WO2023051481A1 - 一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统 - Google Patents

一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023051481A1
WO2023051481A1 PCT/CN2022/121522 CN2022121522W WO2023051481A1 WO 2023051481 A1 WO2023051481 A1 WO 2023051481A1 CN 2022121522 W CN2022121522 W CN 2022121522W WO 2023051481 A1 WO2023051481 A1 WO 2023051481A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
key
voltage
lock cylinder
screen cabinet
cabinet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/121522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘斌
徐刚
张鑫
李先岭
徐兆堃
张涵
朱文明
李晶
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Application filed by 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 filed Critical 中车株洲电力机车有限公司
Publication of WO2023051481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023051481A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C17/00—Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C17/00—Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
    • B61C17/04—Arrangement or disposition of driving cabins, footplates or engine rooms; Ventilation thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B77/00—Vehicle locks characterised by special functions or purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B83/00—Vehicle locks specially adapted for particular types of wing or vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/26—Casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/30—Cabinet-type casings; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
    • H02B1/38—Hinged covers or doors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of interlocking control between various equipment of a locomotive, and in particular relates to a locomotive and mechanical time-delay safety interlocking system.
  • capacitor equipment is generally installed in the middle DC circuit. After the locomotive is powered off, the capacitor will have a continuous discharge time ranging from 5 to 8 minutes. Only after the capacitor is discharged can the electrical screen cabinet be discharged. The voltage level is reduced to below the safe operating voltage of the human body ( ⁇ 36V).
  • capacitive devices are installed in both the locomotive traction converter cabinet and the DC/DC cabinet.
  • the voltage in the cabinet is necessary to reduce the voltage in the cabinet to below the safe voltage (60V) within the specified time to ensure the safety of the operator.
  • the equipment cabinet that has not been discharged to a safe voltage is operated, it is easy to cause personal injury to the operator and cause a safety accident.
  • the existing safety interlock scheme needs to be equipped with a grounding switch, an interlock key box, etc., which increases the electrical and wiring workload and the complexity of on-site implementation; the operation steps of the interlock key box are cumbersome, and at least 4 keys are required to achieve safety. Interlocking function, and the interlocking key box occupies more available space of the locomotive, and the cost is higher.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a locomotive and mechanical time-delay safety interlock system to solve the operation safety problem caused by the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet installed with capacitive equipment not being discharged to the safe voltage range after the locomotive is powered off, and the existing interlock
  • the lock scheme has the problems of cumbersome operation steps, large space occupation and high cost.
  • a mechanical time-delay safety interlock system comprising:
  • the first lock cylinder and the second lock cylinder are connected to The first lock cylinder and the second lock cylinder;
  • the first key is fixedly connected with the locomotive power supply key, and the second key is fixedly connected with the door key of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet;
  • the second key can be pulled out from the second lock cylinder after the delay time ends.
  • the locomotive power supply key needs to be used when the locomotive is running normally, and the key A is fixedly connected with the locomotive power supply key. At this time, the key A is pulled out to use the locomotive power supply key to ensure the normal operation of the locomotive;
  • the first key is pulled out from the first lock cylinder or the second key is pulled out from the second lock cylinder (interlock logic function)
  • only one key can be pulled out for each operation, when the first key (key A ) is pulled out, the second key (key B) cannot be pulled out, and key B is fixedly connected to the door key of the high-voltage electrical panel cabinet, therefore, key B cannot be pulled out due to the interlock logic function when the locomotive is running normally, Then the high-voltage electric screen cabinet cannot be operated; when the locomotive is powered off, the locomotive power supply key can be pulled out, and the key A is inserted into the first lock cylinder.
  • the capacitor device can discharge continuously, reducing the voltage in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet to the safe operating voltage of the human body, ensuring the safety of the operator when operating the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, and preventing safety accidents.
  • the safety interlock system of the invention does not need to increase the workload of electrical wiring, and is easy to implement.
  • the safety interlock system is small in size, takes up little space, and low in cost. Only two keys are needed to realize the safety interlock function, and the operation is simple and safe.
  • the first key is welded with the locomotive power supply key
  • the second key is welded with the door key of the high-voltage electric screen cabinet.
  • the locomotive power supply key needs to be used when the locomotive is running normally, and the key A is connected with the locomotive power supply key. At this time, the key A is pulled out to use the locomotive power supply key to ensure the normal operation of the locomotive.
  • the lock cylinder is pulled out, the key B is fixedly connected with the door key of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet. Therefore, when the locomotive is in normal After power on, you can pull out the locomotive power supply key, insert key A into the first lock cylinder, and then pull out key B from the second lock cylinder after the delay time is over, because key B is connected to the door key of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet , After the key B is pulled out, it is convenient to use the door key to open the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet.
  • the high-voltage electrical panel is a traction converter panel and/or a DC/DC panel.
  • the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system of the present invention also includes a sensor for detecting the voltage of the capacitive equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, and an electronic lock arranged on the door of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet; the sensor, electronic The locks are all electrically connected to the controller; the electronic lock is used to prevent the door of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet from being opened when the voltage of the capacitor device in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage.
  • the present invention is equipped with an electronic lock.
  • the electronic lock cannot be opened, and the cabinet door is locked to prevent the cabinet door from being opened, further improving Operational safety to prevent safety accidents.
  • the judgment of whether the voltage of the capacitor equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage can run through the entire operation process (from the closing of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet to the whole process of opening the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet), once the capacitor in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet If the equipment voltage is greater than the safe operating voltage, the controller will send a lock command to the electronic lock, and the electronic lock cannot be opened, so the cabinet door cannot be opened.
  • the electronic lock is also used for unlocking when the voltage of the capacitive equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage.
  • the cabinet door can be opened as long as the cabinet door lock is opened; after the electronic lock is unlocked, the cabinet door still cannot be opened when the cabinet door lock is locked.
  • the electronic lock and the cabinet door lock cooperate with each other to ensure safe operation.
  • the capacitive equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet can continue to discharge, and the voltage in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet can be reduced to the safe operating voltage of the human body. Therefore, in the present invention, when the delay time is over, it can also be , or when the second key is pulled out from the second lock cylinder, it is judged whether the voltage of the capacitor device in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage, and if so, the electronic lock locks the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet door. This method can reduce the burden on the controller without continuous judgment. Only when the second key is pulled out from the second lock cylinder, it can be judged whether the voltage of the capacitor device in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage to ensure safe operation.
  • the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system of the present invention also includes an indicator light electrically connected to the controller; The first color is displayed when the voltage of the capacitive device is greater than the safe operating voltage, and the second color is displayed when the voltage of the capacitive device is less than or equal to the safe operating voltage.
  • the delay time is set to 8 minutes according to the discharge time of the capacitive equipment in the high-voltage electric screen cabinet.
  • the present invention also provides a locomotive, which includes the above-mentioned mechanical time-delay safety interlock system.
  • the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system is arranged in the driver's compartment.
  • the safety interlock between the power failure of the locomotive and the discharge of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet to the safe voltage range can be realized, preventing the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet from being discharged to the safe voltage range. It is opened to ensure the safety of the operator when operating the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet;
  • the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system of the present invention does not need to increase the workload of electrical wiring, and is easy to implement; the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system is small in size, occupies a small space, and has low cost. Only two keys are needed to realize safety interlocking. Lock function, simple operation, high security;
  • the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system of the present invention is equipped with an electronic lock, which further judges whether the voltage in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet exceeds the safe voltage range, and further ensures that the operator can operate the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet after the locomotive is powered off. security at the time;
  • the present invention can ensure that when the operator operates the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, the locomotive has been powered off and the capacitor equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet has been discharged to a safe voltage range.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of a kind of mechanical delay safety interlock system in the embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the fixed connection diagram of key A and locomotive power supply key in embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the fixed connection diagram of key B and cabinet door key in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a safety interlock control flow chart one in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the second flow chart of safety interlock control in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 1-mechanical delay safety equipment 11-key A, 12-key B, 2-locomotive power supply key, 3-cabinet door key.
  • the terms “first”, “second” and other similar words are not intended to imply any order, quantity and importance, but are only used to distinguish different elements.
  • the terms “a”, “an” and other similar words are not intended to mean that there is only one of the said things, but that the description is only for one of the said things, which may have one or more .
  • the terms “comprising”, “comprising” and other similar words are intended to indicate logical interrelationships, and cannot be regarded as denoting spatial structural relationships. For example, "A includes B” is intended to mean that B logically belongs to A, but not that B is spatially inside A.
  • a includes B means that B belongs to A, but B does not necessarily constitute the whole of A, and A may also include C, D, E and other elements.
  • Key A 11 is fixedly connected with the locomotive power supply key 2, as shown in Figure 2
  • key B 12 is fixedly connected with the cabinet door key 3 of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, as shown in Figure 3.
  • key A 11 is extracted from the first lock cylinder or key B 12 is extracted from the second lock cylinder during each operation, that is, after key A 11 is extracted from the first lock cylinder, key B 12 cannot be pulled out from the second lock cylinder; or when key B 12 is pulled out from the second lock cylinder, key A 11 cannot be pulled out from the first lock cylinder.
  • the second key can be pulled out from the second lock cylinder after the delay time is over. At this time, the cabinet door key fixedly connected with the second key can open the cabinet. door lock.
  • the delay time can be set according to the time required for the capacitor device to reduce the voltage in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet to below the safe operating voltage of the human body through discharge.
  • Key A 11 and key B 12 are respectively inserted in the first lock cylinder and the second lock cylinder, and key A 11 is fixedly connected with locomotive power supply key 2. Only by pulling out from the first lock cylinder can the locomotive power supply key 2 be inserted into the power supply key position of the driver's cab, and the locomotive runs normally. At this time, the key B 12 cannot be pulled out from the second lock cylinder, and the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet cannot be opened. Personnel cannot repair the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, and provide effective safety protection for the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet when the locomotive is not powered off.
  • the capacitive equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet continues to discharge, so that the voltage of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is reduced to below the safe operating voltage of the human body, and then the The cabinet door key 3 is inserted into the cabinet door lock cylinder to open the door of the high-voltage electric screen cabinet to maintain the high-voltage electric screen cabinet, thereby ensuring the safety of the operator when operating the high-voltage electric screen cabinet.
  • the safety interlock system 1 of this embodiment can realize the interlock control of power failure of the locomotive and discharge of the high-voltage electrical panel cabinet to below the safe operating voltage. Only the key A 11 and the key B 12 are used. The operation is simple and the safety is high. This ensures the operational safety when the locomotive is powered off, and also ensures the operational safety when the locomotive is not powered off. The safety interlock system 1 takes up little space and has low cost.
  • the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is a traction converter screen cabinet and/or a DC/DC screen cabinet.
  • Fixed connections include but are not limited to welding.
  • a voltage sensor is installed on the capacitive equipment of the high-voltage electric screen cabinet, and the voltage sensor is used to detect the voltage of the capacitive device; an electronic lock is installed on the door of the high-voltage electric screen cabinet; an indicator light is installed on the high-voltage electric screen cabinet; the voltage sensor , the electronic lock and the indicator light are all electrically connected to the controller; the controller is used to obtain the voltage of the capacitor device, and judge whether the voltage of the capacitor device is less than or equal to the safe operating voltage.
  • the door can be opened; otherwise, the control electronic lock is closed, and the indicator light is red, and the cabinet door is locked so that the cabinet door cannot be opened.
  • the electronic lock is unlocked, and the cabinet door lock of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet can be opened by the cabinet door key 3, and then the cabinet door can be opened.
  • the indicator light is green; when the voltage of the capacitor device is greater than the safe operating voltage, it means that the voltage has not dropped below the safe operating voltage, and the maintenance operation of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet cannot be performed.
  • the electronic lock is closed (that is, the electronic lock locks the cabinet door) , even if the cabinet door key 3 has opened the cabinet door lock, but because the electronic lock has locked the cabinet door, the cabinet door still cannot be opened at this time, and the indicator light indicates red.
  • the safety when operating the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is further guaranteed by the indicator light and the electronic lock.
  • the cabinet door lock is a mechanical lock provided on the high-voltage electrical cabinet that needs to be unlocked or locked with a key.
  • the working process of the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 The locomotive is powered off, and the locomotive power supply key 2 is pulled out.
  • Step 2 Insert the key A 11 fixedly connected with the locomotive power supply key 2 into the first lock cylinder on the mechanical time-delay safety device 1, and the key B 12 cannot be pulled out at this time.
  • Step 3 Start timing, and after the delay time is over, pull out the key B 12 from the second lock cylinder.
  • the capacitive device of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet will reduce the voltage level to below the safe operating voltage of the human body through continuous discharge.
  • the delay time is 8 minutes.
  • Step 4 Obtain the voltage of the capacitor equipment in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet.
  • the electronic lock locks the cabinet door, and the indicator light is the first color (for example, red); when the voltage of the capacitor equipment is less than or equal to the safe operation voltage
  • the electronic lock is unlocked (that is, the electronic lock will not lock the cabinet door), and the indicator light is the second color (such as green).
  • the indicator light set on the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet when the indicator light set on the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is green, it means that the voltage has dropped below the safe operating voltage for the human body, otherwise it means that the voltage has not dropped below the safe operating voltage for the human body, wait for the indicator light to turn green .
  • the indicator light When the voltage of the capacitor device is greater than the safe operating voltage, the indicator light is red, and the electronic lock locks the cabinet door, and the cabinet door cannot be opened even with the cabinet door key 3; when the voltage of the capacitor device is less than or equal to the safe operating voltage, the indicator light is green , and the electronic lock is unlocked, the cabinet door can be opened with the cabinet door key 3.
  • the electronic lock is used as the last barrier to ensure the safety of the operation, avoiding the safety problem of the operator operating the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet when the indicator light is red, even if the operator operates the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet when the indicator light is red, because The electronic lock is locked and the cabinet door cannot be opened, which ensures the safety of operation.
  • the indicator light can give the operator a more intuitive instruction.
  • the voltage of the capacitive device is detected according to the sampling period of the sensor, and the detection of the voltage of the capacitive device is real-time and continuous, so the acquisition of the voltage of the capacitive device and the judgment between the voltage of the capacitive device and the safe operating voltage are always in progress. It is not only carried out in step 4, that is, in step 4, the acquisition of the voltage of the capacitive device, the judgment of the voltage of the capacitive device and the safe operation voltage, and the control of the electronic lock and indicator light are not in sequence with steps 1-3.
  • the working process of the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system of this embodiment can refer to Figure 4, the acquisition of the capacitor device voltage and the judgment between the capacitor device voltage and the safe operation voltage, and the interlock process of the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system can be carried out simultaneously .
  • the cabinet door lock and the electronic lock when both the cabinet door lock and the electronic lock are opened (unlocked), the high-voltage electric screen cabinet door is allowed to be opened; otherwise, the high-voltage electric screen cabinet door cannot be opened.
  • whether the cabinet door lock and the electronic lock are allowed to be opened is judged in no particular order.
  • the cabinet door lock is allowed to be opened, the cabinet door lock can be opened by the cabinet door lock key.
  • the electronic lock is locked, the cabinet door cannot be opened.
  • the cabinet door If the electronic lock is in the unlocked state, the cabinet door can be opened.
  • the cabinet door lock when the electronic lock is in the unlocked state, if the cabinet door lock is locked, the cabinet door still cannot be opened, and if the cabinet door lock is opened, the cabinet door can be opened.
  • the controller can be arranged on the cabinet body of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, or can be installed near the cabinet body of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet.
  • FIG. 5 shows another working process of the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system of this embodiment.
  • the difference from the operation process in Figure 4 is that after the delay time is over, or after the second key is pulled out, and before the door lock of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is opened, the voltage value of the capacitor device and the safe operating voltage can be compared by the controller.
  • the voltage of the capacitive device is greater than the safe operating voltage, the electronic lock is locked and the cabinet door cannot be opened; when the voltage of the capacitive device is less than or equal to the safe operating voltage, the electronic lock is unlocked, and the cabinet can be opened after the key of the cabinet door is inserted into the lock cylinder. Door.
  • the delay time is set according to the time required for the capacitor device to discharge the voltage in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet below the safe operating voltage of the human body. It is safe to operate the cabinet door of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet, so after inserting the cabinet door key into the cabinet door lock cylinder, the cabinet door can be opened directly in theory. However, considering that the cabinet door is opened directly after the delay time is over, there may still be a situation where the voltage in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage due to some special reasons, resulting in a safety accident in the operation of the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet.
  • this embodiment will further judge, that is, when the voltage of the capacitor device in the high-voltage electrical screen cabinet is greater than the safe operating voltage, the electronic lock cannot be opened, and the cabinet door is locked to prevent The cabinet door is opened, which further improves the operation safety and prevents safety accidents.
  • the electronic lock is used as the last barrier to ensure the safety of the operation.
  • operation logic first judge whether the cabinet door lock can be opened, and then further judge whether the electronic lock can be opened after the cabinet door lock is allowed to open.
  • the cabinet door can only be opened when both the cabinet door lock and the electronic lock are on.
  • This embodiment provides a locomotive, in which the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is arranged, and the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system is arranged in the driver's cab.
  • the first lock cylinder and the second lock cylinder of the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system are arranged on the body of the safety interlock system 1, and the body is arranged in the driver's compartment, and can be arranged on the operating table of the driver's cab, which is convenient for the driver. operate.
  • the first lock cylinder and the second lock cylinder can be arranged side by side on the body, and can also be vertically arranged on the body, that is, the second lock cylinder is arranged below the first lock cylinder, or the first lock cylinder is arranged below the second lock cylinder , this embodiment does not limit the specific position of the lock cylinder.
  • Indicator lights, controllers and high-voltage electrical screen cabinets can all be set in the machine room to facilitate the connection between the indicator lights and the controller, as well as the connection between the controller and voltage sensors and electronic locks, reducing the wiring workload.
  • the indicator light can be directly set on the screen cabinet, and the installation position should be easy for the operator to check.
  • the implementation process of the safety interlock control of the high-voltage electrical panel cabinet by the mechanical time-delay safety interlock system refers to the above-mentioned embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统，包括第一锁芯、第二锁芯；与所述第一锁芯匹配的第一钥匙以及与所述第二锁芯匹配的第二钥匙；所述第一钥匙与机车供电钥匙固定连接，所述第二钥匙与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙固定连接，在每次操作时仅有第一钥匙从第一锁芯拔出或第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出；当第一钥匙插入第一锁芯时，在延时时间结束后第二钥匙才能从第二锁芯拔出。本发明中，利用延时时间使电容设备持续放电，将高压电气屏柜中的电压降低至人体安全操作电压，保证了操作人员对高压电气屏柜操作时的安全性。

Description

一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统 技术领域
本发明属于机车各设备之间的联锁控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统。
背景技术
机车配备的高压电气系统屏柜中，一般在中间直流回路会设置电容设备，在机车断电后，电容将有5～8分钟不等的持续放电时间，电容放电后才能将电气屏柜中的电压等级降低到人体安全操作电压以下(＜36V)。
例如，机车牵引变流器柜和DC/DC柜中均安装有电容设备。根据EN50153-2014第8.3.2条，如果屏柜内有电容放电元件，需要在规定时间内将机柜内的电压降至安全电压以下(60V)，才能保证操作人员的安全。一旦对未放电到安全电压的设备柜进行操作，很容易对操作人员构成人身伤害，造成安全事故。
现有的电压安全防护方案，多数未对具有电容设备的高压电气屏柜进行断电后的电压检测并进行有效安全防护。现有安全联锁方案需要配备接地开关，联锁钥匙盒等，增加了电气、布线工作量及现场实施的复杂度；其中联锁钥匙盒的操作步骤繁琐，至少需要4枚以上钥匙来实现安全联锁功能，且联锁钥匙盒占用较多机车可用空间，成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统，以解决机车断电后安装有电容设备的高压电气屏柜未放电至安全电压范围所造成的操作安全问题，以及现有联锁方案操作步骤繁琐、占用空间大、成本高的问题。
本发明是通过如下的技术方案来解决上述技术问题的：一种机械延时安全联锁系统，包括：
第一锁芯、第二锁芯；
与所述第一锁芯匹配的第一钥匙以及与所述第二锁芯匹配的第二钥匙；
所述第一钥匙与机车供电钥匙固定连接，所述第二钥匙与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙固定连接；
其中，
在每次操作时仅有第一钥匙从第一锁芯拔出或第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出；
当第一钥匙插入第一锁芯时，在延时时间结束后第二钥匙才能从第二锁芯拔出。
本发明中，当机车正常运行时需要用到机车供电钥匙，而钥匙A与机车供电钥匙固定连接，此时拔出钥匙A以便使用机车供电钥匙，保证机车正常运行；由于在每次操作时仅有第一钥匙从第一锁芯拔出或第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出(互锁逻辑功能)，每次操作有且仅有一枚钥匙能被拔出，当第一钥匙(钥匙A)被拔出时，第二钥匙(钥匙B)无法被拔出，钥匙B与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙固定连接，因此，在机车正常运行时由于互锁逻辑功能无法拔出钥匙B，进而无法对高压电气屏柜进行操作；当机车断电后，可以拔出机车供电钥匙，将钥匙A插入第一锁芯。由于需要在延时时间结束后才能将第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出，以便利用柜门钥匙开启高压电气屏柜，因此在机车断电后的延时时间内，高压电气屏柜内的电容设备可以持续放电，将高压电气屏柜中的电压降低至人体安全操作电压，保证了操作人员对高压电气屏柜操作时的安全性，防止造成安全事故。本发明的安全联锁系统无需增加电气布线工作量，易于实施。安全联锁系统体积较小，占用空间小，成本低，仅需要两枚钥匙即可实现安全联锁功能，操作简单，安全性高。
本发明中，所述第一钥匙与机车供电钥匙焊接，第二钥匙与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙焊接。
本发明中，当机车正常运行时需要用到机车供电钥匙，而钥匙A与机车供电钥匙连接，此时拔出钥匙A以便使用机车供电钥匙，保证机车正常运行，此时钥匙B无法从第二锁芯拔出，钥匙B与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙固定连接，因此，在机车正常运行时由于互锁逻辑功能无法拔出钥匙B，进而无法对高压电气屏柜进行操作；当机车断电后，可以拔出机车供电钥匙，将钥匙A插入第一锁芯，在延时时间结束后才能将钥匙B从第二锁芯拔出，由于钥匙B与高压电器屏柜的柜门钥匙连接，拔出钥匙B后，才便于利用柜门钥匙开启高压电气屏柜。
进一步地，所述高压电气屏柜为牵引变流器屏柜和/或DC/DC屏柜。
进一步地，本发明的机械延时安全联锁系统还包括用于检测高压电气屏柜内 电容设备电压的传感器、以及设置于所述高压电气屏柜柜门上的电子锁；所述传感器、电子锁均与控制器电连接；所述电子锁用于在高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时使高压电气屏柜柜门无法打开。
由于延时时间结束后直接打开柜门，可能依然存在高压电气屏柜内电压大于安全操作电压的情况，或者在机车运行过程中，可能需要检查高压电气屏柜内，此时需要判断高压电气屏柜内电压是否大于安全操作电压，因此本发明设置了电子锁，在高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时，电子锁无法打开，锁闭柜门，防止柜门被打开，进一步提高操作安全性，防止发生安全事故。
本发明中，高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压是否大于安全操作电压的判断可以贯穿于整个操作过程(从高压电气屏柜关闭到打开高压电气屏柜的整个过程)，一旦高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压，则控制器向电子锁发送关锁指令，电子锁无法打开，因此柜门无法打开。
本发明中，电子锁还用于在高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时解锁。电子锁解锁后，只要柜门锁打开，柜门即可打开；电子锁解锁后，柜门锁锁闭时，柜门依然无法打开。由此，电子锁和柜门锁相互配合，确保操作安全。
理论上，延时时间内，高压电气屏柜内的电容设备可以持续放电，高压电气屏柜中的电压可以降低至人体安全操作电压，因此，本发明中，也可以在当延时时间结束时，或者当第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出时，再判断高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压是否大于安全操作电压，若是，则电子锁锁闭高压电气屏柜柜门。这种方式可以减轻控制器的负担，无需持续进行判断，只在第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出时，判断高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压是否大于安全操作电压，确保操作安全。
进一步的，为便于操作人员查看是否可以对高压电气柜内设备进行相关操作，本发明的机械延时安全联锁系统还包括与所述控制器电连接的指示灯；所述指示灯用于在电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时显示第一颜色，在电容设备电压小于或等于安全操作电压时显示第二颜色。
本发明中，根据高压电气屏柜内电容设备放电所述时间，将所述延时时间设置为8min。
本发明还提供了一种机车，其包括上述机械延时安全联锁系统。
本发明中，机械延时安全联锁系统设置于司机室内。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、通过本发明的机械延时安全联锁系统，可实现机车断电与高压电气屏柜放电至安全电压范围时间内的安全联锁，防止高压电气屏柜在未放电至安全电压范围内时被打开，保证了操作人员对高压电气屏柜操作时的安全性；
2、本发明的机械延时安全联锁系统无需增加电气布线工作量，易于实施；机械延时安全联锁系统体积较小，占用空间小，成本低，仅需要两枚钥匙即可实现安全联锁功能，操作简单，安全性高；
3、本发明的机械延时安全联锁系统设置了电子锁，对高压电气屏柜内电压是否超过安全电压范围进行了进一步判断，进一步保证了操作人员在机车断电后对高压电气屏柜操作时的安全性；
4、本发明可以确保在操作人员对高压电气屏柜进行操作时，机车已经断电以及高压电气屏柜内电容设备已经放电至安全电压范围内。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一个实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1中一种机械延时安全联锁系统的结构框图；
图2是本发明实施例1中钥匙A与机车供电钥匙固定连接图；
图3是本发明实施例1中钥匙B与柜门钥匙固定连接图；
图4是本发明实施例1中安全联锁控制流程图一；
图5是本发明实施例1中安全联锁控制流程图二。
其中，1-机械延时安全设备，11-钥匙A，12-钥匙B，2-机车供电钥匙，3-柜门钥匙。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面以具体地实施例对本申请的技术方案进行详细说明。下面这几个具体的实施例可以相互结合，对于相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例不再赘述。
在本文中，术语“第一”、“第二”和其它类似词语并不意在暗示任何顺序、数量和重要性，而是仅仅用于对不同的元件进行区分。在本文中，术语“一”、“一个”和其它类似词语并不意在表示只存在一个所述事物，而是表示有关描述仅仅针对所述事物中的一个，所述事物可能具有一个或多个。在本文中，术语“包含”、“包括”和其它类似词语意在表示逻辑上的相互关系，而不能视作表示空间结构上的关系。例如，“A包括B”意在表示在逻辑上B属于A，而不表示在空间上B位于A的内部。另外，术语“包含”、“包括”和其它类似词语的含义应视为开放性的，而非封闭性的。例如，“A包括B”意在表示B属于A，但是B不一定构成A的全部，A还可能包括C、D、E等其它元素。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例所提供的一种机械延时安全联锁系统，包括第一锁芯、第二锁芯、与第一锁芯匹配的钥匙A 11(第一钥匙)以及与第二锁芯匹配的钥匙B 12(第二钥匙)。钥匙A 11与机车供电钥匙2固定连接，如图2所示，钥匙B 12与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙3固定连接，如图3所示。
本实施例中，在每次操作时仅有钥匙A 11从第一锁芯拔出或钥匙B 12从第二锁芯拔出，即当钥匙A 11从第一锁芯拔出后，钥匙B 12无法从第二锁芯拔出；或者当钥匙B 12从第二锁芯拔出后，钥匙A 11无法从第一锁芯拔出。
本实施例中，在第一钥匙插入第一锁芯后，待延时时间结束，第二钥匙才能从第二锁芯拔出，此时，与第二钥匙固定连接的柜门钥匙才能打开柜门锁。
本实施例中，延时时间可以根据电容设备通过放电将高压电气屏柜中电压降至人体安全操作电压以下所需时间来设置。
钥匙A 11和钥匙B 12分别插在第一锁芯和第二锁芯上，钥匙A 11与机车供电钥匙2固定连接，当机车正常运行需要用到机车供电钥匙2时，必须将钥匙A 11从第一锁芯上拔出，才能将机车供电钥匙2插入到司机室供电钥匙位置，机车正常运行，此时钥匙B 12无法从第二锁芯上拔出，无法开启高压电气屏柜，操作人员无法对高压电气屏柜进行维修，在机车未断电时对高压电气屏柜起到有效安全防护。机车断电后需要对高压电气屏柜进行维修时，拔出机车供电钥匙2，保证机车处于断电状态，才能将钥匙A 11插入第一锁芯，在延时时间结束后才 能将钥匙B 12从第二锁芯拔出，从机车断电到延时时间结束这段时间内，高压电气屏柜内的电容设备持续放电，使高压电气屏柜的电压降低至人体安全操作电压以下，再将柜门钥匙3插入柜门锁芯，开启高压电气屏柜柜门，对高压电气屏柜进行维修，保证了操作人员对高压电气屏柜操作时的安全性。
本实施例的安全联锁系统1可实现机车断电、高压电气屏柜放电至安全操作电压以下的联锁控制，仅用到钥匙A 11和钥匙B 12，操作简单，安全性高，既保证了机车断电时的操作安全性，也保证了机车未断电时的操作安全性。该安全联锁系统1占用空间小，成本低。
本实施例中，高压电气屏柜为牵引变流器屏柜和/或DC/DC屏柜。固定连接方式包括但不限于焊接。
本实施例中，在高压电气屏柜的电容设备上安装电压传感器，电压传感器用于检测电容设备电压；在高压电气屏柜柜门上安装电子锁；在高压电气屏柜上安装指示灯；电压传感器、电子锁以及指示灯均与控制器电连接；控制器用于获取电容设备电压，判断电容设备电压是否小于或等于安全操作电压，如果是，则控制电子锁开锁，且指示灯为绿色，使得柜门可以打开；否则控制电子锁关闭，且指示灯为红色，锁闭柜门，使柜门无法打开。
即当电容设备电压小于等于安全操作电压时，表明可以对高压电气屏柜进行维修操作，此时电子锁解锁，通过柜门钥匙3可以打开高压电气屏柜的柜门锁，进而打开柜门，指示灯指示为绿色；当电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时，说明电压未降低至安全操作电压以下，不能对高压电气屏柜进行维修操作，此时电子锁关闭(即电子锁锁闭柜门)，此时即使柜门钥匙3打开了柜门锁，但由于电子锁锁闭了柜门，此时也依然无法打开柜门，指示灯指示为红色。通过指示灯和电子锁进一步保证了对高压电气屏柜操作时的安全性。
本实施例中，柜门锁是高压电气柜上设置的需要用钥匙解锁或锁闭的机械锁。
本实施例中，机械延时安全联锁系统工作过程包括如下步骤：
步骤1：机车断电，拔出机车供电钥匙2。
步骤2：将与机车供电钥匙2固定连接的钥匙A 11插入至机械延时安全设备1上的第一锁芯内，此时无法拔出钥匙B 12。
步骤3：开始计时，待延时时间结束后，从第二锁芯拔出钥匙B 12。在延时 时间内，高压电气屏柜的电容设备通过持续放电将电压等级降低到人体安全操作电压以下。
本实施例中，延时时间为8min。
步骤4：获取高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压，当电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时，电子锁锁闭柜门，且指示灯为第一颜色(例如红色)；当电容设备电压小于等于安全操作电压时，电子锁解锁(即电子锁不会锁闭柜门)，且指示灯为第二颜色(如绿色)。
本实施例中，当设置于高压电气屏柜上的指示灯是否为绿色时，说明电压已降至人体安全操作电压以下，否则说明电压还未降至人体安全操作电压以下，等待指示灯变为绿色。
当电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时，指示灯为红色，且电子锁锁闭柜门，即使用柜门钥匙3也无法打开柜门；当电容设备电压小于等于安全操作电压时，指示灯为绿色，且电子锁解锁，用柜门钥匙3可以打开柜门。电子锁作为最后一道屏障来保证操作的安全性，避免了操作人员在指示灯为红色时操作高压电气屏柜的安全性问题，即使操作人员在指示灯为红色时操作高压电气屏柜，也因为电子锁锁闭而无法打开柜门，保证了操作安全性。指示灯可以给操作人员更为直观的指示。
本实施例中，根据传感器采样周期检测电容设备电压，电容设备电压的检测是实时的、持续的，因此电容设备电压的获取和电容设备电压与安全操作电压之间的判断是一直在进行的。并非只在步骤4才进行，即步骤4中电容设备电压的获取、电容设备电压与安全操作电压的判断、以及对电子锁和指示灯的控制与步骤1～3并无先后顺序。本实施例的机械延时安全联锁系统工作流程可以参照图4，电容设备电压的获取和电容设备电压与安全操作电压之间的判断、机械延时安全联锁系统的联锁过程可以同时进行。
本实施例中，柜门锁和电子锁均打开(开锁)时，高压电气屏柜门才允许打开，否则，高压电气屏柜门不能被打开。同时，本实施例中，柜门锁和电子锁是否被允许打开的判断是不分先后顺序的。当柜门锁被允许打开时，可以通过柜门锁钥匙打开柜门锁，此时若电子锁是锁闭的，柜门无法打开，若电子锁处于解锁状态，则柜门可以打开。同理，当电子锁处于解锁状态时，若柜门锁锁闭，柜门 依然无法打开，若柜门锁打开，柜门才可以打开。
本实施例中，控制器可以设置在高压电气屏柜柜体上，也可以设置在高压电气屏柜柜体附近。
图5所示为本实施例机械延时安全联锁系统的另一工作流程。与图4中操作过程不同的是，可以在延时时间结束后，或者拔出第二钥匙后，开启高压电气屏柜的柜门锁之前，通过控制器比较电容设备电压值和安全操作电压，当电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时，电子锁锁闭，柜门无法打开；当电容设备电压小于或等于安全操作电压时，电子锁解锁，将柜门钥匙插入柜门锁芯后，可以打开柜门。
由于图5的工作流程中，延时时间是根据电容设备通过放电将高压电气屏柜中电压降至人体安全操作电压以下所需时间来设置，因此通常情况下，在延时时间结束后，打开高压电气屏柜柜门进行操作是安全的，因此将柜门钥匙插入柜门锁芯后，理论上是可以直接打开柜门的。但考虑到在延时时间结束后直接打开柜门，可能因为某些特殊原因，可能依然存在高压电气屏柜内电压大于安全操作电压，导致操作高压电气屏柜出现安全事故的情况，因此在延时时间结束后，或者拔出第二钥匙后，本实施例还要进行进一步判断，即在高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时，使电子锁无法打开，锁闭柜门，防止柜门被打开，进一步提高操作安全性，防止发生安全事故。
图5的工作流程中，将电子锁作为最后一道屏障来保证操作的安全性。操作逻辑上，先判断柜门锁能否打开，在柜门锁允许打开后，再进一步判断电子锁能否打开。只有当柜门锁和电子锁均打开时，才能打开柜门。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种机车，其内设置上述实施例1中的机械延时安全联锁系统，该机械延时安全联锁系统设置于司机室内。具体地，该机械延时安全联锁系统的第一锁芯、第二锁芯设置于安全联锁系统1的本体上，本体设置于司机室内，可以设置在司机室的操作台上，便于司机操作。第一锁芯和第二锁芯可以并排设置在本体上，也可以竖直设置于本体上，即第二锁芯设置于第一锁芯下方，或者第一锁芯设置于第二锁芯下方，本实施例不对锁芯的具体位置进行限定。
指示灯、控制器与高压电气屏柜均可以设置于机械间内，以便于指示灯与控制器连接，以及便于控制器与电压传感器、电子锁之间的连接，减小布线工作量。 其中，指示灯可以直接设置于屏柜上，安装位置以便于操作人员查看为准。
本实施例中，机械延时安全联锁系统对高压电气屏柜进行安全联锁控制的实现过程参照上述实施例1，此处不再赘述。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或变型，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，包括：
    第一锁芯、第二锁芯；
    与所述第一锁芯匹配的第一钥匙以及与所述第二锁芯匹配的第二钥匙；
    所述第一钥匙与机车供电钥匙固定连接，所述第二钥匙与高压电气屏柜的柜门钥匙固定连接；
    其中，
    在每次操作时仅有第一钥匙从第一锁芯拔出或第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出；
    当第一钥匙插入第一锁芯时，在延时时间结束后第二钥匙才能从第二锁芯拔出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，所述高压电气屏柜为牵引变流器屏柜和/或DC/DC屏柜。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，所述固定连接方式为焊接。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，所述延时时间为8min。
  5. 如权利要求1～4中任一项所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，还包括用于检测高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压的传感器、以及设置于高压电气屏柜柜门上的电子锁；所述传感器、电子锁均与控制器电连接；
    所述电子锁用于在高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时使高压电气屏柜柜门无法打开。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，所述电子锁还用于在高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压大于安全操作电压时解锁。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，当延时时间结束时，或者当第二钥匙从第二锁芯拔出时，判断高压电气屏柜内电容设备电压是否大于安全操作电压，若是，则电子锁锁闭高压电气屏柜柜门。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的机械延时安全联锁系统，其特征在于，还包括与所述控制器电连接的指示灯；所述指示灯，用于在电容设备电压大于安全 操作电压时显示第一颜色，在电容设备电压小于等于安全操作电压时显示第二颜色。
  9. 一种机车，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～8中任一项所述的机械延时安全联锁系统。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的机车，其特征在于，所述机械延时安全联锁系统设置于司机室内。
PCT/CN2022/121522 2021-09-30 2022-09-27 一种机车及机械延时安全联锁系统 WO2023051481A1 (zh)

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