WO2020097969A1 - 接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统 - Google Patents

接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020097969A1
WO2020097969A1 PCT/CN2018/117083 CN2018117083W WO2020097969A1 WO 2020097969 A1 WO2020097969 A1 WO 2020097969A1 CN 2018117083 W CN2018117083 W CN 2018117083W WO 2020097969 A1 WO2020097969 A1 WO 2020097969A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
traction
grounding
power unit
grounding switch
key
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PCT/CN2018/117083
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马连凤
王雷
赵娜
董启政
田鹏刚
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中车永济电机有限公司
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Application filed by 中车永济电机有限公司 filed Critical 中车永济电机有限公司
Publication of WO2020097969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020097969A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electric locomotives, in particular to a grounding switch, a traction converter and its system.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage of the traction converter of the electric drive system of the electric locomotive can reach about 3000V.
  • the intermediate circuit of the traction converter needs to be discharged through the discharge resistor to reduce the voltage to the safe operation range, and at the same time, the indicator light of the voltage detection board is used to determine whether the voltage has fallen to the safe range, and then to the locomotive Traction converter for related operations.
  • the present invention proposes a traction converter and its system.
  • the intermediate circuit of the traction converter can be grounded and quickly Discharge.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a grounding switch including a static contact and a moving contact.
  • the static contact is connected in an intermediate circuit between a traction power unit and an inverter power unit.
  • the moving contact is grounded, and the grounding switch is used to control the grounding of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit to discharge.
  • the static contact includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal, the positive terminal is connected to the positive bus of the intermediate circuit, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative bus of the intermediate circuit.
  • the grounding switch includes a control handle, the control handle is connected to the moving contact, and the control handle is used to control opening and closing of the grounding switch.
  • control handle is provided in the ground switch, on the one hand, it is convenient for the operator to control the opening and closing of the ground switch through the control handle; on the other hand, it can also judge the current state of the closing or opening of the ground switch according to the pointing position of the control handle .
  • the ground switch further includes an auxiliary contact, and the auxiliary contact is used to feed back the opening and closing state of the ground switch to the traction control unit.
  • the auxiliary contact can feed back the opening and closing state of the grounding switch to the traction control unit, so as to achieve double guarantee for the personal safety of the operator.
  • the grounding switch further includes a grounding key cylinder and a traction key cylinder, the grounding key cylinder and the traction key cylinder are disposed on both sides of the control handle; the grounding key cylinder
  • the mortise lock has a grounding key
  • the traction key cylinder has a traction key in the mortise lock; the control handle is used to unlock the grounding key or the traction key.
  • control handle points to the ground key lock cylinder, the control handle is used to unlock the ground key.
  • control handle points to the traction key lock cylinder, the control handle is used to unlock the traction key.
  • the moving contact includes a ground wire.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a traction converter, including: a traction power unit, the grounding switch and the inverter power unit described in the first aspect; wherein:
  • the grounding switch is connected in an intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, and the traction power unit is used to convert the input AC power to DC power;
  • the inverter power unit is used to convert the direct current into alternating current, and output the converted alternating current;
  • the grounding switch is used to control the grounding of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit to discharge.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a traction converter system, including a plurality of motors and the traction converter described in the second aspect.
  • the grounding switch, the traction converter and the system thereof provided by the embodiments of the present invention include a static contact and a moving contact, wherein the static contact is connected in the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, The moving contact is grounded, and the grounding switch is used to control the grounding of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit to discharge. Since the grounding switch is provided in the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, according to the connection of the static contact of the grounding switch and the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, and the moving contact is grounded , Discharge the intermediate circuit, thereby grounding the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit and quickly discharging.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grounding switch according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of the grounding switch in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the identification and meaning of the indicator of the grounding switch.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction converter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction converter according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction converter system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • control handle
  • this embodiment is provided in the intermediate circuit of the traction converter
  • the grounding switch discharges the intermediate circuit quickly to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel or operators.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grounding switch according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the grounding switch 12 includes: a static contact 121 and a moving contact 122, wherein the static contact 121 is connected to In the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13, the movable contact 122 is grounded, and the grounding switch is used to control the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit to be grounded and then discharged.
  • the static contact 121 includes a positive terminal 1211 and a negative terminal 1212.
  • the positive terminal 1211 is connected to the positive bus 101 of the intermediate circuit, and the negative terminal 1212 is connected to the negative bus 102 of the intermediate circuit.
  • the positive terminal 1211 and the negative terminal 1212 of the static contact 121 of the ground switch 12 are in the middle
  • the positive bus 101 and the negative bus 102 of the circuit are in an open state, which has no effect on the working state of the intermediate circuit of the traction converter.
  • the grounding switch includes a static contact and a moving contact.
  • the static contact is connected in the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit.
  • the moving contact is grounded.
  • the grounding switch is used to control the traction power.
  • the intermediate circuit between the unit and the inverter power unit is grounded and then discharged. Since the grounding switch is provided in the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, according to the connection of the static contact of the grounding switch and the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, and the moving contact is grounded , Discharge the intermediate circuit, thereby grounding the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit and quickly discharging.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the ground switch in FIG. 1.
  • the ground switch 12 includes a control The handle 123 and the control handle 123 are connected to the moving contact 122.
  • the control handle 123 is used to control the opening and closing of the ground switch 12.
  • control handle 123 is connected to the moving contact 122, and the operation of the control handle 123 can drive the moving contact 122 to rotate, so that the static contact 121 can be turned on and off to realize the closing or opening of the grounding switch.
  • control handle 123 can be freely pulled by 90 °.
  • the control handle 123 is in a locked state, that is, it cannot be pulled.
  • the grounding switch cannot be controlled by the control handle 123 Close or open.
  • the position of the control handle 123 on the grounding switch is not limited in this embodiment, as long as the function of the control handle 123 can be realized.
  • control handle 123 is provided in the grounding switch, on the one hand, it is convenient for the operator to control the opening and closing of the grounding switch through the control handle 123, on the other hand, it can also judge whether the grounding switch is closed or open at the current moment according to the pointing position of the control handle 123 Open state.
  • the grounding switch further includes a grounding key cylinder 124 and a traction key cylinder 125.
  • the grounding key cylinder 124 and the traction key cylinder 125 are respectively disposed on both sides of the control handle 123; In the key 1241, the traction key 1251 is inserted into the traction key cylinder 125; the control handle 123 is used to unlock the ground key 1241 or the traction key 1251.
  • the grounding switch further includes a grounding key cylinder 124 and a traction key cylinder 125 disposed on both sides of the control handle 123.
  • the grounding key cylinder 124 has a ground key 1241 inserted therein and a traction key cylinder 125
  • the mortise lock has a traction key 1251.
  • the lock mechanism When the grounding key 1241 is inserted into the safety coupling of the vehicle
  • the lock mechanism When the lock mechanism is used, it can also be used to unlock the safety interlock mechanism of the vehicle to unlock the key of the high-voltage cabinet door lock of the traction converter, and then open the high-voltage cabinet door lock of the traction converter, and finally open the cabinet door of the traction converter
  • the safety interlocking mechanism of the vehicle can be a device independent of the grounding switch.
  • the safety interlocking mechanism includes a safety interlocking box with a traction variable that can be unlocked by the grounding key of the grounding switch The key of the high-pressure cabinet door lock of the converter.
  • the traction key 125 When the traction key 125 is inserted into the traction key cylinder 1251, it can also be used to unlock the control handle 123, so that the control handle 123 can be freely turned by 90 °.
  • the installation positions of the ground key cylinder 124 and the traction key cylinder 125 on the ground switch need to be disposed on both sides of the control handle 123, so that the opening or closing of the ground switch can be determined according to the pointing position of the control handle 123.
  • control handle 123 if the control handle 123 points to the ground key cylinder 124, the control handle 123 is used to unlock the ground key 1241. If the control handle 123 points to the traction key cylinder 125, the control handle 123 is used to unlock the traction key 1251.
  • the grounding key 1241 when the grounding key 1241 is inserted into the grounding key cylinder 124 and the traction key 1251 are inserted into the traction key cylinder 125, that is, the grounding key 1241 and the traction key 1251 are in a locked state, the grounding key 1241 and the traction key 1251 cannot be pulled out, at this time
  • the control handle 123 of the ground switch can be pulled to make the ground switch open or close.
  • the control handle 123 When the control handle 123 is freely moved by 90 °, and the control handle 123 is directed to the ground key cylinder 124, the traction key 1251 remains in the locked state, and the traction key 1251 cannot be rotated in the traction key cylinder 125 and removed from the traction key
  • the lock core 125 is pulled out, and the ground key 1241 can be freely rotated in the ground key lock core 124 and pulled out from the ground key lock core 124.
  • the control handle 123 When the ground key 1241 is rotated in the ground key lock core 124 and removed from the ground key After the lock core 124 is pulled out, the control handle 123 will be locked at the position pointing to the ground key lock core 124 and cannot be pulled.
  • the extracted ground key 1241 is inserted into the vehicle's safety interlock mechanism to unlock the traction converter
  • the high-voltage cabinet door lock key of the converter at this time, after unlocking the high-voltage cabinet door lock key of the traction converter, the ground key 1241 is in a locked state and can no longer be rotated and pulled out.
  • the operator can open the traction transformer through the unlocked key
  • the high-voltage cabinet door lock of the converter at this time, the key to open the high-voltage cabinet door lock of the traction converter will be in a locked state, and it cannot be pulled out from the lock core of the high-pressure cabinet door of the traction converter, and maintenance personnel perform inspection and maintenance.
  • the key of the traction converter high-voltage cabinet door lock can be removed from the lock core of the traction converter cabinet by locking the traction converter high-voltage cabinet door , Put the key of the pulled high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter back to the safety interlock mechanism, and the key of the high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter is locked and cannot be rotated and pulled out.
  • the ground key 1241 is unlocked and can be Rotate and pull out, by reinserting the grounding key 1241 into the grounding key cylinder 124, and turning the grounding key 1241, the control handle 123 can be unlocked, by freely pulling the control handle 123 by 90 °, and the control handle 123 Point to the traction key cylinder 124.
  • the ground key 124 will be locked and cannot be turned and pulled out.
  • the control handle 123 of the grounding switch is directed to the traction key cylinder 124, the grounding key 123 cannot be pulled out, that is, the high-voltage cabinet door lock of the traction converter cannot be opened, and the operator cannot perform maintenance and repair on the traction converter. Maintenance and other operations.
  • a grounding switch is provided in the traction converter, and the grounding key 1241 of the grounding switch is controlled according to the control handle 123 of the grounding switch.
  • the interlocking of the grounding key 1241 and the safety interlocking mechanism of the vehicle The operator's safety guarantee during maintenance and operation of the traction converter.
  • the grounding switch also includes an auxiliary contact (not shown in the figure).
  • the auxiliary contact is used to feed back the opening and closing state of the grounding switch to the traction control unit.
  • the auxiliary contact feeds back the opening and closing state of the grounding switch to the traction control unit, whereby the state of the grounding switch can be determined by the traction control unit, so as to achieve double guarantee for the personal safety of the operator.
  • a logo and indicator light are also provided on the panel of the grounding switch.
  • the logo and indicator light are used to indicate that the handle of the grounding switch points to the grounding key cylinder or to the traction key cylinder.
  • the specific logo and the meaning of the indicator As shown in Figure 3, when the control handle points to the traction key cylinder, the color of the signal light is red, and the traction converter is in the running state, that is, the positive and negative terminals of the static contact in the grounding switch and the positive and negative terminals in the intermediate circuit The negative bus is in the disconnected state, and the traction converter cannot be repaired or maintained. When the control handle points to the ground key lock cylinder, the color of the signal light is green.
  • the traction converter is in a stopped state, that is, grounded
  • the positive and negative terminals of the static contact in the switch are connected to the positive and negative buses in the intermediate circuit, and the grounding terminal of the moving contact of the grounding switch is grounded.
  • the traction converter can be repaired or maintained.
  • a voltage detection board can also be provided in the intermediate circuit of the traction converter.
  • the voltage detection board can be connected in parallel with the grounding switch to detect the voltage in the intermediate circuit.
  • the operator can pass the voltage detection
  • the indicator light on the board determines whether the intermediate circuit voltage has fallen to the range of safe operation.
  • the grounding switch is provided between the positive and negative buses of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, and the positive and negative terminals of the static contact of the grounding switch and the positive and negative buses of the intermediate circuit Connect or disconnect to control the discharge operation of the grounding switch.
  • the control handle of the grounding switch points to the grounding key lock cylinder, that is, before opening the high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter, first pull the control handle of the grounding switch And point to the position of the ground key lock cylinder. At this time, the control handle is locked at the current position and cannot be rotated and pulled out.
  • the unlocked ground key is pulled out and inserted into the vehicle's safety interlock mechanism ,
  • the key of the high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter in the safety interlocking mechanism of the vehicle is unlocked, the key of the high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter after unlocking is opened, and the high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter is opened to correlate the traction converter Operation; if the control handle of the grounding switch does not point to the grounding key lock core, the grounding key cannot be turned and pulled out, and the key of the high-voltage cabinet door lock of the traction converter cannot be unlocked, and of course the high-voltage cabinet door of the traction converter cannot be opened Therefore, it is not possible to carry out related maintenance operations on the traction converter. Because the grounding switch realizes the safety interlock with the vehicle through the grounding key, the safety interlocking design of the grounding switch and the vehicle can ensure the personal safety of the operator who overhauls or maintains .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction converter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the traction converter 10 includes: a traction power unit 11, a ground switch 12 and an inverter power unit 13; wherein: the ground switch 12 is connected between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13 In the intermediate circuit, the grounding switch 12 is used to control the grounding of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13 to discharge; the traction power unit 11 is used to convert the input AC power to DC power; the inverter power unit 13 It is used to convert DC power to AC power and output the converted AC power.
  • the traction power unit 11 may include a plurality of parallel insulated gate double An IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT) component is mainly used to convert AC power input from the input end of the traction converter 10 into DC power.
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • the grounding switch 12 is connected to the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13.
  • the grounding switch 12 is mainly used to control the grounding of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13 to discharge.
  • the grounding switch 12 includes a static contact and a moving contact.
  • the grounding switch 12 is connected to the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13 through the static contact, and the moving contact is grounded.
  • the two ends of the static contact in the ground switch 12 are connected to the two ends of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power unit 13.
  • the ground switch 12 When the static contact of the ground switch 12 is disconnected, the ground switch 12 When the two ends of the static contact are disconnected from the two ends of the intermediate circuit, that is, the two ends of the static contact are open between the intermediate circuits, at this time, the grounding switch has no effect on the circuit of the traction converter.
  • the static contact of 12 is closed, that is, when both ends of the static contact of the grounding switch 12 are connected to both ends of the intermediate circuit, the moving contact of the grounding switch 12 is grounded.
  • the two contacts of the static contact of the grounding switch 12 The terminal is short-circuited, so that the intermediate circuit is grounded and discharged quickly.
  • the moving contact also has two ends, one end is connected to the grounding switch, and the other end is the grounding terminal. It is grounded through the grounding wire. When the static contact is closed, the grounding wire is grounded through the grounding end of the moving contact, thereby performing an intermediate circuit. Ground and discharge.
  • the inverter power unit 13 may also include the same multiple IGBT components as the traction power unit 11, It is mainly used to convert the rectified DC power of the traction power unit 11 into AC power, and output the converted AC power to supply power to multiple motors.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction converter according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the traction power unit 11 and the inverter power Between the units 13 is the intermediate circuit 14 of the traction converter.
  • the traction power unit 13 is connected to the input end of the traction converter, and converts the input AC power into DC power.
  • the inverter power unit 13 converts The converted DC power is converted into DC power output for supply to multiple motors.
  • the traction converter provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a traction power unit, a grounding switch and an inverter power unit; by connecting the grounding switch in the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, the grounding switch can be used In order to control the grounding of the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit and then discharge; in addition, the traction power unit can convert the input AC power to DC power; the inverter power unit can convert DC power to AC power, and convert Output of the AC power to the motor.
  • the grounding switch is provided in the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit, the intermediate circuit between the traction power unit and the inverter power unit is grounded and discharged according to the grounding switch, thereby realizing traction converter
  • the intermediate circuit of the device is grounded and discharged quickly.
  • FIG. 6 is a traction converter system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the system It includes a plurality of motors 20 and the traction converter 10 in the above embodiment, wherein the traction converter supplies power to the motor.
  • the traction converter system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can execute the above corresponding circuit structure embodiments, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, which will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统，其中，所述接地开关包括静触头和动触头，所述静触头连接在牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，所述动触头接地，所述接地开关用于控制对所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。本发明提供的接地开关、牵引变流器及系统，可以实现牵引变流器的中间回路的接地并快速放电。

Description

接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电力机车领域，尤其涉及一种接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统。
背景技术
为了保证机车能够正常运行，机车操作人员及维修人员通常需要打开牵引变流器柜门，以对牵引变流器进行维修。
现有技术中，电力机车的电传动系统牵引变流器的中间回路电压可达3000V左右，当需要对电力机车的电传动系统牵引变流器进行操作或者维修时，为了保证设备操作和维修人员的人身安全，需要通过放电电阻对牵引变流器的中间回路进行放电，以使电压降低到安全操作的范围，同时还借助电压检测板的指示灯来判断电压是否降低到安全范围，进而对机车的牵引变流器进行相关操作。然而现有技术中通过放电电阻对中间回路放电所需的时间较长，因此，如何实现牵引变流器的中间回路的快速放电，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的技术问题，本发明提出一种牵引变流器及其系统，通过在牵引变流器的中间回路上设置接地开关，能够实现牵引变流器的中间回路的接地并快速放电。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种接地开关，所述接地开关包括静触头和动触头，所述静触头连接在牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，所述动触头接地，所述接地开关用于控制对所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。
可选的，所述静触头包括正端子和负端子，所述正端子与所述中间回路的正母线连接，所述负端子与所述中间回路的负母线连接。
通过设置在所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中的静触头的正负端子与中间回路的正负母线的连接，又根据接地开关中的动触头接地，实现牵引变流器的中间回路的接地并快速放电。
可选的，所述接地开关包括控制手柄，所述控制手柄和所述动触头连接，所述控制手柄用于控制所述接地开关的开闭。
由于在接地开关中设置控制手柄，一方面可以方便操作人员通过控制手柄控制接地开关的开闭，另一方面，还可以根据控制手柄的指向位置来判断当前时刻接地开关的闭合或断开的状态。
可选的，所述接地开关还包括辅助触点，所述辅助触点用于将所述接地开关的开闭状态反馈给牵引控制单元。
由于接地开关上设置有辅助触点，辅助触点可以将接地开关的开闭状态反馈给牵引控制单元，以实现对操作人员人身安全的双重保证。
可选的，所述接地开关还包括接地钥匙锁芯和牵引钥匙锁芯，所述接地钥匙锁芯和所述牵引钥匙锁芯分别设置在所述控制手柄的两侧；所述接地钥匙锁芯中插锁有接地钥匙，所述牵引钥匙锁芯中插锁有牵引钥匙；所述控制手柄用于解锁所述接地钥匙或所述牵引钥匙。
可选的，若所述控制手柄指向所述接地钥匙锁芯，则所述控制手柄用于解锁所述接地钥匙。
可选的，若所述控制手柄指向所述牵引钥匙锁芯，则所述控制手柄用于解锁所述牵引钥匙。
可选的，所述动触头包括有接地线。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种牵引变流器，包括：牵引功率单元、第一方面所述的接地开关和逆变功率单元；其中：
所述接地开关连接在所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，所述牵引功率单元用于将输入的交流电转换为直流电；
所述逆变功率单元用于将所述直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的交流电输出；
所述接地开关用于控制对所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种牵引变流系统，包括多个电机和 第二方面所述的牵引变流器。
本发明实施例提供的接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统，接地开关包括静触头和动触头，其中，静触头连接在牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，动触头接地，接地开关用于控制对牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。由于通过在牵引功率单元与逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中设置接地开关，根据接地开关的静触头与牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路的连接，且动触头接地，对中间回路进行放电处理，由此实现牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路的接地并快速放电。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明根据一示例性实施例示出的一种接地开关的结构示意图。
图2为图1中接地开关的另一结构示意图。
图3为接地开关指示灯的标识及标识含义的说明示意图。
图4是本发明根据一示例性实施例示出的一种牵引变流器的结构示意图。
图5是本发明根据另一示例性实施例示出的一种牵引变流器的结构示意图。
图6是本发明根据另一示例性实施例示出的一种牵引变流系统的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
10：牵引变流器；
11：牵引功率单元；
12：接地开关；
13：逆变功率单元；
14：中间回路；
121：静触头；
122：动触头；
1211：静触头正端子；
1212：静触头负端子；
101：中间回路中正母线；
102：中间回路中负母线；
123：控制手柄；
124：接地钥匙锁芯；
1241：接地钥匙；
125：牵引钥匙锁芯；
1251：牵引钥匙；
20：电机。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了避免现有技术中操作人员在对牵引变流器进行维修或者操作的时候，因为中间回路电压过高或者操作不当而导致触电事故的发生，本实施例在牵引变流器的中间回路中设置接地开关，以快速的对中间回路进行放电处理，从而保证维修人员或操作人员的人身安全。下面以具体的实施例进行详细说明。
图1是本发明根据一示例性实施例示出的一种接地开关的结构示意图，如图1所示，接地开关12包括：静触头121和动触头122，其中，静触头121连接在牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路中，动触头122接地，接地开关用于控制对牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间 的中间回路接地进而进行放电。
其中，静触头121包括正端子1211和负端子1212，正端子1211与中间回路的正母线101连接，负端子1212与中间回路的负母线102连接。
在一种可以实现的方式中，当接地开关12的静触头121闭合的情况下，也即，静触头121的正端子1211与中间回路的正母线101连接，负端子1212与中间回路的负母线102连接，此时，接地开关12的动触头122将接地，从而实现中间回路的接地并放电；当接地开关12的静触头121断开的情况下，也即，静触头121的正端子1211与中间回路的正母线101断开连接，负端子1212与中间回路的负母线102断开连接，此时，接地开关12的静触头121的正端子1211和负端子1212在中间回路的正母线101与负母线102间呈开路状态，对牵引变流器的中间回路的工作状态没有影响。
在本实施例中，接地开关包括静触头和动触头，静触头连接在牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，动触头接地，接地开关用于控制对牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。由于通过在牵引功率单元与逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中设置接地开关，根据接地开关的静触头与牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路的连接，且动触头接地，对中间回路进行放电处理，由此实现牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路的接地并快速放电。
为了方便操作人员对接地开关的开闭的控制，本发明实施例在接地开关设置了控制手柄，图2为图1中接地开关的另一结构示意图，如图2所示，接地开关12包括控制手柄123，控制手柄123和动触头122连接，控制手柄123用于控制接地开关12的开闭。
具体的，控制手柄123连接动触头122，操作控制手柄123可以带动动触头122转动，从而可以实现静触头121的接通及断开，以实现接地开关的闭合或断开。另外，控制手柄123可以自由90°扳动，在牵引变流器处于正常运行状态时，控制手柄123是处于锁定状态，也即无法扳动，此时，接地开关也就无法通过控制手柄123进行闭合或断开。另外，对于控制手柄123在接地开关上位置，本实施例不做任何限制，只要能够实现控制手柄123的功能即可。
由于在接地开关中设置控制手柄123，一方面可以方便操作人员通过控制手柄123控制接地开关的开闭，另一方面，还可以根据控制手柄123的指向位置来判断当前时刻接地开关的闭合或断开的状态。
进一步地，接地开关还包括接地钥匙锁芯124和牵引钥匙锁芯125，接地钥匙锁芯124和牵引钥匙锁芯125分别设置在控制手柄123的两侧；接地钥匙锁芯124中插锁有接地钥匙1241，牵引钥匙锁芯125中插锁有牵引钥匙1251；控制手柄123用于解锁接地钥匙1241或牵引钥匙1251。
具体的，继续参考图2，接地开关还包括设置在控制手柄123两侧的接地钥匙锁芯124和牵引钥匙锁芯125，接地钥匙锁芯124中插锁有接地钥匙1241，牵引钥匙锁芯125中插锁有牵引钥匙1251，当接地钥匙1241插入接地钥匙锁芯124时，可以用于解锁控制手柄123，以使控制手柄123可以自由90°扳动，当接地钥匙1241插入整车的安全联锁机构时，还可以用于解锁整车的安全联锁机构，以解锁牵引变流器高压柜门锁钥匙，进而打开牵引变流器的高压柜门锁，最终打开牵引变流器的柜门进行检修和维护，其中，整车的安全联锁机构可以为独立于接地开关的装置，在安全联锁机构中包括安全联锁箱，箱中有可通过接地开关的接地钥匙来解锁的牵引变流器高压柜门锁钥匙。当牵引钥匙125插入牵引钥匙锁芯1251时，也可以用于解锁控制手柄123，以使控制手柄123可以自由90°扳动。另外，对于接地钥匙锁芯124和牵引钥匙锁芯125在接地开关上的设置位置，需要设置在控制手柄123的两侧，以便能够根据控制手柄123的指向位置确定接地开关的断开或闭合。
详细的，若控制手柄123指向接地钥匙锁芯124，则控制手柄123用于解锁接地钥匙1241。若控制手柄123指向牵引钥匙锁芯125，则控制手柄123用于解锁牵引钥匙1251。
具体的，当接地钥匙1241插入接地钥匙锁芯124和牵引钥匙1251插入牵引钥匙锁芯125时，即接地钥匙1241和牵引钥匙1251处于锁定状态，接地钥匙1241和牵引钥匙1251不能拔出，此时接地开关的控制手柄123可以扳动，使接地开关进行断开或闭合的操作。
当将控制手柄123自由扳动90°，且控制手柄123指向接地钥匙锁芯124时，牵引钥匙1251仍然保持在锁住状态，且牵引钥匙1251不能在牵 引钥匙锁芯125中转动和从牵引钥匙锁芯125中拔出，而接地钥匙1241则可以在接地钥匙锁芯124中自由转动和从接地钥匙锁芯124中拔出，当将接地钥匙1241在接地钥匙锁芯124中转动和从接地钥匙锁芯124中拔出后，控制手柄123将会被锁定在指向接地钥匙锁芯124的位置不能扳动，此时将拔出的接地钥匙1241插入整车的安全联锁机构，解锁牵引变流器的高压柜门锁钥匙，此时，将牵引变流器的高压柜门锁钥匙解锁后，接地钥匙1241处于锁定状态，不能再转动和拔出，操作人员可以通过解锁后的钥匙打开牵引变流器的高压柜门锁，此时，打开牵引变流器高压柜门锁的钥匙将会处于锁定状态，不能从牵引变流器的高压柜门锁芯拔出，维修人员进行检修和维护。当维修人员对牵引变流器操作完成后，通过将牵引变流器高压柜门锁定后，才能将牵引变流器高压柜门锁的钥匙从牵引变流器的柜门的锁芯中拔出，将拔出的牵引变流器高压柜门钥匙放回至安全联锁机构，且牵引变流器高压柜门钥匙处于锁定状态，不能转动和拔出，此时，接地钥匙1241被解锁，可以进行转动和拔出，通过将拔出的接地钥匙1241重新插入接地钥匙锁芯124，并转动接地钥匙1241，可以解锁控制手柄123，通过将控制手柄123自由扳动90°，且使控制手柄123指向牵引钥匙锁芯124，这种情形下，接地钥匙124将被锁定且不能转动和拔出。以此保证接地开关的控制手柄123的指向牵引钥匙锁芯124时，接地钥匙123无法拔出，也即无法打开牵引变流器高压柜门锁，进而操作人员无法对牵引变流器进行检修和维护等操作。
在本实施例中，通过在牵引变流器中设置接地开关，又根据接地开关的控制手柄123来控制接地开关的接地钥匙1241，通过接地钥匙1241与整车的安全连锁机构的联锁，实现操作人员在对牵引变流器的维修与操作时的安全保证。
为了实现操作人员人身安全的双重保证，接地开关还包括辅助触点(图中未示出)，辅助触点用于将接地开关的开闭状态反馈给牵引控制单元。
具体的，辅助触点将接地开关的开闭状态反馈给牵引控制单元，由此可以通过牵引控制单元来确定接地开关的状态，以实现对操作人员人 身安全的双重保证。
可选的，在接地开关的面板上还设置有标识及指示灯，该标识及指示灯用于指示接地开关的手柄指向接地钥匙锁芯或指向牵引钥匙锁芯，具体的标识及指示灯的含义如图3所示，当控制手柄指向牵引钥匙锁芯时，信号灯的颜色为红色，此时牵引变流器处于运行状态，即，接地开关中静触头的正负端子与中间回路中的正负母线处于断开状态，不能对牵引变流器进行检修或维护的操作，当控制手柄指向接地钥匙锁芯时，信号灯的颜色为绿色，此时牵引变流器处于停止运行状态，即，接地开关中静触头的正负端子与中间回路中的正负母线处于连接状态，且接地开关的动触头的接地端接地，此时，可以对牵引变流器进行检修或维护的操作。
在一种可以实现的方式中，在牵引变流器的中间回路中还可以设置电压检测板，电压检测板可以与接地开关并联连接，用于检测中间回路中的电压，操作人员可以通过电压检测板的指示灯来判断中间回路电压是否降低到安全操作的范围。通过设置与接地开关并联的电压检测板，在接地开关处于闭合状态，也即中间回路处于放电时，根据电压检测板来进一步确定当前时刻中间回路的电压是否已经降低到安全范围，以实现对牵引变流器维修人员的双重保障。
在本实施例中，将接地开关设置在牵引功率单元与逆变功率单元之间的中间回路的正负母线之间，通过接地开关的静触头的正负两端子与中间回路的正负母线的连接或断开来控制接地开关的放电操作，当接地开关的控制手柄指向接地钥匙锁芯时，也即，在打开牵引变流器高压柜门之前，首先要把接地开关的控制手柄扳动并指向接地钥匙锁芯的位置，此时，控制手柄被锁定在当前位置，不可以转动和拔出，通过解锁接地钥匙，又将解锁后的接地钥匙拔出并插入整车的安全联锁机构中，使得整车的安全联锁机构中的牵引变流器高压柜门钥匙解锁，将解锁后的牵引变流器高压柜门钥匙打开牵引变流器高压柜门，对牵引变流器进行相关操作；由于如果接地开关的控制手柄没有指向接地钥匙锁芯，那么接地钥匙无法转动和拔出，也就无法解锁牵引变流器高压柜门锁钥匙，当然也无法打开牵引变流器高压柜门，也因此无法对牵引变流器进 行相关维修操作，由于接地开关通过接地钥匙与整车实现安全联锁，因此，接地开关与整车的安全联锁设计可以确保检修或维护的操作人员人身安全。
图4是本发明根据一示例性实施例示出的一种牵引变流器的结构示意图。如图4所示，该牵引变流器10，包括：牵引功率单元11、接地开关12和逆变功率单元13；其中：接地开关12连接在牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路中，接地开关12用于控制对牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电；牵引功率单元11用于将输入的交流电转换为直流电；逆变功率单元13用于将直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的交流电输出。
在本实施例中，牵引功率单元11的一端与牵引变流器10的输入端连接，牵引功率单元11的另一端与接地开关12连接，牵引功率单元11可以包括多个并联连接的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)组件，主要用于将从牵引变流器10的输入端输入的交流电转换为直流电。
接地开关12连接在牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路中，接地开关12主要用于控制对牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。
其中，接地开关12包括静触头和动触头，接地开关12通过静触头连接在牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路中，动触头接地。
具体的，接地开关12中的静触头的两端连接在牵引功率单元11和逆变功率单元13之间的中间回路的两端，当接地开关12的静触头断开，即接地开关12的静触头两端与中间回路两端断开的情况下，也即静触头两端在中间回路间呈开路状态，此时，接地开关对牵引变流器的电路无影响，当接地开关12的静触头闭合，即接地开关12的静触头的两端与中间回路的两端连接的情况下，接地开关12的动触头接地，此时，接地开关12的静触头的两端进行短接，从而实现中间回路的接地并快速放电。另外动触头也有两个端，一端与接地开关连接，另一端为接地端，通过接地线接地，在静触头闭合的情况下，通过动触头的接地端的接地线接 地，从而进行中间回路的接地并放电。
逆变功率单元13的一端与中间回路连接，另一端与牵引变流器10的输出端连接，逆变功率单元13也可以包括与牵引功率单元11相同的多个IGBT组件，逆变功率单元13主要用于将牵引功率单元11整流后的直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的交流电输出，为多个电机供电。
如何在牵引变流器的中间回路中设置接地开关，本发明实施例以出口印度CLW公司的WAG9H型电力机车的电传动系统牵引变流器为例，通过在中间回路中设置接地开关，以实现牵引变流器中间回路的接地并快速放电，图5是本发明根据另一示例性实施例示出的一种牵引变流器的结构示意图，如图5所示，牵引功率单元11与逆变功率单元13之间为牵引变流器的中间回路14，牵引功率单元13与牵引变流器的输入端连接，并将输入的交流电转换为直流电，经过中间回路14，又通过逆变功率单元13将转换的直流电转换为直流电输出，以提供给多个电机。
本发明实施例提供的牵引变流器，包括：牵引功率单元、接地开关和逆变功率单元；通过将接地开关连接在牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，接地开关可以用于控制对牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电；另外，牵引功率单元可以将输入的交流电转换为直流电；逆变功率单元可以将直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的交流电输出给电机。由于通过在牵引功率单元与逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中设置接地开关，根据接地开关来控制牵引功率单元与逆变功率单元之间的中间回路的接地并放电，由此实现牵引变流器的中间回路的接地并快速放电。
在上述各实施例的基础上，本发明实施例还提供一种牵引变流系统，图6是本发明根据一示例性实施例示出的一种牵引变流系统，如图6所示，该系统包括多个电机20和上述实施例中的牵引变流器10，其中，牵引变流器为电机供电。本发明实施例提供的牵引变流系统，可以执行上述对应的电路结构实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，在此不再赘述。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进 行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种接地开关，其特征在于，所述接地开关包括静触头和动触头，其中，所述静触头连接在牵引功率单元和逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，所述动触头接地，所述接地开关用于控制对所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的接地开关，其特征在于，所述静触头包括正端子和负端子，所述正端子与所述中间回路的正母线连接，所述负端子与所述中间回路的负母线连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的接地开关，其特征在于，所述接地开关包括控制手柄，所述控制手柄和所述动触头连接，所述控制手柄用于控制所述接地开关的开闭。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的接地开关，其特征在于，所述接地开关还包括辅助触点，所述辅助触点用于将所述接地开关的开闭状态反馈给牵引控制单元。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的接地开关，其特征在于，所述接地开关还包括接地钥匙锁芯和牵引钥匙锁芯，所述接地钥匙锁芯和所述牵引钥匙锁芯分别设置在所述控制手柄的两侧；所述接地钥匙锁芯中插锁有接地钥匙，所述牵引钥匙锁芯中插锁有牵引钥匙；所述控制手柄用于解锁所述接地钥匙或所述牵引钥匙。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的接地开关，其特征在于，若所述控制手柄指向所述接地钥匙锁芯，则所述控制手柄用于解锁所述接地钥匙。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的接地开关，其特征在于，若所述控制手柄指向所述牵引钥匙锁芯，则所述控制手柄用于解锁所述牵引钥匙。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的接地开关，其特征在于，所述动触头包括有接地线。
  9. 一种牵引变流器，其特征在于，包括：牵引功率单元、如权利要求1-8任一项所述的接地开关和逆变功率单元；其中：
    所述接地开关连接在所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路中，所述牵引功率单元用于将输入的交流电转换为直流电；
    所述逆变功率单元用于将所述直流电转换为交流电，并将转换后的 交流电输出；
    所述接地开关用于控制对所述牵引功率单元和所述逆变功率单元之间的中间回路接地进而进行放电。
  10. 一种牵引变流器系统，其特征在于，包括多个电机和如权利要求9所述的牵引变流器。
PCT/CN2018/117083 2018-11-15 2018-11-23 接地开关、牵引变流器及其系统 WO2020097969A1 (zh)

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