are used in the enzymatic incubation of the processes as described herein, they may have the same volume, but also may have a different volume.
- the pretreatment and the enzymatic incubation are performed in the same reactor(s). In another embodiment they are performed in separate reactors.
- pretreated fish scale is added to the reactor in which the enzymatic incubation takes place. This can be done batch-wise, fed-batch wise or continuously.
- the first enzyme composition is added to the reactor in which the enzymatic incubation takes place. This can be done batch-wise, fed-batch wise or continuously.
- the first enzyme composition comprises a protease.
- the first enzyme composition comprises at least one protease.
- the first enzyme composition may also comprise more than one protease, for example two, three, four, five, six or even more different proteases.
- the first enzyme composition may be an aqueous composition.
- protease as used herein is defined as an enzyme that hydrolyses peptide bonds. It includes any enzyme belonging to the EC 3.4 enzyme group (including each of the subclasses thereof). The EC number refers to Enzyme Nomenclature from NC-IUBMB which is regularly supplemented and updated. Proteases are also called peptidases, proteinases, peptide hydrolases or proteolytic enzymes. The term protease includes not only natural derived or wildtype proteases but also mutants, variants, fragments etc. thereof exhibiting protease activity, as well as synthetic proteases, such as shuffled proteases, and consensus proteases. Such genetically engineered proteases can be prepared by methods generally known in the art.
- the first enzyme composition comprises an alkaline protease and/or a neutral protease.
- the first enzyme composition may comprise an alkaline protease or the first enzyme composition may comprise a neutral protease or the first enzyme composition may comprise an alkaline protease and a neutral protease.
- the first enzyme composition may comprise more than one alkaline protease and/or more than one neutral protease.
- the alkaline proteases may differ from one another.
- the neutral proteases may differ from one another.
- neutral protease is intended to be an enzyme classified according to the Enzyme Commission number EC 3.4.24.28. Neutral proteases are active at neutral pH.
- alkaline protease is intended to be an enzyme classified according to the Enzyme Commission number EC 3.4.21 .62. Alkaline proteases are active at neutral to alkaline pH.
- At least a second enzyme composition is added to the pretreated fish scale.
- the second enzyme composition is added together with the first enzyme composition to the pretreated fish scale.
- the second enzyme composition is added to the pretretaed fish scale after the first enzyme composition has been added to the pretreated fish scale.
- the second enzyme composition may be an aqueous composition.
- the second enzyme composition is added during incubation.
- the second enzyme composition is added at least 1 minute, at least 2 minutes, at least 3 minutes, at least 4 minutes, at least 5 minutes, at least 6 minutes, at least 7 minutes, at least 8 minutes, at least 9 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 15 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 25 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 35 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 55 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 70 minutes, at least 80 minutes, at least 90 minutes, at least 100 minutes, at least 120 minutes, at least 150 minutes, at least 180 minutes, at least 210 minutes, at least 240 minutes, at least 270 minutes, after the start of the incubation.
- the second enzyme composition comprises a protease.
- the second enzyme composition comprises at least one protease.
- the second enzyme composition may also comprise more than one protease, for example two, three, four, five, six or even more different proteases.
- the second enzyme composition comprises an alkaline protease and/or a neutral protease.
- the second enzyme composition may comprise an alkaline protease or the second enzyme composition may comprise a neutral protease or the second enzyme composition may comprise an alkaline protease and a neutral protease.
- the second enzyme composition may comprise more than one alkaline protease and/or more than one neutral protease.
- the alkaline proteases may differ from one another.
- the neutral proteases may differ from one another.
- protease(s) in the first enzyme composition differ from the protease(s) in the second enzyme composition. In an embodiment the protease(s) in the first enzyme composition are the same as the protease(s) in the second enzyme composition.
- the first enzyme composition and/or the second enzyme composition comprises additional enzymes.
- additional enzymes can be selected from the group consisting of acetyl esterases, alpha-galactosidases, alpha-glucanases, alpha-glucosidases, aminopeptidases, amylases, arabinases, arabinofuranosidases, asparaginases, betagalactosidases, beta-glucosidases, carbohydrases, carbonic anhydrases, carboxypeptidases, catalases, cellulases, chitinases, chymosins, cutinases, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases, deoxyribonucleases, endoglucanases, epimerases, esterases, expansins, glucan lysases, glucoamylases, glucose oxidases, glucuronidases, glycosyl hydrolases, hem
- the pH during pretreatment is ranging from 5 to 12. In other words, the pH during pretreatment is in the range of 5 to 12. In an embodiment the pH during pretreatment is in the range of 6 to 11 . In an embodiment the pH during pretreatment is in the range of 7 to 11 .
- the temperature during pretreatment is ranging from 80°C to 120°C. In other words, the temperature during pretreatment is in the range of 80°C to 120°C. In an embodiment the temperature during pretreatment is in the range of 85°C to 115°C. In an embodiment the temperature during pretreatment is in the range of 90°C to 110°C. In an embodiment the temperature during pretreatment i: in the range of 95°C to 105°C
- the pretreatment is done for 1 to 60 minutes. In an embodiment pretreatment is done for
- pretreatment is done for 10 to 50 minutes. In an embodiment pretreatment is done for 15 to 45 minutes. In an embodiment pretreatment is done for 20 to 40 minutes.
- the temperature during incubation is ranging from 40°C to 70°C. In other words, the temperature during incubation is in the range of 40°C to 70°C. In an embodiment the temperature during incubation is in the range of 45°C to 65°C. In an embodiment the temperature during incubation is in the range of 50°C to 60°C. In an embodiment the temperature during incubation is in the range of 52°C to 58°C. In an embodiment the temperature during incubation is in the range of 54°C to 56°C.
- the incubation is done for 1 to 5 hours. In an embodiment incubation is done for 1 .5 to 4.5 hours. In an embodiment incubation is done for 2 to 4 hours.
- the first enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.1% to 2.0% (w/w pretreated fish scale (dry matter)). In an embodiment the first enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.2% to 1.8% (w/w pretreated fish scale (dry matter)). In an embodiment the first enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.3% to 1 .7% (w/w pretreated fish scale (dry matter)). In an embodiment the first enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.4% to 1 .6% (w/w pretreated fish scale (dry matter)).
- the second enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.1 % to 2.0% (w/w pretreated fish scale dry matter). In an embodiment the second enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.2% to 1 .8% (w/w pretreated fish scale dry matter). In an embodiment the second enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.3% to 1 .7% (w/w pretreated fish scale dry matter). In an embodiment the second enzyme composition is added at a dosage ranging from 0.4% to 1 .6% (w/w pretreated fish scale dry matter).
- the process as described herein further comprises adjusting the pH of the fish scale before pretreatment to a pH ranging from 7 to 11 . If needed, additional pH adjustment is done during pretreatment. In an embodiment pH adjustment is done by adding a hydroxide of an alkali metal and/or a hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal to the fish scale.
- the hydroxide of an alkali metal and/or the hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal are selected from the group consisting of aluminium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, caesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and any combination thereof.
- the hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
- the fish scale hydrolysate may be subjected to one or more purification steps using methods known in the art such as centrifugation, decantation, plate filtration, frame filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration.
- the fish scale hydrolysate and/or the specific compounds and/or fractions extracted from the fish scale hydrolysate may be dried. Drying can be done by means of known technologies such as spray drying, freeze drying and roller drum drying. Before drying, the fish scale hydrolysate and/or the specific compounds and/or fractions extracted from the fish scale hydrolysate may be concentrated.
- the present invention also relates to a fish scale hydrolysate obtainable by a process as described herein. All embodiments and features described above for the process for producing a fish scale hydrolysate also apply to the fish scale hydrolysate obtainable by a process as described herein.
- the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides.
- the term “peptides” as used herein means short chains of amino acids, typically comprising 2-50 amino acids. The amino acids in a peptide are connected to one another in a sequence by bonds called peptide bonds.
- the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides comprising a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 80% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 85% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower.
- At least 90% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 91 % of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 92% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 93% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower.
- At least 94% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 95% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 96% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 97% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower.
- At least 98% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment at least 99% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower. In an embodiment 100% of the peptides in the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprise a molecular weight of 5 kD or lower.
- molecular weight distribution analysis methods can be applied.
- the following molecular weight distribution analysis method is used.
- the sample is gellated, it is first heated to liquidize the gel. Liquid samples are kept at room temperature. After homogenization on a vortex stirrer (Scientific Industries G- 560E), approximately 50 mg of each sample is mixed with approximately 4950 pl 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer + 400 mM sodium chloride pH 6.4. The added buffer volume is adjusted to the sample weight to obtain a 100 times (w/v) dilution of each sample. The diluted samples are centrifuged for 15 minutes at 20000xg at room temperature (Eppendorf 5417C).
- Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) profiles are recorded using ultraviolet (UV) detection at 214 nm.
- Standards bovine serum albumin (Sigma P0914), ovalbumin (Bio-Rad 151 1901), equine myoglobin (Bio-Rad 1511901), [Glu]-fibrinopeptide B (Sigma F3261), glutathione oxidized (Sigma G4376), and glutathione reduced (G4251) are injected to calibrate the column and to assign molecular weight fractions of >50 kDa, 15-50 kDa, 5-15 kDa, 1 - 5 kDa and ⁇ 1 kDa. The peak areas of each molecular weight fraction of the hydrolyzate samples are exported and evaluated.
- a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides in range of 1 to 20% (w/w). In an embodiment a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides in range of 2 to 18% (w/w). In an embodiment a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides in range of 3 to 16% (w/w). In an embodiment a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides in range of 4 to 14% (w/w). In an embodiment a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides in range of 5 to 12% (w/w). In an embodiment a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises peptides in range of 6 to 10% (w/w).
- a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises a protease.
- a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein comprises at least one protease.
- the fish scale hydrolysate may also comprise more than one protease, for example two, three, four, five, six or even more different proteases. The one or more proteases in the fish scale hydrolysate are inactivated.
- the fish scale hydrolysate comprises an alkaline protease and/or a neutral protease.
- the fish scale hydrolysate may comprise an alkaline protease or the fish scale hydrolysate may comprise a neutral protease or the fish scale hydrolysate may comprise an alkaline protease and a neutral protease.
- the fish scale hydrolysate may comprise more than one alkaline protease and/or more than one neutral protease.
- the alkaline proteases may differ from one another.
- the neutral proteases may differ from one another.
- the fish scale hydrolysate as described herein may also comprise at least one compounds selected from the group consisting of collagen, fat, lecithin, sclerotin, vitamin, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, guanine, chitin, chitosan, mucopolysaccharides, calcium phosphate, magnesium, iron, zinc and calcium.
- the fish scale hydrolysate is a powder.
- the present invention also relates to a food, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical or biosorbent product comprising a fish scale hydrolysate as described herein. All embodiments and features described above for the process for producing a fish scale hydrolysate and/or all embodiments and features described above for the fish scale hydrolysate of the invention also apply to the food, feed, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical or biosorbent product as described herein.
- the vials were placed in a water bath and pretreated under the conditions as shown in Table 1 .
- the samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis.
- the vials were placed in ice or boiling water to quickly reach the appropriate temperatures for incubation.
- enzymes were added to the vials and incubated in a water bath during 3 hours under the conditions as shown in Table 2.
- the enzymes used were Sqzyme PS-KL, an alkaline protease (pH optimum 7-12 from Suntaq) and Maxipro NPU, a neutral protease (pH optimum 5-8 from DSM).
- the samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis.
- the vials were placed in ice water to quickly reach the incubation temperature of 55°C.
- enzymes were added to the vials and incubated in a water bath during 3 hours under the conditions as shown in Table 4.
- the enzymes used were Sqzyme PS-KL, an alkaline protease (pH optimum 7-12 from Suntaq) and Sqzyme PS-NL, a neutral protease (pH optimum 5.5-9 from Suntaq).
- the samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis.
- the vials were placed in ice water to quickly reach the incubation temperature of 50°C.
- enzymes were added to the vials and incubated in a water bath during 3 hours under the conditions as shown in Table 6.
- the enzymes used were Alcalase 2.4L, an alkaline protease (pH optimum 6-12 from Novozymes) and Maxipro NPU, a neutral protease (pH optimum 5-8 from DSM).
- Table 7 The data in Table 7 show that increasing the pH during pretreatment leads to higher extraction yields on total solids.
- Table 1 Pretreatment conditions during fish scale hydrolysate production process.
- Table 2 Temperatures and enzymes applied during enzymatic hydrolysis.
- Table 3 Brix value of samples.
- Table 4 Temperatures, pH and enzymes applied during enzymatic hydrolysis.
- Table 5 Brix value of samples. Table 6. Temperatures, pH and enzymes applied during fish scale hydrolysate production process.
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Abstract
La présente invention concerne un procédé de production d'un hydrolysat par utilisation d'enzymes.
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