WO2023035772A1 - 扬声器系统及其应用方法 - Google Patents

扬声器系统及其应用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023035772A1
WO2023035772A1 PCT/CN2022/105912 CN2022105912W WO2023035772A1 WO 2023035772 A1 WO2023035772 A1 WO 2023035772A1 CN 2022105912 W CN2022105912 W CN 2022105912W WO 2023035772 A1 WO2023035772 A1 WO 2023035772A1
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Prior art keywords
speaker
piezoelectric
frequency
vibrator
pass filter
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PCT/CN2022/105912
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
片桐让
渡部嘉之
徐继清
张东娜
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山东华菱电子股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2023568639A priority Critical patent/JP2024505117A/ja
Publication of WO2023035772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023035772A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/023—Screens for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2861—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn
    • H04R1/2865—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a back-loaded horn for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of loudspeaker manufacturing, such as a loudspeaker system and its application method.
  • the ideal form is a wall-mounted TV product that combines lightweight added value after removing heavy equipment such as cold cathode tubes, especially Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) as a self-luminous display device Since its thickness is 0.5mm-0.7mm, and no light-emitting devices such as LEDs are required outside, it is possible to realize ultra-thin TVs that are thinner than conventional liquid crystal display devices. In addition, since there is no space for installing LEDs, the commercialization of small-frame TVs has also been realized. However, although OLED has the above-mentioned overwhelming thinness of less than 1 mm, only narrow mirror frames are currently in practical use, and it is still difficult to put into practical use a thin TV with a wall-mounted structure.
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • the basic functions of a TV are to display images and output sound, and displaying images is realized by the added value of OLED having a narrow frame structure.
  • the output sound is mainly achieved by installing an electromagnetic speaker on the back of the TV frame, but the concave-convex shape of the electromagnetic speaker makes it too thick.
  • the limit diameter of the thin electromagnetic speaker is about 20mm, and the minimum diameter of the electromagnetic speaker actually used to realize the reproduction frequency required by the TV is about 25mm. If the speaker with the size shown in Figure 22 is installed on the back of the TV, The advantage of the thickness below 1mm obtained by OLED will be canceled out, and the casing of the TV will become thicker.
  • a raised portion is formed on the back of the TV, and it is difficult to realize a wall-mounted speaker in terms of design. If the speaker is installed on the side of the TV, the back of the TV will be flat, and it is possible to use it as a wall mount, but it will destroy the design of the narrow frame.
  • the flat panel speaker in the related art generates sound by vibrating a thin panel with an excitation element, which has the function of pasting a driving source such as an electromagnetic solenoid, piezoelectric ceramic, etc. on a thin plate-shaped member and exciting the panel to generate sound. Since it can emit sound directly from the display, it is possible to reproduce images with a sense of presence.
  • a driving source such as an electromagnetic solenoid, piezoelectric ceramic, etc.
  • the flat panel speaker device in the related art does not take into account the impact of vibration on ultra-thin display devices such as current OLEDs during use.
  • the magnitude P of the sound obtained from the excited object depends on the magnitude X of the amplitude, and a relationship of P ⁇ X can usually be established.
  • the thickness of the OLED liquid crystal panel is 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm as described above.
  • a structure in which a vibration actuator is pasted on the back of an OLED is proposed in the related art.
  • OLED is an excited object with a display function, which can generate large vibrations and display images and images through the excitation element with a small force. Therefore, in the case of obtaining a loud sound through the excitation of the excitation element, vibration must be applied to the OLED, and when the display device vibrates, there is a problem that the video or image watched by the audience will shake.
  • This application proposes a piezoelectric speaker that utilizes the OLED self-luminous display device to vibrate and produce sound, and an electromagnetic drive speaker that is separated from the display device, which can reduce the spatial deviation of the image and sound, and provide a sense of presence.
  • the video shows a loudspeaker system especially suitable for television and its method of application.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a speaker system, including a piezoelectric speaker and an electromagnetic speaker, wherein the crossover frequency between the piezoelectric speaker and the electromagnetic speaker is above 500 Hz, the piezoelectric speaker is arranged on the back of the display device, and the electromagnetic speaker Set at the bottom of the display unit.
  • the present application also proposes an application method of a speaker system.
  • the above-mentioned speaker system is applied to a TV.
  • the audio signal output by the TV is less than 500Hz
  • adopt The electromagnetic speaker plays the sound; in response to determining that the thickness of the TV is in the range of 0.5mm-2.0mm, the audio signal output by the TV is greater than 3000Hz, and the piezoelectric speaker is used to play the sound.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of attachment positions of piezoelectric ceramic elements of different sizes relative to an OLED screen in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of analog analysis of harmonic vibration at a frequency of 10KHz after the display is excited in the related art.
  • FIG. 3 shows the resonant frequency when vibration occurs under different TV screen sizes provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of sound generation of a TV using OLED as a display provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the man-machine position of the viewer when watching a TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows the frequency data of image jitters of different TV sizes perceived by audiences whose age group is selected as teenagers according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of frequency curves of image jitters perceived by audiences whose age group is teenagers to perceive different TV sizes according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a frequency graph of image jitters perceived by audiences in their twenties selected to perceive different TV sizes according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a frequency graph of image jitter perceived by audiences in their 40s and 40s according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph of frequency curves of image jitter perceived by audiences in their 60s and 60s according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a frequency curve of image jitter perceived by viewers with different TV sizes provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application, which is arranged on the lower part of the TV facing the audience.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a digital audio processing and driving circuit composed of flat-panel speakers and electromagnetic speakers provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is the frequency data of the sense of presence of viewers of different age groups to different programs played on a 19-inch TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is the frequency data of the sense of presence of viewers of different age groups to different programs played on a 50-inch TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is the frequency data of the sense of presence of viewers of different age groups to different programs played on an 80-inch TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric element attached to the back side of an OLED provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of lead electrodes of a piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the morphology of an OLED display panel under different signal states according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 21 is a frequency response curve of an OLED display panel provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a bass reflex speaker system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a frequency response curve of a bass reflex speaker system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a frequency response curve of a system that simultaneously drives a piezoelectric speaker and an electromagnetic speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of an attachment method of an OLED display panel after adding a piezoelectric element according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a frequency response curve of an OLED display panel provided by an embodiment of the present application under a structure of multiple piezoelectric elements.
  • FIG. 27 is a frequency response curve of a piezoelectric speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application after low-pass filtering.
  • FIG. 28 is a frequency response curve of a system for driving a piezoelectric speaker and an electromagnetic speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29 is a structural schematic diagram of a piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of deformation of a polarized piezoelectric element under different voltages according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of displacement deformation when an AC voltage is applied to a polarized piezoelectric element provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the vertical bending deformation of the vibrating element around the support member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of up and down bending vibration of the vibrating element around the support member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • first piezoelectric element 1 first external electrode 2; third external electrode 3; high voltage electric field direction 4; second external electrode 5; solder 6; first lead 7; second lead 8; transparent glass substrate 9; organic EL panel 10; second piezoelectric element 11; reflective speaker system 12; opening 13; subwoofer 14; housing 15; polarization direction 16;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of attachment positions of piezoelectric ceramic elements of different sizes relative to an OLED screen in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of analog analysis of harmonic vibration at a frequency of 10KHz after the display is excited in the related art.
  • the excited display has a split vibration of 10k frequency as shown in Fig. 2, and the split vibration makes air vibrate as a sound transmission to the human ear.
  • the sound intensity I when the vibration body produces vibration displacement and produces sound output is represented by the following formula:
  • the display described in the application is used as a device for displaying television images. Therefore, when the display itself undergoes a large vibration, the viewed image will also shake greatly, and the image will shake (hereinafter referred to as the picture shaking phenomenon), This impairs the basic functionality of the TV. Therefore, in the case of using the vibration of a television display to generate sound, it is unrealistic to reproduce sound in the entire frequency band from low frequencies to high frequencies only by the vibration of the display.
  • this application uses both the piezoelectric speaker that generates sound by the vibration of the display and the electromagnetic speaker that efficiently drives and reproduces the low-frequency band in order to prevent the above-mentioned low-frequency vibration from shaking the image. Both are key elements for the practical use of the piezoelectric speaker for television. .
  • the size of the TV screen used in general households is about 19 inches to 80 inches.
  • the resonance frequency of vibration varies depending on the size of the TV screen.
  • FIG. 3 shows the resonant frequency when vibration occurs under different TV screen sizes provided by an embodiment of the present application. It is the result obtained by calculating the resonant frequency of different sizes from 19 inches to 80 inches.
  • t represents the thickness of the TV screen
  • x represents the length of the TV screen
  • y represents the width of the TV screen.
  • an analytical model of the periphery of the OLED was created, and the thickness ranged from 0.3 mm to 1 mm. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the resonant frequency depends on the screen size and thickness.
  • the primary resonance frequency of most TVs is below 100Hz, but the reproduction frequency band of speakers for general TVs is 100Hz-12kHz, so the OLED is excited to increase its resonance frequency. Larger is necessary for sound reproduction.
  • the audience aged 10 to 60 is divided into 6 parts according to age, and 10 audiences are randomly selected.
  • the thickness of the OLED liquid crystal screen adopted by the display device of the TV used at this time is 0.6 mm, and the general Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, SMPTE) color bar signal is input to the image signal.
  • SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of sound generation of a TV using OLED as a display screen provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the man-machine position of the viewer when watching a TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the present application, provided by an embodiment of the present application, selected audiences whose age group is teenagers to perceive the frequency data of image jitters of different TV sizes.
  • FIG. 6 is data showing detailed results of this experiment conducted on teenage viewers.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of frequency curves of image jitters perceived by audiences whose age group is teenagers to perceive different TV sizes according to an embodiment of the present application. All data are averaged from 10 viewers. According to Fig. 6, it can be seen that the audience tends to believe that if the size of the TV is increased, the frequency of the screen shaking will increase. In addition, increasing the distance between people and the TV will reduce the frequency of perceived screen shake.
  • Figure 7 summarizes this data in the chart. Even for a large 80-inch TV, the vibration above about 400Hz will not make people feel the picture shakes.
  • FIG. 8 is a frequency graph of image jitters perceived by audiences in their twenties selected to perceive different TV sizes according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a frequency graph of image jitter perceived by audiences in their 40s and 40s according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph of frequency curves of image jitter perceived by audiences in their 60s and 60s according to an embodiment of the present application. From Figures 7 to 10, it can be seen that audiences' image shake perception for different TV sizes has basically nothing to do with age, and they all show the same tendency. In addition, the frequency of feeling that the frame is blurred decreases with age.
  • FIG. 11 is a frequency curve of image jitter perceived by viewers with different TV sizes provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the shaded frame portion is a frequency area where image vibration is felt due to panel vibration. From these results, by driving the OLED at a frequency above 500Hz, almost all viewers can watch images without screen shake.
  • This distance is considered to be within the distance of the above-mentioned step (2) of the ideal position on TV viewing and listening, and the height of the central part of the TV picture is provided with a microphone to collect noise.
  • the sense of immersion obtained in a movie theater is obtained by emitting sound from the screen displaying video, so in order to obtain a sense of immersion in sound on a TV, sound reproduction must be performed using a piezoelectric speaker.
  • Step 1 Paste the above-mentioned vibrator in Figure 4 on the back of the OLED display screen and apply vibration, and the audio-visual function of the TV is realized through the display device OLED emitting sound and playing the picture (that is, setting the piezoelectric speaker in the speaker system described in this application) , 19-inch, 50-inch, and 80-inch TVs are used here.
  • Step 2 Viewers watch TV from a position three times the height of the TV screen. According to experience, this distance is an ideal position for watching TV.
  • Step 3 As shown in Fig. 12, set the microphone at the distance of the above-mentioned 2) which is considered to be an ideal position for viewing and listening to the TV and at the height of the central part of the TV screen.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application provided at the lower part of the TV facing the audience.
  • Step 4 The low-frequency speaker in FIG. 12 (that is, the electromagnetic speaker in the speaker system described in this application) is installed on the lower part of the TV facing the audience.
  • Step 5 Put pink noise into the piezoelectric speaker in the above step 1 and the electromagnetic speaker in step 4 respectively; at this time, use the microphone in the above step 3 to measure the noise, adjust the size of the input signal of each speaker so that the piezoelectric Noise levels are equal for speakers (panel speakers) and electromagnetic speakers.
  • Step 6 Construct a digital audio processing and driving circuit as shown in Figure 13, connect the high-pass filter to the piezoelectric speaker (Piezo Driver), and set its cutoff frequency to 500Hz, so that OLED image vibration will not occur.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a digital audio processing and driving circuit composed of a flat-panel speaker and an electromagnetic speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 7 The same low-pass filter is connected to the electromagnetic speaker (SUB WOOWER) (ie woofer) in Figure 13, and its cutoff frequency can be changed below 3kHz.
  • the electromagnetic speaker (SUB WOOWER) (ie woofer) in Figure 13, and its cutoff frequency can be changed below 3kHz.
  • Step 8 Input the video signal into the OLED with the sound driving circuit shown in Figure 13, and the sound signal is simultaneously input to the piezoelectric speaker (shown as a piezoelectric ceramic driver in Figure 13) and the electromagnetic speaker through the driving system shown in Figure 13 In this case (shown as a woofer in FIG. 13 ), sound can be generated from the piezoelectric speaker and the electromagnetic speaker in synchronization with the video of the OLED.
  • the piezoelectric speaker shown as a piezoelectric ceramic driver in Figure 13
  • the electromagnetic speaker through the driving system shown in Figure 13
  • sound shown as a woofer in FIG. 13
  • Step 9 Randomly select 10 audiences from the audiences in their 20s, 40s, and 50s, and these audiences watch images and sounds through the above-mentioned OLED display screen and drive system.
  • FIG. 14 is the frequency data of the sense of presence of viewers of different age groups to different programs played on a 19-inch TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is the frequency data of the sense of presence of viewers of different age groups to different programs played on a 50-inch TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is the frequency data of the sense of presence of viewers of different age groups to different programs played on an 80-inch TV provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter connected to the electromagnetic speaker is gradually decreased from 10kHz to 100Hz, basically the higher the cutoff frequency, the more dominant the sound from the electromagnetic speaker. Therefore, by lowering the cutoff frequency, the influence of the piezo speaker sound is made to dominate. Get the frequency at which the audience feels presence as the cutoff frequency changes.
  • a frequency of 500 Hz or more and 3000 Hz or less is a frequency condition for preventing screen shake and obtaining a sense of presence.
  • the piezoelectric speaker includes a piezoelectric speaker vibrator, and the piezoelectric speaker vibrator includes a piezoelectric element.
  • FIG. 17(a) is an appearance diagram of the structure of the piezoelectric speaker vibrator
  • Fig. 17(b) is a schematic diagram of the connection between the structure of the piezoelectric speaker vibrator and the external electrodes
  • Fig. 17(c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the piezoelectric speaker vibrator applying a high-voltage electric field.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric element attached to the back side of an OLED provided by an embodiment of the present application. A piezoelectric material of lead zirconate titanate is used for the piezoelectric element employed here. After the green body is made, 10 to 20 sheets of 30 ⁇ m are stacked and then pressed and fired. The sintering temperature is 1050°C.
  • the first external electrodes 2 and the second external electrodes 5 are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the fired first piezoelectric element 1, respectively, and fired.
  • a third external electrode 3 that is not electrically connected to the first external electrode 2 is simultaneously formed on the part on the side of the first external electrode 2, and the third external electrode 3 passes through the first piezoelectric element 1 as shown in FIG. 17(b).
  • the electrodes on the side are connected to the second external electrode 5 on the rear side of the first piezoelectric element 1 .
  • the sintering temperatures of the first external electrode 2 , the third external electrode 3 , and the second external electrode 5 are all 600° C. Then, as shown in FIG.
  • the first piezoelectric element 1 is polarized by applying a high-voltage electric field between the first external electrode 2, the second external electrode 5, and the third external electrode 3 on the upper and lower surfaces, and the high-voltage electric field Direction 4 points from first external electrode 2 to second external electrode 5 .
  • the polarized first piezoelectric element 1 by applying a voltage to the first external electrode 2 located on the upper part of the first piezoelectric element 1 and the second external electrode 5 located on the lower part of the first piezoelectric element 1, the first piezoelectric element 1 extends in the longitudinal direction.
  • a rectangular piezoelectric speaker vibrator of 90 mm x 30 mm x 0.5 mm is produced after firing.
  • the piezoelectric speaker vibrator in FIG. 17(a) is pasted on the back of the OLED display screen.
  • the composition of the OLED display screen used in this application is that, on the transparent glass substrate 9 shown in Figure 18, an organic electro-luminescence (Electro-Luminescence) layer laminated with a transparent electrode layer, an organic light-emitting layer, and a reflective layer is pasted from the glass substrate side. , EL) panel 10.
  • EL organic electro-luminescence
  • a 420mm ⁇ 240mm ⁇ 0.7mm OLED is used here.
  • the first piezoelectric element 1 is bonded to the center of the rear surface of the OLED with an epoxy-based adhesive.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of lead electrodes of a piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 shows the morphology of an OLED display panel under different signal states according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • first lead 7 is provided on first external electrode 2 of first piezoelectric element 1 using solder 6
  • second lead 8 is also provided on third external electrode 3 using solder 6 .
  • Figure 20 20(a) shows the form of the OLED display panel when there is no external signal input
  • FIG. 20(b) shows the form of the OLED display panel when there is an external signal input. It can be seen that inputting an external signal will cause bending deformation of the OLED. For example, by applying an AC voltage between the first lead 7 and the second lead 8, the OLED bends and vibrates up and down, causing the air to vibrate to generate sound.
  • Figure 21 is the frequency response curve of the OLED display panel provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the A curve in Figure 21 is to short-circuit the high pass filter (High Pass Filter, HPF) in this case and measure it at a distance of 1m sound pressure characteristics. Effective audio ranges from around 300Hz to around 6kHz. However, the high-frequency sound pressure in the A-curve frequency characteristic is insufficient, and a slightly lower sound will be produced in the auditory sense. The resonant frequency of the bending vibration in FIG.
  • High Pass Filter High Pass Filter
  • the size of the second piezoelectric element 11 is 45 mm ⁇ 15 mm ⁇ 0.5 mm.
  • the sound pressure characteristic when the OLED is driven by the above-mentioned method is shown in the curve B in FIG. 21 .
  • the characteristics at low frequencies are the same as curve A in Fig. 21, but the sound pressure becomes larger at 5kHz to 10kHz. In terms of hearing, high-frequency sounds can also be clearly extended. But because the effective sound is emitted at 400Hz, the image shake of the OLED can be confirmed.
  • the frequency of the signal applied to the first piezoelectric element 1 and the second piezoelectric element 11 is cut off with a first-order 6dB/Oct, and the picture shakes disappear.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a bass reflex speaker system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the reflective speaker system 12 includes an aperture 13 , a subwoofer 14 and a housing 15 .
  • the woofer is a moving coil type with an impedance of 8 ⁇ and a diameter of 160mm.
  • FIG. 23 is a frequency response curve of a bass reflex speaker system provided by an embodiment of the present application. Its frequency characteristic (measured at 1 m) is shown in A curve in FIG. 23 .
  • the gain of the input to the SUB WOOWER side is controlled by Audio Amp so that it is approximately equal to the sound pressure around 1kHz in the frequency characteristics of the A curve in Figure 21.
  • the reproduction frequency band generally has a characteristic of 20 Hz to 10 kHz.
  • an attenuation setting of -6dB/Oct from 1kHz is performed in the low-pass filter in the driving circuit shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 24 is a frequency response curve of simultaneously driving a piezoelectric speaker and an electromagnetic speaker system provided by an embodiment of the present application, which is the result of simultaneously driving and measuring the piezoelectric speaker and the electromagnetic speaker system 12 in the driving circuit shown in FIG. 13 . From the flatness of 20Hz to 10kHz, it can be seen that the video signal including sound is added to this piezoelectric speaker system for viewing and viewing, and the screen does not shake, allowing for immersive viewing.
  • FIG. 25 to FIG. 28 use the first piezoelectric element 1 and the second piezoelectric element 11 in the foregoing embodiments, and adopt an OLED with a size of 1770mm ⁇ 996mm ⁇ 0.7mm as a display panel. Compared with the foregoing embodiments, the size of the OLED becomes large, so the number of the first piezoelectric element 1 and the second piezoelectric element 11 is increased and pasted as shown in FIG. 25 .
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the attachment method of the OLED display panel after adding piezoelectric elements provided in another embodiment 2 of the present application. A total of 4 pieces are pasted on the OLED display panel in the long side direction and the short side direction respectively in 3 equal positions. components.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the attachment method of the OLED display panel after adding piezoelectric elements provided in another embodiment 2 of the present application. A total of 4 pieces are pasted on the OLED display panel in the long side direction and the short side direction respectively in 3 equal positions. components.
  • FIG. 26 is a frequency response curve of an OLED display panel provided by an embodiment of the present application under a structure of multiple piezoelectric elements.
  • the area of the OLED display panel becomes larger, and the excluded volume of air increases, so the overall sound pressure increases.
  • the reproduction frequency band also drops to around 300 Hz.
  • Input a video signal with a music signal on this OLED display panel, and confirm that the screen shakes after playing. Therefore, similarly to the previous embodiment, using the high-pass filter (HPF) in the drive circuit shown in FIG. , the occurrence of image shake disappears.
  • HPF high-pass filter
  • FIG. 27 is a frequency response curve of a piezoelectric speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application after low-pass filtering. Its frequency characteristic (measured at a distance of 1 m) is shown in curve A in FIG. 27 .
  • Audio Amp controls the input to the SUB WOOWER side so that it is approximately equal to the sound pressure around 1kHz in the frequency characteristics of Fig. 26 .
  • the reproduction frequency band generally has a characteristic of 20 Hz to 10 kHz.
  • the attenuation setting of -6dB/Oct is performed starting from 1kHz in the low-pass filter in the driving circuit shown in FIG. 13 .
  • FIG. 28 is a frequency response curve of a system for driving a piezoelectric speaker and an electromagnetic speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application. That is, FIG. 28 is the result of driving and measuring these piezoelectric speaker and electromagnetic speaker system 12 simultaneously in the circuit of FIG. 13 .
  • the flatness from 20Hz to 10kHz has been found, even in the case of using a large OLED, it is possible to enjoy the image with a sense of presence without shaking.
  • FIG. 29 is a structural schematic diagram of a piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 29(a) is an appearance diagram of another piezoelectric speaker vibrator structure
  • Figure 29(b) is a schematic diagram of another piezoelectric speaker vibrator structure connected to external electrodes
  • Figure 29(c) is another piezoelectric speaker vibrator applying high voltage Schematic diagram of the structure of the electric field. . As shown in FIG.
  • non-conductive first external electrodes 2 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the first piezoelectric element 1 (for example, a piezoelectric ceramic plate).
  • the high voltage electric field direction 4 is directed from the first external electrode 2 on the upper surface of the first piezoelectric element 1 to the first external electrode 2 on the lower surface.
  • External electrode 2 is shown.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of deformation of a polarized piezoelectric element under different voltages according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 30(a) is a schematic structural view of the polarized piezoelectric element when no power is applied, and Fig.
  • FIG. 30(b) is a schematic diagram of deformation of the polarized piezoelectric element when energized.
  • the two first piezoelectric elements 1 are pasted on the upper and lower surfaces of the thin metal plate 17 with a conductive adhesive in combination with the polarization direction 16 to form a circuit.
  • the circuit is energized, as shown in FIG. 30( b )
  • the first piezoelectric element 1 on the upper surface of the thin metal plate 17 shrinks, and the first piezoelectric element 1 on the lower surface of the thin metal plate 17 expands.
  • the two first piezoelectric elements 1 form boundary surfaces at the thin metal plate 17, and are respectively deformed into curved shapes.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of displacement deformation when an AC voltage is applied to a polarized piezoelectric element provided by an embodiment of the present application. It can also be seen from FIG. 31 that the first piezoelectric elements on the upper surface and the lower surface of the thin metal plate 17 produce bending vibrations in order to repeat expansion and contraction in different directions. The thin metal plate 17 and the first piezoelectric element 1 sandwiched between its upper and lower surfaces together form a vibrating element.
  • Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of the vertical bending deformation of the vibrating element around the support member provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 32, support members 18 are fixed to both ends of the vibrating element.
  • Fig. 32(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrating element surrounding the supporting member when no power is applied
  • Fig. 32(b) is a schematic diagram of deformation of the vibrating element surrounding the supporting member when energized
  • Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of displacement and deformation when an AC voltage is applied to the vibrating element around the support member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the form of the first piezoelectric element can also adopt a single-mode structure or a double-vibration structure that automatically induces bending vibration.
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator suitable for the above-mentioned speaker system.
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the 5th layer is an internal isolation layer
  • the polarization direction of the single piezoelectric ceramic sheet above the internal isolation layer is opposite to the direction of the electric field applied during use, thereby Shortening displacement occurs
  • the polarization direction of a single piezoelectric ceramic sheet below the internal isolation layer is the same as the direction of the electric field applied during use, resulting in telescopic displacement, and the overall displacement increases.
  • FIG. 35 and FIG. 36 are schematic structural diagrams of a flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic sheets shown in FIG. 35 and FIG. 26 have different aspect ratios.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the vibrator of the flat piezoelectric speaker is rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3:1-10:1.
  • the flat piezoelectric loudspeaker vibrator includes a flat piezoelectric loudspeaker vibrator for middle and high frequency sound generation and a flat piezoelectric loudspeaker vibrator for middle and low frequency sound generation.
  • the area of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator used for middle and high frequency sound is 1/10 of the area of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet in the flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator used for middle and low frequency sound.
  • the electrode added by 3-1 is the negative electrode
  • 3-2 is the positive electrode
  • 3-3 is the grounding GND electrode; thus ensuring the polarization direction as shown in Figure 34, 1, 3, 7, 9 layers of piezoelectric
  • the polarization direction in the ceramic sheet is downward, and the polarization direction in the 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-layer piezoelectric ceramic sheets is upward.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic works normally, the negative electrode 3-1 and the positive electrode 3-2 are connected by welding with conductive leads, thereby introducing the positive electrode of the electric field, and 3-3 is connected to the GND electrode circuit.
  • the direction of the electric field generated inside the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is shown in Figure 34.
  • the direction of the electric field in the 1, 3, 6, and 8-layer piezoelectric ceramic sheets is downward, and the direction of the electric field in the 2, 4, 7, and 9-layer piezoelectric ceramic sheets is up. Therefore, the polarization direction of the upper half of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet located above the fifth internal isolation layer is opposite to the direction of the applied electric field; the polarization direction of the lower half of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet located below the fifth internal isolation layer is the same.
  • the direction of the applied electric field is the same; resulting in a displacement form, increasing the displacement, thereby increasing the phase amplitude, thereby increasing the pronunciation volume.
  • the flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator is made of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), potassium sodium niobate (KNN) or other lead-free or lead-containing materials; -300MPa/cm 2 pressure, made by pressing; the internal electrode of the flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator is made of silver/palladium (Ag/Pd) metal material, and the external electrode is made of gold Au, silver Ag and other metal materials.
  • PZT lead zirconate titanate
  • KNN potassium sodium niobate
  • -300MPa/cm 2 pressure made by pressing
  • the internal electrode of the flat piezoelectric speaker vibrator is made of silver/palladium (Ag/Pd) metal material
  • the external electrode is made of gold Au, silver Ag and other metal materials.
  • the loudspeaker system provided by the present application has small volume, less distortion of image and sound, and can reduce the spatial deviation of image and sound, thereby providing a more realistic image display.

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Abstract

本申请公开一种适用于电视的扬声器系统及其应用方法，包括压电扬声器以及电磁式扬声器，其中压电扬声器与电磁式扬声器的交叉频率在500Hz以上，所述压电扬声器设置在显示装置背面，所述电磁式扬声器设置在显示装置底部。

Description

扬声器系统及其应用方法
本申请要求在2021年9月7日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111042000.4受理的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及扬声器制造技术领域，例如一种扬声器系统及其应用方法。
背景技术
在电视界以使用显像管方式的显示设备的兴起向使用等离子方式、液晶方式等薄型显示设备的薄型电视变迁。近年来，采用有机发光半导体等具有自发光方式的显示功能的超薄电视在市场上被广泛认可，大部分显像管式的电视制造商都已经停止了生产。从冷阴极管的发光装置到发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode，LED)的发光装置的变迁实现了液晶电视的薄型化。理想形式是结合了冷阴极管等具有重量的设备被删除后的轻量化附加价值的壁挂式电视机产品，其中尤其是作为自发光型显示装置的有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)由于其厚度为0.5mm-0.7mm，而且外部不需要LED等发光装置，因此有可能实现比以往液晶显示装置更薄的超薄电视。另外，由于不需要安装LED的空间，也实现了小镜框型电视的产品化。然而，尽管OLED具有上述1mm以下的压倒性薄型优点，但现在只有窄镜框被实用化，具有壁挂结构的薄型电视的实用化仍有困难。
电视的基本功能是显示图像和输出声音，显示图像通过OLED具有窄镜框结构的附加值来实现。输出声音主要通过在电视框体的背面安装电磁式扬声器的方法实现，但电磁式扬声器的凹凸形状会导致其厚度过厚。目前，薄型电磁扬声器的极限直径为20mm左右，实际用于实现电视所需再现频率的电磁扬声器的最小直径约为25mm左右，若将该尺寸如图22所示的扬声器安装在电视的背面，用OLED获得的1mm以下的厚度的优点将被抵消，电视的壳体将变厚。此外，电视背面产生凸起部，壁挂式扬声器从设计性方面也难以实现。如果将扬声器安装在电视机的侧面的话，电视机背面会变平，壁挂的实用化是可能的，但是会破坏窄镜框的设计性。
在此简单介绍把现场感作为最大附加值的电影院影像再生原理：电影院里网状屏幕的背面设有朝向观众的扬声器，向观众发出声音，由于通过该网状物的声音可以直接传递给观众，所以观众可以感觉登场人物的声音是从屏幕发出的，或者直接从影像中听到效果音，来强烈地感受到现场感。但是像上述的电视那样在背面配置扬声器的情况下，由于不能向观众直接发出声音，所以会产生影像和声音在空间上的偏差，变成缺乏现场感的影像显示。
相关技术中的平板扬声器通过激振元件振动薄面板来产生声音，其具有在薄板状部件上粘贴驱动源例如电磁螺线管、压电陶瓷等激振元件而被激励的面板产生声音的功能。由于其可以从显示器直接发出声音，所以具有临场感的影像再生成为可能。
然而相关技术中的平板扬声器装置没有考虑到在使用过程中对诸如当前的OLED之类的超薄显示设备的振动影响。从被激振物获得的声音的大小P取决于幅度的大小X，并且通常可以建立P∝X的关系。另外，X根据激振物所具有的力F与被激振物的刚性K的关系，成立胡克定律X＝F/K；在需要LED的液晶面板的情况下，若包含背面的导光板，则包括液晶面板和导光板的显示面板的整体厚度为3mm～4mm。OLED液晶面板的厚度如上所述是0.5mm～0.7mm。该显示装置的整体显示面板的刚性为K，将其杨氏模量设为E，截面二次矩设为I，显示面板的宽度设为a，长度为L，厚度设为h时，因为I＝ah 3/3，得到K＝48EI/L 3＝16Eah 3/L 3；可以看出，在同长度的结构中，显示面板的厚度的刚性K取决于显示面板厚度的三次方。假设OLED的厚度为0.7mm，液晶面板的厚度为3mm，得到(0.7/3) 3≈0.013，说明OLED和LED液晶面板刚性大不相同。这意味着在OLED和LED液晶面板的等效弯曲所需的力之间产生1/0.013≈77倍的差。
相关技术中提出了一种在OLED背面粘贴振动致动器的结构。OLED是带有显示功能的被激振物，其可以通过激振元件以较小的力量产生较大振动显示影像和图像。因此，在通过激振元件激励而获得较大声音的情况下，必将对OLED施加振动，而当显示设备振动时，存在观众观看的影像或图像发生画面抖动的问题。
发明内容
本申请提出了一种兼具利用OLED自发光式显示装置振动发音的压电扬声器和与显示装置分离设置的电磁式驱动扬声器、能够减小影像与声音在空间上的偏差、进而提供具有现场感的影像显示的特别适用于电视的扬声器系统及其应用方法。
本申请实施例提供一种扬声器系统，包括压电扬声器以及电磁式扬声器，其中压电扬声器与电磁式扬声器的交叉频率在500Hz以上，所述压电扬声器设置在显示装置背面，所述电磁式扬声器设置在显示装置底部。
本申请还提出了一种扬声器系统的应用方法，将上述扬声器系统应用于电视中，响应于确定所述电视的厚度范围为0.5mm-2.0mm，且所述电视输出的音频信号小于500Hz，采用电磁式扬声器播放声音；响应于确定所述电视的厚度范围为0.5mm-2.0mm，所述电视输出的音频信号大于3000Hz，采用压电扬声器播放声音。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例中不同尺寸的压电陶瓷元件相对OLED屏的贴附位置示意图。
图2为相关技术中显示器被激励后在10KHz频率下的谐波振动的模拟分析示意图。
图3为本申请一实施例提供的不同电视屏幕尺寸下的发生振动时的谐振频率。
图4为本申请一实施例提供的采用OLED作为显示器的电视机发声示意图。
图5为本申请一实施例提供的观众在观看电视机时的人机位置示意图。
图6为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率数据。
图7为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。
图8为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为二十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。
图9为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为四十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。
图10为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为六十几岁的观众来感知对不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。
图11为本申请一实施例提供的观众对不同电视尺寸的图像抖动可感知的频率曲线。
图12为本申请一实施例提供的低频扬声器在电视的下部面向观众设置的示意图。
图13为本申请一实施例提供的采用平板式扬声器和电磁式扬声器组成的数字音频处理及驱动电路示意图。
图14为本申请一实施例提供的不同年龄段的观众对19寸电视机播放的不同节目的临场感的频率数据。
图15为本申请一实施例提供的不同年龄段的观众对50寸电视机播放的不同节目的临场感的频率数据。
图16为本申请一实施例提供的不同年龄段的观众对80寸电视机播放的不同节目的临场感的频率数据。
图17为本申请一实施例提供的压电扬声器振子结构示意图。
图18为本申请一实施例提供的压电元件粘贴在OLED背面侧的示意图。
图19为本申请一实施例提供的压电扬声器振子的引线电极示意图。
图20为本申请一实施例提供的OLED显示面板在不同信号状态下的形态示意图。
图21为本申请一实施例提供的OLED显示面板的频响曲线。
图22为本申请一实施例提供的低音反射型扬声器系统结构示意图。
图23为本申请一实施例提供的低音反射型扬声器系统频响曲线。
图24为本申请一实施例提供的同时驱动压电扬声器和电磁扬声器系统的频响曲线。
图25为本申请另一实施例提供的增加压电元件后OLED显示面板的贴附方式示意图。
图26为本申请一实施例提供的OLED显示面板在多个压电元件结构下的频响曲线。
图27为本申请一实施例提供的压电扬声器采用低通滤波后的频响曲线。
图28为本申请一实施例提供的驱动压电扬声器和电磁扬声器系统的频响曲线。
图29为本申请另一实施例提供的压电扬声器振子结构示意图结构示意图。
图30为本申请一实施例提供的极化后的压电元件在不同电压下的形变示意图。
图31为本申请一实施例提供的向极化后的压电元件施加交流电压时的位移形变示意图。
图32为本申请一实施例提供的振动元件围绕支承部件上下弯曲变形示意图。
图33为本申请一实施例提供的振动元件围绕支承部件上下弯曲振动示意图。
图34为本申请另一实施例提供的平板压电扬声器振子的结构示意图。
图35为本申请另一实施例提供的平板压电扬声器振子的结构示意图。
图36为本申请另一实施例提供的平板压电扬声器振子的结构示意图。
附图标记：第一压电元件1；第一外部电极2；第三外部电极3；高压电场方向4；第二外部电极5；焊料6；第一引线7；第二引线8；透明玻璃基板9；有机EL面板10；第二压电元件11；反射性扬声器系统12；开口腔13；低音炮14；筐体15；极化方向16；金属薄板17；支承部件18。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本申请作进一步的说明。
在相关技术中，可以在液晶显示器等显示装置上粘贴激励用的致动器来生成声音。图1是本申请一实施例中不同尺寸的压电陶瓷元件相对OLED屏的贴附位置示意图。图2为相关技术中显示器被激励后在10KHz频率下的谐波振动的模拟分析示意图，被激励的显示器如图2所示具有10k频率的分割振动，所述分割振动使空气振动，作为声音传到人的耳朵。振动体产生振动位移并产生声音输出时的声音强度I由以下公式表示：
I＝1/2ρcω 2Δx 2，公式中ρ、c根据气体的温度和气压稍有不同，但这里可将ρ和c作为常数K进行考察。
这种情况下声音的强度I由以下公式表示：I＝1/2K.(2πf)2.Δx 2；也就是说，声音强度I取决于振动体的频率和位移量，并且意味着在高频下不需要较大的位移来获得期望声音的强度。然而，在电视实际使用中的宽频率范围内保持声音的恒定强度，尤其是在低频范围内，需要比高频范围更大的位移量。
以本申请所述的显示器作为展示电视图像的装置，因此，当显示器本身发生大的振动时，所观看的图像也会发生大的摇晃，图像会出现抖动现象(以下称为画面抖动现象)，这会损害电视的基本功能。因此，在使用电视显示器的振动来产生声音的情况下，仅通过显示器的振动来进行从低频到高频的全频带的声音的再生是不现实的。
因此，本申请同时使用显示器的振动产生声音的压电扬声器和为了防止上述低频振动中的图像抖动而有效地驱动再现低频频带的电磁式扬声器，两者是电视用压电扬声器实用化的关键要素。
一般家庭使用的电视屏幕尺寸为19英寸到80英寸左右。在通过OLED输出影像的情况下，振动的谐振频率根据电视屏幕尺寸的不同而不同。图3为本申请一实施例提供的不同电视屏幕尺寸下的发生振动时的谐振频率。是通过计算从19英寸到80英寸不同尺寸的谐振频率而获得的结果。图3中，t表示电视机屏幕的厚度，x表示电视机屏幕的长度，y表示电视机屏幕的宽度。这里，创建OLED的外周的解析模型，并且厚度从0.3mm到1mm。由图3可以看出，谐振频率取决于屏幕尺寸和厚度。
另外，在0.3mm-1mm屏幕厚度范围下，大多数电视机的一次谐振频率都在100Hz以下，但是一般电视机用扬声器的再现频带为100Hz～12kHz，因此对OLED进行激励，使其谐振频率增大以便声音再生是有必要的。
在这里，有必要掌握在人的视觉中感觉到画面抖动的面板的振动频率。于是进行了以下实验：
(1)将10～60岁的观众按年龄划分为6个部分，随机抽取10名观众。
(2)让观众观看OLED液晶屏幕作为显示器的电视。
(3)此时使用的电视的显示装置采用的OLED液晶屏幕厚度为0.6mm，对图像信号输入一般的电影电视工程师协会(Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers，SMPTE)彩条信号。
(4)在上述(3)的显示装置的背面粘贴如图4直径50mm、厚度30mm的加振器，施加振动，从显示装置发出声音。此时，信号发生控制器产生的激励信号是用从10kHz逐渐下降到100Hz的正弦波扫频信号。其中，图4为本申请一实施例提供的采用OLED作为显示屏幕的电视机发声示意图。
(5)如图5所示，观众与电视机的距离为L，将L设为0.5m、1.0m、2.0m、5.0m，观众在不同位置 观看上述步骤(3)的SMPTE色条的同时收听上述步骤(4)输出的声音。其中，图5为本申请一实施例提供的观众在观看电视机时的人机位置示意图。
(6)在上述步骤(5)的观看期间，记录由于显示设备的振动而图像开始抖动时的频率。其中，图6为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率数据。
(7)上述步骤(1)至(6)的实验以图像尺寸19英寸、32英寸、50英寸、65英寸、80英寸进行，再根据年龄层10岁(The teenage)、20岁、40岁、60岁进行分类。
通过上述一系列的实验，能够把握不同年龄段、感知不同尺寸电视的图像抖动的频率。
图6是表示对十几岁的观众进行了该实验时的详细结果的数据。图7为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。所有的数据都采集了10名观众的平均值。根据图6可知，观众感受更倾向性地认为将电视的尺寸变大的话，画面抖动的频率会变高。另外，增加人与电视机的距离，感知画面抖动的频率会降低，将该数据汇总到图表中的是图7。即使是80英寸的大型电视，大约400Hz以上的振动也不会让人感觉画面抖动。
图8～图10是关于20多岁、40多岁、60多岁总结的结果。图8为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为二十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。图9为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为四十几岁的观众来感知不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。图10为本申请一实施例提供的选取年龄层为六十几岁的观众来感知对不同电视尺寸的图像抖动的频率曲线图。从图7-图10中可以看出，观众对于不同电视机尺寸的图像抖动感知基本上和年龄无关，都表现出了相同的倾向。另外，随着年龄的增长，感觉画幅模糊的频率也降低了。10多岁的人对画风的感知度最高。如果将这些图8～图10的所有数据重叠，则如图11所示。图11为本申请一实施例提供的观众对不同电视尺寸的图像抖动可感知的频率曲线。用阴影围起来的边框部分是通过面板的振动而感觉到图像抖动的频率区域。从这些结果来看，通过以500Hz以上的频率驱动OLED，几乎所有的观众都能在没有画面抖动的情况下观看影像。
然而，仅将500Hz以上的频率作为声音信号来再现也不能说是充分的信息。基于吉他、鼓等低频的频率对于乐曲的再生是不可缺少的，300～500Hz的频率是判断人的声音所需要的再生频带。因此，需要构成与显示装置分离的电磁式驱动同时驱动的扬声器系统，以补充500Hz以下的频率。
当基于上述条件仅通过压电扬声器再现声音时，由于不能再现500Hz以下的频率，所以低音的音压不足。因此，本申请主要需要对低频再生声音的电磁扬声器进行考察。原则上，电磁式扬声器设置在与影像显示设备完全不同的位置，因此无需担心因发声而引起的影像抖动。另外，电磁扬声器与压电扬声器相比具有更宽的再现频带，因此，也可以覆盖整个电视声音的再现，观众从电视画面的高度的3倍的距离看电视。该距离在电视视听上被认为是理想位置的上述步骤(2)的距离内，在电视画面的中心部分的高度设置麦克风采集噪音。然而，如上所述，在电影院获得的临场感是通过从显示影像的画面发出声音而获得的，因此为了在电视上获得有临场感的声音，必须使用压电扬声器进行声音再生。
尤其是通过增加压电扬声器的数量来产生立体声的环绕效果或者通过输出进行相位操作的信号来获得模拟环绕效果的系统等不同，与电影院一样，直接从影视图像中发出声音来让观众感受到的临场感。为了进行验证，进行了以下实验：
步骤1：将上述图4加振器粘贴在OLED显示屏幕的背部并施加振动，通过显示设备OLED发出声音并播放画面实现电视的视听功能(即设置本申请所述扬声器系统中的压电扬声器)，这里使用了19英寸、50英寸、80英寸的电视。
步骤2：观众从距离电视画面的高度的3倍的位置看电视，根据经验，这个距离在看电视上是理想的位置。
步骤3：图12该距离在电视视听上被认为是理想位置的上述2)的距离以及在电视画面的中心部分的高度设置麦克风。其中，图12是本申请一实施例提供的低频扬声器在电视的下部面向观众设置的示意图。
步骤4：图12中的低频扬声器(即设置本申请所述扬声器系统中的电磁式扬声器)在电视的下部面向观众设置。
步骤5：在上述步骤1的压电扬声器和步骤4中的电磁式扬声器中分别放入粉色噪声；此时，用上述步骤3的麦克风测量噪声，调整每个扬声器输入信号的大小，使压电扬声器(平板扬声器)和电磁扬声器的噪声水平相等。
步骤6：构成图13那样的数字音频处理及驱动电路，将高通滤波器连接到压电扬声器(Piezo Driver)， 其截止频率设为500Hz，由此不会发生OLED的图像抖动。其中，图13为本申请一实施例提供的采用平板式扬声器和电磁式扬声器组成的数字音频处理及驱动电路示意图。
步骤7：同样低通滤波器连接图13的电磁扬声器(SUB WOOWER)(即低音扬声器)，其截止频率可以在3kHz以下变化。
步骤8：将视频信号输入具有图13所示的声音驱动电路的OLED中，声音信号通过图13所示的驱动系统同时输入到压电扬声器(图13中显示为压电陶瓷驱动器)和电磁扬声器(图13中显示为低音扬声器)中，由此，能够与OLED的影像同步地从压电扬声器以及电磁式扬声器产生声音。
步骤9：随机从20多岁、40多岁、50多岁的观众中选出10名观众，这些观众通过上述OLED显示屏幕和驱动系统观看影像和声音。在这里，如图14-16所示，样品影像中分别观看了电影(STAR WARS的战斗场景)、音乐人的演唱会、体育转播(足球世界杯)。其中，图14为本申请一实施例提供的不同年龄段的观众对19寸电视机播放的不同节目的临场感的频率数据。图15为本申请一实施例提供的不同年龄段的观众对50寸电视机播放的不同节目的临场感的频率数据。图16为本申请一实施例提供的不同年龄段的观众对80寸电视机播放的不同节目的临场感的频率数据。
在上述步骤9的情况下，连接到电磁式扬声器(低音扬声器)的低通滤波器的截止频率从10kHz逐渐下降100Hz，基本上截止频率越高，电磁式扬声器发出的声音越占主导地位。因此，通过降低截止频率，使压电扬声器声音的影响占主导地位。得到观众随着截止频率的变化而感到临场感的频率。
根据上述感知结果，可以把握压电扬声器和电磁式扬声器的截止频率和给观众的临场感的依赖度。
这些实验的结果汇总在图14-16中，虽然依赖试听的倾向类型有不同，但不管年龄大小，在2000Hz～3000Hz以下都能感受到临场感。
因此，粘贴在自发光式显示装置上的位移元件因振动而使显示装置振动并发音的压电扬声器和同时驱动与显示装置分离的电磁式驱动扬声器系统中，上述压电扬声器和电磁扬声器的交叉频率在500Hz以上且在3000Hz以下是防止画面抖动并且能够获得临场感的频率条件。
参照图17～图24，说明基于上述截止频率的优化条件使用了OLED的压电扬声器的实施例。在下面的说明中，将OLED压电扬声器产生声音的方向设为OLED压电扬声器的正面侧，将其相反面设为背面侧进行说明。压电扬声器包括压电扬声器振子，压电扬声器振子包括压电元件。
图17(a)为压电扬声器振子结构外观图，图17(b)为压电扬声器振子结构与外部电极连接的示意图，图17(c)为压电扬声器振子施加高压电场的结构示意图。图18为本申请一实施例提供的压电元件粘贴在OLED背面侧的示意图。在这里采用的压电元件中使用了钛锆酸铅的压电材料。在做成生坯后层叠10～20枚30μm的薄片后进行压着烧成。烧结温度为1050℃。将第一外部电极2和第二外部电极5分别印刷到烧成的第一压电元件1的上下表面上并进行烧制。在第一外部电极2一侧的部分上同时形成与第一外部电极2没有电连接的第三外部电极3，第三外部电极3通过如图17(b)所示的第一压电元件1侧面的电极与第一压电元件1背面的第二外部电极5连接。第一外部电极2、第三外部电极3、第二外部电极5的烧结温度均为600℃。然后，如图17(c)所示，通过向上下表面的第一外部电极2，第二外部电极5和第三外部电极3之间施加高压电场来极化第一压电元件1，高压电场方向4由第一外部电极2指向第二外部电极5。极化后的第一压电元件1，通过向位于第一压电元件1上部的第一外部电极2和位于第一压电元件1下部的第二外部电极5施加电压，第一压电元件1在纵向方向上延伸。在本实施例中，烧制后产生90mm×30mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子。
如图19所示，将图17(a)中的压电扬声器振子粘贴在OLED显示屏幕的背面。本申请所使用的OLED显示屏幕的构成为，在如18图所示的透明玻璃基板9上，从玻璃基板侧粘贴透明电极层、有机发光层、反射层层叠的有机电致发光(Electro-Luminescence，EL)面板10。这里使用了420mm×240mm×0.7mm的OLED。参照图18～图20进行说明，在该OLED的背面中心部用环氧基粘合剂粘贴第一压电元件1。图19为本申请一实施例提供的压电扬声器振子的引线电极示意图。图20为本申请一实施例提供的OLED显示面板在不同信号状态下的形态。此时如图19所示，在第一压电元件1的第一外部电极2上使用焊料6设置第一引线7，进而在第三外部电极3上同样使用焊料6设置第二引线8。当在第一引线7、第二引线8之间施加电压时，第一压电元件1伸展，但由于用环氧粘合剂固定的面被OLED约束，无法拉伸，所以如图20所示，其中，图20(a)为无外部信号输入时OLED显示面板的形态，图20(b)为有外部信号输入时OLED显示面板的形态，可见输入外部信号会OLED引起弯曲变形。例如，通过在第一引线7和第二引 线8之间施加交流电压，OLED上下弯曲振动，使空气振动产生声音。
将该OLED固定在支架上，采用图13所示的数字音频处理及驱动电路。图21为本申请一实施例提供的OLED显示面板的频响曲线，其中图21中的A曲线是在这种情况下使高通滤波器(High Pass Filter，HPF)短接并以1m的距离测量的声压特性。有效音频大约从300Hz左右到6kHz附近。但是，A曲线频率特性中高频声压不足，在听觉上会产生稍低的声音。图20的弯曲振动的谐振频率源于第一压电元件1的尺寸，压电元件尺寸越大，谐振频率越低。因此，如图1所示粘贴了不同尺寸的第二压电元件11。此时，第二压电元件11的尺寸为45mm×15mm×0.5mm。通过上述方法驱动该OLED时的声压特性如图21中的B曲线所示。低频下的特性与图21中的A曲线相同，但5kHz～10kHz的声压变大。从听觉上来说，高频的声音也可以清晰地延伸出来。但是因为以400Hz发出有效的声音，所以可以确认OLED的图像抖动。因此，使用图13所示数字音频处理及驱动电路中的高通滤波器，将施加到第一压电元件1、第二压电元件11上的信号的频率用一阶6dB/Oct切断，画面抖动消失。
如上所述，如果仅用OLED产生声音，就不会听到低频的声音，因此使用电磁式低音来进行低频校正。这里使用了如图22所示的低音反射型扬声器系统12。图22为本申请一实施例提供的低音反射型扬声器系统结构示意图。反射性扬声器系统12包括开口腔13，低音炮14和筐体15。其中的低音扬声器是阻抗8Ω、口径160mm的移动线圈型。图23为本申请一实施例提供的低音反射型扬声器系统频响曲线。在图23中的A曲线中示出了其频率特性(1m测量)。在图13所示的驱动电路中，通过Audio Amp对向SUB WOOWER侧的输入进行了增益控制，以与图21中A曲线的频率特性中1kHz附近的声压大致相等。再生频带一般具有20Hz～10kHz的特性。为了获得前述的临场感，如图23中B曲线所示，在图13所示驱动电路中的低通滤波器中进行了从1kHz进行-6dB/Oct的衰减设定。
图24为本申请一实施例提供的同时驱动压电扬声器和电磁扬声器系统的频响曲线，是同时在图13所示的驱动电路中驱动并测量这些压电扬声器和电磁扬声器系统12的结果。从20Hz到10kHz的平坦性可以得出，在这个压电扬声器系统中加入了包含声音的影像信号进行了视听确认，画面没有抖动，可以进行充满临场感的视听。
图25～图28所示的实施例使用前述实施例中的第一压电元件1、第二压电元件11，采用1770mm×996mm×0.7mm的OLED作为显示面板。与前述实施例相比，OLED的尺寸变大，因此如图25所示增加了第一压电元件1和第二压电元件11的数量并进行了粘贴。图25为本申请另一实施例2中提供的增加压电元件后OLED显示面板的贴付附方式示意图，在OLED显示面板的长边方向、短边方向分别3等分位置上合计粘贴了4个元件。图26为本申请一实施例提供的OLED显示面板在多个压电元件结构下的频响曲线。与前述实施例相比，OLED显示面板的面积变大，空气的排除容积增加，因此整体的声压上升。另外，再生频带也下降到300Hz附近。在这个OLED显示面板上输入有音乐信号的影像信号，播放后确认画面抖动。因此，与前述实施例相同，使用图13所示的驱动电路中的高通滤波器(HPF)，将施加到第一压电元件1、第二压电元件11的信号的频率用6dB/Oct切断，图像抖动的发生消失。
同前述实施例，如果仅用OLED显示面板产生声音，则不会听到低频的声音，因此在低频校正中使用电磁式扬声器，例如使用电磁式低音炮。这里也使用如图22所示的低音反射型扬声器系统12。图27为本申请一实施例提供的压电扬声器采用低通滤波后的频响曲线。图27中曲线A中示出了其频率特性(在1m距离处测量)。与亲属实施例相同，Audio Amp控制了向SUB WOOWER侧的输入，以使其与图26的频率特性中1kHz附近的声压大致相等。再生频带一般具有20Hz～10kHz的特性。为了获得前述的临场感，如图27中曲线B所示，在图13所示的驱动电路中的低通滤波器中进行了从1kHz开始进行-6dB/Oct的衰减设定。
图28为本申请一实施例提供的驱动压电扬声器和电磁扬声器系统的频响曲线。即图28是同时在图13的电路中驱动并测量这些压电扬声器和电磁扬声器系统12的结果。从20Hz到10kHz的平坦性已经被发现，即使是使用大型OLED的情况下，也可以毫无抖动地进行临场感的影像鉴赏。
尽管已经描述了如第一压电元件1那样产生简单伸缩位移的压电元件，但是也将参考图29～图33来描述另一压电元件的示例。图29为本申请另一实施例提供的压电扬声器振子结构示意图结构示意图。图29(a)为另一压电扬声器振子结构外观图，图29(b)为另一压电扬声器振子结构与外部电极连接的示意图，图29(c)为另一压电扬声器振子施加高压电场的结构示意图。。如图29(b)所示，在第一压电元件1(例如可以为压电陶瓷板)的上下两面分别设置了不导通的第一外部电极2。如图29(c)所示，连接电路并向上下表 面的第一外部电极2施加高压时，高压电场方向4由第一压电元件1上表面的第一外部电极2指向下表面的第一外部电极2所示。图30为本申请一实施例提供的极化后的压电元件在不同电压下的形变示意图。图30(a)为极化后的压电元件在未通电时的结构示意图，图30(b)为极化后的压电元件在通电时的形变示意图。如图30(a)所示，结合偏振方向16将两个第一压电元件1采用具有导电性的粘接剂分别粘贴在金属薄板17的上下两个表面上，形成电路。在电路通电时，如图30(b)所示，金属薄板17上表面的的第一压电元件1收缩，金属薄板17下表面的的第一压电元件1伸展。通过这种作用，两个第一压电元件1在金属薄板17形成边界面，并且分别变形为弯曲形状。该作用通过使施加电压的方向相反而变形成相反的形状。图31为本申请一实施例提供的向极化后的压电元件施加交流电压时的位移形变示意图。从图31中也可以看出，金属薄板17上表面和下表面的第一压电元件为了在不同方向上重复伸缩而产生弯曲振动。金属薄板17和其上下表面夹的第一压电元件1共同组成了一个振动元件。图32为本申请一实施例提供的振动元件围绕支承部件上下弯曲变形示意图。如图32所示，支承部件18固定在该振动元件的两个端部。由此，振动元件围绕支承部件18上下弯曲振动。图32(a)为振动元件围绕支承部件在未通电时的结构示意图，图32(b)为振动元件围绕支承部件在通电时的形变示意图。图33为本申请一实施例提供的向振动元件围绕支承部件施加交流电压时的位移形变示意图。如图33所示，当振动元件的支承部件18连接到OLED显示面板的背面并输入驱动信号时，弯曲振动通过支承部件18传递到OLED显示面板的表面，并且与前述实施例相同，在OLED显示面板的表面上产生振动。因此，第一压电元件的形态也可以采用自动诱发弯曲振动的单模结构和双振结构。
本申请实施例提供了一种适用于上述扬声器系统的平板压电扬声器振子，图34本申请另一实施例提供的平板压电扬声器振子的结构示意图。如附图34所示，设有9层单个压电陶瓷片，第5层为内部隔离层，内部隔离层以上的单个压电陶瓷片的极化方向，与使用时所加电场方向相反，从而产生缩短变位，内部隔离层以下的单个压电陶瓷片的极化方向，与使用时所加电场方向相同，从而产生伸缩变位，进而整体变位量增加。
图35和图36为本申请另一实施例提供的平板压电扬声器振子的结构示意图。其中，图35和图26中所示的压电陶瓷片的长宽比不同。如附图35、36所示，平板压电扬声器振子中的压电陶瓷片呈长方形，长宽比为3:1-10:1。所述平板压电扬声器振子包括用于中高频发声的平板压电扬声器振子和用于中低频发声的平板压电扬声器振子。其中用于中高频发声的平板压电扬声器振子中的压电陶瓷片的面积为用于中低频发声的平板压电扬声器振子中压电陶瓷片面积的1/10。
极化时3-1所加电极为负电极，3-2为正电极，3-3为接地GND电极；从而保证极化方向如图34中所示，1、3、7、9层压电陶瓷片中的极化方向向下，2、4、6、8层压电陶瓷片中的极化方向向上。压电陶瓷正常工作时，负电极3-1、正电极3-2采用导电引线焊接接通，从而引入电场正极，3-3为GND电极回路接入。压电陶瓷片内部产生电场方向如图34中所示，1、3、6、8层压电陶瓷片中的电场方向向下，2、4、7、9层压电陶瓷片中的电场方向向上。从而使位于第5层内部隔离层之上的上半部分压电陶瓷片极化方向同所加电场方向相反；位于第5层内部隔离层之下的下半部分压电陶瓷片极化方向同所加电场方向相同；从而产生变位形态，增加变位量，从而增加相位振幅，从而提高发音音量。
所述平板压电扬声器振子采用锆钛酸铅(PZT)、铌酸钾钠(KNN)或其他体系无铅或含铅材料制备而成；积层工艺采用压力机或等静压设备，采用100-300MPa/cm 2压强，压制而成；所述平板压电扬声器振子内部电极采用银/钯(Ag/Pd)金属材料制备而成，外部电极采用金Au、银Ag等金属材料制备而成。
本申请提供的扬声器系统，体积小、影像与声音失真小，能够减小影像与声音在空间上的偏差，进而提供更具有现场感的影像显示。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扬声器系统，包括压电扬声器以及电磁式扬声器，所述压电扬声器与所述电磁式扬声器的交叉频率在500Hz以上，所述压电扬声器设置在显示装置背面，所述电磁式扬声器设置在显示装置底部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述显示装置为有机发光二极管OLED显示器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述压电扬声器与所述电磁式扬声器的交叉频率在3000Hz以下。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述压电扬声器包括压电扬声器振子，所述OLED显示器的尺寸为420mm×240mm×0.7mm，所述OLED显示器的背面粘贴两种不同尺寸的压电扬声器振子，所述两种压电扬声器振子分别为：45mm×15mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子，90mm×30mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子；
    所述扬声器系统还包括数字音频处理及驱动电路，所述数字音频处理及驱动电路包括分别与音频信号放大器相连的高频左声道输出电路、高频右声道输出电路以及低频输出电路，所述高频左声道输出电路与所述高频右声道输出电路中分别设有高通滤波器，所述高通滤波器的输出端分别与所述两个压电扬声器振子相连，所述高通滤波器对送入的音频信号进行一阶6dB/oct处理，所述低频输出电路中设有低通滤波器，所述低通滤波器的输出端与所述电磁式扬声器相连，所述低通滤波器对送入的音频信号进行-6dB/oct处理。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述压电扬声器包括压电扬声器振子，所述OLED显示器的尺寸为1770mm×996mm×0.7mm，所述OLED显示器的背面粘贴两种不同尺寸的压电扬声器振子，分别为：45mm×15mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子，90mm×30mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子；
    所述扬声器系统还包括数字音频处理及驱动电路，所述数字音频处理及驱动电路包括分别与音频信号放大器相连的高频左声道输出电路、高频右声道输出电路以及低频输出电路，所述高频左声道输出电路与所述高频右声道输出电路中分别设有高通滤波器，所述高通滤波器的输出端分别与所述两个压电扬声器振子相连，所述高通滤波器对送入的音频信号进行一阶6dB/oct处理，所述低频输出电路中设有低通滤波器，所述低通滤波器的输出端与所述电磁式扬声器相连，所述低通滤波器对送入的音频信号进行-6dB/oct处理。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述OLED显示器的背面粘贴两个45mm×15mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子，以及两个90mm×30mm×0.5mm的矩形压电扬声器振子，四个压电扬声器振子分别位于所述OLED显示器的长边的三等分线上或位于所述OLED显示器的短边的三等分线上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的扬声器系统，其中，位于所述OLED显示器的背面的大尺寸压电扬声器振子位于小尺寸压电扬声器振子下侧。
  8. 根据权利要求4或5中任意一项所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述压电扬声器振子包括经高压电场极化处理后的压电元件；所述压电元件包括层叠设置的10-20层30μm厚的钛锆酸铅材料制成的压电陶瓷片；第一外部电极和第二外部电极分别印刷在所述压电元件的上侧和下侧，在所述压电元件的上侧或下侧设有与同侧外部电极无电气连接的第三外部电极，所述第三外部电极绕所述压电元件侧面后与不同侧的外部电极相连；其中，所述高压电场极化处理包括对所述第一外部电极，所述第二外部电极和所述第三外部电极施加高压电场。
  9. 根据权利要求4或5中任意一项所述的扬声器系统，其中，所述压电扬声器振子包括压电元件，并采用自动诱发弯曲振动的单模结构和双振结构，所述压电扬声器振子中设有金属薄板，所述金属薄板的上侧和下侧分别经导电粘结剂粘贴固定两个压电元件，每个压电元件的压电陶瓷板的上下两面设有彼此不导通的外部电极，两个压电元件沿偏振方向对应设置在所述金属薄板的上侧和下侧，外部驱动信号送入后，所述金属薄板上侧的压电元件收缩，所述金属薄板下侧的压电元件伸展；所述金属薄板两端分别设有用于与所述OLED显示器连接固定的支承部件，外部送入交流电信号后，所述金属薄板上侧和下侧的压元件在不同方向上重复伸缩而产生弯曲振动，以实现压所述电扬声器振子围绕所述支承部件的上下弯曲振动。
  10. 一种如权利要求1-7中任意一项所述扬声器系统的应用方法，将如权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的扬声器系统应用于电视中，响应于确定所述电视的厚度范围为0.5mm-2.0mm，且所述电视输出的音频信号小于500Hz，采用电磁式扬声器播放声音；响应于确定所述电视的厚度范围为0.5mm-2.0mm，所述电视输出的音频信号大于3000Hz，采用压电扬声器播放声音。
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