WO2023038543A1

WO2023038543A1 - Method for producing electrical energy from surface waves

Info

Publication number: WO2023038543A1
Application number: PCT/RU2022/050097
Authority: WO
Inventors: Анатолий Евгеньевич ВОЛКОВ
Original assignee: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Гаммарут"
Priority date: 2021-09-11
Filing date: 2022-03-25
Publication date: 2023-03-16
Also published as: CN116761938A

Abstract

A method and a device for producing electrical energy from surface waves can be used for creating wave power stations. The kinetic and potential energy of a surface wave is converted into rotation of a turbine and of a rotor of an electrical energy generator as a result of the acceleration of the flow of water by an annular vertical symmetrical nozzle and by blades of a symmetrical guide apparatus. The body of the nozzle is mounted in the direction of travel of a wave at a given height from the level of the crest and trough of the wave and at a given angle to the plane of the surface of the wave. The position of the body of the nozzle along the vertical direction is adjusted and its tilt angle is selected by means of a computer program. The diameter of the body of the nozzle is not greater than half the annual mean wavelength, and the height of the body of the nozzle is not greater than the annual mean wave amplitude.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY FROM SURFACE WAVES

The invention relates to the field of wave energy and can be used to create wave power plants. The present invention uses the surface wave water flow as an energy carrier, while making the power plant easy, efficient and inexpensive.

[1] An analogue of the technical solution is the method of generating electricity according to the patent - US3965364A USA. [2] The device is a floating body fixed on the surface of the water so as to allow free vertical movement when exposed to a rising wave. The energy collector, connected to the floating body and including the propeller blades, is located at a depth. The movement of water particles is concentrated on the surface, and at depth the amplitude is no more than 0.2% of the amplitude of the wave surface. The reciprocating vertical movement of the hull causes the propellers at depth to rotate. The device uses two or another even number of propellers at once, which rotate in opposite directions and drive pumps that supply water to a turbine that rotates a generator rotor that produces electricity.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the requirement to build the body. The body of the station, which is rocked by the wave, must enter into resonance, which takes time, so the energy of the wave is dissipated, which reduces the efficiency and leads to large friction losses, which increase on transmission mechanisms, piston mechanisms, pipelines and hydraulic accumulators. All this leads to the fact that such a station will have an efficiency not exceeding 1%. A large number of mechanisms used in the analog, a large mass and design complexity make the station massive, expensive and unreliable in operation.

[3] As a second analogue, a method is proposed that uses wave energy, which accelerates the air flow that rotates the turbine blades. One of the most successful projects in terms of processing ocean wave energy is the Oceanlinx turbine-type power plant operating in the Australian city of Port Kemble. At some distance from the shore, a chamber is placed in the sea, which has an opening above the water level. The chamber is securely fixed on the seabed and does not move up and down, the water shafts, passing through it, raise and lower the water level inside the chamber. The very surface of the water inside the chamber remains flat, and the vibrations in the water push and pull air into the chamber through an opening at the top. in the hole an air turbine is installed, the expelled and retracted air rotates the turbine blades and, accordingly, the generator rotor. To rotate the turbine in one direction, the blades have a rotary mechanism that changes their angle of inclination depending on the direction of the air flow. The main disadvantage of this power plant is the high cost of building a large and massive building.

[4] As a third analogue, a method is proposed according to the patent - ES2395688 A1 Spain, which uses a turbine with rotary blades to convert flows into rotation of the generator rotor, installed in a cylindrical housing.

When the fluid moves in one direction, the turbine is driven in the direction of rotation, and when the fluid changes direction, the turbine is driven in the same direction of rotation, which allows it to use, for example, the energy of vertical wave motion. The impeller is located inside a cylindrical housing, where a gradual decrease in the cross section leads to an increase in the speed of rotation of the blades. In order to guarantee the pressure difference between the external wave and the water filling the hull, the surface of the wave must exceed the top cut of the hull to a reasonable height. When water enters and leaves the turbine blades, a guide vane is used, consisting of blades that can change position by changing their angle of inclination, using computer-controlled servomotors. The diffuser, which may be conical or toroidal, is located at the lower end of the housing which communicates with the water. The device is provided with a gearbox with a gearbox that increases the number of revolutions of the turbine and which is connected to an electric generator by means of a flywheel, the mechanisms are installed on a working platform out of reach of the waves. The hull with the turbine is mounted on a base fixed to the seabed.

The disadvantage of analogue is a cylindrical body of great length, which is attached to the bottom of the sea. The length of the cylinder exceeds its diameter, and, consequently, the generator cannot generate much electricity, as it blocks the movement for particles of the surface wave. Electricity generation depends on the flow rate, since this dependence is cubic. In the prototype, the body of the power plant, made in the form of a cylinder of great length, is lowered to a great depth, where the speed of movement of water particles is low, which drives the turbine blades. To reduce the material consumption, the station should be placed closer to the shore in order to reduce the length of the hull, but near the shore, the movement of water particles changes mainly in the horizontal direction. When installing a power plant at a depth where the wave is vertical, the material consumption of the structure increases significantly and at the same time resistance to water flow increases, as a result, the station is not able to generate electricity efficiently. Additional losses in power generation are created by the flywheel, gearbox with gearbox and many turning mechanisms for the blades, which is reflected in the cost and reliability of the plant.

[5] As a prototype, a buoy device was adopted that moved relative to the surface of the wave to convert the kinetic energy of the air flow into electrical energy. The air chamber communicates with the turbogenerator through an air duct and includes a generator, a turbine stage with a stator and a rotor mounted on the same shaft with the generator. The turbogenerator turbine stage has an additional stator located behind the turbine rotor and made symmetrically to the turbine stage stator relative to the rotor rotation plane, impulse turbine.

[5] The impulse turbine was patented by I. A. Babintsev in 1974, where the rotor is basically identical to that of a conventional single-stage axial impulse flow steam turbine. Because the turbine is required to be self-straightening, there are two rows of guide vanes (guide and straightener) arranged symmetrically on both sides of the rotor instead of one row. These two rows of guide vanes are reflections of each other with respect to a plane passing through the rotor disk. The device is used as power sources for navigational equipment, as power sources for signaling and remote control devices, as autonomous power sources for various consumers on the high seas.

[6] In the 1980s, the Wales turbine, similar to the impulse turbine, was developed to convert the energy of an oscillating flow into a unidirectional rotational motion to drive an electrical generator. The Wales Turbine (W-T) consists of a rotor with approximately eight blades divided into blades mounted on a hub such that their chord lines lie in the plane of rotation. Once the blades reach design speed, the turbine generates a time-averaged positive power output from the oscillating airflow with sufficient efficiency.

According to the scheme where the Babentsov I.A. turbine is used. and Wales, for the first time an attempt was made to convert the linear motion of the wave flow into the rotational motion of the rotor along the shortest chain. Energy conversion according to this scheme is carried out under the action of an air flow accelerated by a wave. As is known, the generation of electricity by a generator depends on the density of the flow entering the turbine blades, and since the density of air is approximately 775 times less than the density of water, it is by this value that the generator generates less electricity.

The task is achieved by the fact that the method of generating electricity from surface waves accelerated by a nozzle in a casing protected by grids, fixed on the ground with racks, where the water flow, passing the blades of the guide-straightening device, drives the bladed turbine and water pumps that supply water to rotate the rotor a generator that generates electricity, characterized in that the kinetic and potential energy of the surface wave is converted in the shortest possible way into the rotation of the turbine and the rotor of the generator that generates electricity without the use of water pumps, due to the acceleration of the water flow by the body in the form of an annular vertical symmetrical nozzle and the blades of the guiding symmetrical apparatus , where the accelerated flow from one side of the nozzle enters the turbine blades, spinning the rotor of the generator that produces electricity and, after passing it, leaving the other side of the nozzle, is gradually slowed down by the symmetrical planes of the housing and straightening apparatus located on the opposite side, while the nozzle body is installed at a certain height from the level of the crest and bottom of the wave at a certain angle from the surface plane directed to meet the movement of the wave, and the adjustment of the position of the nozzle body vertically and the angle of inclination is selected by a computer program that works according to the feedback regarding the maximum amount of electricity generated by the generator, while to prevent deceleration of the surface wave flow, where water particles move in a circle, the diameter of the nozzle body does not exceed the average annual half of the wavelength, and the height of the nozzle body does not exceed the average annual wave amplitude. The nozzle body is automatically located in the volume of the surface wave with the help of a computer program and automatic control system, where the maximum amount of kinetic and potential energy is located, allowing you to capture the maximum amount of energy during the circular motion of the flow entering the nozzle body, both from above and below, while the turbine is installed in The critical part of the nozzle rotates in one direction, regardless of the direction of water flow, and the resistance to the incoming and outgoing water flow is reduced due to the twisting of the blades of the apparatus in the direction of turbine rotation and due to the geometry of the nozzle body, where a smooth transition is made between the outer and inner planes from large to smaller sections due to curvilinear generatrices and rounding of the planes of the nozzle body. With the help of a computer programs and the automated control system of the wave power plant during storms are submerged under water to a safe depth, preventing the destruction of the structure, where the generator continues to generate electricity at a safe depth, while to change the vertical position, the body is filled with water or freed from it using a water pump, and to smooth pulsations in the generation of electricity, two or more wave power plants are combined into a single electrical circuit, while allowing the use of the created structure for collecting debris particles that are trapped above and below by protective grids, to increase energy efficiency, the surface of the nozzle body and the blades of the apparatus is made of solar panels, when cooled which water generates more electricity, and the functions of the turbine rotor are combined with the functions of the generator rotor, which allows for greater energy production through water cooling, reducing the number of mechanisms and using unified electrical communications. The buildings of wave power plants line up and serve as a support structure for the sea road, which in case of storms is submerged under water or takes the floating sections aside for the passage of sea vessels, and to accommodate wave stations with a road surface at great depths, the structure relies on an underwater pipeline in which is pumped with air, kept afloat by cables fixed on the ground, through which electricity, hydrogen, desalinated water or chemical products are transported.

The device for generating electricity from surface waves contains a body, grids, racks, hinges, clamps, loops, anchors, cables, pipelines, clutches, water pumps, electromagnets, a nozzle, an axle, a turbine with blades, a generator consisting of a rotor and a stator, electric cable, working winding, characterized in that the nozzle body is a tapering and expanding symmetrical vertical nozzle, made in the form of a flat streamlined ring, the height of which does not exceed the average annual wave amplitude, and the diameter is half the average annual wavelength, installed permanently on the ground due to racks , where one part, depending on the direction of flow, works as a confuser, and the other as a diffuser, on which the blades of the directing vane are fixed, holding the turbine with blades, rotating the generator rotor through the axis, which generates electricity transmitted to the consumer via an electric cable. The generator can be under water, and the rotor rotate in the air due to magnetic clutches or lip seals, where the water is accelerated in the narrowest critical part of the nozzle, rotating the turbine blades, made according to the impulse or WT turbine scheme, which rotates only in one direction, regardless of the direction of the water flow entering the nozzle, while the stationary blades of the guiding and straightening apparatus, which perform the function of the structure holding the turbine with the generator and at the same time the function of water flow accelerators, are placed at an angle between them in the range from 5 to 14 °, which are rounded in the form of a spiral in the direction of rotation of the turbine, and to reduce losses, the nozzle body is made with curvilinear generatrices and rounded transition radii into the critical section of the nozzle and the transition radius between generatrix _rb and _rn , within 0, 1-10, 2 units in relation to the radius to the diameter of the critical part of the nozzle, while the outer diameter of the nozzle body is made with curvilinear inner and outer generators Rb and RH, where Rb does not exceed half the average annual wave amplitude, and RH does not exceed the average annual half of the wavelength, and the narrowing factor is nozzle expansion is in the range from 10 to 30 units. The nozzle body is raised or lowered relative to the ground by a water pump, which, pumping or pumping water into the nozzle body, moves it vertically, after which the position is fixed by a latch on racks that can change their length, and due to hinges, the body is installed under any angle y relative to the water plane, while the above feature allows the use of the design of the wave station for trapping and collecting debris on the grids that protect the turbine from above and below the nozzle body. The magnetic poles of the generator rotor are simultaneously the blades of a water turbine, which create an electromagnetic field that generates electricity due to the stator located inside the nozzle housing containing the working winding, and the working winding exciting the magnetic field, are located inside the turbine blades, where an excitation winding is used to obtain an exciting magnetic field, located on the generator rotor or this winding is connected to a DC source through sliding contacts, and for a low-power generator, the turbine blades are made with permanent magnets, while to improve energy efficiency, the surface of the nozzle body and the blades of the apparatus are made of solar panels that capture direct and reflected water from the sun's rays . Two or more nozzle bodies are installed in a line on racks, where the design of the wave station is made with a massive body and racks made of reinforced concrete and is fixed on the ground in a given position without adjustment in height relative to the ground, acting as a support for a bridge, breakwater, or waterway, and at great depths, wave stations are installed on hinges, which are fixed at the top to the roadbed, and at the bottom with a pipeline consisting of sections where electric cables are laid inside to transmit electricity, desalinated water or hydrogen, while the pipeline serves as a support for the line of wave stations and the roadbed, keeping afloat due to the buoyant Archimedean force and cables passing through the upper and lower loops fixed on anchors placed on the ground, the inner part of the pipeline cavity has a volume filled with air , which is able to keep the entire structure afloat, including wave power plants and the roadbed, while the pipeline is located at a depth of 5-^ 20 m from sea level, where it is not exposed to surface waves, which makes it possible to build sea roads without installing long racks on large depths.

The proposed method is implemented by the wave power plant shown in Fig. 1. The installation includes a nozzle body 1, which is a converging and expanding vertical water nozzle. When water moves from top to bottom, the upper part of the housing acts as a confuser, and the lower part of the housing functions as a diffuser. When water moves from bottom to top, the functions of the confuser are performed by a diffuser, and the diffuser is performed by a confuser. The nozzle body 1 is kept at a stationary distance P from the ground 2, as it acts as a stationary platform around which the water flow moves. The body of the nozzle on the rods 3 is fixed on the ground 2 due to the tubular columns 4, inside which the rods move and are fixed in the desired position by the clamps 5. The total mass of the entire power plant can be changed by filling the body with water, which is pumped in and pumped out by the water pump 6. To hold the body nozzles at a given distance from the ground, it is possible to loosen the clamps at the time of immersion, and then fix the desired position with the clamps on the rods. Water serves as an energy carrier, entering the nozzle body 1 and accelerates to the maximum speed in its narrowest part, i.e. in the critical section, where a screw with blades is installed on the turbine 7, rotating on the axis 8. Turbine 7 begins to rotate under the pressure of an accelerated flow of water, where its blades are made according to the scheme of an impulse turbine by I. A. Babentsov [5] or a Wales turbine [6] . The turbine through the axis 8 rotates the rotor 9 of the generator 10 always in one direction, generating electricity regardless of the change in the direction of the water flow.

To reduce the cost, the turbine is rigidly connected to the generator rotor, which rotates only in one direction, which can significantly reduce energy losses and increase the reliability of the design. For example, when the screw is rotated in one direction or the other, the turbine axis must be equipped with a clutch, which, when rotated in one direction, spins the first rotor of the first generator, and in the other direction the second rotor of the second generator. Without a clutch, it is necessary to use a mechanism for turning the turbine blades. An increase in the number of mechanisms reduces the reliability of the design, increases its mass and cost, but most importantly reduces the energy efficiency of the station. Therefore, a self-regulating turbine for converting wave energy is installed in the critical section of the nozzle, which is an axial turbine of two main types: a WT turbine or an impulse turbine.

[7,8] The characteristics of these turbines have been investigated by experimental measurements and numerical simulations under irregular flow conditions at Saga University. Pulse turbines have been found to have the potential to outperform W-T turbines in overall performance under irregular flow conditions. In the proposed invention, it is possible to use: an impulse turbine with guide vanes with automatic pitch control, an impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes, a W-T biplane turbine with guide vanes, a W-T turbine with guide vanes, a W-T turbine with self-adjusting vanes [6].

The nozzle body, representing a stationary platform and being kept at a stationary distance P from the ground, depending on the amplitude and wavelength due to a computer program, regulates this distance with a change in the vertical and a change in the angle y of the inclination in the plane relative to the water surface. The distance P from the ground to the nozzle body and the angle y are adjusted automatically, under the action of a computer program that fixes the body in space relative to the maximum level of power generation by the generator. Ideally, the critical section of the nozzle body is set in the plane of the average level of the wave 11, located in the center between the crest and the sole. The body is raised or lowered relative to the ground by means of the latch 5 and the water pump 6, which, pumping or pumping water into the nozzle body 1, moves it vertically up or down. Upon reaching a predetermined distance relative to the ground 2, the rods 3 are fixed with clamps 5 on the tubular column 4. The installation of the nozzle body relative to the wave level can be carried out by forcing or discharging water inside the tubular column, where the water, acting on the piston 12, raises or lowers the rod 3, which it is fixed in the desired position with a latch 5. The mechanisms can use both hydraulic and pneumatic lifting, which allows you to install the nozzle body above the ground at a given vertical distance and can install the nozzle body at an angle due to hinges 13, depending on the direction of wave movement. Thus, the nozzle body is installed at the desired depth from the level of the wave crest and bottom in the desired position and at a certain angle from the plane of the water surface. During a storm, the wave station sinks to a depth where power generation continues, but at the same time, the station body is protected from destruction.

The weight of the body of the wave station, made in the form of a platform adjustable in space, can be very light due to the inflatable shell that forms the contour of the nozzle. The weight of the turbine, racks and other components will be reduced through the use of carbon fiber. Consequently, it will be the lightest of all wave hydroelectric power plants that are currently operating in the world. Today, operating analogues of wave stations can produce no more than 3 kW per ton of weight. The proposed station will be able to generate at least 100 kW per ton of its own. The given data and calculations make it possible to note that the proposed wave hydroelectric power plant can be ten times smaller in size and weight than today's similar wave hydroelectric power plants, while it can generate hundreds of times more electricity. A wave power plant operating on an accelerated wave water flow will operate with greater efficiency and more stable than, for example, modern wave power plants using the pendulum swing principle. When the wave propagates from left to right, as shown in Fig. 1, the speed and direction of the particles of the water flow passing inside and outside the nozzle is constantly changing. Figure 1 shows the moment when the wave is in the upper extreme position above the wave power plant and its vertical particle velocity is equal to zero. When the wave is shifted by a quarter of the length X, the particle velocity along the vertical in the center of the station will be maximum, at this moment the generator will produce maximum electricity, since the water particles take the vertical direction, where the velocity is maximum. When the wave is displaced by two quarters of the length X, the velocity of the vertical flow will again be equal to zero. With a displacement of three quarters, the flow changes its direction and passes through the nozzle body from below, that is, the liquid particles move vertically upwards, developing maximum speed. At the next shift, the movement of particles along the vertical is completed and the movement of particles along the horizontal begins, as in the first position, that is, the period of the wave movement begins anew.

With each change in the direction of the flow of water passing through the nozzle, the turbine will first increase and then decrease the rotation speed to zero, and then rotate in the same direction, periodically speeding up and slowing down the rotation. To smooth out ripples during power generation, two or more wave power plants can be combined into a single power system.

This scheme is beneficial in that it allows all generators to be combined into a single system using one cable 14 for power transmission, as well as a common controller, inverter and other devices. The proposed design, due to the supports that can be changed along the length, allows you to change the angle of inclination of the nozzle body in order to further accelerate the flow of water passing through the nozzle and generate more electricity. Adjustment of the position of the nozzle body vertically and with an angle of inclination relative to the plane is provided by a computer program that adjusts the automatic control system relative to the speed of rotation of the turbine.

The proposed design may differ in the location of the generator, which may be under water or above water. When the generator is under water, the rotor 9 rotates due to the axis 8 in the air, and sealing against water is provided by magnetic clutches 15 or the axis can be sealed with lip seals. To reduce the cost of construction, the generator is installed above the nozzle body in the air.

For the safe operation of the wave power plant and to protect its turbine from large objects, such as debris, living organisms and other massive particles, a protective grid is installed above and below the nozzle body. In FIG. 1, an upper mesh 16 is installed on top, and a lower mesh 17 is installed on the bottom of the nozzle housing. In addition to protecting the turbine from objects, the upper and lower meshes will serve as traps for marine debris, which will be removed by special services when accumulated. The grids do not affect the performance of the turbine, since their cell is chosen to be of such a size that it freely passes and releases the flow of water. To equalize and accelerate the flow of water, an upper straightening apparatus 18 is installed under the upper grid, and a lower straightening and directing apparatus 19 is installed above the lower grid. The apparatuses consist of profiled blades that reduce the friction of the water flow and increase the efficiency of the power plant.

In FIG. 2 shows the blades of the apparatuses 18 and 19, which are twisted in a spiral in the direction of rotation of the turbine 7, which further reduces the friction of the water flow at the inlet and outlet of the turbine. The blades of the devices 18, 19 start from the outer diameter of the nozzle body 1 and, twisting in the direction of the vertical rotation of the turbine, also bend smoothly, directing and accelerating the flow of water to the turbine blades 7. To increase power generation, the surface of the nozzle body 1 and the blades of the devices 18, 19 is made from solar panels, which, generating additional electricity, transfer it to the consumer using the same electrical communications that are made to transmit wave electricity. This feature will allow the wave power plant to generate electricity from the sun during calm. The efficiency of a solar power plant placed in water will increase with an increase in efficiency due to its cooling with water.

When using a pulse turbine and W-T, it is possible to combine the rotor with a turbine design, where the magnetic poles of the generator rotor are simultaneously the blades of a water turbine that create an electromagnetic field that generates electricity due to the stator located inside the nozzle body. This scheme will allow much more electricity to be generated by reducing the mechanisms, the mass of rotating parts and the natural water cooling of the generator rotor, which simultaneously performs the functions of a turbine.

[9] As you know, for any electrical machine, the presence of an electrically conductive medium (conductors) and a magnetic field with the possibility of mutual movement is mandatory. When an electric machine is operating in the generator mode, an EMF is induced in a conductor crossing a magnetic field, and a mechanical force acting on a conductor located in a magnetic field is observed when an electric current passes through it.

The design of an electrical machine consists of a fixed part called the stator and a rotating part called the rotor. The rotor is located in the stator bore and is separated from it by an air gap. One of these parts of the machine is equipped with elements that excite a magnetic field in the machine (for example, an electromagnet or a permanent magnet), and the other has a working winding of the machine. Both the fixed part of the machine (stator) and the movable part (rotor) have cores made of soft magnetic material and have low magnetic resistance. At a wave power plant, an electric machine operates in the generator mode, where, when the rotor rotates under the action of an accelerated flow of water, the rotating blade of the turbine, where electromagnets are placed in the blades, EMF is induced in the conductors of the working winding and when the consumer is connected, an electric current appears. In this case, the mechanical energy of the accelerated water flow is converted into electrical energy. Thus, the wave power plant inside the nozzle housing places the working winding located on the stator, and the elements that excite the magnetic field are located inside the turbine blades and are the magnets of the generator rotor.

At wave power plants, permanent magnets on the rotor at the ends of the blades are used only in low-power generators. To generate electricity in large quantities, to obtain an exciting magnetic field, an excitation winding located on the generator rotor is used. This winding is connected to a DC source through sliding contacts made by means of two contact rings located on the shaft and isolated from the shaft and from each other, and two fixed brushes.

As already noted, the accelerated flow of water drives the turbine with the generator rotor placed inside it with a different frequency m. In this case, the magnetic field of the rotor also rotates with a frequency m and induces variable EMF El, E _in , Ec in the three-phase winding of the stator, which, being the same in value and shifted in phase relative to each other by 1/3 of the period (120 el. deg), form a three-phase symmetrical EMF system. With the connection of the load, currents 1A, 1V, 1C appear in the phases of the stator winding. In this case, the three-phase stator winding creates a rotating magnetic field. The frequency of rotation of this field is equal to the time-varying frequency of rotation of the generator rotor (rpm): n = f - 60 /p

[10] When the armature rotates, even in the case of idling, there is a moment of resistance MQ to rotation, which is caused by losses in the generator for friction, eddy currents and hysteresis. This moment is called the idle moment. Under load, as a result of the interaction of the armature current with the magnetic flux of the generator, a braking electromagnetic moment M arises. With any violation of the constancy n * . (1(l) of the rotation speed, a dynamic moment arises: Mj - J where J is the moment of inertia

anchors, u — angular velocity of rotation, rad/sec. In the generator mode, these moments are balanced by the mechanical moment M _mech of the accelerated water flow: M _mech = M _o + M + Mj. This expression is called the generator moment equation. The equation shows that at any time in the generator mode, the mechanical moment of the accelerated water flow is balanced by the idle moments, electromagnetic and dynamic.

With electromagnetic excitation, the flux of the poles is created by excitation windings located inside the turbine blades, fed by direct current or in a self-excited generator, the excitation winding is fed by current from the armature of the same machine.

The proposed wave power plant can operate as a platform rigidly fixed at a certain distance P from the ground. At the same time, the design of the nozzle body is designed in such a way that the power plant generates the maximum amount of energy throughout the year. In order for the station to produce maximum energy, relative to the vertical and horizontal flows of surface waves, it is necessary, using the computer program of the automated system, to locate the station at a certain immersion depth, which will change depending on the change in amplitude and wavelength. When the amplitude and wavelength change, the rotation speed of the turbine will change, while the automatic control system will select the maximum rotation speed at which the position in the space of the wave power plant will be fixed. Unlike previously developed massive wave stations, the proposed station can be made of plastic, thin sheet metal and composite, making the nozzle body light and non-material, which reduces the construction cost and reduces the cost of installing the power plant. Using the mechanism for moving the structure vertically during storms, the station can be submerged under water to a safe depth, protecting it from extreme weather conditions, which gives an advantage over the prototype and analogues, while the generator will generate electricity at a safe depth. To disclose the scheme of operation of the invention below, consider the physics of the surface wave process.

[11] Following the general theory of waves in FIG. 3 we consider a liquid layer of constant depth H, bounded from above by a free surface z = ^(x, y, t), which in the unperturbed state coincides with the plane z = 0. In this case, S is the deviation (with its own sign) of the free surface of the liquid from plane z = 0 at a point with coordinates x, y at time t. On a stationary horizontal bottom, the condition that the normal component of the velocity _vz = 8p-8z = 0 should be equal to zero for z = -H. a is the wave amplitude; 9 - wave phase; k and a are the wavenumber and frequency associated with the wavelength L and the period m by the relations Lk = 2m; ta = 2tg. Note that the double value of the wave amplitude 2 a is called the wave height.

The free surface profile f = acos^v in Fig. 3 is a cosine wave with amplitude a and wavelength X. The points at which the free surface intersects the x-axis (unperturbed surface) are called nodes (cos0 = O = 0); the points of maximum and minimum of the free surface are called, respectively, crests (cosO = 1D = a) and soles (cos0 = - 1D = -a) of the wave. From f = acos^v it _follows that the nodal points correspond to _the phase values of the wave 0 = + np, n = 0, + 1, +2, .... coordinate of the nth anchor point. Thus, x _n \u003d + nm), and all the nodal points of the wave move to

the positive direction of the x-axis with the same speeds x _n = a /k, where the dot means the time derivative. It is easy to see that crests, bottoms and, in general, any fixed wave phase 0 = const move with the same speed. Therefore, the speed x _n \u003d a / k is called the phase velocity of the wave or the speed of the wave. We will designate it as UV, in contrast to v _x and v _z - components of the velocity of fluid particles. Since the profile of the wave f = acos^v moves, this wave is called moving or progressive.

The phase velocity of waves in a basin of infinite depth Zf = <m//s. Taking into account <m ² = dk, we obtain Tf = q/k or Tf = / ^A/(2m). This shows that the propagation speed of a progressive wave in a deep basin is proportional to the square root of its length

Waves whose phase velocity depends on the wavelength are called dispersive, and the relation connecting the frequency, o and the wave number k, is called dispersive. Thus, the considered waves f = acos^v are dispersive, and the relation <m ² = qk is a dispersion relation.

Using cp = Aexp(kz) ~ sin0, <m ² = dk and a = Aad ^-1 , we write expressions for the components of the velocity of fluid particles in the wave process: v _x = 8(p/8x = aa exp(fcz) cosO v _z = <5<p/<5z = aa exp(fcz) sin O. Consequently, the amplitudes of wave velocities decay with distance from the free surface (z = 0) according to the exponential law [exp(fcz)] and at a depth equal to the wavelength (z = -A), exp(2m) (five hundred) times less than on the free surface. With a high degree of accuracy, we can assume that wave perturbations at H = oo do not penetrate to depths greater than wavelengths, and the liquid at these depths ( z \u003d -L) is at rest. So, for a progressive wave, the amplitude of which is 50 cm, and the length is 60 m, (t \u003d 6.3 s), the maximum values of v _x and v _z on the free surface are 50 cm / s, and at a depth of 60 m - less than 1 mm / s.

As can be seen, the dynamic or wave pressure pi decays with depth (with distance from the free surface) according to the same law as the wave velocities v _x , v _z . Therefore, the dynamic pressure at a depth equal to the wavelength is 500 times less than on the free surface. This allows us to neglect in the region |z| > L wave pressure compared to hydrostatic pressure. Therefore, the maximum power generation due to the proposed invention will be when the critical section of the nozzle body is located in the plane of the undisturbed surface (at the average level of the wave) or when the center of the turbine is located at the center of the wave height, between the crest and the sole.

As can be seen from f = acos^v, the position of the ridge corresponds to the value cosO = 1, and, consequently, sin6 = 0. From v _x = 8<p /8x = <z<j exp(fcz) cosO; v _z = 8<р /8z = аа exp(kz) sind we find that in this case v _x > 0, v _z = 0, i.e. the liquid particles in the crest move horizontally in the direction of wave propagation. The bottom of the wave corresponds to the values cosd = - 1, sind = 0, while v _x < 0, v _z = 0, i.e. liquid particles in the sole they also move horizontally, but in the opposite direction to the wave propagation. The node of the wave corresponds to the value cosO = 0, while sinO = +1. In the first case (cosO = 0, sinO = 1; node of the first kind), the particles of the liquid move vertically upwards ( _x > 0, _vz = 0), in the second case (cosO = 0; sinO = - 1; node of the second kind) particles moving vertically downwards (v _x = 0, v _z < 0). Since the values of phase 9 change continuously along the wave, the nodes of the first and second kind alternate.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the velocity vectors of particle motion at characteristic points of a wave propagating in the positive direction of the x axis. As can be seen, the fluid particles in a short progressive wave (A < H) move in a circle around their equilibrium position. In this case, the radii of the circles (oscillation amplitudes) decrease with the depth of the particle immersion (h ₀ = -z ₀ ) according to the exponential law [exp(-fc/i ₀ )]. Note that the oscillation amplitudes of fluid particles lying on the Free surface (h ₀ = 0) are equal to the wave amplitude, and those located at a depth equal to the wavelength (h ₀ = L) are 0.2% of the wave amplitude.

[12] In a sinusoidal wave with a frequency f, the particles of the medium perform harmonic oscillations, so that each particle has the energy E = (1/2) / сЭ, ^г Д ^e DM - the maximum displacement (oscillation amplitude) of the particle from the equilibrium position or in the longitudinal, or in the transverse direction [formula E \u003d -mv ² + ~kx ² \u003d ^t max \u003d ^kA ² , where we replaced A with DM]. Using ( \u003d (1/2 ^k / m or T \u003d 2n m / k) you can express k in terms of frequency: k \u003d 4m ² m ^2. Thus, E \u003d 2n ² mf ² D _4. Mass m \u003d pV, where p is the density of the medium, and V is its volume.In addition, V \u003d Al, where A is the cross-sectional area through which the wave passes, and I is the distance that the wave travels in time t: I \u003d vt (here v is wave speed).Thus, m = pV = pAl = pAvt and

E = 2n ² pAvtf ² D^. (1)

If we consider the leading edge of a sinusoidal wave that has approached the region where there was no wave motion, then it becomes clear that E in formula (1) corresponds to the average energy that is transferred by the wave through the boundary of the region under consideration in time /. Formula (1) is an important result that the energy carried by a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. The energy carried by the wave per unit time is the average power P:

P \u003d E / t \u003d 2n ² pAvf ² D^. (2)

Finally, the wave intensity I is defined as the average power transferred through a unit area of the surface perpendicular to the direction of the energy flow:

We see that the intensity of the wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude.

[13] As is known, the power per unit area of the flow cross section, i.e. the specific power of the flow is equal to: p/F = pv ³ /2, where F is the area of the flow, m ² ; p is the density of the flow substance, kg/m ³ ; v - flow velocity, m/s;

P - power, W.

For a simplified calculation, it can be assumed that power can be removed from one square meter covered by the turbine due to the wind flow: P \u003d 0.22 v ³ , due to the fact that the density of water exceeds the average air density by 775 times, meter blocked by the turbine, due to the water flow, you can remove the power: P \u003d 162 v ³ , since the air or water flow accelerates a special device - a nozzle consisting of a confuser and a diffuser, it is necessary to calculate its parameters in such a way that it has a minimum surface area at the maximum possible efficiency per one or another diameter of the turbine installed in the critical section of the nozzle (the narrowest section of the nozzle).

The cross section of the concentrator (confuser) can be square, rectangular, round or have an arbitrary shape. In the confuser, there is a continuous increase in the speed of water to the highest speed at the turbine inlet.

When using the nozzle body in the proposed invention, the captured water flow, reflected from the plane of the body, is accelerated several times before reaching the turbine. After passing through the turbine, the water flow exits through the same planes, but already representing a diffuser, since the space between these planes begins to expand in its cross section.

[14] As you know, the force of resistance to water flow depends on the shape of the body, where the body in the form of a plate creates a sufficiently high resistance to the water flow, since behind it a whole area of chaotic vortex movement of water is formed, since the pressure drops strongly. The resistance of confusers can be significantly reduced by making a smooth transition from a larger section to a smaller one, using curvilinear generatrices (along a circular arc or other curve), as well as rounding the straight walls of the confusers at the exit to the critical section where the turbine is installed. To reduce losses, the nozzle body shown in FIG. 1, where Dn is the outer diameter of the nozzle body, is made with curvilinear generatrices Rb and RH, where Rb is the inner, and RH is the outer generatrix of the nozzle and with rounded radii rb _and _rn of a certain size, where _rb is the radius of transition to the critical section nozzles, and r _n - the radius of the transition between the generators according to the data [14, pp. 250-251]. For example, with a radius ri reaching 0.2 in relation to r/D0, the resistance can be reduced by more than 5 times. With a further increase in the radius r, the friction decreases slightly. To further reduce friction, it is necessary to make a rounding along the radius _r , for example, with a radius r _n reaching 0.1 in relation to gn / To, the resistance can be reduced by more than four times.

It is rather problematic to determine exactly the resistance to the water flow flowing through the confuser and diffuser, since it is very difficult to calculate the losses for swirling, compression (expansion), heat transfer and other unaccounted for factors. [14] However, according to experimental and theoretical data, it is known that the speed of water entering the turbine will depend on the angle of contraction - expansion of the degree of contraction-expansion n ₀ = - , where is the area at the entrance to the nozzle, g ₀ is the cross-sectional area F _o

water flow in the critical part of the nozzle and the relative length lg/Do and 1DDo, where l _g is the length of the diffuser, h is the length of the confuser.

For example, with a significant increase in the degree of narrowing of the confuser more than 20, the flow of water passing through the confuser begins to decrease, that is, it becomes inefficient to make the degree of narrowing too large. According to [14, p. 209, Table 5-1], for conical diffusers, which include the design of the nozzle body, the optimal expansion ratio is within 6-HO. For a wave station, the ratio 1o/Do, where 1o is the length of the critical part of the nozzle, can be considered equal to zero, therefore C - the diffuser resistance coefficient will be insignificant.

[14] When choosing the degree of constriction of the confuser and expansion of the diffuser, it is necessary to use experimental data, according to which, taking into account the maximum capture of the area of the water flow, the optimal degree of constriction and expansion by the upper value is taken equal to ten. Taking into account the fact that this value was obtained for ideal experimental conditions and the flow of a stream moving along the axis of the nozzle, then, as applied to a surface wave moving along a circle, this value can be increased by two to three times. Thus, the optimal degree of contraction-expansion for a wave station will be in the range from 10 to 30. [14] The flow conditions in short diffusers (with large expansion angles) can be significantly improved, and the resistance reduced if flow separation is prevented in them or vortex formation is weakened. The main measures that contribute to the improvement of the flow in confuser-diffusers include: blowing off the boundary layer; installation of guide vanes (deflectors) and dividing walls. To reduce flow resistance at a wave power plant, in addition to the use of fillets, stationary blades of the guide and straightening vanes are provided, which serve as a structure holding the turbine with a generator and at the same time the function of water flow stabilizers.

[14] According to the data, the optimal angle for the confuser, formed between the planes of the guide vanes, is in the range from 5 to 40°, while for the diffuser it is in the range from 4 to 14°. Taking into account the fact that in this case, when changing the direction of the water, the diffuser changes to a confuser and vice versa, it is advisable to choose the overall angle based on the overlapping range from 5 to 14°. Therefore, the number of blades of the guide and straightening stationary apparatus will be in the range from 25 to 72 blades on each side of the nozzle.

Taking into account the optimization of the design from an economic point of view, namely, the reduction of material consumption for the construction of the nozzle body, it is necessary to strive for the largest possible angle > shown in Fig. 1. To do this, you need to know the real ratio of the wave height to its length. The acceptable degree of constriction of the confuser can be in the range from 10 to 30, the optimal degree of constriction is 20. power. For strong water flows, it is also beneficial to use the largest degree of constriction, since this regulates the flow. Too strongly tapering confuser, with strong waves, will not allow a large flow of water to pass through itself, thereby protecting the turbine from destruction. That is, there is an alignment of the rotation of the turbine, despite significant fluctuations in the speed of water flows.

Taking into account that water particles move in a circle in a surface wave, it is necessary to tilt the nozzle body relative to the horizon to meet the wave propagation by an angle y, which is shown in Fig. 3, where the inclination of the body of the nozzle 1 allows more efficient capture of the flow of water particles moving in a circle. Water particles in the ridge gaining maximum speed along horizontal direction in a larger volume will be caught by the upper plane of the nozzle body inclined to the flow at an angle y, and the water particles in the bottom of the wave will more effectively enter the lower part of the nozzle body, the plane of which will also be inclined to this flow.

The undulating movement of the liquid surface, where the particles move in a circle, should be used to maximize the capture of accelerated particles by the nozzle body, to direct the accelerated flow to the turbine blades. In FIG. 3 shows the location of the nozzle body 1 on the ground 2, due to the rods 3, which, by changing the length, allow you to set any value of the angle y in any direction along the plane.

The largest sizes of surface waves in the open ocean are found in the southern hemisphere, where a continuous water ring covers the land, and where the land does not constrain the waves. Waves up to 400 m long and up to 12 m high were observed in this area, with periods up to 18 sec. And propagation speed up to 15 m per second. The average indicators of ocean waves can be considered a length of 90 m, a speed of 13.5 m / s, a height of 3.5 m and a period of 7 seconds. In practice, due to the intersection in the directions of different waves, the total wavelength decreases, therefore, the calculation of the dimensions of the station and the angle > must be made taking into account real waves. The average wavelength, for example, in the Black Sea is 18 m, where the average wave height reaches 1.25 m, a period of 4 seconds with a propagation speed of 4.5 m/s. Therefore, the diameter of the body of the nozzle of a wave power station cannot exceed half the wavelength, that is, a diameter of 9 m, since the station, operating on vertical waves, should not capture waves that go vertically in opposition to each other. In height, the nozzle body cannot exceed a wave height of 1.25 m, since with an increase in the body dimensions in height, the depth of its immersion increases, where the particle velocity decreases. On the contrary, if the high-sized body is not deeply immersed, then the upper horizontally accelerated layers of water will not be captured. Therefore, with a station diameter of 9 m and a nozzle body height of 1.25 m, the contraction-expansion angle > will be equal to 165°. Taking into account the fact that smaller wavelengths can be formed more often by the average annual number of days, we will take the station diameter to be 4.5 m, height 1.25 m, where > equals 149°. A kunfuzor-diffuser nozzle of this diameter will capture an area of water equal to 16 m ² . With a contraction-expansion coefficient of 10, the cross-sectional area in the critical part of the nozzle where the turbine is installed will be 1.6 m ² , that is, the diameter of the critical part of the nozzle will be 1.43 m, where, taking into account the area occupied by the turbine, the contraction-expansion coefficient will be equal to 20 .In the narrow part of the nozzle, with a wave height of 1.25 m, the flow reaches a speed equal to 10 m / s, due to this, the generated power from one square meter will be:

W \u003d 162 XV ⁵ \u003d 1162 x 10 ³ \u003d 1162 kW.

Therefore, with a water flow area of 0.8 m ² , the turbine will theoretically generate 130 kW. For the Wales turbine, where the efficiency is 55%, the actual output will be 72 kW, for the I.A. Babentsov turbine, where the efficiency is 87%, the output will be 113 kW.

As you know, the Black Sea is inland, so it cannot produce waves of greater height. For waves produced in the oceans of the southern hemisphere, the averages are in the range where the wavelength is 36 m, the wave height is 3.5 m, the period is 6 sec, and the propagation speed is 6 m/s. The vertical height of the nozzle housing for this station can be up to 3.5 m. The diameter of the nozzle for the southern hemisphere wave station can be made within 18 m, while water will be captured from an area of 250 m ² .

With a contraction-expansion ratio of 10, the area of the narrowest part of the nozzle will be 25 m ² , with a diameter of 5.6 m. A wave 3.5 m high with a period of 6 seconds will move vertically with a maximum speed of 1.2 m / s. The maximum speed of the water flow in the narrow part of the nozzle with a contraction-expansion ratio of 20 will be 24 m/s. From one square meter in the narrow part of the nozzle, the station will generate power equal to: W \u003d 162 * V ³ \u003d 162 x 24 ³ \u003d 2240 kW

The area for the passage of water in the narrow part of the nozzle, where the turbine is installed, is 12.5 m ² , therefore, theoretically, the plant will generate a power equal to 28 MW, but with an efficiency of 55% it will be 15 MW, and with an efficiency of 87% it will be 24 MW.

The design of the proposed wave station can be made with a massive body and installed on the ground in a given position without height adjustment relative to the ground, for example, if the body and supports are a reinforced concrete structure. Thus, if you do not move the wave station in space, which will be made without additional lifting-tilting mechanisms, it is possible to install it as a support, such as a breakwater, a bridge or a road over water. For example, these stationary structures of wave power plants, made of reinforced concrete and installed in a line, can serve as breakwaters, protecting the coastal line. The hull of one station on the surface, which is heavier than water and is held on the ground by rigid struts without position adjustment, will be mated with the hull of another station, while performing the functions of the bridge and the road on which the electric vehicle moves. This design of the wave station, which combines the functions of a road bridge, will be especially relevant for the operation of electric vehicles in environmentally friendly areas such as the Black Sea, Caspian or Baltic coasts.

Figure 4 shows a variant of a deep-water bridge, combined with wave power plants, where the nozzle body 1 is installed in line on rods 3 and hinges 13, which are fixed at the top with the roadbed 20, and at the bottom with the pipeline 21, consisting of sections. Inside the pipeline there is a communication line 22, through which electric cables are carried out for the transmission of electricity. When generating electricity by wave power plants, it is possible to organize the production of desalinated water or hydrogen, which will be transported through communication line 22.

The pipeline 21 serves as a support for the wave stations and the roadbed 20 and is kept afloat due to the buoyant Archimedean force and due to the cables 23 passing through the upper loops 24 and the lower loops 25, fixed on the anchors 26. The inner part of the cavity of the pipeline 21 has a volume filled with air , which is able to keep the entire structure afloat, including wave power plants and the roadbed. The pipeline in inland seas is located at a depth of 5^-10 m from sea level, where it is not affected by surface waves, which makes it possible to build sea roads without installing long piles at great depths. The proposed road design can be used, for example, in the Black Sea to connect the Adler airport and the seaport of Sochi, where the straight line is only 20 km. Due to the construction of the sea road, it is possible to significantly unload the land route, reduce the wave load on the coast and clean up the garbage. A 10 m wide sea road, along which a line of wave stations will be located, will generate power on a 2 m high wave, approximately 1 MW per 10 m of length, or 100 MW per 1 km of the road. Therefore, a 20 km long road is capable of generating 2 GW of electricity.

For the passage of ships at the beginning and end of the road with roadbed 20 shown in FIG. 5, the section for the passage of the vessel is opened from two sides, due to the adjustable floating sections 27. Two sections 27 with wave stations and the pipeline diverge in different directions, freeing up space for the passage of ships according to the scheme of the floating drawbridge. The frequency of clearing the roadway will depend on the accumulation of a certain number of ships. In FIG. 5 shows two roadbeds at once, where one roadbed works for the passage of land transport, and the other is divorced for the passage of sea transport, which, entering between the roads, then passes or exits when one roadway closes and the other opens.

The proposed scheme for the construction of wave power plants with a smooth road can be used, for example, to connect Europe with Africa in the area of the Strait of Gibraltar, where the depth of the strait reaches one kilometer. According to this scheme, it is possible to build a road from the Crimea to Turkey or from Russia to Iran along the Caspian Sea. The construction scheme of wave power plants and road surfaces can simultaneously perform the function of gas, oil and chemical pipelines, which can be placed in a transport line located inside an air pipeline, where energy for pumping organic chemistry is used from wave power plants. The energy generated by the wave power plant is used to pump out and pump air or water to the pipeline holding the roadbed, which allows the entire structure to be lowered to a depth to avoid storm effects on the structure or to free up space for the passage of ships.

Therefore, this invention may be useful for widespread implementation in the national economy.

Claims

The method of generating electricity from surface waves accelerated by a nozzle in a housing protected by grids, fixed on the ground with racks, where the flow of water, passing the blades of the guide vane, drives a bladed turbine and water pumps that supply water to rotate the rotor of a generator that generates electricity, characterized in that that the kinetic and potential energy of the surface wave is converted according to the shortest scheme into the rotation of the turbine and the rotor of the generator that generates electricity without the use of water pumps, due to the acceleration of the water flow by the body in the form of an annular vertical symmetrical nozzle and the blades of the guiding symmetrical apparatus, where the accelerated flow is on one side the nozzle enters the turbine blades, spinning the rotor of the generator that produces electricity and, after passing through it, exiting from the other side of the nozzle, it is gradually slowed down by the symmetrical planes of the housing and the rectifier located with the opposite side, while the nozzle body is installed at a certain height from the level of the wave crest and bottom at a certain angle from the surface plane directed to meet the wave movement, and the adjustment of the vertical position of the nozzle body and the angle of inclination is selected by a computer program that works on feedback relative to the maximum amount of electricity generated by the generator, while to prevent deceleration of the surface wave flow, where water particles move in a circle, the diameter of the nozzle body does not exceed the average annual half of the wavelength, and the height of the nozzle body does not exceed the average annual wave amplitude. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle body is automatically located in the volume of the surface wave with the help of a computer program and automatic control system, where the maximum amount of kinetic and potential energy is located, allowing you to capture the maximum amount of energy in the circular motion of the flow entering the nozzle body, as from above , and from below, while the turbine is installed in the critical part of the nozzle rotates in one direction, regardless of the direction of water flow, and the resistance to the incoming and outgoing water flow is reduced due to the twisting of the blades of the apparatus in the direction of rotation of the turbine and due to the geometry of the nozzle body, where between the outer and inner planes a smooth transition from large sections to smaller due to curvilinear generatrices and rounding of the planes of the nozzle body. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the help of a computer program and an automated control system, a wave power plant is submerged under water to a safe depth during storms, preventing the destruction of the structure, where the generator continues to generate electricity at a safe depth, while the body is filled to change the vertical position water or is released from it with the help of a water pump, and to smooth out the pulsations in the generation of electricity, two or more wave power plants are combined into a single electrical circuit, while allowing the use of the created structure for collecting debris particles that are trapped above and below by protective grids. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to improve energy efficiency, the surface of the nozzle body and the blades of the apparatus is made of solar panels, when cooled by water, more electricity is generated, and the functions of the turbine rotor are combined with the functions of the generator rotor, which allows for greater energy production due to water cooling, reducing the number of mechanisms and the use of unified electrical communications. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the buildings of wave power plants line up and serve as a supporting structure for the sea road, which in case of storms is submerged under water or takes the floating sections to the side for the passage of ships, and to accommodate wave stations with a road surface on at great depths, the design relies on an underwater pipeline into which air is pumped, kept afloat by cables fixed on the ground, through which electricity, hydrogen, desalinated water or chemical products are transported. A device for generating electricity from surface waves, containing a body, a sect, racks, hinges, clamps, loops, anchors, cables, pipelines, clutches, water pumps, electromagnets, a nozzle, an axis, a turbine with blades, a generator consisting of a rotor and a stator , electric cable, working winding, characterized in that the nozzle body is a narrowing and expanding symmetrical vertical nozzle, made in the form of a flat streamlined ring, the height of which does not exceed the average annual wave amplitude, and the diameter is half the average annual wavelength, set stationary on the ground due to racks, where one part, depending on the direction of flow, works as a confuser, and the other as a diffuser, on which the blades of the directing vane are fixed, holding the turbine with blades, rotating the rotor of the generator through the axis, which generates electricity transmitted to the consumer via an electric cable. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the generator can be under water, and the rotor can rotate in the air due to magnetic clutches or lip seals, where the water is accelerated in the narrowest critical part of the nozzle, rotating the turbine blades, made according to the impulse or WT scheme a turbine that rotates only in one direction, regardless of the direction of the water flow entering the nozzle, while the stationary blades of the guide and straightening vanes, which perform the function of a structure holding the turbine with a generator and at the same time the function of water flow accelerators, are placed between themselves at an angle in the range of 5 up to 14 °, which are loaded in the form of a spiral in the direction of rotation of the turbine, and to reduce losses, the nozzle body is made with curvilinear generators and rounded transition radii into the critical section of the nozzle and the transition radius between the generatrices _rb and _rn , within 0.1-NE .2 units in relation to radius to diameter, the critical part of the nozzle, while the outer diameter of the nozzle body, is made with curvilinear inner and outer generators Rb and RH, where Rb does not exceed half of the average annual wave amplitude, and RH does not exceed the average annual half of the wavelength, and the contraction-expansion coefficient nozzle is in the range from 10 to 30 units. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the nozzle body is raised or lowered relative to the ground by a water pump, which, pumping or pumping water into the nozzle body, moves it vertically, after which the position is fixed by a latch on racks capable of changing their length, and due to the hinges, the body is installed at any angle y relative to the water plane, while the above feature allows the use of the wave station design for trapping and collecting debris on the grids protecting the turbine from above and below the nozzle body. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the magnetic poles of the generator rotor are simultaneously the blades of a water turbine that create an electromagnetic field that generates electricity due to the stator located inside the nozzle housing containing the working winding, and the working winding that excites the magnetic field is located inside the turbine blades, where for receiving excitation magnetic field, an excitation winding is used, located on the generator rotor, or this winding is connected to a DC source through sliding contacts, and for a low-power generator, the turbine blades are made with permanent magnets, while to improve energy efficiency, the surface of the nozzle housing and the blades of the apparatus are made of solar panels capturing direct and reflected sunlight. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that two or more nozzle bodies are installed in a line on racks, where the design of the wave station is made with a massive body and racks made of reinforced concrete and is mounted on the ground in a predetermined position without adjustment in height relative to the ground, performing functions in as a support for a bridge, breakwater, or waterway, and at great depths, wave stations are installed on hinges, which are fixed at the top to the roadbed, and at the bottom with a pipeline consisting of sections, where electric cables are laid inside to transmit electricity, desalinated water or hydrogen, while the pipeline serves as a support for the line of wave stations and the roadbed, being kept afloat due to the buoyant Archimedean force and cables passing through the upper and lower loops, fixed on anchors placed on the ground, the inner part of the pipeline cavity has a volume filled with air, which is able to keep afloat the entire structure, including wave power plants and the road bed, while the pipeline is located at a depth of 5-^ 20 m from sea level, where it is not exposed to surface waves, which makes it possible to build sea roads without installing long racks at great depths.