RU2523082C1 - Mobile flow-through hydraulic power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: movable flow-through hydraulic power station contains pontoon 1, fixed with anchors 2, body of water pipeline, hydraulic drive, electric current generator, control mechanisms. Body is made in the form of two hollow cylindrical pipelines 5 and 6 arranged coaxially one after another. First of the pipelines of larger section is turned by its free front end towards the water stream, the rear end of which is connected by means of cone hollow insert 7 to the front end of the pipeline of smaller section, the second end of which is open. Body is mechanically coupled with the energy unit 8. Hydraulic drive and electric current generator, the shafts of which are interconnected, are located inside this unit. Body and energy unit are attached to the bottom of the pontoon 1. Pressure tube 46, made in the form of Pitot tube, the free bent end of which is turned towards the moving water stream, and the other end through the stopcock 47 is connected to the inlet tube of turbine of hydraulic drive and its outlet tube is connected to the interior cavity of housing of minor section, is installed inside the housing of larger section.

EFFECT: design simplification, increase of efficiency, improvement of air-tightness and increase of quantity of power supplied to the consumer.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of hydropower and may find application as a hydropower plant.

Known underwater hydroelectric power station, comprising a housing, an inlet confuser made in a spiral shape, its inlet section has a rectangular shape, and the outlet diffuser is provided with curved blades that are curved in the direction opposite to the direction of twist of the confuser. Between the confuser and the diffuser there is a turbine mechanically connected to an electric current generator (Auth. Certificate. No. 1737149, publ. 30.05.92, class F03B 13/00).

A subsea hydroelectric power plant is known, comprising a casing with an inlet confuser installed in water compartments, at the outlet of which a hydraulic actuator is arranged sequentially inside the casing, made in the form of a vane turbine with a horizontal shaft with bearings, and an electric generator whose rotor is connected to the shaft through two half couplings hydraulic actuator, while the generator is placed in a sealed compartment of the housing having a longitudinal annular channel for the passage of water between the outer wall of the housing and it is sealed m compartment, which using several ribs connected to the outer wall of the housing (Aut. certificate. No. 436382, CL F03B 13/00, publ. 15.07.74).

The disadvantages of analogues are: design complexity, low efficiency, lack of tightness, the difficulty of installing a hydroelectric power station.

These disadvantages are due to the design of hydroelectric power plants.

Also known is an underwater hydroelectric power station, which is installed in a stream of water, a compartmented housing with an inlet confuser. Inside the housing, a hydraulic actuator is arranged in series, made in the form of a vane turbine with a horizontal shaft with bearings, and an electric generator, the rotor of which is connected to the hydraulic drive shaft through two half couplings. The generator is placed in a sealed compartment of the housing. At the input confuser, a protective grid is installed. The hydraulically driven housing compartment has longitudinal output windows and a reflector of the internal water flow, made in the form of a truncated cone and hermetically connected to a cylindrical shell, inside of which a horizontal turbine shaft is mounted on bearings. The shaft has a mechanical seal, hermetically connected to the cylindrical shell. The tail compartment of the housing is sealed in the form of a truncated cone and has a sealed waterproof electrical connector with an electric cable mounted on a smaller base. Various methods of holding the housing at a certain depth and a specific location are listed (RF Patent No. 2139972, CL F03B 13/00, E02B 9/00).

Known hydroelectric power according to patent No. 2139972, as the closest in technical essence and achieved useful result, adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the famous hydroelectric power station according to patent No. 2139972, adopted as a prototype, are: low efficiency, the complexity of the installation and process control in it, a small amount of electricity generated.

These disadvantages are due to the design of the hydroelectric power station, the presence of a conical reflector of the water stream, which reflects the water flow towards the working stream, reduces its dynamic characteristics and thereby reduces the speed of the turbine, creates vortex flows, to overcome which part of the energy is spent.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the technical characteristics of a hydroelectric power station.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that in a mobile flowing hydroelectric power station containing a pontoon fixed by anchors at the bottom of the river, a water conduit body with a front protective grill installed in the water stream, a hydraulic actuator, an electric current generator, hydroelectric power control mechanisms, according to the invention, the water conduit body is made in the form of two cylindrical hollow pipelines of rectangular or circular cross-section, mounted coaxially one after another, the first of which, of a larger cross-section, is turned with its one front end, closed by a protective net, towards the water flow, the rear end of which is connected through the conical hollow insert to the front end of the smaller section pipe, the second end of which is open, in addition, the water main body is mechanically connected to the energy block made in the form of a rectangular box, hermetically closed by a lid and divided into two sections, in one of which a hydraulic actuator in the form of a turbine is installed, comprising a housing having a spherical chamber on the inner surface, a turbine wheel, which is a hub, which is connected by means of spokes to a sleeve to which blades are welded at an angle α = 70 °, and to both ends of the ends, with an inlet pipe and an outlet chamber connected to an outlet pipe. bushings and hubs bolted lateral disks with central holes for shaft passage, in the second section there is a three-phase electric current generator, the shaft of which, by means of a ball sealing transmission mechanism, installed connected on the partition separating both sections, is connected to the hydraulic drive shaft, and the output of the electric current generator is connected via a step-up three-phase transformer to consumers of electric current, the power unit and the casing of the water supply via racks connected to the lower part of the pontoon, in addition, a larger cross-section is installed inside the water conduit a pressure pipe made in the form of a pitot tube, the free bent end of which is turned towards the moving flow and through a shut-off valve connected to the inlet pipe hydraulic drive urine, and its outlet pipe is connected via a pipe to a smaller section of the water conduit, the longitudinal axis of the bent end of the discharge pipe coincides with the longitudinal axis of the water conduit, and the area of the larger section of the water conduit refers to the area of the smaller section of the water conduit as 10: 1, in addition , a heat control panel that boosts a three-phase transformer, batteries for powering the field windings of the rotor of an electric current generator are located indoors, installed on the top of the pontoon.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in figure 1. shows a general view of a mobile flowing hydroelectric power station;

figure 2 is a view of a mobile flowing hydroelectric power station in front;

figure 3 - location of the mechanisms of the energy block;

figure 4 - the device of the hydraulic actuator;

figure 5 is a side view of the turbine of the hydraulic actuator;

6 is a diagram of a three-phase electric current generator;

7 is a block diagram of a hydroelectric power station;

on Fig - the principle of operation of a hydroelectric power station.

A mobile flowing hydroelectric power station comprises a pontoon 1, fixed by anchors 2 at the bottom of the river, a casing of a water conduit 3 with a front protective net 4, mounted in a water stream. The casing of the water conduit is made in the form of two cylindrical hollow pipelines 5 and 6 of rectangular cross section or round, mounted coaxially one after the other, the first of which, of a larger cross section, is turned with its front free end towards the water flow, the rear end of which is connected to the front through the hollow conical insert 7 the end of the pipeline of a smaller section, the second end of which is open. The casing of the water conduit is mechanically connected to the energy block 8, made in the form of a rectangular box 9, hermetically sealed with a lid 10 and divided into two sections 11, 12, the first of which has a hydraulic actuator 13 in the form of a turbine containing a casing 14 having a spherical chamber on the inner surface 15, connected to the inlet pipe 16 and the outlet chamber 17, connected to the outlet pipe 18. A turbine wheel, which is a hub 19, which is connected to the hub by means of spokes 20, is inserted with a small gap 21, to which at an angle α equal to 70 °, blades are welded to the diameter line 22. Side disks 23 with central holes for passage of shaft 24 are bolted to both end faces of the sleeve and hub. In the second section there is a three-phase electric current generator containing a housing 25, closed by a cover 26, into which a rotor 27 mounted on bearings 28 is inserted. Two steel tips 29 having six teeth are pressed onto the rotor. The tip of one half of the rotor has a north magnetic pole N, and the tip of the other half has a south S. A steel sleeve 30 is installed between the tips, and an excitation winding 31 is installed on it, the ends of which are electrically connected to the contact rings 32. Both rings are isolated from the shaft. Two graphite brushes 33 are installed in the brush holder 34 and pressed against the rings by springs 35. Inside the housing, a stator 36 is installed, assembled from plates and having windings 37, consisting of coils distributed in three phases. The output of the stator windings is connected to the input of a three-phase step-up transformer 38, the output of which is connected to consumers of electric current 39. Disks 40 are mounted on the shafts of the hydraulic turbine and electric current generator, interconnected by a rod 41 inserted inside the ball 42 installed in the ball joint of the partition 43. On both ends of the rod are fitted with cuffs 44 mounted on a ball joint. The ball sealing gear ensures tightness and transmission of rotation from the hydraulic drive to the electric current generator. The energy block and the body of the conduit by means of struts 45 are attached to the bottom of the pontoon. A pressure pipe 46 made in the form of a pitot tube is installed inside the casing of a larger cross-section, the free bent end of which is turned towards the moving water stream, which is connected through the shut-off valve 47 to the inlet pipe of the hydraulic drive turbine, the outlet pipe of which is connected via pipe 48 to the internal cavity of the body conduit of a smaller section. The larger cross-sectional area of the water main body refers to the area of the smaller cross-section of the water main body as 10: 1. A thermal control panel that boosts the three-phase transformer, rechargeable batteries 49 for supplying the excitation windings of the rotor of the three-phase electric current generator are located indoors 50, installed on the top of the pontoon.

A mobile flowing hydroelectric power station operates as follows.

, где V - скорость движения водного потока, а g - ускорение силы тяжести (Роман Куркевич. Пять стихий Аристотеля. Наша ксенгарня. Варшава, 1977, с.52). Далее вода поступает во впускной патрубок 16 турбины гидропривода 13, в сферическую камеру 15, а из нее в ковши турбины, образованные втулкой 21, лопастями 22 и боковыми дисками 23. Сферическая камера 15 позволяет водному потоку воздействовать одновременно на несколько лопастей 22, что увеличивает мощность на валу турбины (на фигуре 8 показано стрелками). Пройдя через турбину, вода попадает в выпускную камеру 17, из которой по трубопроводу 48 удаляется внутрь корпуса водовода меньшего сечения 6, при этом в выпускной камере создается разрежение, как в пульверизаторе или эжекторном насосе, что также повышает мощность турбины. При этом скорость движения воды в корпусе водовода меньшего сечения 6 в 10 раз больше, чем в корпусе водовода большего сечения. При вращении вала 24 турбины гидропривода вместе с ним вращается и диск 40, установленный на нем, который через стержень 41 и шар 42 вращает диск 40, установленный на роторе 27 трехфазного генератора электрического тока. Северные и южные полюсы электромагнитов, ротора 27 последовательно пересекают витки катушек статора и своими полями создают в них переменное трехфазное напряжение, которое поступает на трехфазный повышающий трансформатор 38 и далее следует потребителям 39. Часть электроэнергии поступает на зарядку аккумуляторных батарей 49. В процессе работы количество воды, подаваемое напорной трубой 46 можно регулировать запорным краном 47, уменьшая или увеличивая его проходное сечение и тем самым изменяя частоту вращения вала 24 турбины или его останавливая.After selecting the installation site, where there is a rapid flow and large movement of water masses with sufficient depth, the hydroelectric power station is delivered by tug to the installation site, anchors 2 are lowered and divers fix them at the bottom of the river. After checking all the systems, the stopcock 47 opens. A large mass of water enters the casing of the larger section 5 at a speed V and then leaves the casing of the smaller section 6 at a higher speed. When this water under dynamic and static pressure rises through the pressure pipe 46 up to a height $$h=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}^2}{2g}$$

, where V is the velocity of the water flow, and g is the acceleration of gravity (Roman Kurkevich. The Five Elements of Aristotle. Our Xenharn. Warsaw, 1977, p. 52). Next, the water enters the inlet pipe 16 of the hydraulic drive turbine 13, into the spherical chamber 15, and from it into the turbine buckets formed by the sleeve 21, the blades 22 and the side disks 23. The spherical chamber 15 allows the water flow to act simultaneously on several blades 22, which increases the power on the turbine shaft (shown in FIG. 8 by arrows). After passing through the turbine, water enters the outlet chamber 17, from which it is removed through a pipe 48 inside the casing of a smaller section 6, while a vacuum is created in the outlet chamber, as in a spray gun or ejector pump, which also increases the power of the turbine. In this case, the water velocity in the casing of a smaller section 6 is 10 times greater than in the casing of a larger section. When the shaft 24 of the hydraulic drive turbine rotates, the disk 40 mounted on it rotates with it, which rotates the disk 40 mounted on the rotor 27 of the three-phase electric current generator through the rod 41 and ball 42. The north and south poles of the electromagnets, rotor 27 sequentially intersect the turns of the stator coils and with their fields create an alternating three-phase voltage in them, which is supplied to the three-phase step-up transformer 38 and then goes to consumers 39. Part of the electricity is supplied to charge the batteries 49. During operation, the amount of water supplied by the pressure pipe 46 can be adjusted by a shut-off valve 47, decreasing or increasing its flow area and thereby changing the speed of the shaft 24 of the turbine or stopping it wow.

The technical result of the invention consists in higher efficiency, improved tightness and, consequently, increased service life, increased amount of generated electric current, while the ecology of the river is not disturbed.

Claims (1)

A mobile flowing hydroelectric power station comprising a pontoon fixed by anchors at the bottom of a river, a casing of a water conduit with a front protective grill, installed in a water stream, a hydraulic actuator, an electric current generator, control mechanisms of a hydroelectric power station, characterized in that the casing of the water conduit is made in the form of two cylindrical hollow rectangular or round section mounted coaxially one after the other, the first of which a larger section is rotated by its front, free end, closed with a protective net, towards the water stream, the rear end of which is connected through the conical hollow insert to the front end of the smaller section pipe, the second end of which is open, in addition, the water main body is mechanically connected to the energy block made in the form of a rectangular box, hermetically sealed with a lid and divided into two sections, in one of which a hydraulic actuator in the form of a turbine is installed, comprising a housing having a spherical chamber on the inner surface connected to the inlet pipe and the outlet chamber, with a turbine wheel inserted into the housing with a small clearance, which is a hub, which is connected by means of spokes to a hub to which the blades are welded at an angle α = 70 °, and side disks are bolted to both end faces of the hub and hub with bolts the central holes for the passage of the shaft, in the second section there is a three-phase generator of electric current, the shaft of which by means of a ball sealing transmission mechanism mounted on a partition separating both sections, with it is single with the hydraulic drive shaft, and the output of the electric current generator is connected via a step-up three-phase transformer to consumers of electric current, the power unit and the casing of the water supply via racks connected to the lower part of the pontoon, in addition, a pressure pipe made in the form of a tube is installed inside the casing of a larger cross-section Pitot, the free bent end of which is turned towards the moving water stream and through the shut-off valve connected to the inlet pipe of the hydraulic turbine, and its outlet the water pipe through the pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the conduit of a smaller section, the longitudinal axis of the bent end of the pressure pipe coincides with the longitudinal axis of the conduit, and the area of the larger section of the conduit refers to the area of the smaller section of the conduit as 10: 1, in addition, the heat shield control, step-up three-phase transformer, batteries for powering the excitation windings of the rotor of the electric current generator are located indoors, installed on the upper hour ty pontoon.

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