WO2023045495A1 - 一种空气艇及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种空气艇及其加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023045495A1
WO2023045495A1 PCT/CN2022/104498 CN2022104498W WO2023045495A1 WO 2023045495 A1 WO2023045495 A1 WO 2023045495A1 CN 2022104498 W CN2022104498 W CN 2022104498W WO 2023045495 A1 WO2023045495 A1 WO 2023045495A1
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coating
drag
reducing
dry
thickness
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PCT/CN2022/104498
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张忠阳
翁岩
王丹丹
王述
杨东星
田野
贾琳
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抚顺抚运安仪救生装备有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
    • B05D2202/20—Metallic substrate based on light metals
    • B05D2202/25—Metallic substrate based on light metals based on Al
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/56—Three layers or more
    • B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/586—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • B63B5/24—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics
    • B63B2005/242—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics made of a composite of plastics and other structural materials, e.g. wood or metal
    • B63B2005/245—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics made of a composite of plastics and other structural materials, e.g. wood or metal made of a composite of plastics and metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H7/00—Propulsion directly actuated on air
    • B63H7/02—Propulsion directly actuated on air using propellers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water vehicle, in particular to an air boat and a processing method.
  • Air boats are mainly used in complex environments such as shallow water, muddy or sandy shoals, areas with dense aquatic plants, drift ice areas, ice surfaces, ice-water interface switching, and snow fields.
  • Lightweight and high-strength aluminum alloy materials are used for processing, and the key to airboat technology is to reduce the frictional resistance of the boat bottom to improve the passing capacity, and to improve the wear resistance of the boat bottom material to increase the service life of the hull.
  • the main ways to solve this problem are: (1) coating the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy with a drag-reducing coating.
  • the drag-reducing coating has a large amount of wear and needs to be re-coated in a short period of time, which is economical and only plays a role in reducing drag, which affects the service life of the boat bottom; (2) using metal-based organic compound wear-resistant materials to process the boat bottom
  • the wear resistance of the boat bottom enhances the service life of the boat bottom, but its disadvantage is that the use of composite materials to process the boat bottom is not conducive to the welding of the boat bottom, affects the structural strength of the boat hull, and cannot reduce the travel resistance of the airboat at complex interfaces; (3 ) to fix the ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) plate on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate at the bottom of the boat by means of screw connection.
  • the alloy plate has poor adhesion and can only be connected by screws. This connection method is not safe, and it is easy to cause the UHMWPE plate to fall off and seep from the bottom of the boat.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an airboat with novel and unique structure, easy to use, and can effectively reduce the frictional resistance of the bottom of the boat; the specific technical scheme is:
  • An air boat, the boat bottom is made of aluminum alloy, and is provided with a drag-reducing coating; between the aluminum alloy plate of the boat bottom and the drag-reducing coating, an epoxy putty coating, Epoxy coated and elastomeric coated.
  • the elastic coating is made of polyurea material.
  • the present invention also discloses a preparation method of the above-mentioned air boat, comprising the following steps:
  • step 5 the processing directions of adjacent single layers in step 5) and step 8 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the production environment temperature is 15°C-35°C, and the relative humidity is 20%-70%.
  • the airboat of the present invention first uses polyurea material to make the strain layer, and the drag-reducing coating is arranged on the strain layer, which not only prevents the drag-reducing coating from falling off, but also reduces the resistance of the drag-reducing coating.
  • the wear-resistant and drag-reducing coating prepared by the above method has a good protective effect on the aluminum alloy substrate, improves its wear resistance and impact strength, and reduces the friction resistance of the substrate.
  • the tensile strength is ⁇ 20MPa
  • the tear strength is ⁇ 100N/mm
  • the adhesion with aluminum alloy is ⁇ 7MPa
  • the abrasion loss is ⁇ 10(750g/500r)/mg
  • the sliding friction coefficient is ⁇ 0.2.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of airboat bottom coating of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the bottom coating of the airboat of the present invention.
  • the wear-resistant and impact-resistant polyurea elastomer coating and the drag-reducing coating with low friction coefficient are combined with the aluminum alloy boat bottom of the airboat to improve the service life of the bottom of the airboat and reduce the Travel resistance in complex environments.
  • the airboats in Examples 1 and 2 are based on the 5083-H116 aluminum alloy plate 1
  • the epoxy putty coating 2 is the first layer of bonding agent
  • the epoxy resin coating 3 is the second layer of bonding agent
  • the polyurea elastomer coating 4 is a reinforcing layer
  • the surface layer is a drag-reducing coating 5 .
  • the method of scraping coatings for each coating is adopted.
  • the strength of the finally obtained coating is ⁇ 20MPa, tearing Crack strength ⁇ 100N/mm, adhesion ⁇ 7MPa, abrasion ⁇ 10(750g/500r)/mg, sliding friction coefficient ⁇ 0.2.
  • the coating is to cover the entire bottom area from the side, stern and bottom welds as edges.
  • the coating thickness does not exceed the raised height of the weld seam; in this way, the weld seam protection prevents the coating from peeling off from the edge.
  • the coating of the boat bottom can be processed by existing technologies: such as layer-by-layer spraying, scraping and other methods.
  • the effect of adopting the following new processing method is better.
  • Test conditions temperature 15°C-35°C, relative humidity 20%-70%.
  • the components A and B of the epoxy resin are mixed at a rate of (100-500) r/min according to the ratio of 2.0-3.0:1. Mix evenly at a stirring speed, scrape the mixed epoxy resin evenly and thinly with a stainless steel scraper (the coating thickness is about 0.3mm) on the epoxy putty coating after surface drying in step (3), and dry it in a ventilated and dark place .
  • the A:B component of the polyurea elastomer material is mixed according to the ratio of 2:1 at a rate of (100-500) r/min Mix evenly at a stirring speed, and scrape the mixed polyurea elastomer coating evenly and thinly with a stainless steel scraper (the coating thickness is about 0.5mm) on the surface-dried epoxy resin coating in step (4), in a ventilated and light-proof place After drying and surface drying, put the scraper perpendicular to the direction of the first scraping, scrape the mixed polyurea coating thinly again, and repeat this operation until the thickness of the coating is 1mm to 4mm.
  • step (5) When the polyurea elastomer coating in step (5) reaches the target thickness and is surface dry, use a brush with acetone to evenly brush the surface of the polyurea coating, and after the acetone volatilizes, apply the drag reduction
  • the components A and B of the paint are mixed uniformly at a stirring speed of (100-500) r/min according to the ratio of 5:1, and then 5% mass fraction of 2-propoxyethanol is added to the uniformly mixed paint, Mix evenly at a stirring speed of (100-500) r/min again, scrape the mixed drag-reducing coating evenly and thinly with a stainless steel scraper (coating thickness is about 0.3mm), and surface-dry polyurea at the target thickness in step (5)
  • On the coating dry it in a ventilated and dark place. After the surface is dry, put the scraper perpendicular to the direction of the first scraping, and scrape the drag-reducing coating evenly, and repeat this operation 3 to 5 times.
  • component A is the main agent
  • component B is the curing agent
  • the ratio of the two components is the mass ratio.
  • the main agent of epoxy putty is H07-5 epoxy ester putty
  • the main agent of epoxy resin is E-52 bisphenol A type epoxy resin
  • the main agent of polyurea elastomer is diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI50) and pigment Composition
  • the main agent of drag-reducing paint is imported Gatorglide brand G2 drag-reducing paint.
  • the wear-resistant and drag-reducing coating prepared by the above method plays a better role in protecting the aluminum alloy substrate, improves its wear resistance and impact strength, and reduces the friction resistance of the substrate.
  • the tensile strength is ⁇ 20MPa
  • the tear strength is ⁇ 100N/mm
  • the adhesion with aluminum alloy is ⁇ 7MPa
  • the abrasion loss is ⁇ 10(750g/500r)/mg
  • the sliding friction coefficient is ⁇ 0.2.
  • a wear-resistant and drag-reducing coating material for the bottom of airboats with an aluminum alloy plate 1 as the base, epoxy putty 2 as the first layer of binder, epoxy resin 3 as the second layer of binder, polyurea elastic
  • the body coat 4 is a strengthening layer
  • the surface layer is a drag-reducing coating 5 .
  • the aluminum alloy substrate 1 is a 5083-H116 plate with a thickness of 5mm; the mass ratio of the components A and B of the epoxy putty layer 2 is 4:1; the mass ratio of the components A and B of the epoxy resin layer 3 is 2.5: 1.
  • the stirring speed is 400r/min, the thickness of the polyurea elastomer coating is 2mm; the mass ratio of components A and B of the drag-reducing coating is 5:1, and the number of brushing times of the drag-reducing coating is 3 times.
  • the ambient temperature is 28°C-30°C
  • the relative humidity is 55%-60%
  • the surface dry time of epoxy putty layer 2 is 60 minutes
  • the surface dry time of epoxy resin layer 3 is 60 minutes
  • the surface dry time of polyurea elastomer coating 4 is 30 minutes.
  • the surface drying time of the drag reducing coating is 30 minutes.
  • a wear-resistant and drag-reducing coating material for the bottom of airboats with an aluminum alloy plate 1 as the base, epoxy putty 2 as the first layer of binder, epoxy resin 3 as the second layer of binder, polyurea elastic
  • the body coat 4 is a strengthening layer
  • the surface layer is a drag-reducing coating 5 .
  • the aluminum alloy substrate 1 is a 5083-H116 plate with a thickness of 5 mm; the ratio of components A and B of the epoxy putty layer 2 is 4:1 by mass; the ratio of components A and B of the epoxy resin layer 3 is 2.5 by mass: 1.
  • the stirring speed is 400r/min, and the thickness of the polyurea elastomer coating is 2.5mm; the mass ratio of components A and B of the drag-reducing coating is 5:1; the number of brushing times of the drag-reducing coating is 4 times.
  • a wear-resistant and drag-reducing coating material for the bottom of airboats with an aluminum alloy plate 1 as the base, epoxy putty 2 as the first layer of binder, epoxy resin 3 as the second layer of binder, polyurea elastic
  • the body coat 4 is a strengthening layer
  • the surface layer is a drag-reducing coating 5 .
  • the aluminum alloy substrate 1 is a 5083-H116 plate with a thickness of 5 mm; the ratio of components A and B of the epoxy putty layer 2 is 4:1 by mass; the ratio of components A and B of the epoxy resin layer 3 is 2.5 by mass: 1.
  • the stirring speed is 400r/min, the thickness of the polyurea elastomer coating is 3mm; the mass ratio of components A and B of the drag-reducing coating is 5:1, and the number of brushing times of the drag-reducing coating is 5 times.
  • the ambient temperature is 30°C-32°C
  • the relative humidity is 50%-55%
  • the surface dry time of epoxy putty layer 2 is 48min
  • the surface dry time of epoxy resin layer 3 is 50min
  • the surface dry time of each layer of polyurea elastomer coating 4 is 23min.
  • the surface drying time of the drag reducing coating is 25 minutes.
  • a wear-resistant and drag-reducing coating material for the bottom of an airboat which uses an aluminum alloy plate 1 as a base and a drag-reducing coating 5 on the surface.
  • the aluminum alloy substrate 1 is a 5083-H116 plate with a thickness of 5mm; the mass ratio of components A and B of the drag-reducing coating is 5:1; - n-propoxyethanol.
  • the ambient temperature is 28°C-30°C
  • the relative humidity is 55%-60%
  • the surface drying time of the drag-reducing coating is 30 minutes.
  • Example 2 Example 3 Tensile strength/MPa 2 20 twenty two twenty four Tear strength/100N/mm 10 103 105 108 Adhesion to aluminum alloy/MPa 3 9 8 7.5 Abrasion/(750g/500r)/mg 3 6 5 5 coefficient of sliding friction 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14
  • the area of the boat bottom 6 in Examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example is the area covered by the coating.
  • the airboat is fast, light in weight, and has a shallow draft, and the effect of setting the drag-reducing coating on the side is limited; only setting the drag-reducing coating on the bottom is low in cost, and the loss of drag-reducing performance is small.
  • the environmental conditions for implementation are relatively low: the temperature is 15°C to 35°C, and the relative humidity is 20% to 70%.
  • the prepared coating has good mechanical properties, and when applied to the bottom of an airboat, it can have the effects of wear resistance, impact resistance and drag reduction at the same time, and the drag reduction coating has low wear and good economy.

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  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种空气艇及其加工方法，空气艇艇底采用铝合金制成，设置有减阻涂层；所述艇底的铝合金板与所述减阻涂层之间由内向外还依次设置有环氧腻子涂层、环氧树脂涂层和弹性涂层。本发明空气艇首先采用聚脲材料制作应变层，在应变层设置减阻涂层，不仅能够防止减阻涂层脱落，而且还降低了减阻涂层的阻力。

Description

一种空气艇及其加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及水上运输工具，具体涉及一种空气艇及加工方法。
背景技术
空气艇主要应用于浅水、泥质或砂石质浅滩、水生植物密集区、流冰区、冰面、冰水界面切换、雪地等复杂环境，因其使用环境的特殊性，其艇体多采用轻质高强度的铝合金材料进行加工，而降低艇底摩擦阻力来提高通过能力，提高艇底材料的耐磨度来提高艇体的使用寿命是空气艇技术的关键。目前，为解决此问题采用的方式主要有：(1)在铝合金底面涂覆减阻涂层，减阻涂层摩擦阻力小，可减小空气艇在复杂环境的行进阻力，但其缺点在于减阻涂层磨损量大，需短周期性补涂，经济性差，且只起减阻作用，影响艇底使用寿命；(2)采用金属基有机物复合耐磨材料加工艇底，此方式可提高艇底的耐磨性能，增强艇底使用寿命，但其缺点是采用复合材料加工艇底不利于艇底的焊接，影响艇体结构强度，且无法降低空气艇在复杂界面的行进阻力；(3)将超高分子聚乙烯(UHMWPE)板以螺钉连接的方式固定于艇底铝合金板表面，此方式可解决空气艇艇底的磨损及摩擦阻力大的问题，但其缺点在于UHMWPE板与铝合金板的粘接性差，只能采用螺钉连接，此连接方式安全性差，易发生UHMWPE板脱落艇底渗水的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构新颖独特，使用方便，并且能够有效降低艇底摩擦阻力的空气艇；具体技术方案为：
一种空气艇，艇底采用铝合金制成，设置有减阻涂层；所述艇底的铝合金板与所述减阻涂层之间由内向外还依次设置有环氧腻子涂层、环氧树脂涂层和弹性涂层。
进一步，所述弹性涂层由聚脲材料制成。
本发明还公开了上述空气艇的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将铝合金艇底表面进行打磨处理，去除铝合金板表面的氧化膜；
2)将环氧腻子的A、B组分按照质量比2.5～4.5：1的比例,以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，然后用混合后的环氧腻子在所述铝合金板表面上，制成0.3mm厚度的环氧腻子涂层，在通风避光处晾干；
3)待所述环氧腻子涂层处于表干状态时，将环氧树脂的A、B组分按照质量比2.0～3.0：1的比例，以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，用混合后的环氧树脂在所述环氧腻子涂层上，制成厚度约0.3mm的环氧树脂涂层，在通风避光处晾干；
4)待所述环氧树脂涂层处于表干状态时，将聚脲弹性体材料的A：B组分按照质量比2:1的比例，以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀；
5)用混合后的聚脲弹性体涂料在表干后的所述环氧树脂涂层上，制成厚度0.5mm聚脲弹性体单涂层，在通风避光处晾干；在单涂层表干后，在表干单涂层表面制作新的一层厚度0.5mm聚脲弹性体单涂层，直至聚脲弹性体涂层厚度达到1mm～4mm；
6)待所述聚脲弹性体涂层处于表干时，用带有丙酮的毛刷，均匀涂刷聚脲涂层表面；
7)将减阻涂料的A、B组分按照质量比5：1的比例，以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，然后向混合均匀的涂料中加入质量分数5％的2-正丙氧基乙醇，再次以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，制成减阻涂料；
8)待所述丙酮挥发后，用所述减阻涂料在所述聚脲弹性体涂层上，制成涂层厚度0.3mm的减阻单涂层，在通风避光处晾干，减阻单涂层表干后，制作新的一层厚度0.3mm的减阻单涂层，由3～5层减阻单涂层组成减阻涂层。
进一步，步骤5)和步骤8中相邻单层的加工方向相互垂直。
进一步，生产环境温度为15℃～35℃，相对湿度20％～70％。
本发明空气艇首先采用聚脲材料制作应变层，在应变层设置减阻涂层，不仅能够防止减阻涂层脱落，而且还降低了减阻涂层的阻力。上述方法制得的耐磨减阻涂层，对铝合金基体起到了较好的防护作用，提升了其耐磨度、抗冲击强度，同时降低了基体的摩擦阻力。其中，拉伸强度≥20MPa，撕裂强度≥100N/mm，与铝合金的附着力≥7MPa，磨耗量≤10(750g/500r)/mg，滑动摩擦系数≤0.2。
附图说明
图1为本发明空气艇艇底涂层结构示意图；
图2为本发明空气艇艇底涂层位置示意图。
图中：1、铝合金板；2、环氧腻子涂层；3、环氧树脂涂层；4、聚脲弹性体涂层；5、减阻涂层；6、艇底。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，对本发明作进一步解说。
下述实施例中将耐磨损、耐冲击的聚脲弹性体涂层，低摩擦系数的减阻涂层与空气艇的铝合金艇底结合，提高空气艇的艇底使用寿命，降低艇体在复杂环境下的行进阻力。
如图1所示，实施例1和2中空气艇以5083-H116铝合金板1为基底，环氧腻子涂层2为第一层结合剂，环氧树脂涂层3为第二层结合剂，聚脲弹性体涂层4为加强层，表层为减阻涂层5。在温度为20℃～35℃，相对湿度为20％～70％的室内环境下，采用刮涂各涂层涂料的方法，经过多次试验验证，最终获得的涂层，其强度≥20MPa，撕裂强度≥100N/mm， 附着力≥7MPa，磨耗量≤10(750g/500r)/mg，滑动摩擦系数≤0.2。
涂层应以侧舷、尾舷与艇底的焊接缝为边缘，覆盖整个艇底区域。涂层厚度不超过焊接缝凸起的高度；这样，可以借助焊接缝保护，避免涂层从边缘剥离脱落。
艇底的涂层可以采用现有技术进行加工：例如逐层喷涂、刮涂等方法。采用以下新的加工方式效果更好。
实施例中空气艇艇底的加工方法包括下述步骤：
(1)试验条件：温度15℃～35℃，相对湿度20％～70％。
(2)在(1)的条件下，用220目的砂纸(或同等粗糙度的打磨机)对5083-H116铝合金板表面进行均匀打磨处理，去掉铝合金板表面的氧化膜，打磨后进行下一道工序的时间间隔小于4h。
(3)将环氧腻子的A、B组分按照2.5～4.5：1的比例,以(100～500)r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，然后将混合后的环氧腻子涂料用不锈钢刮板均匀薄刮(涂层厚度约0.3mm)在步骤(2)打磨后的铝合金板上，在通风避光处晾干。
(4)待步骤(3)中的环氧腻子涂层处于表干状态时，将环氧树脂的A、B组分按照2.0～3.0：1的比例，以(100～500)r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，将混合后的环氧树脂用不锈钢刮板均匀薄刮(涂层厚度约0.3mm)在步骤(3)表干后的环氧腻子涂层上，在通风避光处晾干。
(5)待步骤(4)中的环氧树脂涂层处于表干状态时，将聚脲弹性体材料的A：B组分按照2:1的比例，以(100～500)r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，将混合后的聚脲弹性体涂料用不锈钢刮板均匀薄刮(涂层厚度约0.5mm)在步骤(4)表干后的环氧树脂涂层上，在通风避光处晾干，表干后，将刮板与第一遍刮涂的方向垂直，再次薄刮混合均匀的聚脲涂料，反复此操作至涂层厚度为1mm～4mm。
(6)待步骤(5)中的聚脲弹性体涂层达到目标厚度并处于表干时，用带有丙酮的毛刷，均匀涂刷聚脲涂层表面，待丙酮挥发后，将减阻涂料的A、B组分按照5：1的比例，以(100～500)r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，然后向混合均匀的涂料中加入质量分数5％的2-正丙氧基乙醇，再次以(100～500)r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，将混合后的减阻涂料用不锈钢刮板均匀薄刮(涂层厚度约0.3mm)在步骤(5)中目标厚度表干聚脲涂层上，在通风避光处晾干，表干后，将刮板与第一遍刮涂的方向垂直，再次薄刮混合均匀的减阻涂料，反复此操作3～5次。
本发明所用的材料中，A组分为主剂，B组分为固化剂，两组分的比为质量比。其中环氧腻子主剂为H07-5环氧酯腻子；环氧树脂主剂为E-52双酚A型环氧树脂；聚脲弹性体主剂为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI50)和颜料构成；减阻涂料主剂为进口Gatorglide品牌的G2型减阻涂料。
上述方法制得的耐磨减阻涂层，对铝合金基体起到了较好的防护作用，提升了其耐磨度、 抗冲击强度，同时降低了基体的摩擦阻力。其中，拉伸强度≥20MPa，撕裂强度≥100N/mm，与铝合金的附着力≥7MPa，磨耗量≤10(750g/500r)/mg，滑动摩擦系数≤0.2。
实施例1
一种用于空气艇艇底的耐磨减阻涂层材料，以铝合金板1为基底，环氧腻子2为第一层结合剂，环氧树脂3为第二层结合剂，聚脲弹性体涂层4为加强层，表层为减阻涂层5。
铝合金基板1为5083-H116、厚度5mm的板材；环氧腻子层2的A、B组分比例为质量比4：1；环氧树脂层3的A、B组分比例质量比为2.5：1；搅拌速度为400r/min，聚脲弹性体涂层的厚度为2mm；减阻涂料的A、B组分按照质量比5：1，减阻涂层的涂刷次数为3次。
环境温度28℃～30℃，相对湿度55％～60％，环氧腻子层2表干时间60min，环氧树脂层3表干时间60min，聚脲弹性体涂层4每层表干时间30min，减阻涂层表干时间30min。
实施例2
一种用于空气艇艇底的耐磨减阻涂层材料，以铝合金板1为基底，环氧腻子2为第一层结合剂，环氧树脂3为第二层结合剂，聚脲弹性体涂层4为加强层，表层为减阻涂层5。
铝合金基板1为5083-H116、厚度5mm的板材；环氧腻子层2的A、B组分比例为质量比4：1；环氧树脂层3的A、B组分比例为质量比2.5：1；搅拌速度为400r/min，聚脲弹性体涂层的厚度为2.5mm；减阻涂料的A、B组分按照质量比5：1；减阻涂层的涂刷次数为4次。
环境温度30℃～33℃，相对湿度58％～60％，环氧腻子层2表干时间50min，环氧树脂层3表干时间55min，聚脲弹性体涂层4每层表干时间25min，减阻涂层表干时间28min。
实施例3
一种用于空气艇艇底的耐磨减阻涂层材料，以铝合金板1为基底，环氧腻子2为第一层结合剂，环氧树脂3为第二层结合剂，聚脲弹性体涂层4为加强层，表层为减阻涂层5。
铝合金基板1为5083-H116、厚度5mm的板材；环氧腻子层2的A、B组分比例为质量比4：1；环氧树脂层3的A、B组分比例为质量比2.5：1；搅拌速度为400r/min，聚脲弹性体涂层的厚度为3mm；减阻涂料的A、B组分按照质量比5：1，减阻涂层的涂刷次数为5次。
环境温度30℃～32℃，相对湿度50％～55％，环氧腻子层2表干时间48min，环氧树脂层3表干时间50min，聚脲弹性体涂层4每层表干时间23min，减阻涂层表干时间25min。
对比例
一种用于空气艇艇底的耐磨减阻涂层材料，以铝合金板1为基底，表层为减阻涂层5。
铝合金基板1为5083-H116、厚度5mm的板材；减阻涂料的A、B组分按照质量比5：1；减阻涂层的涂刷次数为3次，其中减阻涂层不加入2-正丙氧基乙醇。
环境温度28℃～30℃，相对湿度55％～60％，减阻涂层表干时间30min。
将上述制备的耐磨减阻涂层自然状态下固化7天后，按照GB/T 16777-2008《建筑防水涂料试验方法》及GB/T 3960-2016《塑料滑动摩擦磨损试验方法》进行物理力学性能的测试，其表1给出了耐磨减阻涂层的一些基本性能测试结果。
表1耐磨减阻涂层的性能测试结果。
性能指标 对比例 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
拉伸强度/MPa 2 20 22 24
撕裂强度/100N/mm 10 103 105 108
与铝合金的附着力/MPa 3 9 8 7.5
磨耗量/(750g/500r)/mg 3 6 5 5
滑动摩擦系数 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14
通过测试发现，在环氧树脂涂层与减阻涂层之间增加聚脲弹性体涂层，不仅可以提高艇底拉伸强度、撕裂强度以及与铝合金的附着力；而且还能够降低滑动摩擦系数。
如图2所示，实施例1和2及对比例中艇底6的区域，即涂层覆盖区域。空气艇速度快，重量轻，吃水较浅，侧舷设置减阻涂层作用有限；仅在底部设置减阻涂层成本低，且减阻性能损失很小。
本发明的耐磨减阻涂层材料及其加工方法具有以下优点：
1)对实施环境条件要求较低：温度15℃～35℃，相对湿度20％～70％。
2)工艺简单，采用手刮(或手刷)的方式即可实现。
3)制得的涂层力学性能好，应用于空气艇艇底，可以同时起到耐磨、耐冲击及减阻的效果，且减阻涂层磨耗量低，经济性好。
4)涂层如局部遭破坏，可以采用局部补涂的方式，维护维修方便快捷。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何限制，凡是根据发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种空气艇，艇底采用铝合金制成，设置有减阻涂层；其特征在于，所述艇底的铝合金板与所述减阻涂层之间由内向外还依次设置有环氧腻子涂层、环氧树脂涂层和弹性涂层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的空气艇，其特征在于，所述弹性涂层由聚脲材料制成。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的空气艇的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    1)将铝合金艇底表面进行打磨处理，去除铝合金板表面的氧化膜；
    2)将环氧腻子的A、B组分按照质量比2.5～4.5：1的比例,以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，然后用混合后的环氧腻子在所述铝合金板表面上，制成0.3mm厚度的环氧腻子涂层，在通风避光处晾干；
    3)待所述环氧腻子涂层处于表干状态时，将环氧树脂的A、B组分按照质量比2.0～3.0：1的比例，以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，用混合后的环氧树脂在所述环氧腻子涂层上，制成厚度约0.3mm的环氧树脂涂层，在通风避光处晾干；
    4)待所述环氧树脂涂层处于表干状态时，将聚脲弹性体材料的A：B组分按照质量比2:1的比例，以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀；
    5)用混合后的聚脲弹性体涂料在表干后的所述环氧树脂涂层上，制成厚度0.5mm聚脲弹性体单涂层，在通风避光处晾干；在单涂层表干后，在表干单涂层表面制作新的一层厚度0.5mm聚脲弹性体单涂层，直至聚脲弹性体涂层厚度达到1mm～4mm；
    6)待所述聚脲弹性体涂层处于表干时，用带有丙酮的毛刷，均匀涂刷聚脲涂层表面；
    7)将减阻涂料的A、B组分按照质量比5：1的比例，以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，然后向混合均匀的涂料中加入质量分数5％的2-正丙氧基乙醇，再次以100～500r/min的搅拌速度混合均匀，制成减阻涂料；
    8)待所述丙酮挥发后，用所述减阻涂料在所述聚脲弹性体涂层上，制成涂层厚度0.3mm的减阻单涂层，在通风避光处晾干，减阻单涂层表干后，制作新的一层厚度0.3mm的减阻单涂层，由3～5层减阻单涂层组成减阻涂层。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的空气艇的加工方法，其特征在于，步骤5)和步骤8中相邻单层的加工方向相互垂直。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的空气艇的加工方法，其特征在于，生产环境温度为15℃～35℃，相对湿度20％～70％。
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