WO2023040244A1 - Système d'amarrage - Google Patents

Système d'amarrage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023040244A1
WO2023040244A1 PCT/CN2022/085822 CN2022085822W WO2023040244A1 WO 2023040244 A1 WO2023040244 A1 WO 2023040244A1 CN 2022085822 W CN2022085822 W CN 2022085822W WO 2023040244 A1 WO2023040244 A1 WO 2023040244A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mooring
counterweight
mooring system
rope
buoy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/085822
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
范会渠
丁盛
刘学良
Original Assignee
夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202122278879.4U external-priority patent/CN215971974U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111097940.3A external-priority patent/CN113815781A/zh
Application filed by 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023040244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023040244A1/fr

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/60Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/20Adaptations of chains, ropes, hawsers, or the like, or of parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00Buoys
    • B63B22/04Fixations or other anchoring arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of mooring on water, in particular to a mooring system.
  • Floating structures are subjected to external loads such as wind, waves, and currents at sea, and a corresponding mooring system is required to connect them to the seabed to ensure that they are moored near the target position and will not be washed away by wind, waves, and currents. Run or blow away.
  • Common mooring systems The forms of mooring systems are different according to the target water depth. According to the relative proportional relationship between the size of the floating structure and the water depth, the mooring system can be divided into deep water mooring and shallow water mooring.
  • the projected outer contour area of the underwater part of the floating structure on the horizontal plane as S, and define the characteristic scale of the outer contour of the floating structure
  • the wavelength corresponding to the peak period of the wave spectrum under the design extreme environmental conditions
  • WD the water depth
  • the corresponding mooring system can be regarded as shallow water mooring, and other mooring systems can be regarded as medium Depth or deep water mooring.
  • the usual mooring system lines include catenary, semi-tensioned, or tensioned moorings.
  • Deepwater mooring system design is relatively easy.
  • the design of the mooring system needs to be able to withstand relatively large environmental conditions, and its design has very large technical challenges.
  • the difficulty in the design of shallow water mooring is that if the mooring rope is set in the form of a catenary, the length of the mooring rope must be set very Long, usually shallow water mooring if mooring in the form of a catenary is used, the mooring radius will be more than ten times, or even twenty or thirty times the water depth.
  • the shallow water mooring system is difficult to be made into a tension mooring scheme with a small mooring radius (for example, within ten times the water depth).
  • the reason is that if the shallow water tension mooring is applied, the mooring rope will , deviates from the design equilibrium position, and the mooring rope is in a tight state as a whole.
  • the floating structure when subjected to high environmental conditions and sea conditions, the floating structure is excited by the load of ocean waves, except for the waves that make it deflect slowly. In addition to the drift force and steady force (wind, current), it is also excited by the wave frequency load of the wave.
  • the wave excitation load is one or even two orders of magnitude larger than the slow drift load.
  • the movement of the platform under the wave frequency excitation is transmitted to the tension
  • the mooring line at this time can only rely on the elastic deformation of its own material to bear the load transmitted by the platform, because the material of the mooring line itself has a large stiffness along its length, just like a tight string , is plucked at the upper end, which causes a huge dynamic tension inside the mooring rope.
  • the peak value of the dynamic tension is many times larger than the value of the simple static offset, and the ratio between the two can reach ten times or even dozens of times. .
  • the dynamic response characteristics of the shallow water tension mooring system determine that the shallow water mooring system cannot simply adopt a small radius tension mooring system if it is used as a long-term mooring system to withstand large sea conditions.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mooring system with small mooring radius and low tension to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
  • a mooring system including a mooring rope, one end of the mooring rope is connected to an anchor point on the bottom of the water, and the other end is used to connect to a floating structure on the water surface, the mooring rope
  • the mooring rope is provided with at least one counterweight and at least two buoys, the counterweight and the buoys are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mooring rope, and there are at least one buoy on both sides of each counterweight.
  • At least one mooring rope is provided with a counterweight and a buoy.
  • the sum of the maximum buoyancy of the buoys on both sides of the counterweight is greater than the underwater gravity of the counterweight.
  • the mooring lines are anchor chains or wire ropes or composite cables.
  • the anchor points provide horizontal and vertical bearing capacity.
  • the anchor point is a suction anchor or a mud plate anchor.
  • the counterweight includes a steel shell, and the inside of the steel shell is filled with concrete or iron ore.
  • the buoy adopts a floating ball
  • the floating ball is a steel hollow structure.
  • a single buoy includes several small buoys arranged in a distributed manner.
  • a single counterweight includes several small weights arranged in a distributed manner.
  • a combined structure in the form of "pontoons-counterweights-pontoons” is arranged on the mooring ropes, so that the mooring system as a whole forms the ability to restrict the offset of floating structures in the horizontal direction, and at the same time mooring
  • the system as a whole has sufficient flexibility, and the overall rigidity is small.
  • the wave-frequency motion of the floating structure drives the movement of the mooring connection point, which cannot cause a large increase in the dynamic response load of the mooring system as a whole.
  • a low-stiffness anti-vibration buffer is added, which can reduce the dynamic tension amplitude brought by the wave-frequency excitation in the mooring rope by one to two orders of magnitude, and the dynamic tension brought by the wave-frequency excitation is reduced to the static deflection of the mooring rope.
  • the same level of shifting load can greatly reduce the length of the mooring rope, and the tension level of the mooring rope can also be reduced by an order of magnitude, which greatly reduces the overall cost of the originally expensive shallow water mooring system, which has important Economic Value.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a first implementation of a mooring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the second embodiment of the mooring system of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a second implementation manner of the mooring system of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a third implementation manner of the mooring system of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a floating barge subjected to environmental loads.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
  • the mooring system in this embodiment is a composite mooring system with small mooring radius and low tension suitable for mooring in shallow water, which is proposed according to the dynamic response characteristics of the mooring system in shallow water.
  • the mooring system of the present embodiment includes a mooring rope 1, one end of the mooring rope 1 (such as the end) is connected to the anchor point 2 of the water bottom a, and the anchor point 2 is anchored to the water bottom a, and the other end of the mooring rope 1 (such as the upper end) is used to connect the floating structure 5 on the water surface b, so as to tie the floating structure 5 to the target position area on the water surface b.
  • the mooring rope 1 is provided with at least one counterweight 3 and at least two buoys 4, and the counterweight 3 and the buoys 4 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mooring rope 1 to form a multi-section mooring rope connecting the counterweights 3 and
  • the composite structure of buoys 4, each counterweight 3 has at least one buoy 4 on both sides, so that a combined structure in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4" is formed on the mooring rope 1, through this
  • the combined structure of the mooring rope 1 can realize a spring-like flexible load buffering function in the mooring rope 1 by relying on the upward buoyancy of the buoy 4 in the water and the downward gravity of the counterweight 3 .
  • the sum of the maximum buoyancy of the buoys 4 on both sides of the counterweight 3 be greater than that of the counterweight 3.
  • the underwater gravity of the weight 3 can make the combination structure of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4" in the water in the state that the buoys 4 on both sides lift the middle counterweight 3.
  • the system forms a spring-like return restraint mechanism between the anchor point 2 and the moored floating structure 5, which has a flexible load buffer function and can constrain the water surface deviation of the floating structure 5 in the horizontal direction: If the floating structure 5 deviates, the upper end of the mooring line 1 is connected to the floating structure 5 and will also move accordingly.
  • the mooring system of this embodiment by setting buoys 4 on both sides of counterweights 3
  • the combined structure in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4" makes the mooring system more flexible, and the pre-tension is controllable, and at the same time, there is a buoy on the side of the mooring system close to the floating structure 5 4.
  • the buoy 4 can lift the upper end of the mooring rope 1 to a position close to the water surface b, so that the entire mooring system can have better horizontal restraint on the floating structure 5 .
  • the overall rigidity of the mooring system in this embodiment is much smaller than that of the taut mooring rope without the combined structure of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4", that is, the stiffness of the mooring system in this embodiment is much smaller.
  • the mooring system has great flexibility. After being subjected to environmental loads, the floating structure 5 will shift to a new equilibrium position under the action of a constant force or a slowly changing force (current force, wind force, slow wave drifting force).
  • the excitation of the wave-frequency force moves, because the flexibility of the mooring system in this embodiment is relatively large, the wave-frequency excitation will be buffered by the flexible constraints of the mooring system, so the wave-frequency motion of the floating structure 5 will not
  • the mooring rope 1 causes a dynamic tension tens of times higher than the static equilibrium tension of the mooring rope 1, but forms a dynamic tension of the same magnitude as the static equilibrium tension of the mooring rope 1.
  • the overall tension of the mooring rope 1 in the entire mooring system is limited to a lower level, thereby reducing the technical level and requirements of each component in the mooring system, and can greatly reduce the service length of the mooring rope 1 , and the tension level of the mooring rope 1 can also be reduced by an order of magnitude, which greatly reduces the overall cost of the originally expensive shallow water mooring system.
  • a single buoy 4 may include several small buoys arranged in a distributed manner, and the several small buoys are arranged in a distributed manner to form a function equivalent to one buoy 4 as a whole.
  • a single counterweight 3 may include several small weights arranged in a distributed manner, and the distributed arrangement of several small weights forms a function equivalent to that of one counterweight 3 as a whole.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the mooring system adopts a single mooring rope 1, and the single mooring rope 1 is provided with a combined structure in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4".
  • the number of combined structures on it is not limited, and the single mooring rope 1 can be installed according to actual engineering needs.
  • One or more sets of combined structures in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4" are arranged on the top, and multiple sets of combined structures in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4" can be nested with each other.
  • the number of buoys 4 and counterweights 3 in the combined structure is not limited, it can be one counterweight 3 and two buoys 4 as shown in Figure 1, or according to Practical engineering needs to increase the number of counterweights 3 and buoys 4 .
  • multiple mooring ropes 1 can be provided, wherein At least one mooring rope 1 is provided with a counterweight 3 and a buoy 4, that is, at least one mooring rope 1 is provided with a combined structure in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4".
  • pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4 a combined structure in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4".
  • All the mooring ropes 1 are provided with a combined structure in the form of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4", so as to make the overall effect of the mooring system the best.
  • Fig. 3 show that there are four mooring lines 1 for the mooring system
  • Fig. 4 shows that there are eight mooring lines 1 for the mooring system.
  • the number and spatial arrangement of the mooring lines 1 are not limited to The mode shown in Fig. 2-Fig. 4 can be determined according to actual engineering needs, depending on many factors such as water condition, surrounding facilities, available water area, etc. Even if the mooring systems of the same floating structure all adopt the mooring system In the form of mooring ropes, the specific technical parameters of each mooring rope do not have to be completely consistent with other mooring ropes.
  • counterweight 3 and buoy 4 on a single mooring line 1 is as described above, and can be based on actual engineering needs under the premise of ensuring the formation of at least one set of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4" combined structure. Select the quantity and arrangement of counterweights 3 and buoys 4 to form.
  • the mooring rope 1 plays the role of bearing tension.
  • the mooring rope 1 can use anchor chains, steel wire ropes or composite cables, and the anchor chains can be steel gearless anchor chains.
  • the mooring rope 1 can also use other materials capable of achieving equivalent mechanical functions.
  • the connection between the mooring lines 1 of multiple sections can be completed by using steel shackles or other components with equivalent functions.
  • the anchor point 2 realizes the anchoring of the lower end of the mooring rope 1 on the water bottom a.
  • the anchor point 2 provides horizontal bearing capacity and vertical bearing capacity.
  • the anchor point 2 can be a suction anchor or a deep mud anchor.
  • the anchor point 2 can also adopt other structures capable of realizing the underwater anchoring load-bearing function.
  • the counterweight 3 provides downward gravity in the water.
  • the counterweight 3 may include a steel shell, and the inside of the steel shell is filled with concrete or iron ore.
  • the counterweight 3 can also adopt other structures that can provide the required underwater gravity.
  • the buoy 4 provides upward buoyancy in the water.
  • the buoy 4 can use a floating ball, which is a steel hollow structure.
  • the buoy 4 can also adopt other structures that can provide the required buoyancy.
  • the mooring system of this embodiment can be installed according to the following steps: 1) the anchor point 2 is pre-installed, and the anchor point 2 and a section of mooring rope connected to the anchor point 2 are installed to the designed underwater a anchor point by the construction ship point position, and connect the upper end of the section of mooring rope with a temporary positioning rope and a buoy for easy identification; Connect and assemble by multi-section mooring ropes, then put the combined structure into the water, connect the buoy 4 at one end with the upper end of the mooring ropes on the installed anchor point 2; 3) connect the other mooring rope One end is connected with the floating structure 5, and then the floating structure 5 is dragged in place, and then the other end of the mooring rope is connected with the buoy 4 at the other end of the combined structure, thereby forming a "pontoon 4-counterweight The composite mooring rope 1 structure of the combined structure of block 3-pontoon 4 ".
  • the above installation steps can be flexibly adjusted according to actual construction
  • the floating barge 51 is a barge with a length of 100m, a width of 10m, a dry string of 1m, and a draft of 3m, and is arranged in a water area with a water depth of 10m.
  • the wave perpendicular to the direction of the ship's length is suppressed, and the arrow in Fig. 5 shows the direction of the environmental load. According to the same direction of wind, wave and current, the layout of the whole mooring system is shown in Figure 5.
  • the mooring radius is 30m (the horizontal distance between the mooring rope and the floating barge 51 and the anchor point under the design static balance)
  • the load of the anchor point is also huge, the corresponding design difficulty is also great, and the cost is also extremely high.
  • it is usually adopted to increase the mooring radius to extend the length of the mooring rope, and simply add a weight in the middle of the mooring rope to improve the load of the steel chain.
  • the idea is that when the mooring radius increases, when the floating barge 51 When the wave frequency movement is superimposed at the shifted equilibrium position, the upper end of the corresponding mooring line moves. At this time, the line shape of the mooring line changes with the distance from the anchor point, and the weight may be lifted or lowered. Improves the loading of the mooring lines, but not enough to substantially reduce the dynamic loads. The maximum tension load can still reach the level of five or six hundred tons.
  • each mooring rope is changed into a composite mooring rope 1 structure having a combined structure of "pontoon 4-counterweight 3-pontoon 4", from
  • the floating barge 51 is configured sequentially from the anchor point 2 as follows: a section of 12m mooring rope, a buoy 4 with a maximum buoyancy of 8 tons, a section of 12m mooring rope, a counterweight 3 with an underwater gravity of 5 tons, and a section of 12m Mooring ropes, a buoy 4 with a maximum buoyancy of 8 tons and a section of 22m mooring ropes, under the same environmental conditions, the maximum load of the mooring system drops to 28 tons.
  • the overall technical level requirement of the mooring rope 1 can be greatly reduced, and the corresponding cost can also be greatly reduced.
  • the load of the anchor point 2 is also reduced, and the load at the connection of the floating barge 51 is also reduced, the technical difficulty and requirements of all links of the entire mooring system are reduced, and the cost of the mooring system can reach 5%-20% of the original The ratio has significant economic advantages.
  • the floating structure 5 as an example of a semi-submersible floating wind power system with a displacement of 12,000-14,000 tons, in a sea area with a water depth of 40m-60m, the design wind speed is 50m/s, and the surface velocity is 2m/s. The peak period is 14s and the significant wave height is 10m, which is also a typical shallow water mooring system design. If the mooring form of the traditional catenary line with simple weight blocks in the middle is adopted, even if the anchorage load is dispersed in the form of 9-point mooring arrangement, the mooring radius can still reach eight or nine hundred meters. Or the breaking force of the steel wire rope should exceed 2,000 tons, and the corresponding anchor point level is also extremely high.
  • the material cost of the entire system can reach 70 to 90 million yuan, which is extremely high cost.
  • the grade requirements of construction ships are high, and the corresponding offshore construction costs are also high.
  • the maximum tension value in the corresponding mooring system can be controlled to the level of 200 tons, and the mooring radius can be controlled within 5-10 times of water depth. Therefore, the cost of materials corresponding to the mooring system of this embodiment is far lower than that of the traditional mooring system, and the economic advantages are extremely obvious.
  • the structural design requirements for the connection with the platform are also significantly reduced , which further reduces the cost and engineering design difficulty of the floating platform, and can greatly promote the overall cost reduction of the offshore floating wind power system.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système d'amarrage, qui comprend un gréement d'amarrage (1) ; une extrémité du gréement d'amarrage (1) est reliée à un point d'ancrage sous-marin (2), et l'autre extrémité du gréement d'amarrage (1) est reliée à une structure flottante (5) sur la surface de l'eau ; au moins un bloc de contrepoids (3) et au moins deux flotteurs (4) sont disposés sur le gréement d'amarrage (1), et le bloc de contrepoids (3) et les flotteurs (4) sont répartis à des intervalles le long de la direction de la longueur du gréement d'amarrage (1). Deux côtés de chaque bloc de contrepoids (3) sont respectivement pourvus d'au moins un flotteur (4), et par conséquent une structure composite de type "flotteur (4)-contrepoids (3)-flotteur (4)" est formée sur le gréement d'amarrage (1), ce qui permet au système d'amarrage de produire une capacité de limiter l'écart de la structure flottante dans la direction horizontale, présente également une élasticité suffisante, la rigidité globale est relativement faible, la longueur du gréement d'amarrage utilisée est considérablement réduite, et les coûts sont par conséquent réduits.
PCT/CN2022/085822 2021-09-18 2022-04-08 Système d'amarrage WO2023040244A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202122278879.4 2021-09-18
CN202111097940.3 2021-09-18
CN202122278879.4U CN215971974U (zh) 2021-09-18 2021-09-18 系泊系统
CN202111097940.3A CN113815781A (zh) 2021-09-18 2021-09-18 系泊系统

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WO2023040244A1 true WO2023040244A1 (fr) 2023-03-23

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PCT/CN2022/085822 WO2023040244A1 (fr) 2021-09-18 2022-04-08 Système d'amarrage

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TW (2) TW202313401A (fr)
WO (1) WO2023040244A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5932581A (ja) * 1982-08-17 1984-02-22 Hitachi Zosen Corp 浮体の係留方法および装置
EP0950812A2 (fr) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-20 Yoshio Masuda Dispositif d'exploitation de l'énergie des vagues animé par le flux d'air alternatif
CN2492460Y (zh) * 2001-06-21 2002-05-22 陈杰诚 极浅水系泊装置
CN1810574A (zh) * 2006-02-27 2006-08-02 天津大学 集浮体与重力块结合式深水系泊系统
CN204426351U (zh) * 2015-01-14 2015-07-01 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 具有动力缓冲功能的网箱系泊锚腿
CN106804501A (zh) * 2017-01-27 2017-06-09 中国海洋大学 一种“钻石”型耐流抗风浪深水养殖网箱
KR102296855B1 (ko) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-01 고등기술연구원연구조합 부유식 해상구조물
CN113815781A (zh) * 2021-09-18 2021-12-21 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 系泊系统
CN215971974U (zh) * 2021-09-18 2022-03-08 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 系泊系统

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5932581A (ja) * 1982-08-17 1984-02-22 Hitachi Zosen Corp 浮体の係留方法および装置
EP0950812A2 (fr) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-20 Yoshio Masuda Dispositif d'exploitation de l'énergie des vagues animé par le flux d'air alternatif
CN2492460Y (zh) * 2001-06-21 2002-05-22 陈杰诚 极浅水系泊装置
CN1810574A (zh) * 2006-02-27 2006-08-02 天津大学 集浮体与重力块结合式深水系泊系统
CN204426351U (zh) * 2015-01-14 2015-07-01 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 具有动力缓冲功能的网箱系泊锚腿
CN106804501A (zh) * 2017-01-27 2017-06-09 中国海洋大学 一种“钻石”型耐流抗风浪深水养殖网箱
KR102296855B1 (ko) * 2020-03-26 2021-09-01 고등기술연구원연구조합 부유식 해상구조물
CN113815781A (zh) * 2021-09-18 2021-12-21 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 系泊系统
CN215971974U (zh) * 2021-09-18 2022-03-08 夏尔特拉(上海)新能源科技有限公司 系泊系统

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TW202313401A (zh) 2023-04-01

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