WO2023061853A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer aufschäumbaren, bandförmigen presspulver-metallplatine mittels kaltwalzen sowie presspulver-metallplatine - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer aufschäumbaren, bandförmigen presspulver-metallplatine mittels kaltwalzen sowie presspulver-metallplatine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023061853A1 WO2023061853A1 PCT/EP2022/077843 EP2022077843W WO2023061853A1 WO 2023061853 A1 WO2023061853 A1 WO 2023061853A1 EP 2022077843 W EP2022077843 W EP 2022077843W WO 2023061853 A1 WO2023061853 A1 WO 2023061853A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- metal
- rollers
- pressed
- pressed powder
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 288
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBKMWFYVHYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Al].[Cu].[Zn] MUBKMWFYVHYZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009703 powder rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for producing a foamable, strip-shaped pressed-powder metal blank by means of cold rolling, and a pressed-powder metal blank that is manufactured using this method or this device.
- US 2004/0258553 A1 describes hot compacting by means of rollers at a temperature between 430 and 500° C. to produce the foamable workpiece.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing a foamable, strip-shaped, in particular elongated, pressed powder metal blank from a powder mixture containing at least one metal powder and one propellant powder, the metal powder containing a metal from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, iron, where that Contains blowing agent for foaming the pressed powder metal blank, in particular consists of a blowing agent, and wherein the powder mixture is cold-rolled between two rotating rollers to form the pressed powder metal blank.
- the solution according to the invention turns away from the above-mentioned common production methods in that it produces the pressed powder metal blank by means of cold rolling and not, as in the prior art, by hot compacting. This leads to lower energy consumption during production.
- the lower temperature during compaction of the powder prevents the blowing agent from outgassing, so that more blowing agent is available for later production of the foamed metal.
- the reactivity of the outgassing blowing agent is reduced due to the lower temperature, so that there is less risk of the properties of the metal of the metal powder changing as a result of reaction with the blowing agent. This allows a wider range of propellants to be used.
- the powder is not additionally heated during compaction, growth of the oxide layers of the grains is avoided. At the end of the cold rolling, more non-oxidized material is available without the need for compacting in an inert atmosphere.
- the propellant can contain at least one metal hydride, at least one carbonate, at least one hydrate and/or volatile substances.
- An example of a metal hydride that can be used as a blowing agent is titanium hydride, TiH2.
- a carbonate that can be used as a blowing agent are calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate.
- suitable hydrates are aluminum sulphate hydrate, alum and/or aluminum hydroxide. Easily volatile substances can be, for example, mercury compounds and/or powdered or powdered organic compounds.
- Zirconium hydride, ZrH2 can also be used as a blowing agent for a zinc-containing compacting powder.
- the powder mixture preferably contains between 0.2 and 4% by weight of propellant.
- the proportion of blowing agent can depend on the blowing agent and/or on the metal to be foamed and/or on the porosity to be achieved.
- a foam density of 0.5 to 0.8 g/cm 3 can be achieved with AISi10 as the metal powder if 0.7 to 0.9% by weight of TiH 2 is contained as a blowing agent in the pressed powder metal blank.
- a foam density of 1 g/cm 3 is desired, 0.3 to 0.5% by weight of blowing agent, for example TiH 2 or another blowing agent specified above, may be sufficient.
- TiH 2 0.5 to 0.9% by weight of TiH 2 , preferably 0.6 to 0.8% by weight of TiH 2 , can be used as blowing agent for the foaming of AlMgSiO.5 as metal powder.
- a blowing agent for the foaming of AlMgSiO.5 as metal powder.
- calcium carbonate as the blowing agent, larger amounts, for example at least 0.9% by weight of blowing agent, are required.
- the invention can be further improved by the following further developments, each of which is advantageous in itself and can be combined with one another as desired.
- At least 50% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, of the propellant in the pressed powder metal blank is surrounded by the metal powder. This ensures that the blowing agent foams the metal powder reliably and evenly.
- the powder mixture stands above the rollers.
- the powder mixture preferably stands directly on the roll surfaces, at least in sections.
- the rollers or roller surfaces carry the powder mixture. To this In this way, the rollers themselves can help transport the powder mixture into the gap between the rollers. The powder mixture is then cold-compacted in this gap to form the pressed powder metal plate.
- the pressed powder metal blank is moved or conveyed by the rollers in the direction of gravity.
- the conveying direction parallel to the direction of gravity contributes to a more uniform distribution of the powder mixture over the gap and prevents the powder structure that has just been compacted from taking on an uneven structure under the influence of gravity.
- the powder mixture supplied to the rollers is preferably not (pre)compacted, in particular immediately before the cold rolling, in order to reduce the energy consumption and to reduce the risk of unevenly compacted pressed powder metal blanks due to pressure fluctuations.
- the powder mixture is preferably conveyed into the gap between the rotating rollers solely by gravity and the rotating rollers. This leads to a very uniform structure in the pressed powder metal blank.
- Another measure to obtain a pressed powder metal blank that is as uniform as possible is to keep the height of the powder mixture constant over the rollers or over the gap. This can be done automatically, for example, by a control circuit that contains, in particular, a filling level sensor and a control device. For example, the height of the powder mixture above the rollers can be automatically kept constant within predetermined limits. If the powder level falls below a predetermined lower limit, the powder mixture is automatically replenished until the predetermined upper limit is reached. Alternatively, the powder mixture can also be fed in continuously in the amount in which the powder mixture is discharged through the gap in the form of the pressed powder metal blank.
- the powder mixture is not heated immediately before cold rolling.
- the only input of heat in the course of cold rolling occurs through the cold rolling itself.
- the temperature of the powder mixture is less than 150°C, more preferably less than 100°C. It is even more preferred if the powder mixture is cold-rolled at room temperature. This is the case, for example, when no heating takes place.
- the metal powder can be heat-treated, in particular before it is introduced into the powder mixture.
- the metal powder is preferably cooled before it is brought into contact with the blowing agent powder, but at least until immediately before rolling, in particular to room temperature.
- the rollers preferably exert a contact pressure of at least 100 MPa. Irrespective of this, the contact pressure should not exceed 650 MPa.
- the pressing powder metal board can be cooled.
- the cooling preferably takes place after leaving the gap between the rolling and before any cutting to length of the pressed powder metal blank. It is preferred that the pressed powder metal blank is cooled differently or with a different heat output transversely to the rolling direction, in particular in its width direction.
- the heat dissipation should be greater in a central area of the pressed powder metal blank than at the edges of the pressed powder metal blank. The greater heat dissipation in the middle of the metal plate leads to more even cooling across its cross section. As a result, stress cracks and deformations as a result of temperature gradients in the pressed powder metal blank can be avoided.
- Cooling of the pressed powder metal blank can take place immediately after leaving the rolls.
- a heat-insulated area is preferably provided between the rollers and the cooling system.
- the heat-insulated area can have heat insulation that reduces the heat dissipation from the pressed-powder metal blank.
- the thermally insulated area can be directly connected to the rollers.
- the heat-insulated area slightly reduces the cooling of the pressed powder metal board immediately after compaction, allowing the compacted material to settle a little before it is cooled. This reduces the risk of buckling and warping, especially in the edge area.
- the thermal insulation preferably surrounds the pressed powder metal blank transported past the thermal insulation on all sides, but at least on its flat sides.
- the thermal insulation can also cover only an edge area of the pressed powder metal blank transported past and, for example, cover the central area, or the central area of the pressed powder metal blank transported past is thermally less insulated than the edge area. This should lead to a more even distribution of heat across the cross-section of the pressed powder metal blank.
- At least one of the rolls, preferably both rolls, can be cooled during cold rolling.
- a cooling device can be provided which is designed to cool at least one of the rolls, preferably both rolls, during cold rolling.
- the cooling device can have an internal roll cooling system which extends into the interior of one or both rolls.
- the internal cooling of the rolls can have, for example, one or more cooling fluid lines which extend at least in sections into the interior of one of the two rolls or both rolls.
- the one or more cooling fluid lines can be designed to conduct a cooling fluid, for example a fluid containing water, oil or air, into and/or out of the interior of at least one roller.
- the cooling device can also have surface cooling.
- the surface cooling may include a fan device configured to direct a flow of cooling fluid, for example a gaseous, liquid or aerosol cooling fluid, onto the rolls.
- the cooling fluid directed at the rolls is air.
- the flow of cooling fluid may be directed to and/or along a surface of the rollers.
- the flow of cooling fluid can be generated by blowing out and/or sucking in.
- a suction device can be provided for suction.
- the cooling device can be designed to generate an air flow along the roller surface(s) by suction, which also removes fine dust in addition to heat.
- the narrowest point of the gap between the rollers is no wider than 5 mm, but in a further embodiment it cannot be wider than 4 mm. According to a further embodiment, the narrowest point between the rollers is at least 0.1 mm. In particular, the narrowest point of the gap can be between about 0.008 times and 0.12 times the roll diameter, preferably about 0.01 times the roll diameter.
- the diameter of the rollers can be between 50 mm and 500 mm, preferably between about 200 mm and 300 mm.
- the material thickness of the pressed powder metal blank is preferably at least 0.3 mm and at most about 6 mm. The material thickness is primarily determined by the width of the narrowest point of the gap.
- the maximum height of the powder mixture above the rollers is 400 mm. It can be at least 50 mm.
- the height of the powder mixture is preferably about 200 to 300 mm. In order to prevent the powder mixture from being drawn in evenly due to an excessively high powder level, the height of the powder mixture is automatically kept within a predetermined range, for example between 200 mm and 300 mm, during cold rolling.
- a feed angle which is measured from the center of one of the rollers and over which the powder mixture is in contact with the surface of the roller, is at most 35°.
- the feed angle is preferably at least 15°, more preferably at least 20°.
- the metal powder can consist of pure substances and/or alloys of such pure substances.
- the metal powder can result in a wrought aluminum alloy such as AIMg1Si.O5 and/or a cast aluminum alloy such as AISi12 and/or can consist of such an alloy.
- Main alloy components are preferably silicon and/or magnesium.
- the silicon content of the metal powder can be between 0% by weight and 15% by weight.
- the magnesium content of the metal powder can be between 0% by weight and 15% by weight.
- the metal powder can contain at least one metal from the group Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn with 0% by weight to 1% by weight.
- the metal powder can consist partly or entirely of recycled material.
- the recycled material can have:
- Non-foamed and/or foamed metal powder pressed blanks or parts thereof for example residues of metal powder pressed blanks that can no longer be used in production, such as leftovers from cuttings or breakage and/or
- the contact pressure of the rolls during cold rolling is preferably smaller for a wrought aluminum alloy than for a cast aluminum alloy.
- the contact pressure of the rollers is preferably below 400 MPa, preferably around 350 MPa ⁇ 20%, with a cast aluminum alloy preferably above 450 MPa, in particular around 500 MPa ⁇ 15%.
- the feed angle is preferably greater for cast aluminum alloy than for wrought aluminum alloy.
- the feed angle is around 20° for wrought aluminum alloy and between 20° and 25° for cast aluminum alloy.
- the density of the pressed powder metal blank is preferably between about 70% and about 99% of the density of the starting materials of the powder mixture in their mixing ratio present in the powder mixture.
- the density is preferably between about 95% and about 99% of the corresponding solid material.
- a peripheral speed of the rotating rolls can be between 0.1 m/min. and 6 m/min., preferably between about 1.4 and 5 m/min. At peripheral speeds of more than 1 m/min, the rolls are preferably cooled during cold rolling.
- the pressed powder metal blank has a width of between 20 cm and 50 cm.
- a coating such as tungsten carbide or diamond-like substances such as Diamor® and/or an applied separating agent such as boron mitrud, graphite or molybdenum sulfide can be applied to the rollers.
- an application device for the continuous application of a release agent, an application device can be provided which is designed to spray the release agent onto the surface of one or both rollers, wipe it off or apply it by means of contact wetting.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device for producing a foamable, band-shaped pressed powder metal blank from a powder mixture
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary illustration of a pressed powder metal blank
- FIG. 3 shows a sandwich panel with metal foam.
- a foamable, band-shaped pressed powder metal blank 2 is produced from a powder mixture 4 by means of cold rolling 6 .
- the powder mixture 4 contains at least one metal powder 8 and one propellant powder 10 .
- the powders 4 , 8 , 10 are transported through the device 1 along the arrows 11 .
- the metal powder 8 has metal powder grains 12 which contain at least one metal.
- the metal is, for example, a metal from the group of aluminum, copper, zinc, lead and iron.
- the metal is preferably provided in the form of a powdered metal alloy.
- the metal alloy can be a cast aluminum alloy such as AlSi 12 and/or a wrought aluminum alloy such as AlMg1Si.O5.
- the propellant powder 10 has propellant powder grains 14 which are suitable for foaming the metal or the metal alloy.
- the propellant powder 10 has a metal hydride, in particular TiH2, as the propellant.
- the propellant powder 10 can also contain a carbonate, for example calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate as the propellant; a hydrate such as aluminum sulfate hydrate, aluminum hydroxide, and/or alum; and/or another volatile substance such as a mercury compound and/or a powdered or pulverized organic substance may be used.
- the pressed powder metal blank 2 is used to produce a metal foam 16, for example a sandwich panel (Fig. 3), in which the metal foam 16 between two metal plates or sheets 17 is located.
- a metal foam 16 for example a sandwich panel (Fig. 3)
- the production of metal foams from pressed powder metal blanks is described, for example, in Hohlfeld, J., and Hipke, T.: Aluminum foam production, properties and applications, in: BHT 2016, ISBN 978-3-86012-530-4.
- the powder mixture 4 is pressed between two rotating rollers 18 without additional heating, preferably at room temperature, ie at about 16° C. to about 25° C., so that the pressed powder metal blank 2 is produced directly by this cold rolling process.
- the rollers 18 are aligned parallel to one another. Both rollers 18 are preferably driven.
- Cold rolling 6 is of course also possible in a larger temperature range, for example below 100°C.
- the press powder metal blank should not heat up over 120°C during cold rolling. In particular, neither the powder mixture 4 nor the pressed powder metal blank 2 heats up to more than 150° C. in the course of the cold rolling.
- a quantity of powder 19 of the powder mixture 4 is above the rollers 18.
- the powder mixture 4 is preferably conveyed into the gap 22 between the two rollers 18 exclusively by gravity 20 and the rotating rollers 18. In the gap 22, the direction of rotation 23 of the rollers 18 is in the direction of gravity 20. A heating of the powder mixture 4 standing above the rollers 18 or the amount of powder 19 does not take place.
- a powder reservoir 25 for example in the form of a container, can be arranged above the rollers 18 , the bottom of which is formed by the rollers 18 .
- the height 24 of the amount of powder 19 above the rollers 18, the gap 22 or the narrowest point 26 of the gap 22 is preferably kept constant within predetermined limits during the cold rolling 6, but at least approximately constant.
- the narrowest point 26 of the gap 22 has a gap width 27 which is preferably no wider than 10 mm, according to a further embodiment no wider than 5 mm. According to another embodiment, the gap width 27 is at least 1 mm. When starting up, the gap 22 is closed and is then opened to the desired gap width 27 .
- At least one of the rollers 18 can be moved towards or away from the other roller 18, as indicated by the arrow 28.
- the height 24 of the powder mixture above the rollers, in particular above the narrowest point 26, is at most 400 mm in one embodiment, and at least 100 mm in accordance with another embodiment. According to another embodiment, the height is set to about 200 mm regulated. Deviations of ⁇ 20% from a height 24 given as a target value are still to be regarded as constant.
- the device 1 can have a filling level sensor 29 which is connected to a control device 30, for example a computer.
- the control device 30 is connected to devices of the device 1 via at least one data transmission path 31, which is designed for wireless and/or wired, unidirectional and/or bidirectional transmission of data.
- a conveyor device 32 can be controlled by the control device 30 .
- the conveying device 32 is designed to convey the powder mixture 4 to the powder reservoir 25 .
- the control device 30 is designed to automatically keep the height of the powder mixture 4 constant, for example by setting a quantity 34 of powder mixture 4 conveyed from the conveying device 32 to the powder reservoir 25 per unit of time as a function of the height 24, in particular the current height 24.
- the quantity 34 conveyed into the powder reservoir by the conveying device 32 can simply be kept constant at a value which corresponds to the discharge of the powder mixture 4 from the powder reservoir 25 through the gap 22 .
- the metal powder 8 and the propellant powder 10 are mixed.
- the goal is to get the most even distribution of the two components in the powder mixture.
- the powder mixture 4 contains between 0.2 and 4 wt /or may depend on the metal to be foamed and/or the porosity to be achieved.
- the remainder is preferably metal powder 8, it also being possible for different metal powders to be mixed with one another.
- the metal powder 8 and/or the propellant powder 10 have each been mixed in order to ensure a uniform size distribution over the volume.
- the device 1 can have a mixer 36 for mixing 35 the metal powder 8 and the propellant powder 10 .
- the mixing time during which the metal powder 8 and the propellant powder 10 are mixed can be between 10 minutes and two hours, preferably around one hour.
- the mixer 36 is preferably also controlled by the control device 30 .
- the mixer 36 produces the powder mixture 4.
- a buffer container 38 in which the powder mixture 4 is temporarily stored can be present between the mixer 36 and the conveying device 32 .
- a further conveying device 40 can be present between the mixer 36 and the buffer container 38 , which conveys the powder mixture 4 from the mixer 36 into the buffer container 38 .
- the conveying device 32 is then designed to convey the powder mixture 4 from the buffer container 38 into the powder reservoir.
- the powder mixture 4 can also be conveyed directly from the mixer 36 to the rollers 18 without a buffer container 38 being provided.
- the conveying device 32 can be designed to convey the powder mixture 4 from the mixer 36 into the powder reservoir 25 .
- the device 1 can also have a metal powder container 42 and a propellant powder container 44 .
- the propellant powder 10 is stored separately from the metal powder 8 in the propellant powder container 44 .
- the metal powder 8 is stored separately from the propellant powder 10 in the metal powder container 42 .
- the metal powder 8 Before the cold rolling 6 and in particular before the mixing 35 with the propellant powder 10, the metal powder 8 can be heat-treated.
- a furnace 46 can be provided for the heat treatment 45 .
- the powder mixture 4 can also or additionally be heat-treated. However, since this can lead to outgassing of the propellant, for example hydrogen, this is not preferred.
- the heat treatment 45 can be, for example, an anneal.
- a device 47 for cooling can be present.
- cooling can also simply take place in still air or in the oven 46 .
- a heat treatment 45 is particularly advantageous in the case of a metal powder 8 containing or made of an aluminum alloy.
- the metal powder 8 can be heat-treated for at least three hours at a temperature of at least 400° C., but in particular below 577° C.
- the heat treatment 45 preferably takes place in an inert atmosphere in order to avoid oxide formation on the grains of the metal powder.
- the metal powder 8 is conveyed from the furnace 46 or the device 47 into the metal powder container 42 for cooling.
- a conveyor system 48 can pass through the furnace 46 and - if present - the device 47 and convey the metal powder 8 from a delivery container 49 to the metal powder container 42 . If no heat treatment 45 is provided, the delivery container 49, the conveyor system 48, the furnace 46 and the device 47 can of course be omitted.
- the device 1 can have a further mixer 50 which is arranged after the furnace 46 or the device 47 and before the metal powder container 42 . The mixer 50 serves to mix the heat-treated metal powder 8 .
- the rollers 18 may be part of a vertical powder rolling cold rolling machine 51 used for manufacturing the foamable band-shaped pressed powder metal blank 2 .
- a cooling device 52 for example a blower device 54, can be provided for this purpose.
- the fan device 54 can also be used for blowing off and/or for sucking off dust.
- the fan device 54 can be configured to direct a cooling air flow 55 onto the pressed powder metal blank 2 during cold rolling.
- the cooling device 52 can cool one or both rollers 18, for example by directing a cooling air jet 55a onto the rollers 18 or onto or along their surface 66 .
- the cooling device 52 can have a fan device 54a directed at one or both rollers 18 or their surface 66 .
- the cooling air jet 55a can also be used to blow away dust adhering to the rollers or their surfaces.
- a suction g Huawei 54b may be provided to suck up dust adhering to the surface 66.
- the cooling air jet 55a can be directed toward the suction device 54b if a suction device 54b is present.
- the cooling device 52 can also cool one or both rollers 18 from the inside.
- the cooling device 52 can have one or more fluid lines 54c which extend into the interior of the rolls 18 or are located inside the rolls and in which a cooling fluid flows.
- the cooling fluid can be gaseous, liquid or an aerosol and can carry away the heat transported by the cold rolling.
- the thermally insulated area 57 has thermal insulation 58 which extends along at least the flat sides of the pressed powder metal blank 2 and preferably encloses the pressed powder metal blank 2 transversely to the rolling direction 56 .
- the thermally insulated area 57 reduces the heat dissipation from the pressed powder metal blank 2 immediately after the pressing process, so that driven by the thermal energy from the pressing process, setting processes can take place.
- the length of the thermally insulated area 57 in the rolling direction 56 is dimensioned such that the pressed powder metal blank 2 does not heat up by more than 100° C. during operation, i.e. the difference between the temperature of the pressed powder metal blank 2 and the temperature of the powder quantity 19 no longer than 100 °C.
- the heat output generated by the cooling device 52 does not have to be constant transversely to the rolling direction 56, ie to the direction in which the pressed powder metal blank 2 is conveyed by the rollers 18.
- the heat dissipation i.e. the cooling of the pressed powder metal blank 2
- the heat dissipation can, for example be increased transversely to the rolling direction 56 in the direction from the edges 60 towards the middle region 59 . This allows the pressed powder metal board 2 to cool evenly.
- the contact pressure 62 of the rollers 18 is between 200 and 500 MPa in one embodiment, and between 250 and 400 MPa in another embodiment.
- the device 1 or the control device 30 is preferably designed to keep the contact pressure constant, with deviations of less than ⁇ 20% from a contact pressure indicated as a target value still being possible are to be regarded as constant contact pressure 62 .
- a feed angle 64 is at most 35° and/or at least 15°. According to a further embodiment, the feed angle can be around 20°.
- the feed angle 64 is measured from the center 68 of the rollers and is the angle through which the powder mixture 4 is in contact with the surface 66 of a roller 18 .
- the peripheral speed of the rotating rollers 18 is between 0.1 m/min and 6 m/min, preferably between 1.4 and 5.0 m/min. At peripheral speeds of more than 1 m/min, the rolls are preferably cooled during cold rolling.
- the pressed powder metal blank 2 can have a width 70 of between 5 cm and 50 cm.
- the width 70 is constant over a length 72 of the pressed powder metal blank extending in the rolling direction 56 .
- a deviation of ⁇ 10% from the width 70 in the direction of the length 72 can still be regarded as constant.
- the length 72 of a pressed powder metal blank is at least one meter.
- the length 72 is preferably several meters.
- the device 1 can have a cutting device 73, by means of which, in a cutting step 74, the pressed powder metal blank 2 emerging from the gap 22 is cut to length, preferably after cooling.
- a material thickness 75 of the pressed powder metal blank 2 can be greater than 0.3 mm and/or less than 10 mm.
- a foaming rate of the pressed powder metal blank is at least 4.7, preferably at least 5.
- the foaming rate denotes the quotient of the volume of the foamed pressed powder metal blank and the volume of the non-foamed pressed powder metal blank.
- TiH 2 was used as blowing agent and the proportion of TiH 2 in the powder mixture was about 0.8% by weight.
- the metal powder 8 was heat treated and, after heat treatment 45 and cooling, mixed for about an hour before being combined with the propellant powder 10.
- the metal powder 8 and the propellant powder 10 were mixed in the mixer 36 for at least one hour.
- the foaming rate and strip quality were determined to assess the quality of the pressed powder metal blanks produced with the respective test constellation. Both are entered in the table below. "o” denotes a foaming rate or sliver quality that is acceptable in practice, "+” a value that can be used well in practice and “++” a value that is excellent in practice.
- the foaming rate at this time was evaluated as follows. A foaming rate below 4.7 results in the value "o”, a foaming rate between 4.7 and 5.75 results in the value "+” and a foaming rate above 5.75 results in the value "++”.
- a tape quality of "++” indicates a pressed powder metal blank 2 that has no cracks and can be used completely for foaming.
- a strip quality of "+” denotes a pressed powder metal blank that has occasional cracks, but can still be used and handled as a starting material. However, impairment of use can occur, especially at the edge.
- a tape quality of "o” indicates a pressed powder metal blank 2 with many cracks, which can only be used to a limited extent for foaming.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2024004425A MX2024004425A (es) | 2021-10-11 | 2022-10-06 | Metodo y dispositivo para producir una pieza en bruto de lamina de metal en polvo prensado en forma de tira espumable mediante laminacion en frio y una pieza en bruto de lamina de metal en polvo prensado. |
EP22801056.7A EP4415902A1 (de) | 2021-10-11 | 2022-10-06 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer aufschäumbaren, bandförmigen presspulver-metallplatine mittels kaltwalzen sowie presspulver-metallplatine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102021126310.7A DE102021126310A1 (de) | 2021-10-11 | 2021-10-11 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer aufschäumbaren, bandförmigen Presspulver-Metallplatine mittels Kaltwalzen sowie Presspulver-Metallplatine |
DE102021126310.7 | 2021-10-11 |
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WO2023061853A1 true WO2023061853A1 (de) | 2023-04-20 |
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PCT/EP2022/077843 WO2023061853A1 (de) | 2021-10-11 | 2022-10-06 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen einer aufschäumbaren, bandförmigen presspulver-metallplatine mittels kaltwalzen sowie presspulver-metallplatine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP4415902A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021126310A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2024004425A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023061853A1 (de) |
Citations (11)
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US3087807A (en) | 1959-12-04 | 1963-04-30 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of making foamed metal |
US5151246A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1992-09-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Methods for manufacturing foamable metal bodies |
US5303485A (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1994-04-19 | L.A. Gear, Inc. | Footwear with flashing lights |
EP0884123A2 (de) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-16 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Schäumbare Metallkörper |
EP0997215A2 (de) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-03 | Schunk Sintermetalltechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Verbundwerkstoffs mit geschäumtem Kern |
US20040258553A1 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2004-12-23 | Litvintsey Alexander Ivanovich | Method for production of porous semi-products from aluminum alloy powders |
WO2007137681A1 (de) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Metallschäumverfahren |
WO2010127668A2 (de) | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh | Pulvermetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung von metallschaum |
JP2013072135A (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-22 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | シート状多孔体の製造方法 |
JP2016003362A (ja) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-01-12 | 株式会社Uacj | 多孔質金属板及びその製造方法 |
CN110614371A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-27 | 上海晶维材料科技有限公司 | 一种超大规格吸气板材的制备方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-10-11 DE DE102021126310.7A patent/DE102021126310A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-10-06 WO PCT/EP2022/077843 patent/WO2023061853A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-10-06 EP EP22801056.7A patent/EP4415902A1/de active Pending
- 2022-10-06 MX MX2024004425A patent/MX2024004425A/es unknown
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3087807A (en) | 1959-12-04 | 1963-04-30 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of making foamed metal |
US5151246A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1992-09-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Methods for manufacturing foamable metal bodies |
US5303485A (en) | 1993-02-05 | 1994-04-19 | L.A. Gear, Inc. | Footwear with flashing lights |
EP0884123A2 (de) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-16 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Schäumbare Metallkörper |
EP0997215A2 (de) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-03 | Schunk Sintermetalltechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Verbundwerkstoffs mit geschäumtem Kern |
US20040258553A1 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2004-12-23 | Litvintsey Alexander Ivanovich | Method for production of porous semi-products from aluminum alloy powders |
WO2007137681A1 (de) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Metallschäumverfahren |
WO2010127668A2 (de) | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh | Pulvermetallurgisches verfahren zur herstellung von metallschaum |
JP2013072135A (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-22 | Toho Titanium Co Ltd | シート状多孔体の製造方法 |
JP2016003362A (ja) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-01-12 | 株式会社Uacj | 多孔質金属板及びその製造方法 |
CN110614371A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-27 | 上海晶维材料科技有限公司 | 一种超大规格吸气板材的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4415902A1 (de) | 2024-08-21 |
DE102021126310A1 (de) | 2023-04-13 |
MX2024004425A (es) | 2024-07-09 |
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