RU2347935C2 - In-channel river plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to damless river plant usually built on flat-terrain water-abundant rives, a narrow valleys, on mountain rivers as well as in vigorous sea and ocean streams. The in-channel hydroelectric power station comprises water intake with a garbage arrester screen, penstock, hydraulic turbine and suck-out pipe. The water intake and suck-out pipe are made up of several Venturi tubes inserted one into the other, each comprising two shaped sections, .i.e. a converging (confuser) and diverging (diffuser) sections interconnected by their smaller bases. The inner (smaller) Venturi tube has its diffuser larger base arranged with a gap in the larger tube narrow section. The aforesaid tube has its smaller bases of the confuser and diffuser connected to the ends of siphon pipe acting as a turbine conduit and communicates with hydraulic turbine mounted on the ground or on a pontoon.

EFFECT: expanded performances, higher power output of generator turbine.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to damless hydroelectric power plants, which are located on plains of high water rivers, in narrow, compressed valleys, on mountain rivers, as well as in fast currents of seas and oceans.

The most important feature of hydropower resources in comparison with fuel and energy resources is their continuous renewability. The lack of need for fuel for hydropower plants determines the low cost of electricity generated at hydropower plants. Therefore, the construction of hydropower plants, despite significant, specific investments per 1 kW of installed capacity and long construction periods, has been attached and is attached great importance, especially when it is associated with the location of electric-intensive industries.

Of course, hydroelectric power plants, unlike thermal power plants, do not poison the atmosphere, do not contribute to global warming and do not reduce fossil fuel reserves. And a kilowatt of energy is cheaper than a thermal power plant. True, construction is quite expensive: huge dams, canals, colossal volumes of earthwork and concrete work. And environmentally such hydropower plants are by no means safe. Dams disturb the natural life of the river, the fish die, the banks become swampy, large areas of fertile soil disappear under the reservoirs. Sometimes the local climate does not change for the better.

The level of hydropower development in different countries and on different continents is not the same. The United States of America generates the most hydroelectricity, followed by Russia, Ukraine, Canada, Japan, Brazil, China and Norway.

The potential of the world's hydropower resources is more than 2200 GW. Used percentage of hydropower resources -21%. /http://www.allsoch.ru/

The depreciation of hydraulic structures in Russia today is 70% and they "pose a serious technological danger in the light of the terrorist threat." / REGNUM /

So, in industrialized countries, the construction of power plants on large rivers, obviously, has no prospects. Moreover, in the USA, for example, a program is being developed for the gradual elimination of hydroelectric power plants that harm the environment. The “first sign” was the decision to allocate funds for the dismantling of the dam at the Edward Power Plant on the Kennyebek River in Maine.

In recent decades, attempts have been made in our country and abroad to create low-pressure turbines for damless hydroelectric power stations. Various designs have been developed (with the axis of rotation of the impeller, perpendicular or parallel in current). For example, engineer B. Blinov constructed the so-called end axial turbine. Several hydraulic motors were mounted on a flexible shaft (cable), forming a "end garland". As a result, it became possible to use the energy of winding rivers and even streams. (Blinov proposed a number of designs for this purpose, one of which is described in TM, 7 for 1964 - Ed.). In the mid 70's. experiments were carried out on the use of a Darje turbine with straight blades, a free-flow funnel-shaped Tyson turbine, a multi-stage free-flow hydraulic motor with blades made of elastic material, etc. were proposed.

However, all these devices have not received distribution due to low efficiency, not exceeding 10-15%. It was possible to solve the difficult technical problem by creating a reactive cross-jet helical turbine with spiral blades. The author of this invention, patented in the USA in 1994, is Alexander Gorlov, our compatriot, now the director of the laboratory of water and wind energy at Northeastern University in Boston.

What are the advantages of the Gorlov turbine? Its efficiency is 2-3 times higher than that of any other operating in a free flow, without a dam. It rotates evenly, without ripples and vibrations. Unlike conventional multi-ton metal turbines of river and tidal power plants, a plastic helicoid has a very small size (diameter - 1 m, length - 84 cm) and weighs only 35 kg. To obtain the required power, you can use any number of such turbines mounted on the shaft of the generator. The surface of the impeller has a special elastic coating that reduces friction against water and prevents the adhesion of algae and mollusks.

Studies to determine the optimal parameters and improve the design of the turbine were carried out in the laboratory of water and wind energy at Northeastern University, and then in the laboratory of the University of Michigan. In 1996, tests of prototypes were transferred to production conditions: they worked for three months during the ebb and flow in the Cape Cod canal near Boston, showing high reliability and operational efficiency.

To generate 136 MW of electricity at a hydropower plant off the Marathon Island, 50,000 Gorlov turbines will be required, from sections of 16 turbines on a 13-meter shaft and about 3.5 thousand generators of 38 kilowatts in a waterproof shell. All these systems are suspended from metal sections measuring 40 by 40 meters, 16 turbines per section, at a depth that provides easy passage of ships. / TECHNOLOGY-YOUTH 11/1998 /

It must be assumed that the placement and maintenance of a huge number of low-power turbines and generators in the free flow of ocean currents is ineffective.

The closest technical solution-analogue is a hydroelectric power station, which was invented by employees of the St. Petersburg Military Engineering University, led by A. Savchuk. The power plant is installed in the riverbed, below the possible level of ice formation. A gearbox and an electric generator are installed directly on the ceiling of the housing in the room, to which rotation from the turbine is transmitted through the shaft. A stream of water moving along the river flows around the ice-cutting support and boom nets protecting the structure during the ice drift, as well as fish from getting into the turbine rotors. The flow enters the confuser channel, formed by the walls of the hydroelectric power station, and then, having accelerated, is directed to the wheel blades, rotates the turbines and, accordingly, the generator shaft, generating electricity. Having passed the last hydraulic wheel, the flow enters the diffuser channel, where its velocity decreases to the course of the river with which it mixes (RU 2171910 C1, 08/10/2001, F03B 13/00).

This technical solution does not exclude interaction with the ice drift, because has a surface part, in which the gearbox and generator are located. In addition, the turbine is made with vertical blades, on a vertical shaft and placed in the flow by one half, the second half of the blades are placed in a recess and forced to spend energy on useless mixing of water. In addition, the confuser, in this technical solution, can increase the flow rate of the turbine only 4-6 times.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the use of channel hydroelectric power for ocean currents, a significant increase in power due to the acceleration of the flow of water from the generator turbine.

The solution to which the invention is directed is achieved by the fact that the channel hydroelectric power station, including a water intake with a trash guard, a turbine water conduit, a hydraulic turbine and a suction pipe, is made of several Venturi pipes inserted into each other, each of which consists of two shaped sections - converging (confuser ) and diverging (diffuser), interconnected by smaller bases, and the inner (smaller) of the venturi pipes with a wide base of the diffuser is installed with a gap in the narrow place of the larger pipe and, with smaller bases of the confuser and diffuser, the smaller venturi pipe is connected to the ends of the siphon pipe, which acts as a turbine conduit and is connected to a hydraulic turbine on the shore or on the pontoon.

The figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a hydroelectric power station for narrow sections of rivers, in figure 2 - for ocean currents.

Designated: 1 - external venturi; 2 - inner (smaller) venturi pipe; 3 - confuser of the outer pipe; 4 - confuser of the smaller pipe; 5 - diffuser of the outer pipe; 6 - diffuser of a smaller pipe; 7 - narrow base of the outer venturi 1; 8 - narrow base of the confuser and diffuser of the inner venturi 2; 9 - the gap between the wide base of the diffuser 6 of the inner venturi 2 and the narrow base 7 of the outer venturi 1; 10 - siphon pipe; 11 - a hydraulic turbine with an electric generator; 12 - shore (1 option) or pontoon (2 option - figure 2); 13 - electrolyzer; 14 - a container for storing hydrogen; 15 - a protective lattice.

The channel hydroelectric power station is installed in a narrow compressed river valley or in fast sea or ocean currents and is a guiding apparatus, which is made of several Venturi tubes 1, 2 built into each other, each of which consists of two shaped sections - converging (confuser) 3, 4 and diverging (diffuser) 5, 6, interconnected by smaller bases 7, 8, and each inner (smaller) venturi 2 with the wide base of the diffuser 6, is placed with a gap 9 in the bottleneck 7 of the outer (larger) pipe 1, and smaller E 8 bases converger cone 4 and 6 smaller venturi tube 2 is connected to the ends of the siphon tube 10 which acts as a turbine and conduit 11 is connected with the water turbine on shore or on a pontoon 12 12 (2).

The riverbed hydroelectric power station can be equipped with an electrolyzer 13, for producing hydrogen and oxygen, with tanks 14 for storing hydrogen and refueling fuel cells in containers on ships.

The operation of the hydroelectric power station is carried out due to the kinetic energy of the water flow passing through the siphon pipe at a turbine speed of at least 15-20 times greater than during a river or in a free stream of an ocean current.

For example, one hydroelectric station the size of a railway tank with a river flow speed of more than 10 km / h can produce more than 5 mW, which will provide electricity to a city with a population of 20,000 people, and with a nuclear submarine larger than 250 MW, a city with a population of more than 1 million people.

And since the capacity of ocean currents is colossal (the Gulf Stream - the average water flow in the Strait of Florida is 25 million m ³ / s (20 times the total water flow of all rivers of the globe), Kuroshio - the width is 170 km, the depth is up to 700 meters, the average flow water 38 million cubic meters per second), the construction of such hydropower plants will significantly reduce the need for non-renewable energy sources - oil, gas, coal, etc. for thermal power plants and switch to environmentally friendly energy sources.

The undeveloped hydropower resources of Africa, Asia and South America offer great opportunities for the construction of new hydropower plants. North America, which owns approximately 13% of the world's hydropower resources, accounts for about 35% of the total capacity of existing hydropower plants. At the same time, Africa (21% of the world's hydropower resources) and Asia (39%) contribute only 5 and 18%, respectively, to global hydropower production. Of the other continents, Europe (21% of the resources) produces 31% of the production, while South America and Australia, combined with approximately 15% of the resources, produce only 11% of the world's hydroelectric power.

The Gulf Stream hydropower project aroused great interest among Japanese experts. According to them, the construction of such power plants in the Pacific Kuroshio will strengthen the energy base of the economy and improve the environmental situation in the country by reducing the number of thermal power plants. Looking at more distant prospects, Japanese scientists believe that ocean hydroelectric power plants will best provide electricity to the “sea” cities on artificial islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Claims (1)

A channel hydroelectric power station, including a water inlet with a trash guard, a turbine water conduit, a hydraulic turbine and a suction pipe, characterized in that the water intake and suction pipe are made of several Venturi pipes built into each other, each of which consists of two sections - converging (confuser) and diverging (diffuser), interconnected by smaller bases, the inner (smaller) of the venturi pipes with a wide base of the diffuser installed with a gap in the bottleneck of the larger pipe, and less With the foundations of the confuser and diffuser, the smaller venturi pipe is connected to the ends of the siphon pipe, which acts as a turbine water conduit and is connected to the hydraulic turbine on the shore or on the pontoon.

Images