WO2023042891A1 - 表示体 - Google Patents
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- WO2023042891A1 WO2023042891A1 PCT/JP2022/034618 JP2022034618W WO2023042891A1 WO 2023042891 A1 WO2023042891 A1 WO 2023042891A1 JP 2022034618 W JP2022034618 W JP 2022034618W WO 2023042891 A1 WO2023042891 A1 WO 2023042891A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/24—Passports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to display bodies.
- This printed material comprises a base layer for displaying a first image provided on a substrate, a plurality of printing elements for displaying a second image disposed thereon, and and a plurality of shielding elements provided respectively to obscure them.
- This printed matter displays the first image when viewed from the front, and displays, for example, the second image when viewed obliquely.
- Patent Literature 2 describes another example of a printed matter in which halftone dots or lines are combined with unevenness to change the color or shape of an image according to changes in the viewing angle.
- a plurality of convex image lines having the same color as the base material and having a convex cross section perpendicular to the length direction are arranged in parallel lines on the base material. ing.
- a plurality of colored objects having the same length as the convex images and arranged at the same pitch as the convex images are formed. are arranged so as to overlap each other.
- Each colored image line includes latent image elements and camouflage elements arranged widthwise, each extending along its length.
- At least a portion of the latent image element exhibits a chromatic color and the remainder of the latent image element exhibits an achromatic color.
- the camouflage element included in each colored image presents a chromatic color complementary to the latent image element included in the colored image at locations where the latent image element included in the colored image presents a chromatic color. In a location where the underlying latent image element exhibits achromatic color, it exhibits a similar achromatic color as the latent image element.
- the colored image line is linear and the convex image line is made to meander, the amount of overlap between the colored image line and the convex image line changes depending on the location. Therefore, when viewed from an oblique direction, the magnitude of the influence of one of the latent image element and the camouflage element on the display changes from place to place.
- This printed matter can display a gradation display image as the visible image by utilizing this.
- Printed matter to which anti-counterfeiting technology is applied includes printed matter that changes gloss, brilliance, or color (hue) as the lighting direction or viewing direction changes.
- the production of such prints generally requires special processing. Therefore, according to this technique, the effect of preventing forgery and imitation can be obtained.
- This technique also has the effect of enhancing the marketability of the printed material by giving it a unique aesthetic appearance.
- Patent Document 3 Such technology is described, for example, in Patent Document 3.
- a reflective rainbow hologram is prepared by providing an uneven structure corresponding to light interference fringes and depositing metal such as aluminum thereon.
- a thermoplastic resin is applied to part or all of the printed material, and the deposition surface of the rainbow hologram is heated to press the deposition surface against the resin layer. After cooling the resin layer, the rainbow hologram is peeled off from the resin layer. Thus, a rainbow hologram is provided on the surface of the printed material.
- Patent Document 4 describes the following technology. First, printing is performed on a base material using colored ink to form a base layer for displaying arbitrary characters, patterns, and the like. Next, printing is performed on this base layer using a transparent ink to form a transparent layer having a line-shaped concave-convex structure on its surface. For example, flexographic printing or silk screen printing is used to form the transparent layer.
- the transparent layer protects the surface of the base layer.
- the line-shaped concave-convex structure provided on the surface of the transparent layer causes subtle changes in gloss depending on the viewing direction without hindering the visual recognition of the image displayed by the base layer. Such gloss adds a sense of luxury and interest to the printed matter.
- the concave-convex structure cannot be reproduced, so this technique is effective in preventing forgery.
- Patent Document 5 describes the following technology. First, a colored ink is printed on a substrate by offset printing. Next, a transparent resin is applied to the surface of the base material printed with the colored ink, and the transparent resin layer is semi-dried. Subsequently, the concave-convex structure is transferred to the surface of the transparent resin layer by pressure processing using a roll having a linear concave-convex structure on the outer peripheral surface. In this way prints are obtained which change in gloss, shine or shade with a change in illumination or viewing direction.
- the technology for forming a reflective rainbow hologram has the problem that the process is complicated and the manufacturing cost is relatively high.
- a substrate and a plurality of pixels arranged on the substrate are provided, the plurality of pixels are arranged in first and second directions that intersect with each other, and the first and second a dimension in each of the second directions is 440 ⁇ m or less, each of the plurality of pixels includes linear first to third regions each extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction; At least some of the plurality of pixels are provided with a first coloring line extending over the entire width of the first region and extending in the second direction, and at least some of the plurality of pixels are provided with the The second region is provided with a second coloring line that spreads over the entire width thereof, extends in the second direction, and exhibits a color different from that of the first coloring line, and at least part of the plurality of pixels includes: The third region is provided with a third coloring line that spreads over the entire width thereof, extends in the second direction, and exhibits a color different from that of the first and second coloring lines, and each of the plurality of pixels is ,
- Each of the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic average W AV 1 and the width W2 and the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic average W AV 1 and the width W3 has a ratio of 0 to the arithmetic average W AV 1.
- a display according to the above aspect is provided that is in the range of 20% to 20%.
- each of the plurality of pixels further includes a linear fourth region extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction with respect to the first to third regions. and at least some of the plurality of pixels include, in the fourth region, a fourth coloration line that spreads over the entire width thereof, extends in the second direction, and presents a color different from that of the first to third coloration lines.
- a display according to any of the above aspects is provided provided with colored lines.
- a substrate and a plurality of pixels arranged on the substrate are provided, the plurality of pixels are arranged in first and second directions that intersect with each other;
- Each dimension in each of first and second directions is 440 ⁇ m or less, and each of the plurality of pixels includes linear first to third regions each extending in the second direction and arranged in the first direction.
- the second region is provided with a second coloring line extending over the entire width of the second region and extending in the second direction and exhibiting a color different from that of the first coloring line; is provided in the third region with a third coloring line extending over the entire width thereof, extending in the second direction, and exhibiting a color different from that of the first and second coloring lines; At least part of the first region includes a first portion not provided with the first coloring line, or the second region includes a second portion not provided with the second coloring line Alternatively, the third region includes a third portion where the third coloring line is not provided, and extends in the second direction to one or more of the first to third portions, and the first to A fifth coloring line exhibiting a color different from that of the third coloring line is provided, and each of the plurality of pixels is different from one or more other pixels
- each of the first to third portions is provided with the fifth coloring line over the entire length thereof.
- the display according to the above aspect wherein at least some of the plurality of pixels are provided with the fifth coloring line only in part of the first to third portions. body is provided.
- At least some of the plurality of pixels are provided with the fifth coloring line only in some of the first to third portions, and A sixth coloring line that extends in the second direction and exhibits a color different from the first to third coloring lines and the fifth coloring line in a portion where the fifth coloring line is not provided among the portions.
- the dimension of the first coloring line in the second direction and the fifth coloring line provided in the first portion The sum of the dimensions of the coloring lines in the second direction, the dimensions of the second coloring lines in the second direction, and the dimensions of the fifth coloring lines provided in the second portion in the second direction. and the sum of the dimension in the second direction of the third coloring line and the dimension in the second direction of the fifth coloring line provided in the third portion are equal to each other Such a display is provided.
- pixels adjacent to each other in the first direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions
- the Adjacent ones in a second direction are provided with a display according to any one of the above aspects in which the first to third regions are arranged in the same order.
- pixels adjacent to each other in the first direction have the same arrangement order of the first to third regions, and among the plurality of pixels, , the display according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the arrangement order of the first to third areas is different from each other in the areas adjacent to each other in the second direction.
- a display according to any one of the aspects above wherein the width of the colored line is in the range of 2.0 to 100.0 ⁇ m.
- each of the coloring lines has a convex curved shape at a portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the second direction.
- a display according to any one of the aspects above wherein the height of the coloring line is within the range of 0.2 to 12.0 ⁇ m.
- a display according to any one of the above aspects wherein the root-mean-square roughness Rq of the colored line is 0.420 ⁇ m or less.
- the colored lines include a vapor deposited layer provided on at least a portion of a relief type diffraction grating.
- the plurality of pixels includes a relief structure forming layer having the relief type diffraction grating provided on one surface thereof, and the vapor deposition layer partially covering the relief type diffraction grating.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a display body according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 2 along line III-III.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV of the display shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a further enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body according to the first modified example.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along line VII--VII of the display shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body according to the second modification.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body according to the third modification.
- 10 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 along line XX.
- 11 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 taken along line XI--XI.
- 12 is a cross-sectional view along line XII-XII of the display shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a further enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body according to the fourth modification.
- 15 is a cross-sectional view along line XV-XV of the display shown in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view along line XVI--XVI of the display shown in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 14 taken along line XVII--XVII.
- 18 is a plan view showing a further enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body according to the fifth modification.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body according to the sixth modification.
- FIG. 23 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 24 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to Comparative Example 5.
- FIG. 25 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display according to Comparative Example 6.
- FIG. 26 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to Comparative Example 7.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Embodiments described below are more specific to any of the above aspects. The matters described below can be incorporated into each of the above aspects singly or in combination. Further, the embodiments shown below are examples of configurations for embodying the technical idea of the present invention. is not limited by Various modifications can be made to the technical idea of the present invention within the technical scope defined by the claims.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a display according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- 2 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 2 along line III-III.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line IV-IV of the display shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a further enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG.
- the display 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 is printed matter.
- the display 1 includes a substrate 10 and a plurality of pixels PX arranged thereon.
- the base material 10 may be any material as long as it is printable.
- the substrate 10 here is a film or plate.
- Substrate 10 may have other shapes as long as it has printable areas on its surface.
- the base material 10 includes a print area PR shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 on its surface.
- the print area PR has a rectangular shape, but the print area PR may have another shape.
- the print area PR is provided only on a part of one surface of the base material 10, but the print area PR may be provided on the entire one surface of the base material 10.
- the base material 10 includes one print area PR, but the base material 10 may include a plurality of print areas PR.
- the print area PR is provided only on one side of the base material 10 here, the print area PR may be provided on both sides of the base material 10 .
- the pixels PX are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction on the print area PR.
- the X and Y directions are respectively the first and second directions that cross each other.
- the X and Y directions are parallel to the surface to be printed of the substrate 10 and are now orthogonal.
- the X and Y directions may be diagonally intersecting directions.
- the Z direction is a direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions, and is the thickness direction of the substrate 10 here.
- the pixels PX are equal in shape and size.
- the pixel PX has a substantially square shape.
- the pixels PX may have other shapes.
- each pixel PX may have a rectangular shape.
- each pixel PX may have a shape in which three or four rectangles are arranged in the lengthwise direction of the short sides and the positions of adjacent rectangles are shifted in the lengthwise direction of the long sides.
- the pixel PX has a dimension or period of 440 ⁇ m or less in each of the X and Y directions. That is, the pixel PX has dimensions W and L shown in FIG. 5 each of which is 440 ⁇ m or less. When these dimensions are increased, the resolution decreases, and when the display 1 is observed with the naked eye, each of the one or more pixels PX can be visually recognized as distinct from other adjacent pixels PX.
- the dimensions of the pixel PX in each of the X and Y directions are preferably 440.0 ⁇ m or less. Also, the dimensions of the pixel PX in each of the X and Y directions are preferably 6.0 ⁇ m or more.
- Each pixel PX includes a first region R1, a second region R2 and a third region R3.
- the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 are linear regions each extending in the Y direction and arranged in the X direction.
- the first region R1 has a dimension W1 in the X direction and a dimension LR in the Y direction.
- the second region R2 has a dimension W2 in the X direction and a dimension LR in the Y direction.
- the third region R3 has a dimension W3 in the X direction and a dimension LR in the Y direction.
- Dimensions W1, W2 and W3 may be equal to or different from each other.
- the dimensions W1, W2 and W3 are hereinafter sometimes referred to as widths W1, W2 and W3, respectively.
- At least a part of the pixel PX is provided with a first coloring line PL1 extending over the entire width of the first region R1 and extending in the Y direction.
- the second region R2 is provided with a second coloring line PL2 that spreads over the entire width thereof, extends in the Y direction, and presents a color different from that of the first coloring line PL1.
- the third region R3 there is provided a third coloring line extending over the entire width of the pixel PX, extending in the Y direction, and exhibiting a color different from that of the first coloring line PL1 and the second coloring line PL2.
- a color line PL3 is provided.
- the array of pixels PX includes an array of first coloring lines PL1, an array of second coloring lines PL2, and an array of third coloring lines PL3.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 each have a linear shape extending in the Y direction, and present different colors.
- Each of the first coloring lines PL1 is positioned within one of the first regions R1 of the pixel PX.
- each of the second coloring lines PL2 is positioned within any second region R2 of the pixel PX.
- Each of the third coloring lines PL3 is positioned within any third region R3 of the pixel PX.
- all colored lines are printed lines. That is, each colored line is formed by printing ink.
- all the pixels PX are provided with the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- One or more pixels PX may not include one or more of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- the dimension of the first coloring lines PL1 in the X direction that is, the width W1P is constant in the Y direction.
- the first coloring lines PL1 included in different pixels PX have the same width W1P.
- the width W1P of the first coloring line PL1 is equal to the dimension W1.
- the dimension of the second coloring lines PL2 in the X direction that is, the width W2P is constant in the Y direction.
- the second coloring lines PL2 included in different pixels PX have the same width W2P.
- the width W2P of the second coloring line PL2 is equal to the dimension W2.
- the dimension of the third coloring lines PL3 in the X direction that is, the width W3P is constant in the Y direction.
- the third coloring lines PL3 included in different pixels PX have the same width W3P.
- W3P of the third colored line PL3 is equal to dimension W3.
- the width W1P of the first coloring line PL1, the width W2P of the second coloring line PL2, and the width W3P of the third coloring line PL3 are preferably in the range of 2 to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 2 to 50 ⁇ m. more preferably within It is difficult to form a colored line with a small width and a large height with high shape accuracy. Increasing the width of the colored lines shortens the distance between adjacent colored lines in the X direction.
- Widths W1P, W2P and W3P are preferably approximately equal to one another. That is, widths W1, W2 and W3 are preferably substantially equal to each other.
- Each of the absolute values preferably has a ratio to the arithmetic mean W AV 1 within the range of 0 to 20%. When this ratio is small, the observer can perceive a change in gloss when the observation direction is changed from the Z direction to the oblique direction perpendicular to the Y direction.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the colored line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the line has a convex curved shape. This shape is advantageous in making the observer feel that the portion of the display 1 corresponding to the print area PR has a strong glossiness.
- the height H1 of the first coloring lines PL1 is constant in the Y direction.
- the first coloring lines PL1 included in different pixels PX have the same height H1.
- the height H2 of the second coloring lines PL2 is constant in the Y direction.
- the second coloring lines PL2 included in different pixels PX have the same height H2.
- the height H3 of the third coloring lines PL3 is constant in the Y direction.
- the third coloring lines PL3 included in different pixels PX have the same height H3.
- the height H1 of the first coloring line PL1, the height H2 of the second coloring line PL2, and the height H3 of the third coloring line PL3 are preferably in the range of 0.2 to 12 ⁇ m, More preferably, it is in the range of 0.5 to 12 ⁇ m. If the height of the colored line is small, fine unevenness is likely to occur on the surface of the colored line due to particles contained in the colored line. When the height of the colored line is large, the presence of the colored line is easily visible.
- the colored lines exhibiting the same color have substantially similar cross-sectional shapes perpendicular to the length direction.
- the root-mean-square roughness Rq of the colored line is preferably 0.420 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or less. A small surface roughness is advantageous in making the observer feel a strong glossy feeling.
- the root-mean-square roughness Rq of the colored line is 0 or more, and according to one example, 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
- the root-mean-square roughness Rq of the colored line is obtained by the following method. First, information on the three-dimensional properties of the printed surface of the display 1 is acquired using a laser microscope. Next, the height of the printing region PR is set to 0, the position of the colored line with the highest height is specified, and the height of the colored line at that position is set to 100. A portion of the three-dimensional structure reproduced from the information on the three-dimensional properties and having a height within the range of 20 to 100 is specified. An average shape cross section is obtained from the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction of these parts, this average shape cross section is fitted to each part specified above, the difference between them is obtained, and the above surface properties is transformed into a planar surface texture.
- the root-mean-square roughness Rq is the arithmetic mean of the values obtained at ten measurement positions.
- Each pixel PX has a dimension L1 in the Y direction of the first coloring line PL1, a dimension L2 in the Y direction of the second coloring line PL2, and a dimension L2 in the Y direction of the third coloring line PL3.
- One or more dimensions L3 in the Y direction are different. That is, each pixel PX differs from one or more other pixels PX in the area of one or more of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the pixels PX differs from one or more other pixels PX in the color produced by mixing the colors of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3.
- the display 1 displays a gradation display image at the position of the print area PR.
- the outline of the pixel PX indicated by the dashed lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a virtual one specified from the arrangement of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- the outline of the pixel PX exists, but the actual display 1 may or may not have a structure corresponding to the outline of the pixel PX. .
- the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 indicated by dashed lines in FIGS. 2 and 5 are imaginary ones specified from the arrangement of the first to third coloring lines. be.
- the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 exist, but the actual display body 1 includes the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3. It may or may not have a structure corresponding to the contour of the three regions R3.
- the outline of the pixel PX and the outlines of the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 are specified, for example, by the following method.
- the shape, size, and position of the one having the largest dimension in the Y direction are compared with the shape, size, and position of the first region R1 in which the first coloring line PL1 is provided. do.
- the shape, size and position of the first regions R1 specified in this way and the period of the pixels PX in the X and Y directions obtained as described above identify. Also, in the same way, the shape, size and position are specified for all of the second region R2 and the third region R3. Then, a plurality of unit regions each made up of one first region R1, one second region R2, and one third region R3 are identified, and positions equidistant from the adjacent unit regions are identified as pixels PX. Position the contour. In this way, the outline of the pixel PX and the outlines of the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 can be identified.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to a first modification.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view along line VII--VII of the display shown in FIG.
- the display 1A shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is similar to the display 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, except that adjacent colored lines in the X direction are spaced apart from each other. . If adjacent colored lines are in contact with each other, it is difficult to form the colored lines with high shape accuracy. Therefore, adjacent colored lines in the X direction are preferably non-overlapping and more preferably spaced apart from each other.
- the distance between the coloring lines adjacent in the X direction for example, the distance D12 between the first coloring line PL1 and the second coloring line PL2 adjacent in the X direction, the second coloring line adjacent in the X direction
- the distance D23 between the color line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3, the third coloring line PL3 included in a certain pixel PX, and the first coloring line PL3 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the X direction are
- the distance from the color line PL1 is preferably greater than 0, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the distance between adjacent colored lines in the X direction is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less. Increasing this distance reduces the image density.
- dimension L is preferably smaller than dimension LR.
- the difference between dimension LR and dimension L is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to a second modification.
- a display 1B shown in FIG. 8 is the same as the display 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 except that the following configuration is adopted.
- each pixel PX further includes the fourth region R4.
- the fourth region R4 extends in the Y direction.
- the fourth region R4 is arranged in the X direction with respect to the first region R1, second region R2, and third region R3.
- the dimensions, shapes and arrangements described above for the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 may also apply to the fourth region R4.
- the array of pixels PX further includes an array of fourth coloring lines PL4.
- the fourth coloring line PL4 extends in the Y direction and exhibits a color different from that of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- a fourth coloring line PL4 is provided in a fourth region R4 in at least a portion of the pixel PX.
- the fourth coloring line PL4 is a printing line. The size, shape and arrangement described above for the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3 can also be applied to the fourth coloring line PL4.
- Each of the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 2 and the width W2, the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 2 and the width W3, and the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 2 and the width W4 is an arithmetic
- the ratio to average W AV 2 is in the range of 0 to 20%.
- the distance between adjacent colored lines is preferably within the range described with reference to the display 1A.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display according to a third modification.
- 10 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 along line XX.
- 11 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 9 taken along line XI--XI.
- 12 is a cross-sectional view along line XII-XII of the display shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a further enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG. 9.
- a display 1C shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 is the same as the display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, except that the following configuration is adopted.
- the display body 1C at least a part of the pixel PX includes the first region R1 including the first portion where the first coloring line PL1 is not provided, or the second coloring line PL2 is not provided.
- the second region R2 includes the second portion, or the third region R3 includes the third portion where the third coloring line PL3 is not provided.
- one or more of the first to third portions extend over the entire width thereof and extend in the Y direction, which is the second direction.
- a fifth coloring line is provided that exhibits a color different from that of the coloring line PL3.
- the fifth colored line is the printed line.
- the one provided in the first portion is the fifth coloring line PL5A
- the one provided in the second portion is the fifth coloring line PL5B.
- provided in the third portion is the fifth coloring line PL5C.
- the first coloring line PL1 and the fifth coloring line PL5A are provided in the first region R1
- the first coloring line PL1 and the fifth coloring line PL5A are arranged in the Y direction.
- the second coloring line PL2 and the fifth coloring line PL5B are provided in the second region R2
- the second coloring line PL2 and the fifth coloring line PL5B are arranged in the Y direction.
- the third coloring line PL3 and the fifth coloring line PL5C are arranged in the Y direction.
- the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B and PL5C exhibit colors equal to each other. This color is different from the colors exhibited by the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- the fifth coloring line is provided over the entire first to third portions. That is, the fifth coloring line PL5A is provided over the entire first portion, the fifth coloring line PL5B is provided over the entire second portion, and the fifth coloring line PL5C is provided over the entire third portion.
- the dimension in the Y direction of the first coloring line PL1 and the dimension in the Y direction of the fifth coloring line PL5A provided in the first portion The sum of the dimensions, the sum of the dimensions in the Y direction of the second coloring line PL2 and the dimensions in the Y direction of the fifth coloring line PL5B provided in the second portion, and the Y direction of the third coloring line PL3 and the total of the dimension in the Y direction of the fifth coloring line PL5C provided in the third portion are equal to each other.
- the dimensions, shapes and arrangements described above for the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3 can also be applied to the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B and PL5C.
- Each of the absolute value of the difference between AV 1 and the width W2 and the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 1 and the width W3 has a ratio to the arithmetic mean W AV 1 within the range of 0 to 20%.
- the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic average W AV 1 and the width W5A of the fifth coloring line located in the first region R1, the arithmetic average W AV 1 and the second region R2 of the fifth coloring line , and the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 1 and the width W5C of the fifth colored line positioned in the third region R3 is the arithmetic mean
- the ratio to W AV 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%.
- Each of the pixels PX has the dimension of the first coloring line PL1 in the Y direction, the dimension of the second coloring line PL2 in the Y direction, and the third coloring line PL3 in the Y direction. One or more of the dimensions are different. Further, each of the pixels PX differs from one or more other pixels PX in the total area of the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B and PL5C. The display 1C thereby displays a gradation display image.
- the display 1C further includes the fifth coloring line, the range of reproducible colors is wider than that of the display 1A.
- the first coloring line PL1 is made of cyan ink
- the second coloring line PL2 is made of magenta ink
- the third coloring line PL3 is made of yellow ink
- the fifth coloring line PL3 is made of yellow ink.
- the display 1C can display a gradation display image with a high contrast ratio.
- the distance between adjacent colored lines is preferably within the range described with reference to the display 1A.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to a fourth modification.
- 15 is a cross-sectional view along line XV-XV of the display shown in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view along line XVI--XVI of the display shown in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the display shown in FIG. 14 taken along line XVII--XVII.
- 18 is a plan view showing a further enlarged part of the display body shown in FIG. 14.
- a display 1D shown in FIGS. 14 to 18 is the same as the display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 except that the following configuration is adopted.
- the pixels PX are provided with the fifth coloring line only in a portion of the above-described first to third portions.
- the fifth coloring line PL5A is provided only in part of the first portion.
- the fifth coloring line PL5B is provided only in part of the second portion.
- the fifth coloring line PL5C is provided only in part of the third portion.
- the dimension in the Y direction of the first coloring line PL1 and the fifth color line provided in the first portion The sum of the Y-direction dimension of the coloring line PL5A, the sum of the Y-direction dimension of the second coloring line PL2 and the Y-direction dimension of the fifth coloring line PL5B provided in the second portion, and the second The sum of the dimension in the Y direction of the three coloring lines PL3 and the dimension in the Y direction of the fifth coloring line PL5C provided in the third portion is equal to each other.
- the brightness of each pixel PX can change according to the difference between the total area of the first to third portions and the total area of the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C. . Therefore, the display 1D has a higher degree of freedom regarding image expression than the display 1C.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to a fifth modification.
- a display 1E shown in FIG. 19 is the same as the display 1D described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 except that the following configuration is adopted.
- the display body 1E at least part of the pixels PX are provided with the fifth coloring line only in part of the first to third parts, and the fifth coloring line is provided in the first to third parts.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C extend over the entire width thereof and extend in the Y direction.
- a sixth coloring line PL6A is provided in a portion of the first portion where the fifth coloring line PL5A is not provided.
- a sixth coloring line PL6B is provided in a portion of the second portion where the fifth coloring line PL5B is not provided.
- a sixth coloring line PL6C is provided in a portion of the third portion where the fifth coloring line PL5C is not provided.
- the sixth colored lines PL6A, PL6B and PL6C are printed lines.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B and PL6C exhibit colors equal to each other. This color is different from the colors exhibited by the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B and PL5C.
- the first coloring line PL1 is made of ink that exhibits any one of cyan, magenta, and yellow
- the second coloring line PL2 is made of ink that exhibits one of cyan, magenta, and yellow.
- the third coloring line PL3 consists of inks showing the remaining one color of cyan, magenta and yellow
- the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B and PL5C consist of inks showing black.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B and PL6C are made of white ink.
- the dimensions, shapes and arrangements described above for the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3 can also be applied to the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B and PL6C.
- Each of the absolute value of the difference between AV 1 and the width W2 and the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 1 and the width W3 has a ratio to the arithmetic mean W AV 1 within the range of 0 to 20%.
- the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic average W AV 1 and the width W6A of the sixth coloring line located in the first region R1, the arithmetic average W AV 1 and the second region R2 of the sixth coloring line , and the absolute value of the difference between the arithmetic mean W AV 1 and the width W6C of the sixth colored line positioned in the third region R3 is the arithmetic mean
- the ratio to W AV 1 is in the range of 0 to 20%.
- the display 1D described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 does not include the sixth coloring line. Therefore, for example, when the substrate 10 has visible light transmittance, an object located on the back side of the display 1D affects the image displayed by the display 1D in the print area PR. Further, when the base material 10 is non-transmissive to visible light, the surface of the base material 10 may affect the image displayed by the display 1D in the print area PR.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B and PL6C included in the display 1E can reduce the above effects.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing an enlarged part of a display body according to a sixth modification.
- the display 1F shown in FIG. 20 is the same as the display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 except that the following configuration is adopted.
- the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 is the same among the pixels PX that are adjacent in the X direction.
- the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3 is different from each other.
- the pixels PX each extend in the X direction and form a plurality of pixel row groups arranged in the Y direction.
- Each pixel column group consists of first to third columns each extending in the X direction and arranged in the Y direction.
- Each of the first to third columns consists of a plurality of pixels PX arranged in the X direction.
- the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 are arranged in this order in the X direction.
- the third region R3, the first region R1 and the second region R2 are arranged in this order in the X direction.
- the pixels PX included in the third column the second region R2, the third region R3 and the first region R1 are arranged in this order in the X direction.
- the display 1F adopting such a configuration can also display a gradation display image similar to that of the display 1A.
- adjacent colored lines in the X direction may be in contact with each other.
- first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 those adjacent to each other in the X direction are separated from each other, and the fifth coloring lines PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C are separated from each other by the X direction.
- Directionally adjacent ones may be in contact with each other.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 the ones adjacent to each other in the X direction are separated from each other, and the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C are separated from each other.
- Adjacent ones in the X direction may be in contact with each other.
- the fifth color lines PL5A, PL5B and PL5C are of the same color, they may partially overlap.
- Each of the differences from the width W5C of the line PL5C preferably has a ratio to the arithmetic mean W AV 1 within the range of -20 to 34%.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B and PL6C are also of the same color, they may partially overlap.
- Each of the differences of line PL6C from width W6C is preferably in the range of -20 to 34% in ratio to arithmetic mean W AV 1 .
- the display elements 1 and 1C to 1E may adopt the arrangement order described above for the display element 1F. That is, in the display bodies 1 and 1C to 1E, among the pixels PX, the pixels PX that are adjacent in the X direction have the same arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, and the third region R3. , adjacent in the Y direction, the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2 and the third region R3 may be different from each other. In the display body 1B, among the pixels PX, the pixels PX that are adjacent in the X direction have the same arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4. Among them, the arrangement order of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3 and the fourth region R4 may be different from each other in the regions adjacent to each other in the Y direction.
- the display body 1B a first portion of the first region R1 in which the first coloring line PL1 is not provided, a second portion of the second region R2 in which the second coloring line PL2 is not provided, In each of the third portion of the third region R3 where the third coloring line PL3 is not provided and the fourth portion of the fourth region R4 where the fourth coloring line PL4 is not provided, the display body 1E You may provide the 6th coloring line mentioned above about.
- the display members 11A to 1F described above can be obtained by forming pixels PX on the substrate 10 using a printing method. .
- a printing method a known method can be applied. Intaglio printing represented by gravure printing is preferred, and gravure offset printing is particularly preferred.
- the device used for printing may also be a known device.
- a printing apparatus having a metal intaglio plate having grooves corresponding to coloring lines on its surface can be used.
- Gravure offset printing is also called intaglio offset printing.
- Gravure offset printing uses a gravure plate (intaglio plate) in which recesses corresponding to a printing pattern are formed, a doctor blade that fills the recesses of the gravure plate with ink, and a blanket whose surface is made of, for example, silicone rubber.
- ink is transferred from the recesses of the gravure plate to the blanket.
- a substrate is supplied to face the blanket and pressed against it to transfer the ink on the blanket to the substrate.
- This drying step may be performed every one print cycle, or may be performed multiple times, for example, every 5 to 20 print cycles.
- the ink transferred onto the substrate is cured by heating, for example, by applying hot air or irradiating infrared rays.
- the ink transferred onto the substrate is cured by irradiation with light, or cured by standing still for several days.
- a printed pattern is formed on the substrate in the manner described above.
- Gravure plates and blankets may be flat or cylindrical.
- High productivity can be achieved by using a plate cylinder as a gravure plate and a blanket cylinder made by covering the surface of a highly rigid cylinder such as a metal cylinder with a blanket material as a blanket. .
- blanket materials include elastic materials such as silicone resin, fluororesin, urethane resin, synthetic rubber, and natural rubber.
- silicone resins such as silicone rubber are preferable because they have high durability and oil resistance, and have sufficient elasticity and moderate stiffness.
- a blanket cylinder whose blanket material is made of a silicone resin such as silicone rubber is particularly suitable for gravure offset printing on a hard substrate.
- a composite material obtained by forming a layer made of an elastic material such as a silicone rubber layer on a plastic film such as a polyester film and winding the resulting composite material around a cylindrical body can also be used.
- this printing method for example, it is possible to form colored lines having a large height-to-width ratio and a smooth surface on a substrate with high accuracy in shape and position.
- the substrate 10 can be paper, a polymer film, a glass plate, a metal plate, or a composite containing one or more thereof. From the viewpoint of the visibility of the image displayed by the printed pattern, the printed surface of the substrate 10 is preferably made of paper or plastic.
- the base material 103 may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 3 mm or less, but is not limited to this. Also, the length of the long side of the base material 103 can be 3 cm or more and 3 m or less, but is not limited to this.
- Examples of paper that can be used for the base material 10 include various papers that are used for general publication displays and advertisements and that have excellent surface properties. Such paper is, for example, mirror coated paper, coated paper, art paper, woodfree paper, or the like, but may also be carton paper or paperboard used for packaging materials. Synthetic papers such as YUPO (registered trademark) available from Yupo Corporation and Peach Coat (registered trademark) available from Daio-Postal Chemical Co., Ltd. are also preferred because of their low stretchability.
- Synthetic papers such as YUPO (registered trademark) available from Yupo Corporation and Peach Coat (registered trademark) available from Daio-Postal Chemical Co., Ltd. are also preferred because of their low stretchability.
- a polymer film that can be used for the substrate 10 can be a plastic film.
- the plastic film can be a cast film.
- plastic films are polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene; cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate butyrate; Cellulose esters or their derivatives such as cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate phthalate, and cellulose nitrate; polyvinylidene chloride; polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene vinyl alcohol; syndiotactic polystyrene; polyethersulfone (PES); polyphenylene sulfide; polysulfones; polyetherimide; polyetherketoneimide; polyarylate;
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- the glass plate that can be used for the substrate 10 can be a glass plate made of soda lime glass, barium-strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, or quartz glass. .
- a metal plate that can be used for the base material 10 can be a copper plate, a brass plate, an aluminum plate, an aluminum alloy plate, a stainless steel plate, or a steel plate. These metal plates are preferably rolled plates.
- the inks used to form the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, and the third coloration line PL3 are, for example, the three primary colors of subtractive color mixture, that is, cyan, Inks exhibiting magenta and yellow colors.
- the inks used to form the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, and the third coloration line PL3 are three additive primary colors. That is, inks exhibiting red, green and blue colors.
- the inks used for forming the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, the third coloration line PL3, and the fourth coloration line PL4 are cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
- the inks used for forming the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 are inks exhibiting magenta and yellow colors
- the fifth coloring line The ink used for forming PL5A, PL5B and PL5C is black ink.
- the inks used for forming the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 are inks exhibiting magenta and yellow colors
- the fifth coloring line The ink used to form PL5A, PL5B, and PL5C is a black ink
- the ink used to form the sixth coloring lines PL6A, PL6B, and PL6C is a white ink.
- the ink used to form each colored line may exhibit other colors.
- ink offset ink, letterpress ink, gravure ink, etc. can be used depending on the printing method used.
- examples of the ink include oxidation polymerization ink, permeation drying ink, evaporation drying ink, and ultraviolet curing ink, depending on the drying method.
- Functional inks that change color depending on the illumination or viewing angle may be used. Such functional inks include, for example, Optical Variable Inks, color shifting inks and pearl inks.
- Ink contains a coloring material and a vehicle.
- the ink can further include additives.
- Colorants are pigments, dyes, or combinations thereof.
- the dyes can be acid dyes, basic dyes, solvent dyes, disperse dyes, or combinations of two or more thereof.
- Pigments can be inorganic pigments, organic pigments, or a combination thereof.
- Inorganic pigments are metal particles, oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, selenides, ferrocyanides, chromates, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, or particles composed of carbon, two of which It can be a particle comprising any of the above, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- the oxide can be titanium dioxide, zinc white (zinc oxide), or iron black (black iron oxide).
- the organic pigment can be a carbon compound, a nitroso-based compound, a nitro-based compound, an azo-based compound, a lake-based compound, a phthalocyanine-based compound, or a condensed polycyclic material.
- a carbon compound a nitroso-based compound, a nitro-based compound, an azo-based compound, a lake-based compound, a phthalocyanine-based compound, or a condensed polycyclic material.
- disazo yellow, brilliant carmine, and phthalocyanine blue can be used as organic pigments.
- a fluorescent pigment, a phosphorescent pigment, a quantum dot, or a combination of two or more thereof can be used as the pigment or dye.
- the ink may contain a conductive material for the purpose of imparting conductivity to the printed pattern.
- conductive materials include metal particles, metal nanowires, conductive metal oxide particles, conductive polymer particles, and combinations of two or more thereof.
- conductive polymers include conductive polyaniline, conductive polypropyrrole, and conductive polythiophenes, such as complexes of polyethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonic acid.
- a vehicle is a medium that disperses the colorant.
- the vehicle contains at least one of oil and resin.
- the oil can be vegetable oil, processed oil, mineral oil, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- Resins can be natural resins, natural product derivatives, synthetic resins, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
- the vehicle contains a curable material that hardens into a solid as at least part of the oil or resin described above.
- the curable material can be a relatively low molecular weight curable compound or resin such as epoxy resins and polyfunctional acrylic monomers or oligomers. It is also possible to use mixtures thereof. Oils may include those that do not have functional groups that give rise to curability.
- oils and resins are polyesters, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with other monomers containing unsaturated double bonds, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate.
- Copolymers homopolymers of (meth)acrylic acid esters, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid esters with other unsaturated double bond-containing monomers, polystyrene, styrene and other unsaturated double bond-containing monomers , ketone-formaldehyde condensates or hydrogenated products thereof, epoxy resins, phenoxy resins, polyvinyl acetals or copolymers thereof, polyurethanes, polyureas, and polyamides. These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- oils and resins include the same polymers as above except that they have curable functional groups on side chains or terminals.
- Polyhydric alcohols, epoxy resins, glycidyl compounds, polyvalent carboxylic acids, or (meth)acrylate monomers or oligomers are particularly preferred as curable compounds or curable resins.
- the compounds described above for the oil and resin can be used alone, or two or more of them can be used in combination.
- the vehicle can further contain solvents such as organic solvents.
- the organic solvent can be a hydrocarbon solvent, an alcohol solvent, a glycol ether or glycol ester solvent, a terpene solvent, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- hydrocarbon solvents include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, octadecane, heptamethylnonane, tetramethylpentadecane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, tridecane, methylpentane, normal paraffin, and isoparaffin.
- cyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as toluene and xylene
- cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon compounds such as pinene, turpentine, menthane, pinane, terpene, and cyclohexane; and combinations of two or more thereof.
- alcohol solvents include aliphatic alcohols such as heptanol, octanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, tetradecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, octadecyl alcohol, hexadecenol, and oleyl alcohol.
- cycloaliphatic alcohols such as cyclohexanol, cresol, eugenol, myrtenol, sobrerol, menthol, carveol, perillyl alcohol, pinocarbeol, sobrerol, verbenol and terpene alcohols, monoterpene alcohols such as terpineol and dihydroterpineol
- polyhydric alcohols such as diols and triols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 1,2-hexanediol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 3-methyl-1,5- pentanediol, 2,4-diethyl
- glycol ether or glycol ester solvents examples include tripropylene glycol-n-butyl ether, butyl carbitol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, di propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and combinations of two or more thereof including.
- At least part of the solvent can be a solvent with a low boiling point that volatilizes at room temperature, such as methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, and acetone.
- a solvent with a low boiling point that volatilizes at room temperature such as methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, and acetone.
- water such as purified water can be used as at least part of the solvent.
- the ink can further contain additives.
- additives include waxes, plasticizers, drying aids, surfactants, gelling agents, stabilizers, defoamers, and combinations of two or more thereof.
- the size of the solid material contained in the ink should be smaller than the width and height of the colored line, and is preferably half or less than the height of the colored line.
- the proportion of solid content in the ink is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more. When this ratio is large, the flow of ink during transfer is suppressed, which is advantageous for forming colored lines with high shape accuracy.
- first light the light reflected by the surface of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, or the third coloring line PL3 is referred to as first light.
- first coloring line PL1 the first coloring line PL1
- second coloring line PL2 the third coloring line PL3
- second light The light transmitted again through PL2 or the third color line PL3 is referred to as second light.
- the first light is white light.
- the intensity of the first light emitted in a certain direction by each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is affected by the illumination direction and the surface shape of the coloring line. effect.
- each coloring line emits the first light under the above lighting conditions.
- the direction of movement is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the coloring line, that is, the Y direction, over its entire length.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the first coloring line PL1 among the contours of the sections perpendicular to the Y direction of each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is a convex curve. , the direction in which each of these colored lines emits the first light spreads in a plane perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the second light is colored light.
- the intensity of the second light is not greatly affected by the illumination direction when the surface of the base material 10 is uneven, such as when the base material 10 is paper. Moreover, the intensity of the second light is hardly affected by the surface shapes of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction of each colored line is a convex curved line
- the first light emitted by each colored line and the first light The intensity ratio between the two lights is substantially constant within a relatively wide range of angles in the plane perpendicular to the Y direction. Therefore, under the lighting conditions described above, an observer observing the display 1 from a direction perpendicular to the Y direction will see that the display 1 is glossy if the intensity of the first light is sufficiently high. Recognize that you have feelings.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 contribute to the glossiness. Therefore, for example, when the surface of the base material 10 does not allow the observer to perceive glossiness, the observer perceives a strong glossiness in a region with high image density and a low glossiness in a region with low image density. Perceive glossiness or not perceive glossiness.
- the display 1 has a glossy feel that an observer can feel when the observation direction is perpendicular to the Y direction and inclined with respect to the X direction. is the Z direction, or is perpendicular to the X direction and tilted with respect to the Y direction.
- the distances between the center lines of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 that are adjacent in the X direction are substantially equal, the reflected light from these coloring lines undergoes constructive interference or destructive interference can occur. Therefore, in this case, when the observation direction is changed from the Z direction to the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and inclined to the X direction, the wavelengths causing constructive and destructive interference change. Such a change does not occur even if the viewing direction is changed from the Z direction to a direction perpendicular to the X direction and tilted with respect to the Y direction.
- the display 1 has a glossy feel that the observer can feel when the viewing direction is perpendicular to the Y direction and inclined with respect to the X direction, and a glossiness when the viewing direction is the Z direction. , the gloss that the observer can feel when the direction is perpendicular to the X direction and inclined with respect to the Y direction.
- the colored lines can be separated from each other, so high positional accuracy is not required. And the display 1 can be manufactured without a complicated process.
- the display 1 has a high anti-counterfeiting effect, does not require extremely high positional accuracy for manufacturing, and can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of a display according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- a display 1G shown in FIG. 21 is the same as the display 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 except that the following structure is adopted. That is, the display 1G further includes a light scattering layer 11, a transparent layer 12, a relief structure forming layer 22, a vapor deposition layer, and an adhesive layer .
- the light scattering layer 11 is provided on the back surface of the base material 10 .
- the light scattering layer 11 is made of, for example, a mixture containing transparent particles and a transparent resin having a different refractive index.
- the light scattering layer 11 enhances the visibility of a gradation display image displayed by an aggregate of colored lines when the substrate 10 is transparent, for example.
- the light scattering layer 11 can be omitted.
- the transparent layer 12 faces the substrate 10 with a colored line or the like interposed therebetween.
- the surface of the transparent layer 12 constitutes the front surface of the display 1G.
- the transparent layer 12 is made of transparent resin, for example.
- a transparent layer 12 protects the colored lines from damage.
- the transparent layer 12 can be omitted.
- the relief structure forming layer 22 is interposed between the base material 10 and the transparent layer 12 .
- the relief structure forming layer 22 is made of transparent resin.
- a relief type diffraction grating is provided as a relief structure on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10 .
- a relief-type first diffraction grating is provided in a region corresponding to the first region R1.
- the first diffraction grating may be further provided in a region of the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10 that corresponds to the gap between the first regions R1 adjacent in the Y direction.
- a relief-type second diffraction grating is provided in a region corresponding to the second region R2 of the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the base material 10 .
- the second diffraction grating may be further provided in a region of the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10 that corresponds to the gap between the second regions R2 adjacent in the Y direction.
- a relief-type third diffraction grating is provided in a region corresponding to the third region R3 in the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the base material 10 .
- a third diffraction grating may be further provided in a region of the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10 that corresponds to the gap between the third regions R3 adjacent in the Y direction.
- the first to third diffraction gratings are designed to emit diffracted light with different wavelengths in the same direction when illuminated with white light from one direction.
- the first to third diffraction gratings have different grating constants, different arrangement directions of repeating structures such as grating lines, or both of them.
- the deposited layer partially covers the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10 .
- the deposited layer is made of, for example, a metal, an alloy or an inorganic compound.
- the material of the deposited layer is TiO 2 , Si 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and high refractive index materials such as ZnS, as well as Al, Ag, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Au, and their A material having a high reflectance, such as an alloy containing one or more of
- the deposited layer may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.
- the deposited layer partially covers the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 facing the substrate 10 .
- the deposited layer partially covers the first diffraction grating, partially covers the second diffraction grating, and partially covers the third diffraction grating.
- the portion covering the first diffraction grating is the first coloring line PL1
- the portion covering the second diffraction grating is the second coloring line PL2
- the third diffraction grating is The covered portion is the third coloring line PL3. That is, in the display body 1G, instead of providing colored lines made of ink, colored lines containing a vapor deposition layer are provided.
- the adhesive layer 23 is interposed between the relief structure forming layer 22 provided with the deposition layer and the base material 10, and bonds them together.
- the adhesive layer 23 is made of, for example, a transparent resin.
- a transfer foil can be used to manufacture the display 1G. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of a transfer foil that can be used for manufacturing the display body shown in FIG. 21.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of a transfer foil that can be used for manufacturing the display body shown in FIG. 21.
- the transfer foil 2 shown in FIG. 22 includes a support 21, a relief structure forming layer 22, a vapor deposition layer, and an adhesive layer 23.
- the support 21 detachably supports the laminate including the relief structure forming layer 22, the deposition layer, and the adhesive layer 23.
- the support 21 it is preferable to use a material that is less deformed or degraded by heat, pressure, etc. applied during transfer.
- the support 21 may be rigid such as a glass substrate, or may be a plastic film such as polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, and polypropylene film.
- paper, synthetic paper, plastic multi-layer paper, resin-impregnated paper, or the like may be used as the support 21 depending on the application and purpose.
- the support 21 preferably has a release layer on the support surface that supports the laminate.
- resins and lubricants can be used as materials for the release layer.
- the resin is, for example, acrylic resin, polyester resin, or polyamide resin.
- lubricants polyethylene powder, paraffin wax, silicone, and waxes such as carnauba wax can be used.
- the release layer is obtained by applying these materials onto the support 21 by a known method such as gravure printing and microgravure.
- the thickness of the release layer is, for example, within the range of 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the relief structure forming layer 22 is provided on the surface of the support 21 on which the release layer is formed.
- the relief structure is formed on the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 by, for example, transfer.
- the vapor deposition layer partially covers the surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 on which the relief structure is provided.
- the vapor deposition layer is formed, for example, by the following method.
- a deposition material layer is formed by depositing a deposition material such as a metal, an alloy, or an inorganic compound on substantially the entire surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 .
- Vapor deposition materials are deposited by vapor deposition methods such as vacuum deposition, sputtering and chemical vapor deposition.
- an etching mask is formed over the deposition material layer.
- the etching mask is formed, for example, by photolithography using a photosensitive resin.
- portions of the vapor deposition material layer that are not covered with the etching mask are removed by etching to obtain a vapor deposition layer. After that, if necessary, the etching mask is removed from the deposition layer.
- the adhesive layer 23 covers the relief structure forming layer 22 and the deposition layer.
- the adhesive layer 23 is made of, for example, a thermoplastic resin.
- the adhesive layer 23 is obtained, for example, by applying an adhesive.
- each of the first colored lines PL1, the second colored lines PL2, and the third colored lines PL3 serves as a diffraction grating.
- Each pixel PX differs from one or more other pixels PX in at least one area of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3.
- the display 1G can display a gradation display image using diffracted light. Such an optical effect cannot be obtained in a copy obtained by copying the display 1G. And the above optical effect can be confirmed without a verification tool. Furthermore, when observed through a lens with a magnification of about several tens of times, the shape and arrangement of the colored lines of the display 1G can be confirmed. Therefore, the display 1G has a high anti-counterfeiting effect.
- the length of the colored lines can be adjusted only by the pattern shape of the etching mask. And the display 1G can be manufactured without a complicated process.
- the display 1G has a high anti-counterfeiting effect, does not require extremely high positional accuracy for manufacturing, and can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.
- the deposited layer does not have to be patterned.
- the vapor deposition layer is irradiated with an infrared laser beam, and the vapor deposition layer is By removing the portion irradiated with the laser beam, the above-described display 1G can be obtained.
- This technique can also be applied to other displays exemplified in the first embodiment.
- Example 1 The display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured by the following method.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 125 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first colored line PL1, a second colored line PL2 and a third colored line PL3 were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2 and the third coloration line PL3 were formed using blue ink, green ink and red ink, respectively.
- the display 1A thus obtained was observed with a laser microscope, and the dimensions of the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2 and the third coloration line PL3, and the dimension of the pixel PX were measured. Specifically, the measurement is performed on 10 randomly selected locations, 10 locations are randomly selected from the portion corresponding to the printing region PR of the display 1A, and each location is imaged using a laser microscope. obtained. The X and Y directions were specified from these images, and the arithmetic mean of the values obtained for 10 locations was used as the measured value.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 36 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.6 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 9.2 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 11.2 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 2 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 3 The display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured by the following method. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are omitted in all the pixels PX.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 125 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first colored line PL1, a second colored line PL2, a third colored line PL3 and a fifth colored line PL5A were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fifth coloring line PL5A are cyan ink, magenta ink, yellow ink, and black ink, respectively. was formed using The same measurement as in Example 1 was performed on the display 1C thus obtained.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 9.5 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 4 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example as well, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 14.3 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 5 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5B is omitted in all the pixels PX without omitting the fifth coloring line PL5C. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5C and height H5C of the fifth colored line PL5C were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- each of the fifth coloring lines PL5A and PL5C had a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 6 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are not omitted, and the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5BC was 31.9 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape. Also, in the pixel PX including both the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, they are connected to each other. In the pixel PX including only one of the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, as shown in FIG. The corresponding portion was convex curved.
- Example 7 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are not omitted, and the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5BC was 19.0 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. As shown in FIG. 12, the fifth coloring line had a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction and corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 8> A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the adjacent fifth coloring lines were connected to each other.
- the fifth coloring line that is not connected to each other has a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 9 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the adjacent fifth coloring lines are separated from each other.
- the fifth coloring line had a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction and corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 10 A display 1D described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted from all the pixels PX.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first colored line PL1, a second colored line PL2, a third colored line PL3, and fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, and the third coloration line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively.
- the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed using black ink. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1D.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5BC was 31.9 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape. Also, in the pixel PX including both the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, they are connected to each other. In the pixel PX including only one of the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, as shown in FIG. The corresponding portion was convex curved.
- Example 11 A display 1E described with reference to FIG. 19 was manufactured.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 125 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, the fifth coloring lines PL5A to PL5C, and the sixth coloring line were formed.
- the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2 and the third colored line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink and yellow ink, respectively.
- the fifth coloring lines PL5A to PL5C were formed using black ink.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A to PL6C were formed using white ink. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1E.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 48 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 9.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 11.9 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 14.3 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5A of the fifth coloring line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5ABC is 28.6 ⁇ m, and their height H5 is It was 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the sum of the width WP6A of the sixth coloring line PL6A, the width WP6B of the sixth coloring line PL6B, and the width WP6C of the sixth coloring line PL6C, that is, the width W6PABC is 47.8 ⁇ m.
- the height H6 of was 3.4 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction is a convex curve. was in shape.
- the adjacent fifth coloring lines are separated from each other.
- the fifth coloring line had a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction and corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- the adjacent sixth coloring lines are connected to each other. In the sixth coloring lines that are not connected to each other, the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 12 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 76 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 20.2 ⁇ m and 1.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 18.6 ⁇ m and 2.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 23.6 ⁇ m and 2.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 13 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 14 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example as well, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 15 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5B is omitted in all the pixels PX without omitting the fifth coloring line PL5C. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5C and height H5C of the fifth colored line PL5C were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- each of the fifth coloring lines PL5A and PL5C had a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 16 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are not omitted, and the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5BC was 5.4 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape. Also, in the pixel PX including both the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, they are connected to each other. In the pixel PX including only one of the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, as shown in FIG. The corresponding portion had a convex curved shape.
- Example 17 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the adjacent fifth coloring lines were connected to each other.
- the fifth coloring line that is not connected to each other has a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 18 A display 1D described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted from all the pixels PX.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first colored line PL1, a second colored line PL2, a third colored line PL3, and fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, and the third coloration line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively.
- the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed using black ink. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1D.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5BC was 5.4 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape. Also, in the pixel PX including both the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, they are connected to each other. As shown in FIG. 17, the fifth coloring line that is not connected to each other has a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 19 A display 1E described with reference to FIG. 19 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are omitted.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 125 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first coloring line PL1, a second coloring line PL2, a third coloring line PL3, a fifth coloring line PL5A, and a sixth coloring line are formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- PL6A to PL6C were formed.
- the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2 and the third colored line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink and yellow ink, respectively.
- the fifth colored line PL5A was formed using black ink.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A to PL6C were formed using white ink. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1E.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 8 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 2.0 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction is a convex curve. was in shape.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction had a convex curved shape.
- the adjacent sixth coloring lines are connected to each other.
- the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 20 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 164 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 56.0 ⁇ m and 3.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 43.2 ⁇ m and 4.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 52.5 ⁇ m and 3.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 21 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 22 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example as well, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 100.0 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 23 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5B is omitted in all the pixels PX without omitting the fifth coloring line PL5C. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5A and height H5A of the fifth colored line PL5A were 100.0 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W5C and height H5C of the fifth colored line PL5C were 100.0 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- each of the fifth coloring lines PL5A and PL5C had a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 24 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C are not omitted, and the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted in all the pixels PX. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5BC was 200.0 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 12.0 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape. Also, in the pixel PX including both the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, they are connected to each other. In the pixel PX including only one of the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, as shown in FIG. The corresponding portion was convex curved.
- Example 25 A display 1C described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the gravure plate was changed. However, in this example, the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C were not omitted. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1C.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5A of the fifth coloring line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5ABC is 300.0 ⁇ m, and their height H5 is It was 12.0 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- the adjacent fifth coloring lines were connected to each other.
- the fifth coloring line that is not connected to each other has a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction, the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 26 A display 1D described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 was manufactured. However, in this example, the fifth coloring line PL5A is omitted from all the pixels PX.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first colored line PL1, a second colored line PL2, a third colored line PL3, and fifth colored lines PL5B and PL5C were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, and the third coloration line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink, and yellow ink, respectively.
- the fifth color lines PL5B and PL5C were formed using black ink. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1D.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C was 200.0 ⁇ m, and their height H5 was 12.0 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape. Also, in the pixel PX including both the fifth coloring lines PL5B and PL5C, they are connected to each other. As shown in FIG. 17, the fifth coloring line that is not connected to each other has a convex curved shape in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line.
- Example 27 A display 1E described with reference to FIG. 19 was manufactured.
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a colorless and transparent polyethylene terephthalate film with a thickness of 125 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, the fifth coloring lines PL5A to PL5C, and the sixth coloring line were formed.
- the first colored line PL1, the second colored line PL2 and the third colored line PL3 were formed using cyan ink, magenta ink and yellow ink, respectively.
- the fifth coloring lines PL5A to PL5C were formed using black ink.
- the sixth coloring lines PL6A to PL6C were formed using white ink. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1E.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 330 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 114.8 ⁇ m and 11.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 95.4 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 89.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the sum of the width WP5A of the fifth coloring line PL5A, the width WP5B of the fifth coloring line PL5B, and the width WP5C of the fifth coloring line PL5C, that is, the width W5ABC is 300.0 ⁇ m, and their height H5 is It was 12.0 ⁇ m.
- the sum of the width WP6A of the sixth coloring line PL6A, the width WP6B of the sixth coloring line PL6B, and the width WP6C of the sixth coloring line PL6C, that is, the width W6PABC is 300.0 ⁇ m. was 12.0 ⁇ m.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction is a convex curve. was in shape.
- the fifth coloring line had a convex curved shape in a portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. Also, in the pixel PX including the sixth coloring line PL6B and at least one of the sixth coloring lines PL6A and PL6C, the adjacent sixth coloring lines are connected to each other. In the sixth coloring lines that are not connected to each other, the portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction that corresponds to the upper surface of the coloring line has a convex curved shape.
- Example 28 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 20 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 4.3 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 3.8 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 5.1 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 29> The display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured by the following method.
- the display 1B is manufactured so that the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 adjacent in the Y direction are separated from each other. .
- a square film piece with a length of 200 mm was cut out from a white polycarbonate film with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m. This piece of film was used as the substrate 10 .
- a first colored line PL1, a second colored line PL2, a third colored line PL3 and a fourth colored line PL4 were formed on the substrate 10 by gravure offset printing.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line are cyan ink, magenta ink, yellow ink, and black ink, respectively. was formed using The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1B.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 54 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 8.6 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 9.3 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 11.2 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 10.9 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- Example 30 A display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1B.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 16 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 2.4 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.6 ⁇ m and 0.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- Example 31 A display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1B.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 236 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 56.0 ⁇ m and 2.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 43.2 ⁇ m and 2.9 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 52.5 ⁇ m and 2.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 48.3 ⁇ m and 2.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- Example 32 A display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1B.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 440 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 116.3 ⁇ m and 11.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 85.0 ⁇ m and 10.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 95.0 ⁇ m and 10.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 103.8 ⁇ m and 12.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- Example 33 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 6 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 1.3 ⁇ m and 0.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 2.2 ⁇ m and 0.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 34 A display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1A.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 106 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 30.6 ⁇ m and 1.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 42.1 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 20.3 ⁇ m and 2.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction. The portion corresponding to the was a convex curved shape.
- Example 35 A display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1B.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 172 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 39.0 ⁇ m and 0.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 27.0 ⁇ m and 1.9 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 45.0 ⁇ m and 1.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 24.2 ⁇ m and 3.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- Example 36 A display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1B.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 14 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 1.2 ⁇ m and 0.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 1.5 ⁇ m and 0.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 1.4 ⁇ m and 0.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 1.8 ⁇ m and 0.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- Example 1 A display similar to display 1A described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 628 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 196.0 ⁇ m and 14.9 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 165.4 ⁇ m and 9.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 120.3 ⁇ m and 6.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 were separated from each other within the pixels PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, and the third coloring line PL3 included in each pixel PX correspond to the first coloring line PL1 included in the pixel PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. , from the second coloring line PL2 and the third coloring line PL3.
- the portion corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction is convex. Although it had a shape, it did not have a curved shape as shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the above portion had curved ends and a straight line between them.
- Example 2 A display similar to display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 498 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 118.5 ⁇ m and 14.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 134.2 ⁇ m and 13.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 104.5 ⁇ m and 15.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 105.0 ⁇ m and 12.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to was convex, it did not have a curved shape as shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the above portion had curved ends and a straight line between them.
- Example 3 A display similar to display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 960 ⁇ m.
- the width W1P and height H1 of the first coloring line PL1 were 185.0 ⁇ m and 18.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W2P and height H2 of the second colored line PL2 were 253.0 ⁇ m and 21.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W3P and height H3 of the third colored line PL3 were 223.0 ⁇ m and 17.5 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the width W4P and height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 286.0 ⁇ m and 15.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 were separated from each other within the pixel PX and between the pixels PX. Their distances in the X direction were approximately equal.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4.
- each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is the upper surface of the coloring line in the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the Y direction.
- the portion corresponding to was convex, it did not have a curved shape as shown in FIG. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the above portion had curved ends and a straight line between them.
- FIG. A display 1H shown in FIG. 23 is the same as the display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 except that the following configuration is adopted. That is, in the display body 1H shown in FIG. 23, each of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 is arc-shaped, and accordingly, the first coloring line PL1 and the fourth region R4 are arc-shaped. Each of the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is arcuate.
- the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 have the same shape and size of the arc-shaped portions of their contours. Further, in the display 1H, instead of changing the length of the coloring line, the width of the coloring line is changed so as to enable the display of the gradation display image.
- the display 1H described with reference to FIG. 23 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 29 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1H.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 560 ⁇ m.
- the width W I of the first region R1, the width W II of the second region R2, the width W III of the third region R3, and the width W IV of the fourth region R4 were all 80 ⁇ m.
- the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3 and the fourth region R4 were separated from each other.
- the average width W1P and the average height H1 of the first colored lines PL1 were 64.1 ⁇ m and 3.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W2P and the average height H2 of the second colored lines PL2 were 38.3 ⁇ m and 1.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W3P and the average height H3 of the third colored lines PL3 were 28.2 ⁇ m and 1.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W4P and the average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 70.7 ⁇ m and 4.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4. Note that each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples. The portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- FIG. A display 1I shown in FIG. 24 is the same as the display 1H described with reference to FIG. 23 except that the following configuration is adopted. That is, in the display 1I shown in FIG. 24, the pixel PX further includes an arc-shaped fifth region R5, and the arc-shaped fifth coloring line PL5 is provided in the fifth region R5 in one or more pixels PX. .
- the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, the fourth region R4, and the fifth region R5 have the same shape and size of the arcuate portions of their contours.
- the width of the coloring line is changed instead of changing the length of the coloring line in order to enable the display of a gradation display image similarly to the display 1H.
- the display 1I described with reference to FIG. 24 was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1I.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 640 ⁇ m.
- the width W I of the first region R1, the width W II of the second region R2, the width W III of the third region R3, the width W IV of the fourth region R4, and the width W V of the fifth region R5 are all 80 ⁇ m. Met.
- the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, the fourth region R4, and the fifth region R5 were separated from each other.
- the average width W1P and the average height H1 of the first colored lines PL1 were 64.1 ⁇ m and 3.1 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W2P and the average height H2 of the second colored lines PL2 were 38.3 ⁇ m and 1.6 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W3P and the average height H3 of the third colored lines PL3 were 28.2 ⁇ m and 1.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W4P and the average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 70.7 ⁇ m and 4.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W5 and the average height H5 of the fifth colored line PL5 were 61.3 ⁇ m and 3.7 ⁇ m, respectively.
- a first coloring line PL1, a second coloring line PL2, a third coloring line PL3, a fourth coloring line PL4, and a fifth coloring line PL5 included in each pixel PX are adjacent to it in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, the third coloration line PL3, the fourth coloration line PL4, and the fifth coloration line PL5 included in the matched pixel PX. In addition, each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, the fourth coloring line PL4, and the fifth coloring line PL5 extends in the Y direction as in the other examples. A portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the surface corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line was a convex curve.
- FIG. A display 1J shown in FIG. 25 is the same as the display 1B described with reference to FIG. 8 except that the following configuration is adopted. That is, in the display body 1J shown in FIG. 25, each of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, and the fourth region R4 has an arc shape. Each of the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is arcuate. The arc-shaped portions of the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3 and the fourth region R4 are part of concentric circles. Further, in the display member 1J, the width of the coloring line is changed instead of changing the length of the coloring line so as to enable display of the gradation display image.
- the display 1J described with reference to FIG. 25 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 29, except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1J.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 443 ⁇ m.
- the width W I of the first region R1, the width W II of the second region R2, the width W III of the third region R3 and the width W IV of the fourth region R4 were 64 ⁇ m, 74 ⁇ m, 93 ⁇ m and 193 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W1P and the average height H1 of the first colored lines PL1 were 24.5 ⁇ m and 1.9 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W2P and the average height H2 of the second colored lines PL2 were 35.2 ⁇ m and 2.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W3P and average height H3 of the third colored lines PL3 were 54.6 ⁇ m and 3.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W4P and the average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 150.8 ⁇ m and 7.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 included in each pixel PX are included in the pixels PX adjacent thereto in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4. Note that each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, and the fourth coloring line PL4 is a cross-sectional contour perpendicular to the Y direction, as in the other examples. The portion corresponding to the upper surface of the colored line was a convex curve.
- FIG. A display 1K shown in FIG. 26 is the same as the display 1J described with reference to FIG. 25 except that the following configuration is adopted. That is, in the display 1K shown in FIG. 26, the pixel PX further includes an arcuate fifth region R5, and the arcuate fifth coloring line PL5 is provided in the fifth region R5 in one or more pixels PX. .
- the arc-shaped portions of the contours of the first region R1, the second region R2, the third region R3, the fourth region R4 and the fifth region R5 are part of concentric circles.
- the width of the coloring line is changed instead of changing the length of the coloring line in order to enable the display of the gradation display image similarly to the display member 1J.
- the display 1K described with reference to FIG. 26 was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6 except that the gravure plate was changed. The same measurements as in Example 1 were also performed on this display 1K.
- the pixel PX had a square shape with a side length of 443 ⁇ m.
- the width W I of the first region R1, the width W II of the second region R2, the width W III of the third region R3, the width W IV of the fourth region R4 , and the width W V of the fifth region R5 are each 54 ⁇ m, 64 ⁇ m, 78 ⁇ m, 92 ⁇ m and 125 ⁇ m.
- the average width W1P and the average height H1 of the first colored lines PL1 were 24.5 ⁇ m and 1.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W2P and the average height H2 of the second colored lines PL2 were 35.2 ⁇ m and 2.2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W3P and average height H3 of the third colored lines PL3 were 54.6 ⁇ m and 3.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W4P and the average height H4 of the fourth colored line PL4 were 150.8 ⁇ m and 7.3 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the average width W5 and the average height H5 of the fifth colored line PL5 were 81.4 ⁇ m and 10.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- a first coloring line PL1, a second coloring line PL2, a third coloring line PL3, a fourth coloring line PL4, and a fifth coloring line PL5 included in each pixel PX are adjacent to it in the Y direction. It was separated from the first coloration line PL1, the second coloration line PL2, the third coloration line PL3, the fourth coloration line PL4, and the fifth coloration line PL5 included in the matched pixel PX. In addition, each of the first coloring line PL1, the second coloring line PL2, the third coloring line PL3, the fourth coloring line PL4, and the fifth coloring line PL5 extends in the Y direction as in the other examples. A portion of the contour of the cross section perpendicular to the surface corresponding to the upper surface of the coloring line was a convex curve.
- each display was copied using the color copy function of a digital full-color multifunction machine IM C4500 manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd.
- IM C4500 manufactured by Ricoh Co., Ltd.
- W AV represents the arithmetic average W AV 1 of the widths W1, W2 and W3, or the arithmetic average W AV 2 of the widths W1, W2, W3 and W4.
- Widths W1, W2, W3 and W4 are equal to widths W1P, W2P, W3P and W4P, respectively.
- ⁇ W1 represents the difference between the width W1 and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W2 represents the difference between the width W2 and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W3 represents the difference between the width W3 and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W4 represents the difference between the width W4 and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W5A represents the difference between the width W5A and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W5BC represents the difference between one-half the width W5BC and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W5ABC represents the difference between one third of the width W5ABC and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- ⁇ W6ABC represents the difference between one third of the width W6ABC and the arithmetic mean WAV .
- the displays of Examples 1 to 36 in which the dimensions of the pixels PX in the X and Y directions are small, display high-definition images, and each pixel can be visually distinguished from other pixels. did not In addition, it was confirmed that the displays of Examples 1 to 36, in which the width of the colored lines was small, did not reproduce the images displayed by them in copies, and had a high anti-counterfeiting effect. Further, the displays of Examples 1 to 36, in which the difference in the width of the colored lines was small, exhibited a change in glossiness with a change in the observation direction, and it was possible to visually determine authenticity using this change.
- the root-mean-square roughness Rq of each colored line was 0.420 or less.
- Example 37 The display 1G described with reference to FIG. 21 was manufactured by the following method.
- a relief structure was formed on the resist layer provided on the substrate using an electron beam lithography system.
- Grooves corresponding to grid lines were formed at a spatial frequency of 1150 lines/mm in a portion of the resist layer corresponding to the first region R1.
- Grooves corresponding to grid lines were formed at a spatial frequency of 1310 lines/mm in a portion of the resist layer corresponding to the second region R2.
- Grooves corresponding to grid lines were formed at a spatial frequency of 1550 lines/mm in a portion of the resist layer corresponding to the third region R3.
- These grooves provide a square image area with dimensions in the X and Y directions of 30 mm, and a square pixel with dimensions in the X and Y directions of 30 ⁇ m. It was formed so as to be parallel to the direction.
- a metal layer was formed on this resist layer by a sputtering method, and electroforming was performed to obtain an electroforming plate.
- the transfer foil 2 described with reference to FIG. 22 was manufactured.
- a support 21 was obtained by forming a release layer on a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- an ultraviolet curable resin was applied to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m on the release layer.
- the electroformed plate was pressed against the UV curable resin layer, and heating and UV irradiation were performed.
- the ultraviolet curable resin was cured to obtain the relief structure forming layer 22 having the above relief structure on the surface.
- a deposited layer made of aluminum was formed on the entire surface of the relief structure forming layer 22 .
- an adhesive was applied onto the deposited layer, and the adhesive layer 23 was obtained by drying the coating film.
- the laminate of the relief structure forming layer 22, vapor deposition layer, and adhesive layer 23 was transferred from the support 21 onto the substrate 10.
- the composite of this laminate and substrate 10 was sandwiched between a light scattering layer 11 and a transparent layer 12 to obtain a blank medium.
- the substrate 10 LEXAN (registered trademark) SD8B94 (thickness 100 ⁇ m) manufactured by SABIC was used.
- SABIC's LEXAN (registered trademark) SD8B24 thickness: 200 ⁇ m
- the transparent layer 12 SABIC's LEXAN (registered trademark) SD8B14 (thickness 100 ⁇ m) was used.
- This blank medium was irradiated with an infrared laser beam from the transparent layer 12 side to remove the deposition material at the irradiated portion. Thus, a display 1G was obtained.
- This display 1G was observed from the Z direction while being illuminated with white light from a direction perpendicular to the X direction and forming an angle of 45° with respect to the Y direction. As a result, a multicolor gradation display image could be visually recognized.
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Abstract
Description
<1.1>表示体の構成
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態に係る表示体を示す平面図である。図2は、図1に示す表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図3は、図2に示す表示体のIII-III線に沿った断面図である。図4は、図2に示す表示体のIV-IV線に沿った断面図である。図5は、図1に示す表示体の一部を更に拡大して示す平面図である。
図6は、第1変形例に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図7は、図6に示す表示体のVII-VII線に沿った断面図である。
図8は、第2変形例に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。
図8に示す表示体1Bは、以下の構成を採用したこと以外は、図1乃至図5を参照しながら説明した表示体1と同様である。
図9は、第3変形例に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図10は、図9に示す表示体のX-X線に沿った断面図である。図11は、図9に示す表示体のXI-XI線に沿った断面図である。図12は、図9に示す表示体のXII-XII線に沿った断面図である。図13は、図9に示す表示体の一部を更に拡大して示す平面図である。
図14は、第4変形例に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図15は、図14に示す表示体のXV-XV線に沿った断面図である。図16は、図14に示す表示体のXVI-XVI線に沿った断面図である。図17は、図14に示す表示体のXVII-XVII線に沿った断面図である。図18は、図14に示す表示体の一部を更に拡大して示す平面図である。
図19は、第5変形例に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。
図20は、第6変形例に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。
表示体1B乃至1Fにおいて、X方向に隣り合った呈色線は互いに接していてもよい。また、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3のうちX方向に隣り合ったものが互いから離間し、第5呈色線PL5A、PL5B及びPL5CのうちX方向に隣り合ったものが互いに接触していてもよい。同様に、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3のうちX方向に隣り合ったものが互いから離間し、第6呈色線PL6A、PL6B及びPL6CのうちX方向に隣り合ったものが互いに接触していてもよい。
<1.4.1>印刷方法
上記の表示体11A乃至1Fは、印刷法を利用して、基材10上に画素PXを形成することにより得ることができる。印刷法としては、公知の方法を適用できる。グラビア印刷法に代表される凹版印刷が好ましく、グラビアオフセット印刷法が特に好ましい。印刷に使用する装置も、公知のものでよい。例えば、グラビア印刷法に代表される凹版印刷であれば、印刷装置として、呈色線に対応した溝を表面に有する金属製の凹版を備えたものを用いることができる。
基材10は、紙、ポリマーフィルム、ガラス板、金属板、又は、それらの1以上を含んだ複合体とすることができる。印刷パターンが表示する画像の視認性の点からは、基材10の印刷面は、紙又はプラスチックからなることが好ましい。基材103としては、厚さが10μm以上3mm以下のものを用いることができるが、これに限定されない。また、基材103の長辺の長さは、3cm以上3m以下とすることができるが、これに限定されない。
第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3の形成に用いるインクは、一例によれば、減法混色の三原色、即ち、シアン色、マゼンタ色、及びイエロー色を呈するインクであり、他の例によれば、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3の形成に用いるインクは、加法混色の三原色、即ち、赤色、緑色及び青色を呈するインクである。第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2、第3呈色線PL3及び第4呈色線PL4の形成に用いるインクは、一例によれば、シアン色、マゼンタ色、イエロー色、及びブラック色を呈するインクである。また、一例によれば、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3の形成に用いるインクは、マゼンタ色及びイエロー色を呈するインクであり、第5呈色線PL5A、PL5B及びPL5Cの形成に用いるインクは、ブラック色を呈するインクである。更に、一例によれば、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3の形成に用いるインクは、マゼンタ色及びイエロー色を呈するインクであり、第5呈色線PL5A、PL5B及びPL5Cの形成に用いるインクは、ブラック色を呈するインクであり、第6呈色線PL6A、PL6B及びPL6Cの形成に用いるインクは、ホワイト色を呈するインクである。各呈色線の形成に用いるインクは、他の色を呈するものであってもよい。
染料は、酸性染料、塩基性染料、溶剤染料、分散染料、又は、それらの2以上の組み合わせとすることができる。
無機顔料は、金属粒子、酸化物、水酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物、フェロシアン化物、クロム酸塩、硫酸塩、炭酸塩、ケイ酸塩、燐酸塩、若しくは炭素からなる粒子、それらの2以上を含んだ粒子、又は、それらの2以上の組み合わせとすることができる。酸化物は、二酸化チタン、亜鉛華(酸化亜鉛)、又は鉄黒(黒色酸化鉄)とすることができる。
有機溶剤は、炭化水素系溶媒、アルコール溶媒、グリコールエーテル若しくはグリコールエステル系溶媒、テルペン系溶媒、又は、それらの2以上の組み合わせとすることができる。
以下に、上述した表示体1及び1A乃至1Fが奏する効果を、表示体1を例に挙げて説明する。
<2.1>表示体の構成
図21は、本発明の第2実施形態に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。
図21に示す表示体1Gは、以下の構造を採用したこと以外は、図1乃至図5を参照しながら説明した表示体1と同様である。即ち、表示体1Gは、光散乱層11と、透明層12と、レリーフ構造形成層22と、蒸着層と、接着層23とを更に含んでいる。
表示体1Gの製造には、転写箔を利用することができる。
図22は、図21に示す表示体の製造に利用可能な転写箔の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。
表示体1Gでは、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3の各々が回折格子としての役割を果たす。そして、画素PXの各々は、画素PXの他の1以上とは、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2及び第3呈色線PL3の1以上の面積が異なっている。これにより、表示体1Gは、回折光による階調表示画像の表示を可能としている。このような光学効果は、表示体1Gを複写してなる複写物では得られない。そして、上記の光学効果は、検証具なしで確認可能である。更に、倍率が数十倍程度のレンズを介して観察した場合には、表示体1Gの呈色線の形状や配置を確認できる。従って、表示体1Gは、高い偽造防止効果を奏する。
表示体1Gについて上述した技術は、第1実施形態において例示した他の表示体へ適用してもよい。この場合も上記と同様の効果が得られる。
図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを、以下の方法により製造した。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを、以下の方法により製造した。但し、本例では、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略した。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例でも、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Bを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略しなかった。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略しなかった。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
図14乃至図18を参照しながら説明した表示体1Dを製造した。但し、本例では、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aは省略した。
図19を参照しながら説明した表示体1Eを製造した。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例でも、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Bを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略しなかった。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
図14乃至図18を参照しながら説明した表示体1Dを製造した。但し、本例では、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aは省略した。
図19を参照しながら説明した表示体1Eを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略した。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例でも、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Bを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略せずに、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aを省略した。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例3と同様の方法により、図9乃至図13を参照しながら説明した表示体1Cを製造した。但し、本例では、第5呈色線PL5B及びPL5Cは省略しなかった。この表示体1Cについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
図14乃至図18を参照しながら説明した表示体1Dを製造した。但し、本例では、全ての画素PXにおいて、第5呈色線PL5Aは省略した。
図19を参照しながら説明した表示体1Eを製造した。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bを、以下の方法により製造した。ここでは、表示体1Bは、Y方向に隣り合った第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2、第3呈色線PL3及び第4呈色線PL4が互いから離間するように製造した。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bを製造した。この表示体1Bについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bを製造した。この表示体1Bについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bを製造した。この表示体1Bについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aを製造した。この表示体1Aについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bを製造した。この表示体1Bについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bを製造した。この表示体1Bについても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例1と同様の方法により、図6及び図7を参照しながら説明した表示体1Aと類似した表示体を製造した。この表示体についても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bと類似した表示体を製造した。この表示体についても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
グラビア版を変更したこと以外は例29と同様の方法により、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bと類似した表示体を製造した。この表示体についても、例1と同様の測定を行った。
図23は、比較例4に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図23に示す表示体1Hは、以下の構成を採用したこと以外は、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bと同様である。即ち、図23に示す表示体1Hでは、第1領域R1、第2領域R2、第3領域R3及び第4領域R4の各々が円弧状であり、これに伴い、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2、第3呈色線PL3及び第4呈色線PL4の各々が円弧状である。第1領域R1、第2領域R2、第3領域R3及び第4領域R4は、それらの輪郭の円弧状部の形状及び寸法が互いに等しい。また、表示体1Hでは、階調表示画像の表示を可能とするべく、呈色線の長さを変更する代わりに、呈色線の幅を変更している。
図24は、比較例5に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図24に示す表示体1Iは、以下の構成を採用したこと以外は、図23を参照しながら説明した表示体1Hと同様である。即ち、図24に示す表示体1Iは、画素PXが円弧状の第5領域R5を更に含み、1以上の画素PXにおいて第5領域R5に円弧状の第5呈色線PL5が設けられている。第1領域R1、第2領域R2、第3領域R3、第4領域R4及び第5領域R5は、それらの輪郭の円弧状部の形状及び寸法が互いに等しい。また、表示体1Iでは、表示体1Hと同様に、階調表示画像の表示を可能とするべく、呈色線の長さを変更する代わりに、呈色線の幅を変更している。
図25は、比較例6に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図25に示す表示体1Jは、以下の構成を採用したこと以外は、図8を参照しながら説明した表示体1Bと同様である。即ち、図25に示す表示体1Jでは、第1領域R1、第2領域R2、第3領域R3及び第4領域R4の各々が円弧状であり、これに伴い、第1呈色線PL1、第2呈色線PL2、第3呈色線PL3及び第4呈色線PL4の各々が円弧状である。第1領域R1、第2領域R2、第3領域R3及び第4領域R4の輪郭の円弧状部は、同心円の一部である。また、表示体1Jでは、階調表示画像の表示を可能とするべく、呈色線の長さを変更する代わりに、呈色線の幅を変更している。
図26は、比較例7に係る表示体の一部を拡大して示す平面図である。図26に示す表示体1Kは、以下の構成を採用したこと以外は、図25を参照しながら説明した表示体1Jと同様である。即ち、図26に示す表示体1Kは、画素PXが円弧状の第5領域R5を更に含み、1以上の画素PXにおいて第5領域R5に円弧状の第5呈色線PL5が設けられている。第1領域R1、第2領域R2、第3領域R3、第4領域R4及び第5領域R5の輪郭の円弧状部は、同心円の一部である。また、表示体1Kでは、表示体1Jと同様に、階調表示画像の表示を可能とするべく、呈色線の長さを変更する代わりに、呈色線の幅を変更している。
例1乃至36及び比較例1乃至7の表示体が表示する画像の画質に関して、以下の評価を行った。即ち、各表示体を、白色光源の下に静置し、印刷面から30cm離れた位置で、基材の主面に対して垂直な方向から観察した。各画素が他の画素から区別できなかった場合、即ち、個々の画素の正方形状が認識されなかった場合を「A]と判定し、或る画素が他の画素から区別できた場合を「C」と判定した。
図21を参照しながら説明した表示体1Gを、以下の方法により製造した。
Claims (20)
- 基材と、前記基材上に配置された複数の画素とを備え、
前記複数の画素は、互いに交差する第1及び第2方向に配列し、前記第1及び第2方向の各々における寸法が440μm以下であり、
前記複数の画素の各々は、前記第2方向に各々が伸び、前記第1方向に配列した直線状の第1乃至第3領域を含み、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第1領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸びた第1呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第2領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第2呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第3領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1及び第2呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第3呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の各々は、前記複数の画素の他の1以上とは、前記第2方向における前記第1乃至第3呈色線の1以上の寸法が異なっており、これにより、階調表示画像を表示する表示体。 - 前記第1領域の幅W1と前記第2領域の幅W2と前記第3領域の幅W3との算術平均WAV1と前記幅W1との差の絶対値、前記算術平均WAV1と前記幅W2との差の絶対値、及び、前記算術平均WAV1と前記幅W3との差の絶対値の各々は、前記算術平均WAV1に対する比が、0乃至20%の範囲内にある請求項1に記載の表示体。
- 前記複数の画素の各々は、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1乃至第3領域に対して前記第1方向に配列した直線状の第4領域を更に含み、前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第4領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1乃至第3呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第4呈色線が設けられている請求項1又は2に記載の表示体。
- 前記第1領域の幅W1と前記第2領域の幅W2と前記第3領域の幅W3と前記第4領域の幅W4との算術平均WAV2と前記幅W1との差の絶対値、前記算術平均WAV2と前記幅W2との差の絶対値、前記算術平均WAV2と前記幅W3との差の絶対値、及び前記算術平均WAV2と前記幅W4との差の絶対値の各々は、前記算術平均WAV2に対する比が、0乃至20%の範囲内にある請求項3に記載の表示体。
- 基材と、前記基材上に配置された複数の画素とを備え、
前記複数の画素は、互いに交差する第1及び第2方向に配列し、前記第1及び第2方向の各々における寸法が440μm以下であり、
前記複数の画素の各々は、前記第2方向に各々が伸び、前記第1方向に配列した直線状の第1乃至第3領域を含み、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第1領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸びた第1呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第2領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第2呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部には、前記第3領域に、その幅全体に広がり、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1及び第2呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第3呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部は、前記第1呈色線が設けられていない第1部分を前記第1領域が含んでいるか、前記第2呈色線が設けられていない第2部分を前記第2領域が含んでいるか、前記第3呈色線が設けられていない第3部分を前記第3領域が含んでおり、前記第1乃至第3部分の1以上に、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1乃至第3呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第5呈色線が設けられ、
前記複数の画素の各々は、前記複数の画素の他の1以上とは前記第2方向における前記第1乃至第3呈色線の1以上の寸法が異なるとともに、前記複数の画素の他の1以上とは前記第5呈色線の合計面積が異なっており、これにより、階調表示画像を表示する表示体。 - 前記第1乃至第3部分の各々には、その長さ全体に亘って前記第5呈色線が設けられている請求項5に記載の表示体。
- 前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部は、前記第1乃至第3部分の一部にのみ前記第5呈色線が設けられている請求項5に記載の表示体。
- 前記複数の画素の少なくとも一部は、前記第1乃至第3部分の一部にのみ前記第5呈色線が設けられ、前記第1乃至第3部分のうち前記第5呈色線が設けられていない部分に、前記第2方向に伸び、前記第1乃至第3呈色線及び前記第5呈色線とは異なる色を呈する第6呈色線が設けられている請求項5に記載の表示体。
- 前記第6呈色線を含んだ前記画素の各々において、前記第1呈色線の前記第2方向における寸法と前記第1部分に設けられた前記第5呈色線の前記第2方向における寸法との合計と、前記第2呈色線の前記第2方向における寸法と前記第2部分に設けられた前記第5呈色線の前記第2方向における寸法との合計と、前記第3呈色線の前記第2方向における寸法と前記第3部分に設けられた前記第5呈色線の前記第2方向における寸法との合計とは互いに等しい請求項8に記載の表示体。
- 前記第1領域の幅W1と前記第2領域の幅W2と前記第3領域の幅W3との算術平均WAV1と前記幅W1との差の絶対値、前記算術平均WAV1と前記幅W2との差の絶対値、及び、前記算術平均WAV1と前記幅W3との差の絶対値の各々は、前記算術平均WAV1に対する比が、0乃至20%の範囲内にあり、
前記算術平均WAV1と前記第5呈色線のうち前記第1領域に位置したものの幅W5Aとの差、前記算術平均WAV1と前記第5呈色線のうち前記第2領域に位置したものの幅W5Bとの差、及び、前記算術平均WAV1と前記第5呈色線のうち前記第3領域に位置したものの幅W5Cとの差の各々は、前記算術平均WAV1に対する比が、-20乃至34%の範囲内にある請求項5乃至9の何れか1項に記載の表示体。 - 前記複数の画素のうち、前記第1方向へ隣り合ったものは、前記第1乃至第3領域の配列順序が互いに等しく、前記複数の画素のうち、前記第2方向へ隣り合ったものは、前記第1乃至第3領域の配列順序が互いに等しい請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記複数の画素のうち、前記第1方向へ隣り合ったものは、前記第1乃至第3領域の配列順序が互いに等しく、前記複数の画素のうち、前記第2方向へ隣り合ったものは、前記第1乃至第3領域の配列順序が互いに異なっている請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線の幅は、2.0乃至100.0μmの範囲内にある請求項1乃至12の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線の各々は、前記第2方向に対して垂直な断面の輪郭のうち前記呈色線の上面に対応した部分が凸曲線状である請求項1乃至13の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線の高さは、0.2乃至12.0μmの範囲内にある請求項1乃至14の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線の二乗平均平方根粗さRqは0.420μm以下である請求項1乃至15の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線は印刷線である請求項1乃至16の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線がグラビアオフセット印刷法により形成されたものである請求項1乃至17の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記呈色線は、レリーフ型回折格子の少なくとも一部の上に設けられた蒸着層を含んだ請求項1乃至13の何れか1項に記載の表示体。
- 前記複数の画素は、一方の面に前記レリーフ型回折格子が設けられたレリーフ構造形成層と、前記レリーフ型回折格子を部分的に被覆した前記蒸着層とを含んだ請求項19に記載の表示体。
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WO2006066731A1 (de) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Gitterbild zur darstellung von echtfarbbildern und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP2010038940A (ja) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 表示体及びラベル付き物品 |
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JP2017121699A (ja) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 応力発光カード |
JP2019164333A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 光学素子、転写箔、および、認証体 |
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JP5553524B2 (ja) | 2009-04-17 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社秀峰 | 部分積層印刷体 |
JP6808188B2 (ja) | 2017-05-26 | 2021-01-06 | 独立行政法人 国立印刷局 | カラー特殊潜像模様形成体及びその作製方法 |
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WO2006066731A1 (de) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-29 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Gitterbild zur darstellung von echtfarbbildern und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
JP2010038940A (ja) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 表示体及びラベル付き物品 |
JP2012108419A (ja) * | 2010-11-19 | 2012-06-07 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 表示体、転写箔、及び表示体付き物品 |
JP2017121699A (ja) * | 2016-01-05 | 2017-07-13 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 応力発光カード |
JP2019164333A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 光学素子、転写箔、および、認証体 |
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