WO2023048581A1 - Protection de plantes contre les dommages causés par le gel - Google Patents

Protection de plantes contre les dommages causés par le gel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023048581A1
WO2023048581A1 PCT/NZ2022/050118 NZ2022050118W WO2023048581A1 WO 2023048581 A1 WO2023048581 A1 WO 2023048581A1 NZ 2022050118 W NZ2022050118 W NZ 2022050118W WO 2023048581 A1 WO2023048581 A1 WO 2023048581A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
acid
silicate
fatty acid
plant
bacteria
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NZ2022/050118
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English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Henry
Original Assignee
Henry Manufacturing Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henry Manufacturing Limited filed Critical Henry Manufacturing Limited
Publication of WO2023048581A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023048581A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/06—Unsaturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/06—Devices for generating heat, smoke or fog in gardens, orchards or forests, e.g. to prevent damage by frost
    • A01G13/065—Frost protection by generating fog or by spraying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and composition for protecting plants from frost damage caused by ice nucleating agents.
  • frost damage at temperatures of around 0° C.
  • the damage tends to be mechanical in nature, caused by the formation of ice within the plant tissue. Initially the ice may form on the plant surface or in its intercellular spaces, and then propagate through cell membranes, rupturing them.
  • a number of species of bacteria can act as ice nucleating agents and these may occur as epiphytes on plants. Examples include Pseudomonas syringae pv Syringae, certain strains of Pseudomonas fluorescence, certain pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris and various strains of Pantoea. Such bacteria are able to catalyse ice formation at temperatures as warm as about -2° C.
  • the ice forming temperature for frost sensitive plants is dependent on the population size of the ice nucleating bacteria on them. Larger bacterial populations tend to be associated with ice nucleation at warmer temperatures. However, in the absence of such organisms the water in some plants is able to supercool to about -6° C. Therefore, the adverse impact of ice nucleating bacteria is significant.
  • the current invention is thought to be effective in not only killing the bacteria but also in substantially denaturing or disassociating proteins that form part of the bacteria so that they have no, or less, ability to cause ice nucleation.
  • the invention is a method of protecting a plant from frost damage, comprising applying to the exterior of the plant:
  • silicate in solution or suspension in an amount sufficient to protectively interfere with bacteria induced ice nucleation.
  • the fatty acid and/or the silicate are in solution or suspension in water.
  • the bacteria is gram negative.
  • the bacteria comprise Pseudomonas (eg Pseudomonas syringae pv Syringae), Xanthomonas and/or Panatoa bacteria.
  • Pseudomonas eg Pseudomonas syringae pv Syringae
  • Xanthomonas e.g. Xanthomonas and/or Panatoa bacteria.
  • the fatty acid and silicate dissociate or denature ice nucleation inducing protein.
  • the fatty acid and silicate are applied to the plant in combination.
  • the fatty acid is in soap form.
  • the fatty acid is in the form of one or more of:
  • the fatty acid is derived from fats of animal origin.
  • the fatty acid is derived from oils of plant origin.
  • the fatty acid is derived from fats or oils of plant or animal origin.
  • the fatty acid comprises one or more of -
  • Linoleic Acid eg alpha Linoleic Acid
  • fatty acid comprises one or more of -
  • the silicate is water soluble.
  • the silicate is in the form of a metallic salt.
  • the silicate comprises one or more of:
  • the molar ratio of the silicate ranges from 2.0 to 3.3.
  • the plant is one or more of a fruit, vegetable, flower, grain, mushroom or tree.
  • the fruit is one or more of apples, pears, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, tamarillos, grapes and berry fruit.
  • the vegetable comprises one or more of lettuce, brassicas, cucurbits, tomato, capsicum, chilli, potato, sweet potato, carrots, beet, spring onions, leeks, beans and peas.
  • the grain comprises one or more of wheat, maize, sorghum, oats, rice and barley.
  • the tree comprises an ornamental variety selected from one or more, of magnolia, poplar, dogwood, maple, lilac and rose.
  • the bacteria comprise Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae.
  • the invention is the use of:
  • silicate in the production of a composition for protecting a plant from frost damage by spraying the surface of the plant with the composition in an amount sufficient to protectively interfere with bacteria induced ice nucleation.
  • the fatty acid and silicate are in solution or suspension in water.
  • the bacteria comprise Pseudomonas (eg Pseudomonas syringae pv Syringae), Xanthomonas and/or Panatoa bacteria.
  • Pseudomonas eg Pseudomonas syringae pv Syringae
  • Xanthomonas e.g. Xanthomonas and/or Panatoa bacteria.
  • the fatty acid is in soap form.
  • the fatty acid is in the form of one or more of:
  • the silicate is in the form of a metallic salt.
  • the silicate comprises one or more of:
  • the fatty acid comprises one or more of the fatty acid substances listed above.
  • the plant is one or more of a fruit, vegetable, flower, grain, mushroom or tree.
  • the fruit is one or more of apples, pears, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, tamarillos, grapes and berry fruit.
  • the vegetable comprises one or more of lettuce, brassicas, cucurbits, tomato, capsicum, chilli, potato, sweet potato, carrots, beet, spring onions, leeks, beans and peas.
  • the grain comprises one or more of wheat, maize, sorghum, oats, rice and barley.
  • the tree comprises an ornamental variety selected from one or more, of magnolia, poplar, dogwood, maple, lilac and rose.
  • the invention is a composition comprising:
  • silicate for protecting a plant from frost damage by spraying the surface of the plant with the composition in an amount sufficient to protectively interfere with bacteria induced ice nucleation.
  • the fatty acid, silicate and bacteria may be as per any one or more of the statements above.
  • the invention relates to a method of protecting plants from frost damage resulting from the presence of ice nucleating bacteria on the plant surfaces. This is of particular benefit to plant foliage, fruit or flowers (which should all be considered to be part of the plant).
  • the protection is achieved by spraying a composition comprising one or more suitable fatty acids and silicates mixed in a watery carrier onto the exterior of the plant.
  • Isolate 31 R1 is regarded as the most active strain of bacteria in terms of causing ice nucleation.
  • Test Solutions were prepared using HML Silco (also called PS1) and NSA, which are composed as follows -
  • Test Solutions were used as or made up into Test Samples as follows -
  • the Bacterial Suspension was added to each Test Sample 30 minutes after it had been formed, to a concentration of 10 7 cells per mL. Then, after 15 minutes, the 40 x 10 pL droplets of each Test Sample (which by then incorporated the Bacterial Suspension) were placed on the surface of a paraffin coated aluminum sheet floated on a refrigerated circulating ethanol bath kept at -5° C. The fraction of the drops that had frozen after 3 minutes was determined visually by distinguishing supercooled liquid drops from those which had turned to ice.
  • N The number (N) of ice nuclei per unit volume was calculated from the fraction (F) of droplets frozen (and accounting for the dilution of the original sample) by applying the following formula-
  • the mixtures of NSA and HML Silco surprisingly exhibited superior ability to inhibit bacterial ice nucleation.
  • the high activity associated with these is believed to be due to a synergistic effect.
  • dilute solutions of either NSA alone, or HML Silco alone had little to no ability to reduce bacterial ice nucleation.
  • dilute mixtures of NSA and HML Silco demonstrated substantial ability to suppress or eliminate bacterial ice nucleation.
  • the surprising suppression of bacterial ice nucleation is due to dissociation or denaturation of ice nucleating proteins associated with the bacteria, and/or a disruption of the bacterial membrane fluidity such that the proteins have less ability to nucleate ice. It is also considered likely that the suppression of ice nucleation is due to bacterial cell membrane perturbation. It is further considered likely that at least the Test Samples may have intercalated in, or otherwise disrupted, the outer bacterial membrane, thereby destabilizing the ice protein aggregates normally involved in ice formation. It is also considered likely that surfactant properties of the Test Samples were effective in perturbing bacterial membranes.
  • the “Inhibition” column records the shift between the T50 value of the reference/control and the Composition.
  • compositions 7 and 10 showed the best inhibition of ice nucleation, with inhibition of more than 4°C.
  • Trial A and Trial B differed in that Trial A was run at a constant -5°C, while Trial B was run over a range of temperatures. Also, Trial A was undertaken against a 31 R1 isolate of Pseudomonas syringae syringae, whereas Trial B was run against refined proteins of the same bacterial isolate. However, the results of both trials show the similar trends in efficacy.
  • This trial was conducted using the same methodology described for Trial A. The purpose of it was to assess the ability of three fatty acids of shorter or longer carbon chain length, of similar concentration, alone and in combination with a common silicate composition, to suppress ice nucleation caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv Syringae strain 31 R1. This strain is considered particularly active in causing ice nucleation.
  • Test Solutions were prepared for HML Silco and NSA as noted above.
  • Test Solutions were also prepared for N1 and N2 as follows -
  • Test Solutions were used as, or made up into, Test Samples as follows -
  • the Bacterial Suspension was added to each Test Sample 30 minutes after it had been formed, to a concentration of 10 7 cells per mL. Then, after 15 minutes, 40 x 10 pL droplets of each Test Sample (which by then included the Bacterial Suspension) were placed on the surface of a paraffin-coated aluminum sheet that was floated on a refrigerated circulating ethanol bath kept at -5° C. The fraction of the drops that had frozen after 3 minutes was determined visually by distinguishing supercooled liquid drops from those which had turned to ice. It was observed that no further drops froze even when the incubation time was extended beyond the 3 minutes to allow for the drops to equilibrate to the temperature of the circulating ethanol.
  • N The number (N) of ice nuclei per unit volume was calculated from the fraction (F) of droplets frozen (and accounting for the dilution of the original sample) by applying the following formula-
  • Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 illustrate the results graphically for each of the different rates of HML Silco.
  • the y-axis is a logarithmic scale.
  • Test Solutions were prepared for HML Silco and N1 as described above.
  • a Test Solution was also prepared for Na1 , as follows -
  • Test Solutions were used as, or made up into, Test Samples as follows -
  • N1 and Na1 were made in the same way to the same fatty acid concentration, using the same vegetable oil, to have the same hydroxide ratio (the amount of sodium hydroxide versus potassium hydroxide was varied to account for the different atomic weight thereof).
  • the Bacterial Suspension was added to each Test Sample 30 minutes after the solution had been formed, to a concentration of 10 7 cells per mL. Then, after 15 minutes, 40 x 10 pL droplets of each Test Sample (which by then incorporated the Bacterial Suspension) were placed on the surface of a paraffin-coated aluminum sheet floated on a refrigerated circulating ethanol bath kept at -5° C. The fraction of the drops that had frozen after 3 minutes was determined visually by distinguishing supercooled liquid drops from those which had turned to ice.
  • N The number (N) of ice nuclei per unit volume was calculated from the fraction (F) of droplets frozen (and accounting for the dilution of the original sample) by applying the following formula-
  • Figure 4 show the results graphically for the potassium and sodium salts of the fatty acids.
  • the y-axis is a logarithmic scale.
  • the Trial results show that for each rate of HML Silco, the soaps having different metallic ions performed similarly.
  • Test Solutions were prepared for HML Silco (Modulus 2.23) and NSA in the same way described above.
  • Test Solutions were made for HML Silco, NSA, PS2 and PS3, which were composed as follows-
  • Test Solutions were used as, or made up into, Test Samples as follows - For the ‘combination’ Test Samples (Nos 13 - 39), the silicate (HML Silco [also called PS1], PS2 and PS3) was added to the water prior to the NSA.
  • HML Silco also called PS1]
  • PS2 silicate
  • the silica concentrations of the three potassium silicates were different. However they were adjusted to a similar concentration on the basis of their silica dioxide levels.
  • the Bacterial Suspension was added to the Test Samples 30 minutes after it had been formed, to a concentration of 10 7 cells per mL. Then, after 15 minutes, 40 x 10 pL droplets of each Test Sample (which by then incorporated the Bacterial Suspension) were placed on the surface of a paraffin-coated aluminum sheet floated on a refrigerated circulating ethanol bath kept at -5° C. The fraction of the drops that had frozen after 3 minutes was determined visually by distinguishing supercooled liquid drops from those which had turned to ice.
  • N The number (N) of ice nuclei per unit volume was calculated from the fraction (F) of droplets frozen (and accounting for the dilution of the original sample) by applying the following formula-
  • Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 illustrate the results graphically for each of the different moduli of silicate.
  • the y-axis is a logarithmic scale.
  • Test Solutions were prepared for PS3, S1 , L1 and NSA as follows -
  • Test Solutions were used as, or made up into, Test Samples as follows -
  • silica concentrations of the three potassium silicates were different. However they were adjusted to a comparable concentration based on their silica dioxide levels.
  • the Bacterial Suspension was added to each Test Sample 30 minutes after it had been formed, to a concentration of 10 7 cells per mL. Then, after 15 minutes, 40 x 10 pL droplets of each Test Sample (which by then incorporated the Bacterial Suspension) were placed on the surface of a paraffin-coated aluminum sheet floated on a refrigerated circulating ethanol bath kept at -5° C. The fraction of the drops that had frozen after 3 minutes was determined visually by distinguishing supercooled liquid drops from those which had turned to ice.
  • N The number (N) of ice nuclei per unit volume was calculated from the fraction (F) of droplets frozen (and accounting for the dilution of the original sample) by applying the following formula-
  • Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 illustrate the results more graphically for each of the different metals of silicate when combined with different rates of NSA respectively.
  • the y-axis is a logarithmic scale.
  • silicates While not all silicates were trialled, it is considered that at other silicates, including those that are commercially available, will work effectively, alone or in combinations.
  • fatty acids and silicates may be used in a similar manner to that described above for protecting plants against ice nucleation induced frost damage caused by other bacteria.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

De nombreuses plantes sont sujettes à des dommages causés par le gel à basses températures. Les dommages ont tendance à être causés par la formation de glace dans le tissu végétal. Un objet d'une forme préférée de l'invention vise à résoudre ledit problème. À cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de protection d'une plante contre les dommages causés par le gel, comprenant l'application à l'extérieur de la plante (a) d'acide gras en solution ou en suspension et (b) de silicate en solution ou en suspension, en une quantité suffisante pour interférer de manière protectrice avec la nucléation de la glace induite par des bactéries.
PCT/NZ2022/050118 2021-09-27 2022-09-02 Protection de plantes contre les dommages causés par le gel WO2023048581A1 (fr)

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NZ78066121 2021-09-27
NZ780661 2021-09-27

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WO2023048581A1 true WO2023048581A1 (fr) 2023-03-30

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Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103408378A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 安徽农业大学 一种预防小麦低温冻害的专用烟雾剂及其制备方法
CN106942272A (zh) * 2017-03-01 2017-07-14 特斯联（北京）科技有限公司 一种智慧园林花卉抗寒剂及其制备方法
CN108056114A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-05-22 苏州萨瑟斯兰环境科技有限公司 一种提高植物耐冻性的组合物及其制备方法
CN109111257A (zh) * 2018-10-19 2019-01-01 长沙协浩吉生物工程有限公司 一种果树专用生物灌根肥的配制方法
US10492356B2 (en) * 2016-07-06 2019-12-03 Crop Enhancement, Inc. Nontoxic coating concentrates for agricultural uses
WO2020096466A1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 Henry Manufacturing Limited Traitement de plantes ou de champignons contre une maladie
WO2020149749A1 (fr) * 2019-01-14 2020-07-23 Henry Manufacturing Limited Traitement de plantes contre une maladie
KR20210033137A (ko) * 2019-09-18 2021-03-26 주식회사 단양클로렐라 냉해방지 및 뿌리발근 효과가 우수한 클로렐라 조성물의 제조방법

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103408378A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 安徽农业大学 一种预防小麦低温冻害的专用烟雾剂及其制备方法
US10492356B2 (en) * 2016-07-06 2019-12-03 Crop Enhancement, Inc. Nontoxic coating concentrates for agricultural uses
CN106942272A (zh) * 2017-03-01 2017-07-14 特斯联（北京）科技有限公司 一种智慧园林花卉抗寒剂及其制备方法
CN108056114A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-05-22 苏州萨瑟斯兰环境科技有限公司 一种提高植物耐冻性的组合物及其制备方法
CN109111257A (zh) * 2018-10-19 2019-01-01 长沙协浩吉生物工程有限公司 一种果树专用生物灌根肥的配制方法
WO2020096466A1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 Henry Manufacturing Limited Traitement de plantes ou de champignons contre une maladie
WO2020149749A1 (fr) * 2019-01-14 2020-07-23 Henry Manufacturing Limited Traitement de plantes contre une maladie
KR20210033137A (ko) * 2019-09-18 2021-03-26 주식회사 단양클로렐라 냉해방지 및 뿌리발근 효과가 우수한 클로렐라 조성물의 제조방법

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BIDDULPH BEN, ET AL.: "Bacterial Ice Nucleation Activity In Rainfall And On Crop Residues May Explain Why Pre-Frost Rainfall And Stubble Retention Increase Frost Damage In WA Cropping Systems", GRDC.COM.AU, AU, 14 April 2021 (2021-04-14), AU, pages 1 - 7, XP093055838, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2021/02/bacterial-ice-nucleation-activity-in-rainfall-and-on-crop-residues-may-explain-why-pre-frost-rainfall-and-stubble-retention-increase-frost-damage-in-wa-cropping-systems> [retrieved on 20230620] *
MITTELSTÄDT H., RUDOLPH K.: "Ice Nucleation Activity of Strains from Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars atrofadens and syringae, Mainly Isolated from Cereals", JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY - PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT., WILEY-BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH, DE, vol. 146, no. 11-12, 1 December 1998 (1998-12-01), DE , pages 581 - 586, XP093055835, ISSN: 0931-1785, DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04758.x *
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