WO2023025741A1 - Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische polyamide - Google Patents
Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische polyamide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023025741A1 WO2023025741A1 PCT/EP2022/073369 EP2022073369W WO2023025741A1 WO 2023025741 A1 WO2023025741 A1 WO 2023025741A1 EP 2022073369 W EP2022073369 W EP 2022073369W WO 2023025741 A1 WO2023025741 A1 WO 2023025741A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polyamide
- acid
- weight
- units
- mol
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920006012 semi-aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 252
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 252
- -1 aliphatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006111 poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QLBRROYTTDFLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCCC(CN)C1 QLBRROYTTDFLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- FLNVMZFSXZGEKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-diphenylphosphorylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(P(=O)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 FLNVMZFSXZGEKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011955 best available control technology Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCN YQLZOAVZWJBZSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000572 Nylon 6/12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GAGWMWLBYJPFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloctane-1,8-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CCCCCCN GAGWMWLBYJPFDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WTKWFNIIIXNTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-isocyanato-5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan Chemical compound CC1=CC(N=C=O)=C(C(F)(F)F)O1 WTKWFNIIIXNTDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCC(C(O)=O)C1 XBZSBBLNHFMTEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Dodecanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TVIDDXQYHWJXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SXJVFQLYZSNZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,9-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCN SXJVFQLYZSNZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006128 poly(nonamethylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QFTYSVGGYOXFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,12-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCCN QFTYSVGGYOXFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MRERMGPPCLQIPD-NBVRZTHBSA-N (3beta,5alpha,9alpha,22E,24R)-3,5,9-Trihydroxy-23-methylergosta-7,22-dien-6-one Chemical compound C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)/C=C(\C)C(C)C(C)C)CCC33)C)(O)C3=CC(=O)C21O MRERMGPPCLQIPD-NBVRZTHBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCC(CN)CC1 OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCC(N)C1 GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010102 injection blow moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminooctane Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCN PWGJDPKCLMLPJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000206 moulding compound Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 12
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 5
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHCBFGGESJQAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2,6-dimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1C(C)C(N)C(C)CC1CC1CC(C)C(N)C(C)C1 JHCBFGGESJQAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)C(C)CC1CC1CC(C)C(N)CC1 IGSBHTZEJMPDSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006020 amorphous polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical group C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BCDIWLCKOCHCIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CP(O)=O BCDIWLCKOCHCIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920005996 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006114 semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004953 Aliphatic polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCNWZROVPSVEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QCNWZROVPSVEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006152 PA1010 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006143 PA616 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005643 Pelargonic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BTZVDPWKGXMQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BTZVDPWKGXMQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003231 aliphatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KEMQGTRYUADPNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYECJBOWSGTPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCC(N)N SYECJBOWSGTPLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002531 isophthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006396 polyamide 1012 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003336 secondary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilaurin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O LWBHHRRTOZQPDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-hexane-1,2,6-triol Chemical compound OCCCC[C@H](O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VCMZIKKVYXGKCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2,4-ditert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.C(C)(C)(C)C1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(C)(C)C)C)C(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C1=C(C=C(C=C1C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C VCMZIKKVYXGKCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLWNLYFYKIIZKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,7,9-tetratert-butyl-11-(6-methylheptoxy)-5h-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocine Chemical compound C1C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C2OP(OCCCCCC(C)C)OC2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C(C)(C)C BLWNLYFYKIIZKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMKXVFDVQUQLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,7,9-tetratert-butyl-11-fluoro-5-methyl-5h-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocine Chemical compound CC1C2=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C2OP(F)OC2=C1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C2C(C)(C)C MYMKXVFDVQUQLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005207 1,3-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OKMWKBLSFKFYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-behenoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO OKMWKBLSFKFYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOGDNNLIBAUIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-dinaphthalen-1-ylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NC=3C=CC(NC=4C5=CC=CC=C5C=CC=4)=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 AOGDNNLIBAUIIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRMMVODKVLXCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-cyclohexyl-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC(C=C1)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZRMMVODKVLXCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUERRGNERQTBAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)CC1CO1 DUERRGNERQTBAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical class CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGDWASZPMIGAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-but-1-enylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCC=CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O FGDWASZPMIGAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAUVRGZOEXGUJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-(oxiran-2-yl)but-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)=CCC1CO1 HAUVRGZOEXGUJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CCCN JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2N=C(N)N=C(N)N=2)=N1 YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 UOBYKYZJUGYBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSGSSTRMKJNXRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonoterephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(P(O)(O)=O)=C1 LSGSSTRMKJNXRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLMQPDHYNJCQAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(O)=O MLMQPDHYNJCQAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIBRSVLEQRWAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP1OCC2(COP(OC=3C(=CC(=CC=3)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC2)CO1 AIBRSVLEQRWAEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSADPHQCUURWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis(2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1OP1OCC2(COP(OC=3C(=CC(C)=CC=3C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC2)CO1 SSADPHQCUURWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLUZWKKWWSCRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-bis(8-methylnonoxy)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OP(OCCCCCCCC(C)C)OCC21COP(OCCCCCCCC(C)C)OC2 YLUZWKKWWSCRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJAWGGOCYUPCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-n-[4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJAWGGOCYUPCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 WVDRSXGPQWNUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 NEQFBGHQPUXOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-tert-butyl-m-cresol Natural products CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C(O)=C1 XOUQAVYLRNOXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STKWTLFLUDGNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.CP(O)=O.CP(O)=O Chemical compound C.CP(O)=O.CP(O)=O STKWTLFLUDGNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical class [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910014572 C—O—P Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylphosphine oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCN WJYIASZWHGOTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYXPNJGTRGLPPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(P(O)=O)=C1 Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(P(O)=O)=C1 MYXPNJGTRGLPPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFTZNROJKKVWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(P(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(P(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O CFTZNROJKKVWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004110 Zinc silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-octadecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(octadecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSAOTYCWGCRGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC XSAOTYCWGCRGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002684 aminocaproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URRLLRVIUROMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene-1,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C3C=C21 URRLLRVIUROMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFNNDGVVMCZKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azacyclododecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCN1 QFNNDGVVMCZKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEFSGHVBJCEKAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4-ditert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite Chemical compound CC=1C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=1OP(OCC)OC1=C(C)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C ZEFSGHVBJCEKAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTKWTCYBDMELQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4-ditert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1C(OP(O)O)C1=C(C)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C YTKWTCYBDMELQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(hexamethylene)triamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCNCCCCCCN MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical class O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- WTVAYLQYAWAHAX-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+4] WTVAYLQYAWAHAX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEVZEFCZINKUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;octadecanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O PEVZEFCZINKUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006039 crystalline polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IBDMRHDXAQZJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorophosphorylbenzene Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IBDMRHDXAQZJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(O)(=O)CC KTLIMPGQZDZPSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOJNABIZVJCYFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylphosphinic acid Chemical compound CP(C)(O)=O GOJNABIZVJCYFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIWYFFIJXBGVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxotin hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Sn]=O ZIWYFFIJXBGVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BULYQPQVGJVSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl(sulfanylidene)-lambda5-phosphane Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 BULYQPQVGJVSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEQVQKJCLJBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphinic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BEQVQKJCLJBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOIVSVWBENBHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dizinc;silicate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] ZOIVSVWBENBHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCWGHIAGIBAKFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diamine;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCN.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O KCWGHIAGIBAKFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIQZBQZKBKLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 1-[[2-chloroethyl(nitroso)carbamoyl]amino]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound ClCCN(N=O)C(=O)NC1(C(=O)OCC)CCCCC1 FPIQZBQZKBKLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(C)(O)=O NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHUSDOQQWJGJQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol 1,2-dioctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UHUSDOQQWJGJQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006017 homo-polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical class N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IJHFIVUWUURYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[La+3] IJHFIVUWUURYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[La+3] YXEUGTSPQFTXTR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OBQVOBQZMOXRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;docosanoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O OBQVOBQZMOXRAL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZFPSDNAYBMSVQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-[(4-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)-phenylphosphoryl]oxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C1OP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 ZFPSDNAYBMSVQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RMJCJLHZCBFPDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RMJCJLHZCBFPDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZTJCIYEOQYVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(propyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCP(C)(O)=O SZTJCIYEOQYVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002216 methylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDLUSQPEQUJVOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(N)N DDLUSQPEQUJVOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluic acid Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M octacosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002969 oleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003901 oxalic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 150000002979 perylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- MLCHBQKMVKNBOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphinic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLCHBQKMVKNBOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003918 potentiometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][13C](=O)[13C](F)(F)F UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical class FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCN KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/42—Polyamides containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/265—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from at least two different diamines or at least two different dicarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to inherently flame-resistant, partially aromatic polyamides based on aliphatic diamines, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, partially containing phosphorus, and optionally other polyamide-forming components.
- the invention also relates to flame-retardant molding compositions based on inherently flame-resistant, partially aromatic polyamides. Both the polyamides and the molding compositions produced from them have good flame retardancy and good mechanical properties. These molding compounds are suitable for the production of particularly thin-walled moldings for the electrical and electronics industry, such as housings, housing components or connectors.
- the invention relates to the use of the polyamides and polyamide molding compounds according to the invention for the production of moldings, in particular components for the electrical and electronics industry and for the automobile industry.
- plastics For some uses, high demands are placed on plastics with regard to their flame-retardant properties. Because of the risk of short circuits, it is essential that plastics are flame-retardant, particularly when used in electrical or electronic devices.
- plastics with a reactive flame retardant are also used, i.e. the flame retardant is part of the plastic and was chemically bonded to it during polymerisation.
- flame-retardant additives include nitrogen-based compounds such as melamine and urea, brominated polystyrenes, and organophosphorus compounds.
- Another essential requirement for plastics are good mechanical properties, which can be further improved by fiber reinforcement, among other things.
- the prior art contains a number of examples of glass-fiber-reinforced, flame-retardant molding compositions. Achieving fire protection class UL 94 V0 represents a particular challenge for glass fiber reinforced polyamide molding compounds.
- EP 1 613 698 A1 relates to halogen-free, flame-retardant molding compositions based on partly aromatic, partly crystalline polyamides which contain salts of phosphinic acids as flame retardants. Because of their dimensional stability at high temperatures and the favorable fire these molding compounds are suitable for the production of thin-walled moldings for the electrical and electronics industry.
- the particulate flame retardants used lead to a reduction in the mechanical properties, in particular with regard to the stress at break, the elongation at break, the impact and notched impact properties, a deterioration in the surface quality and corrosion of the plant parts used for production and processing.
- US Pat. No. 4,837,394 relates to electrostatic toner particles based on a polyester resin which, as a monomer, contains, inter alia, a dimethyl isophthalate provided with a phosphonium substituent.
- the quaternary phosphonium groups act as charge carriers in the toner particles. Due to the homogeneous distribution of the charge carriers, a very low content of quaternary phosphonium groups in the range from 10' 9 to 10' 4 mol/g is already sufficient to implement an electrostatographic imaging process. However, this does not achieve adequate flame protection.
- US Pat. No. 3,108,991 discloses linear polyamides based on bis(aminoalkyl)alkylphosphines and aliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diamines and bis(carboxyalkyl)alkylphosphine oxides.
- the polyamides described are soluble in cold or warm water and have low softening points.
- WO 2018 071790 A1 discloses flame-retardant polyamides that contain phosphorus in the polymer chain.
- the bis(4-methoxy- carbonylphenoxy)phenylphosphine oxide is produced from methylparaben and phenylphosphonic acid dichloride.
- the reaction of this phosphorus-containing dicarboxylic acid with m-xylylenediamine (MXDA) is described.
- MXDA m-xylylenediamine
- JP11286545A describes phosphorus-containing copolyamides with a high glass transition temperature, which can be prepared by polycondensation in an inert solvent at temperatures of 50 to 200.degree.
- 2,5-Dicarboxyphenylphosphonic acid, 3,5-dicarboxyphenylphosphinic acid and derivatives thereof are mentioned as the phosphorus-carrying monomer.
- the copolyamides based on the dicarboxyphenylphosphinic acids mentioned and the diamine 4,4'-oxydianiline and isophthalic acid as a further dicarboxylic acid have glass transition temperatures in the range from 240 to 276.degree. Therefore, these polyamides cannot be polycondensed in the melt.
- the inherently flame-retardant polyamides described above in the prior art which contain phosphorus in the polymer chain, have poor chemical resistance, are largely soluble even in cold or warm water, contain a "weak" C-P or C-O-P bond in the polymer chain and have usually low softening points, in particular low glass transition temperatures and thus a rather low heat resistance.
- the polyamides and polyamide molding compounds according to the invention should preferably have a fire protection classification V0 according to UL94 for specimens with a thickness of 0.35 to 3.2 mm, in particular 0.5 mm.
- Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 where the substituents R1, R2 are each independently C1 - C8-alkyl or aryl and the substituents R3, R4, R5 are each independently H, alkyl, aryl, F, CI, Br or P(R1)( R2) are O;
- F a,w-aminocarboxylic acids, lactams.
- polyamide X there is at least one other polyamide unit in addition to the polyamide units AC, i.e. at least two polyamide units must be present, such as in the combination of the units AB and AC or AC and F, and that thus the remaining polyamide units are optional.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acids of component B are different from the dicarboxylic acids of component C, in particular they are free of phosphorus.
- polyamide units mentioned above e.g. the polyamide units AC or AB
- the polyamide X is a copolyamide that has at least two different repeating units, for example the polyamide units AC and AB.
- two different aromatic dicarboxylic acids B and C are used in the production of polyamide X.
- the object is also achieved by a process for the production of the inventive polyamides according to claim 9. Furthermore, the object is achieved by providing a polyamide molding compound FM according to claim 10, containing the polyamide X described above, and at least one filler and/or at least one additive and/or at least one polyamide Y different from polyamide X.
- polyamide (abbreviation PA) is understood to be a generic term which includes homopolyamides and copolyamides regardless of their molar mass or viscosity.
- polyamide includes both the lower molecular weight polyamide precondensates and the high molecular weight homo- and copolyamides.
- the chosen spellings and abbreviations for polyamides and their monomers correspond to those specified in ISO standard 16396-1 (2015(D)).
- T or TPS for terephthalic acid
- I or IPS for isophthalic acid
- MACM for bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl) methane (also referred to as 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, CAS # 6864-37-5)
- PACM for bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (also referred to as 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, CAS No.
- TMDC Bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methane (also referred to as 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, CAS -No. 65962-45-0).
- HMDA 1,6-hexanediamine (also referred to as hexamethylenediamine).
- amorphous polyamides Compared to semi-crystalline polyamides, amorphous polyamides have no heat of fusion, or only a very low, barely detectable heat of fusion. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357 (2013) at a heating rate of 20 K/min, the amorphous polyamides preferably show a heat of fusion of less than 3 J/g, very particularly preferably from 0 to 1 y/g. Amorphous polyamides do not have a melting point due to their amorphous nature.
- semi-crystalline polyamides In addition to a glass transition temperature, semi-crystalline polyamides have a pronounced melting point and show in dynamic differential calorimetry (DSC) according to ISO 11357 (2013) at a heating rate of 20 K/min provides a heat of fusion of at least 15 J/g, more preferably at least 20 J/g, most preferably in the range of 25 to 80 J/g.
- DSC dynamic differential calorimetry
- the monomers of the dicarboxylic acid and diamine components and any lactams/aminocarboxylic acids or monofunctional regulators used form repeating units or end groups in the form of amides by condensation, which are derived from the respective monomers. These generally make up at least 95 mol %, in particular at least 99 mol %, of all the repeating units and end groups present in the polyamide.
- the polyamide can also contain small amounts of other repeating units, which can result from degradation or side reactions of the monomers, for example the diamines.
- the polyamide according to the invention is a polyamide X with the polyamide units AB/AC/AE/DB/DC/DE/F, where, in addition to the polyamide units AC, at least one further polyamide unit selected from the group consisting of the polyamide AB, AE, DB, DC, DE and F units must be present.
- the polyamide units that do not correspond to AC and the at least one further polyamide unit are optional and that, in the simplest case, the polyamide X comprises only two polyamide units.
- the monomer units A, B, C, D, E and F are derived from the following bifunctional molecules, the monomers, which are amidically bound in the polyamide X.
- Possible monomers for the production of the polyamides X include the components A, B, C, D, E and F:
- a aliphatic diamines preferably aliphatic diamines having 6 to 12 carbon atoms
- B aromatic phosphorus-free dicarboxylic acids preferably isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid or a mixture thereof;
- E aliphatic dicarboxylic acids preferably acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms
- F a,w-aminocarboxylic acids, lactams. It is preferred if the total diamines used and the total dicarboxylic acids used in the polyamide X in a molar ratio of 1.06:1 to 1:1.06, particularly preferably from 1.03:1 to 1:1.03 and particularly preferably in a molar ratio of 1.01:1 :1.01 are present in the polyamide X.
- the aliphatic diamine A is selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, hexanediamine, in particular 1,6-hexanediamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine , 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, nonanediamine, in particular 1,9-nonanediamine, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12 -dodecanediamine, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexanediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (BAG), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, bis(4 -amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane (MACM), bis(4-aminocycl
- the aliphatic diamines A are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of diamines having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular 1,6-hexanediamine, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1 ,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and mixtures thereof.
- aromatic phosphorus-free dicarboxylic acids are preferably selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 3,3'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid , 4,4'-diphenylmethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylisopropylidonedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(phenoxy)ethane-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, 2,5-anthracenedicarboxylic acid , 4,4'-p-terphenylenedicarboxylic acid and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid were used.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acids B are particularly preferably selected as
- the phosphorus-containing, aromatic dicarboxylic acids C are selected from the group consisting of 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiethylphosphine oxide, 2,4-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4-
- 3,5-Dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphospinoxid is a dicarboxylic acid according to formula 1, where the substituents R1 and R2 are phenyl and the substituents R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the diamines D are selected from the group consisting of m-xylylenediamine (MXDA), p- xylylenediamine (PXDA) and mixtures thereof.
- Diamine D is particularly preferably selected as m-xylylenediamine.
- a further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids E are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, 1,7-heptanedioic acid, 1,8- Octanedioic acid, 1,9-nonanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,11-undecanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,13-tridecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,15-pentadecanedioic acid, 1,16- hexadecanedioic acid, 1,17-heptadecanedioic acid, 1,18-octadecanedioic acid, and mixtures thereof.
- the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids E are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, in particular adipic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, cyclohexane-1 ,3-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof.
- dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms in particular adipic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, cyclohexane-1 ,3-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarbox
- the a,w-aminocarboxylic acids or the lactams F are selected from the group consisting of caprolactam, undecanolactam, laurolactam, a,w-aminocaproic acid, a,w-aminoheptanoic acid, a,w-aminooctanoic acid, a ,w-aminononanoic acid, a,w-aminodecanoic acid, a,w-aminoundecanoic acid (AUA) and a,w-aminododecanoic acid (ADA), particular preference being given to a,w-aminoundecanoic acid, caprolactam and laurolactam and mixtures thereof.
- the polyamides X can contain at least one monofunctional carboxylic acid G1 or monofunctional amine G2 as monofunctional regulator G in copolymerized form.
- the monofunctional regulators G are used for the end-capping of the polyamides produced according to the invention.
- all monocarboxylic acids G1 which are capable of reacting with at least some of the available amino groups under the reaction conditions of the polyamide condensation are suitable.
- Suitable monocarboxylic acids G1 are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, alicyclic monocarboxylic acids and aromatic monocarboxylic acids.
- the monocarboxylic acid G1 is particularly preferably selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, stearic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the aliphatic polyamides (X) contain exclusively benzoic acid in copolymerized form as the monocarboxylic acid G1.
- the polyamides X can contain at least one monoamine G2 in copolymerized form.
- the monoamines G2 are used for the end-capping of the polyamides produced according to the invention. In principle, all monoamines which are capable of reacting with at least some of the available carboxylic acid groups under the reaction conditions of the polyamide condensation are suitable.
- Preferred monoamines G2 are aliphatic monoamines.
- methylamine ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, decylamine, stearylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine and mixtures thereof.
- a polyamide X is preferred in which the content of the polyamide units AC is 1 to 99 mol %, preferably 10 to 90 mol %, particularly preferably 10 to 60 mol %, and the content of the at least one further polyamide unit is 1 to 99 mol%, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 40 to 90 mol%, based in each case on the sum of the polyamide units AC and the at least one further polyamide unit AB, AE, DB, DC, DE, F .
- a polyamide X in which, with regard to components A to F, at least one of the selection groups mentioned below is selected, particularly preferably the selection groups for components A, B and C or A, B, C and E are selected and particularly preferably all selection groups are selected at the same time:
- the aliphatic diamines are selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexanediamine, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (BAC);
- aromatic non-phosphorus dicarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof;
- the phosphorus-containing, aromatic dicarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiethylphosphine oxide, 2,4-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4- dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide, 2,4-dicarboxyphenyldiethylphosphine oxide, preferably selected as 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide or 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiethylphosphine oxide;
- the diamines containing aromatic moieties are selected from the group consisting of m-xylylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, and mixtures thereof;
- E the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, cyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane 1,4-dicarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof;
- F the ⁇ , ⁇ -aminocarboxylic acids or the lactams F are selected from the group consisting of ⁇ , ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid, caprolactam and laurolactam and mixtures thereof.
- the polyamide X is a polyamide in which the at least one further polyamide unit is selected from the group AB, AE and F, the content of the polyamide unit AC being 1 to 99 mol %, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 10 to 60 mol% and the sum of the contents of the polyamide units AB, AE, and F being 1 to 99 mol%, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 40 to 90 mol% , in each case based on the sum of the polyamide units AB, AC, AE and F.
- a polyamide X which comprises at least the polyamide units AB and AC and the content of the polyamide unit AB is 1 to 99 mol%, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 40 to 90 mol% and the content of Polyamide units AC 1 to 99 mol%, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 10 to 60 mol%, based in each case on the sum of the polyamide units AB and AC.
- a polyamide X which comprises at least the polyamide units AB, AC and AE and where the content of the polyamide unit AC is 1 to 99 mol%, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 10 to 60 mol% and where the Content of the polyamide units AB or AB and AE is 1 to 99 mol%, preferably 10 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 40 to 90 mol%, based in each case on the sum of the polyamide units AB, AC and AE.
- the polyamide X is a polyamide which comprises at least the polyamide units AB and AC, and the monomer units A, B and C are preferably derived from the following molecules, which are amidically bound in the polyamide X:
- A Acyclic aliphatic diamine selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (BAC);
- Aromatic non-phosphorus dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and mixtures thereof;
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiethylphosphine oxide, 2,4-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4-dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide, 2,4-dicarboxyphenyldiethylphosphine oxide.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acids B are selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid.
- a polyamide X in which the polyamide units AB are selected from the group consisting of the polyamide units 6I, 6T, 8I, 8T, 9I, 9T, 101, 10T, 121, 12T, 6T/6I, 9T/9I, 10T is also preferred /10I, 12T/12I, 6T/10T, 6T/9T, 6T/8T, BACI, BACT, BACT/BACI, BACT/6T, BACT/10T, and/or the polyamide units AE are selected from the group consisting of the polyamide units 66, 610, 611, 612, 614, 616, 618, 106, 1010, 1011, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018, BAC6, BAC10, BAC11 , BAC12, BAC14, BAC16.
- a polyamide X is preferred which comprises at least the polyamide units AB and AC and where the polyamide units AB consist of
- polyamide units AB which are derived from terephthalic acid in combination with hexamethylenediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and/or or derive 1.10-decanediamine,
- polyamide units AB which are derived from isophthalic acid in combination with hexamethylenediamine, 1,3-bis-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and /or derive 1.10-decanediamine, where the parts by weight of components (a1) and (a2) together add up to 100 parts by weight, based on the polyamide units AB.
- a polyamide X which, in addition to components A to F, can also contain monofunctional regulators G as further components.
- the polyamide X consists exclusively of the polyamide units AC and AB and/or AE.
- the polyamide X is therefore the systems AB/AC, AC/AE or AB/AC/AE, which can also contain monofunctional regulators G as further components.
- the content of polyamide units AC is preferably 1 to 99 mol %, particularly preferably 10 to 90 mol % and particularly preferably 10 to 60 mol %, and the content of polyamide units AB and/or AE is preferably 1 to 99 mol %. , particularly preferably 10 to 90 mol% and particularly preferably 10 to 40 mol%, based in each case on the sum of the polyamide units AB, AC and AE.
- a polyamide X which exclusively comprises the polyamide units AB and AC or exclusively the polyamide units AC and AE is particularly preferred.
- a particularly preferred polyamide X is exclusively the polyamide units AB and AC, and where the aliphatic diamines A are selected from 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,10- Decanediamine and mixtures thereof, the aromatic dicarboxylic acids B are selected as terephthalic acid or a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid and the phosphorus-containing, aromatic dicarboxylic acids C are selected as 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldiphenylphosphine oxide, 3,5-dicarboxyphenyldimethylphosphine oxide, 3,5- Dicarboxyphenyl diethylphosphine oxide and mixtures thereof.
- the polyamides X are preferably partially crystalline polyamides which have an enthalpy of fusion of at least 15 J/g, particularly preferably at least 20 J/g.
- the polyamide X in the form of the precondensates preferably has a solution viscosity r
- the polyamide X in high molecular weight or post-condensed form preferably has a solution viscosity r
- the polyamides X preferably have a phosphorus content of at least 1.0% by weight, particularly preferably a phosphorus content in the range from 1.5 to 7% by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 1.7 to 4.0% by weight.
- the polyamides according to the invention have good flame retardancy and preferably have a V0 flame retardant classification, determined according to UL94 (“Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Applications” by Underwriters Laboratories) on test specimens measuring 127 x 12.7 x 0.35 mm, 127 x 12.7 x 0.5 mm, 127 x 12.7 x 0.75 mm, 127 x 12.7 x 1.5 mm and 127 x 12.7 x 3.0 mm, previously conditioned for 48 h in a standard climate at 23 °C and a relative humidity of 50% or 7 days at 70 °C were stored in a convection oven.
- UL94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Applications
- polyamide X preferably comprises a polycondensation reaction between at least one aromatic phosphorus-free dicarboxylic acid B and/or an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid E, at least one phosphorus-containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid C according to formula 1, 2 and/or 3, where the substituents R1, R2 are each independently C1 - C8-alkyl or aryl and the substituents R3, R4, R5 are each independently H, alkyl, aryl, F, CI, Br or P(R1)(R2)O, and at least one aliphatic diamine A and optionally further monomers D and F, if appropriate in the presence of monofunctional regulators G and/or process auxiliaries.
- Preferred process auxiliaries are inorganic and organic stabilizers, catalysts and defoamers.
- Preferred catalysts are phosphorus compounds such as phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phenylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphinic acid and/or their salts with monovalent to trivalent cations such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zn or Al and/or their esters, such as B. triphenyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphite or tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite. Hypophosphorous acid and its salts, such as sodium hypophosphite, are particularly preferred as catalysts.
- the polyamide X starting from the monomers A to F in a pressure vessel to form a high molecular weight polymer with a preferred number-average molar mass (Mn) of greater than 3000 g/mol, particularly preferably in the range from 4000 to 20,000 g/mol, or polycondensed to give what is known as a precondensate, which has a lower number-average molar mass (Mn), preferably below 3000 g/mol, particularly preferably in the range from 800 to 2500 g/mol.
- Mn number-average molar mass
- the pre-condensate can be converted into a high-molecular polymer by solid-phase and/or melt post-condensation, with a preferred number-average molar mass (Mn) of greater than 3000 g/mol, particularly preferably greater than 4000 g/mol, in particular in the range of 4000 up to 20,000 g/mol.
- Mn number-average molar mass
- the process for producing polyamide X which comprises at least the polyamide units AC and at least one further polyamide unit AB, AE, DB, DC, DE or F, is preferably carried out in pressure vessels, with components A, C and at least a further component B, D, E, F and optionally monofunctional regulators G and process auxiliaries and water, a pressure phase at 240° C. to 330° C. with subsequent expansion at 240° C. to 320° C., with subsequent degassing at 240° C to 320°C and discharging the polyamide in strand form or in powder form, cooling, granulating the strands and drying the granules or the powder.
- the precondensates can be post-condensed in the solid phase at temperatures in the range from 150 to 300 °C.
- the melt post-condensation preferably takes place at temperatures of 300 to 400° C. in an extruder.
- Mixtures of two or more different precondensates can preferably also be converted into a high molecular weight polyamide by post-condensation.
- a polyamide X precondensate according to the invention can also be post-condensed together with another precondensate which does not contain the polyamide units AC to give a high molecular weight polyamide X.
- the invention also includes the provision of a polyamide molding compound FM containing the polyamide X, and at least one filler and/or at least one additive and/or at least one polyamide Y different from polyamide X.
- Polyamide Y is preferably selected from the group consisting of: Polyamide 6, Polyamide 66, Polyamide 610, Polyamide 612, Polyamide 614, Polyamide 616, Polyamide 1010, Polyamide 1012, Polyamide 1014, Polyamide 1016, Polyamide 11, Polyamide 12, Polyamide 6 /12, polyamide 6I, polyamide 9T, polyamide 10T, polyamide 6T/6I, polyamide 6T/66, polyamide 6T/10T or mixtures thereof.
- Polyamides 6T/6I, 6T/66, 6T/10T and mixtures thereof are very particularly preferred as polyamide Y.
- the polyamide molding composition FM contains the following components or preferably consists of the following components:
- At least one additive S different from X and T 0.01 to 50% by weight of at least one additive S different from X and T; where components S, T and X together add up to 100% by weight.
- the polyamide molding compound FM contains the following components or preferably consists of the following components:
- Polyamide Y is a polyamide that is free of polyamide units AC and DC, i.e. it does not contain component C.
- Polyamide Y preferably contains at least one of the polyamide units AB, AE, DB, DE, F. In a preferred embodiment, this contains Polyamide Y only polyamide units AE and/or F, ie it is preferably an aliphatic polyamide.
- the polyamide Y is selected from the group consisting of polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 614, polyamide 616, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, polyamide 1014, polyamide 1016, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 6/12, polyamide 6I, polyamide 9T, polyamide 10T, polyamide 6T/6I, polyamide 6T/66, polyamide 6T/10T or mixtures thereof.
- the polyamide molding compounds FM according to the present invention contain the components X and S or X, T and S or P or P and S or P, T and S or preferably consist exclusively of the components X and S or X, T and S or P or P and S or P, T and S, with the proviso that the components X, T, S or P, T, S add up to a total of 100% by weight.
- the specified ranges of the quantities for the individual components X, T, S or P, T, S are to be understood in such a way that an arbitrary quantity for each of the individual components can be selected within the specified ranges, provided that the strict requirement is met that the sum of all components X, T, S or P, T, S is 100% by weight.
- the phosphorus content of the polymer mixture P is preferably in the range from 0.8 to 6.0% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 1.2 to 4.5% by weight and particularly preferably in the range from 1.5 to 3.5% by weight.
- component T is contained in the polyamide molding composition FM at 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably at 20 to 55% by weight and particularly preferably at 25 to 50% by weight, with these amounts relate to the total of components X, T, S or the total of components P, T, S or the total weight of the polyamide molding composition FM.
- component T consists exclusively of reinforcing agents selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, aramid fibers, basalt fibers and mixtures thereof. According to a preferred embodiment of the polyamide molding compound according to the invention, component T is formed entirely from glass fibers.
- flat glass fibers i.e. glass fibers with a non-circular cross-sectional area
- These so-called flat glass fibers have an oval, elliptical, elliptical (so-called cocoon or cocoon fiber) provided with constriction(s), polygonal, rectangular or almost rectangular cross-sectional area.
- the length of the main cross-sectional axis is preferably in the range from 6 to 40 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 15 to 30 ⁇ m, and the length of the secondary cross-sectional axis in the range from 3 to 20 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 4 to 10 p.m.
- Glass fibers with a circular and non-circular cross-section can also be used to reinforce the molding compositions according to the invention, the proportion of flat glass fibers preferably predominating, i.e. making up more than 50% by weight of the total mass of the fibers.
- the glass fibers can be provided with a size suitable for thermoplastics, in particular for polyamide, containing an adhesion promoter based on an amino or epoxy silane compound.
- the glass fibers of component (T), as flat E-glass fibers, preferably have a density of 2.54 to 2.62 g/cm 3 , a tensile modulus of elasticity of 70 to 75 GPa, a tensile strength of 3000 to 3500 MPa and an elongation at break of 4.5 to 4.8% up,
- the mechanical properties were determined on individual fibers with a diameter of 10 pm and a length of 12.7 mm at 23 °C and a relative humidity of 50%.
- component T consists exclusively of a glass filler selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, ground glass fibers, glass particles, glass flakes, glass spheres, hollow glass spheres or combinations of the aforementioned. If glass spheres or glass particles are selected as component T, their mean diameter is from 0.3 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.7 to 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the glass type of component T is selected from the group consisting of E-glass, ECR-glass, S-glass, A-glass, AR-glass and R-glass, in particular E- and S-glass, as well as mixtures of these types of glass.
- component T is a high-strength glass fiber or so-called S-glass fiber.
- This is preferably based on the ternary system silica-alumina-magnesia or on the quaternary system silica-alumina-magnesia-calcia, with a composition of 58 to 70% by weight silica (SiO 2 ), 15 to 30% by weight alumina (AI2O3), 5 to 15% by weight magnesium oxide (MgO), 0 to 10% by weight calcium oxide (CaO) and 0 to 2% by weight other oxides such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), sodium oxide, potassium oxide or lithium oxide (Li 2 O) is preferred.
- the high-strength glass fiber has the following composition: 62 to 66% by weight silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), 22 to 27% by weight aluminum oxide (AI 2 O 3 ), 8 to 12% by weight magnesium oxide (MgO), 0 to 5% by weight calcium oxide (CaO), 0 to 1% by weight other oxides, such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxide ( Fe 2 O 3 ), sodium oxide, potassium oxide and lithium oxide (Li 2 O).
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- AL 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- MgO magnesium oxide
- CaO calcium oxide
- other oxides such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxide ( Fe 2 O 3 ), sodium oxide, potassium oxide and lithium oxide (Li 2 O).
- the high-strength glass fibers preferably have a tensile strength of at least 3700 MPa, preferably at least 3800 or 4000 MPa, and/or an elongation at break of at least 4.8%, preferably at least 4.9 or 5.0% and/or a tensile E Modulus of more than 75 GPa, preferably more than 78 or 80 GPa, these glass properties on single fibers (pristine single filaments) with a diameter of 10 pm and a length of 12.7 mm at a temperature of 23 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% are to be determined.
- the polyamide molding composition FM according to the invention contains 0 to 50% by weight of at least one additive as component S, which is different from component X, T and Y.
- the inventive polyamide molding composition FM contains 0.01 to 50% by weight or 0.01 to 30% by weight and particularly preferably 0.02 to 20% by weight of at least one additive as component S, these amounts being the total of components X, T, S or the sum of components P, T, S or the total weight of the polyamide molding compound FM.
- component S is selected from the group consisting of lubricants, heat stabilizers, processing stabilizers, processing aids, viscosity modifiers, antioxidants, agents against heat decomposition and decomposition by ultraviolet light, UV blockers, lubricants and mold release agents, colorants, in particular dyes, inorganic pigments , organic pigments, plasticizers, flame retardants, impact modifiers and mixtures thereof.
- the polyamide molding compositions FM can also contain flame retardants as additives, the flame retardant additives preferably being halogen-free.
- Preferred flame retardant additives are phosphinic acid salts and/or diphosphinic acid salts, which are preferably used together with a synergist, in particular a nitrogen-containing synergist and/or a nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing flame retardant, preferably melamine or condensation products of melamine, such as particularly preferably selected from the group: Meiern, melam, melon , reaction products of melamine with polyphosphoric acid, such as melamine polyphosphate, reaction products of condensation products of melamine with polyphosphoric acid, or mixtures thereof.
- the phosphinic acid salts particular preference is given to the aluminum, calcium or zinc salts of alkyl or dialkylphosphinic acids, in particular aluminum diethylphosphinate.
- the synergist is preferably selected as an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur-containing metal compound.
- Preferred metals are aluminum, calcium, magnesium, barium, sodium, potassium and zinc.
- Suitable compounds are selected from the group of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, borates, phosphates, stannates, alkoxides, carboxylates and combinations or mixtures of these compounds, such as oxide hydroxides or oxide hydroxide carbonates.
- Suitable phosphinic acids for preparing the phosphinic acid salts according to the invention are dimethylphosphinic acid, ethylmethylphosphinic acid, diethylphosphinic acid, methyl-n-propylphosphinic acid, methane-di(methylphosphinic acid), ethane-1,2-di(methylphosphinic acid), hexane-1,6-di( methylphosphinic acid), benzene-1,4-di(methylphosphinic acid), methylphenylphosphinic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid.
- the phosphinic acid salts can be produced, for example, by reacting the phosphinic acid salts in aqueous solution with metal carbonates, metal hydroxides or metal oxides, with essentially monomeric phosphinic acid salts being formed, but depending on the reaction conditions, polymeric phosphinic acid salts may also be formed.
- the content of these halogen-free flame retardant additives in component S is preferably at most 10% by weight, particularly preferably at most 5% by weight, based in each case on the entire molding compound FM, and the molding compound FM is particularly preferably free of flame retardant additives S.
- the polyamide molding composition FM contains at least one lubricant as component S, this preferably in a proportion of 0 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 1.5 % by weight and most preferably from 0.02 to 1.0% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of components X, T, S or P, T, S or the molding composition FM.
- Particularly preferred metal salts are Ca stearate and Ca montanate as well as Al stearate.
- the fatty acids can be monovalent or bivalent. Examples which may be mentioned are pelargonic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, margaric acid, dodecanedioic acid, behenic acid and the particularly preferred stearic acid, capric acid and montanic acid (mixture of fatty acids with 30 to 40 carbon atoms).
- aliphatic alcohols which can be 1- to 4-valent, are preferred as lubricants. These alcohols are preferably selected from the group consisting of n-butanol, n-octanol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol and mixtures thereof, with glycerol and pentaerythritol being preferred.
- aliphatic amines which can be mono- to tri-valent, are preferred lubricants.
- Preferred amines are selected from the group consisting of stearylamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, di(6-aminohexyl)amine and mixtures thereof, with ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine being particularly preferred.
- Preferred esters or amides of fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, ethylenediamine distearate, glycerol monopaimitate, glycerol trilaurate, glycerol monobehenate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, and mixtures thereof.
- white oils or silicone oils can also be used as an alternative or in addition.
- the polyamide molding composition FM contains at least one heat stabilizer as component S, this preferably in a proportion of 0 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably 0.02 to 2.0% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the Components X, T, S or P, T, S or the molding compound FM is included.
- the heat stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of:
- Compounds of monovalent or bivalent copper e.g. salts of monovalent or bivalent copper with inorganic or organic acids or monovalent or bivalent phenols, oxides of monovalent or bivalent copper, or complex compounds of copper salts with ammonia, amines, amides, Lactams, cyanides or phosphines, preferably Cu(I) or Cu(II) salts of hydrohalic acids, hydrocyanic acids or the copper salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids.
- the monovalent copper compounds CuCl, CuBr, CuI, CuCN and Cu 2 O, and the divalent copper compounds CuCl 2 , CuSO 4 , CuO, copper(II) acetate or copper(II) stearate are particularly preferred.
- the copper compounds are advantageously used in combination with other metal halides, in particular alkali metal halides such as NaI, KI, NaBr, KBr, or ammonium halides, the molar ratio of metal halide to copper halide being 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 and particularly preferably 3 to 7.
- Lanthanide compounds selected from the group consisting of acetates, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, oxyhalides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, chromates, perchlorates, oxalates, the monochalcogenides of sulfur, selenium and tellurium, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, trifluoromethanesulfonates , acetylacetonates, alcoholates, 2-ethylhexanoates of the lanthanides lanthanum, cerium, praeseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium and - hydrates of the salts mentioned and - mixtures of the said Links.
- Cerium or lanthanum compounds are particularly preferred, and the use of lanthanum(III) hydroxide is particularly preferred here. lanthanum(III) oxide hydroxide and cerium tetrahydroxide. Furthermore, it is preferred that the cation of the lanthanide compounds has an oxidation number of +III or +IV.
- the lanthanide compounds are preferably used in combination with alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides and/or the copper compounds mentioned above.
- Stabilizers based on secondary aromatic amines these stabilizers preferably being present in an amount of from 0.2 to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 1.5% by weight,
- Stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols these stabilizers preferably being present in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 1.0% by weight, and
- stabilizers based on secondary aromatic amines that can be used according to the invention are adducts of phenylenediamine with acetone (Naugard A), adducts of phenylenediamine with linolene, Naugard 445, N,N'-dinaphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N'- cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine or mixtures of two or more thereof.
- all compounds with a phenolic structure which have at least one bulky group on the phenolic ring are suitable as sterically hindered phenols.
- Preferred examples of stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols which can be used according to the invention are N,N'-hexamethylene-bis-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide, bis-(3,3-bis- (4'-Hydroxy-3'-tert-butylphenyl)butanoic acid) glycol ester, 2,1'-Thioethylbis-(3-(3,5-di.tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 4 -4'-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), triethylene glycol 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-propionate or
- Preferred phosphites and phosphonites are triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphite, phenyldialkyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearylphentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphit
- a preferred embodiment of the heat stabilizer consists of the combination of organic heat stabilizers (especially Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010), a bisphenol A based epoxy (especially Epikote 1001) and a copper stabilization based on Cul and Kl.
- organic heat stabilizers especially Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010
- a bisphenol A based epoxy especially Epikote 1001
- a copper stabilization based on Cul and Kl is, for example, Irgatec NC66 or Recylobyk 4371. Heat stabilization based exclusively on Cul and Kl is particularly preferred.
- oxidation retardants and heat stabilizers are phosphites and other amines (e.g. TAD), hydroquinones, various substituted representatives of these groups and mixtures thereof in concentrations of up to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of components X, T, S or P , T, S or the molding compound FM.
- TAD phosphites and other amines
- hydroquinones various substituted representatives of these groups and mixtures thereof in concentrations of up to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of components X, T, S or P , T, S or the molding compound FM.
- UV stabilizers which are generally used in amounts of up to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the polyamide molding composition FM.
- Inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, ultramarine blue, iron oxide and carbon black and/or graphite, organic pigments such as phthalocyanines, quinacridones, perylenes and dyes such as nigrosine and anthraquinones can also be added as colorants.
- the impact modifiers of component S are functionalized by copolymerization and/or by grafting.
- a compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives and mixtures thereof and/or unsaturated glycidyl compounds is particularly preferably used for this purpose.
- This is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters, in particular acrylic acid esters and/or methacrylic acid esters, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides, in particular maleic anhydride, glycidylacrylic acid, glycidylmethacrylic acid, a-ethylacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, aconitic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, butenylsuccinic acid and mixtures thereof.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid esters in particular acrylic acid esters and/or methacrylic acid esters
- unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides in particular maleic anhydride, glycidylacrylic acid, glycidylmethacrylic acid, a-ethylacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, aconitic acid, tetrahydr
- the proportion by weight of each individual compound used for the functionalization is preferred in the range from 3 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably from 4 to 20% by weight and particularly preferably from 4.5 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the functionalized impact modifiers S.
- the proportion by weight of each individual compound used for functionalization is preferably in the range from 0.3 to 2.5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.4 to 2.0% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.5 to 1.9% by weight. %, in each case based on the total weight of the functionalized impact modifiers S.
- Preferred impact modifiers are polyolefins or polyolefin copolymers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers, propylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers and mixtures thereof, the ⁇ -olefins preferably having 3 to 18 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the ⁇ -olefins selected from the group consisting of propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and mixtures thereof.
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-1-butene copolymer or ethylene-propylene-1-butene copolymer is preferred.
- the styrene copolymers are preferably styrene copolymers with a comonomer selected from the group consisting of butadiene, isoprene, acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- the styrene block copolymers are preferably selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers (SIS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS), styrene ethylene/propylene styrene triblock copolymer (SEPS) and mixtures thereof.
- SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers
- SIS styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers
- the styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymers are linear triblock copolymers composed of an ethylene/butylene block and two styrene blocks.
- the styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene triblock copolymers are linear triblock copolymers composed of an ethylene/propylene block and two styrene blocks.
- the proportion of styrene in the styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymers or styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene triblock copolymers is preferably from 20 to 45% by weight, more preferably from 25 to 40% by weight and most preferably from 25 up to 35% by weight.
- the ionic ethylene copolymers preferably consist of the monomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butylene, acrylic acid, acrylate, methacrylic acid, methacrylate and mixtures thereof, the acid groups being partially neutralized with metal ions, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers being particularly preferred or ethylene Methacrylic acid-acrylate copolymers in which the acid groups are partially neutralized with metal ions.
- the metal ions used for neutralization are preferably sodium, zinc, potassium, lithium, magnesium ions and mixtures thereof, sodium, zinc and magnesium ions being particularly preferred.
- the present invention includes moldings produced from the polyamides X according to the invention or the polyamide molding compound FM or having at least one region or a coating of a polyamide X or of a polyamide molding compound FM, preferably produced by injection molding, injection blow molding, injection compression molding, pultrusion, melt spinning, extrusion or blow molding.
- These shaped bodies are preferably selected from the group consisting of fibers, foils, profiles, pipes, containers, semi-finished products, finished parts or hollow bodies, housings, housing parts, frames, protective housings, covers or cladding elements, in particular for electrical devices, electronic devices, electro-optical devices, electro-optical components, Connectors, fans, in particular fan wheels, office automation devices, consumer electronics, components for the automotive sector, in particular selected from cylinder head covers, engine covers, housings for charge air coolers, charge air cooler flaps, intake pipes, intake manifolds, connectors, gear wheels, fan wheels, charge air coolers, headlight housings, reflectors, cornering light adjustment, gear wheels, plug connections , Connectors, including those for petrol, diesel, urea and compressed air lines, components for electric vehicles, profiles, foils or layers of multi-layer foils, electronic components, housings for Electronic components, tools, nozzles and fittings for connecting hoses or pipes, electrical or electronic components, a printed circuit board, a part of a printed circuit board,
- the invention also includes the use of a polyamide X according to one of claims 1 to 8, or a polyamide molding composition FM according to one of claims 10 to 12, for the production of the moldings described above, in particular in the form of fibers, films, profiles, Pipes, containers, semi-finished products, finished parts or hollow bodies and for coating molded bodies.
- a polyamide X according to one of claims 1 to 8
- a polyamide molding composition FM according to one of claims 10 to 12
- the melting point and enthalpy of fusion were determined on the granules according to ISO 11357-3 (2013).
- the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) measurements were carried out with a heating rate of 20 K/min.
- the glass transition temperature Tg was determined according to ISO 11357-2 (2013) on granules by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). After the second heating, the sample was quenched in dry ice. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined on the third heating, which was carried out at a heating rate of 20 K/min. The midpoint of the glass transition range, which was given as the glass transition temperature, was determined using the "Half Height" method.
- Amino (NH 2 ) and acid (COOH) end group concentrations are determined by potentiometric titration.
- 0.2 to 1.0 g of polyamide are dissolved in a mixture of 50 ml of m-cresol and 25 ml of isopropanol at 50 to 90° C. and, after adding aminocaproic acid, titrated with a 0.05 molar perchloric acid solution.
- 0.2 to 1.0 g of the sample to be determined is dissolved in benzyl alcohol or a mixture of o-cresol and benzyl alcohol at 100 °C and, after adding benzoic acid, with a 0.1 molar tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide solution titrated.
- the number and weight average molar masses of polyamides were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with universal poly(methyl methacrylate) calibration.
- GPC analyzes were carried out by dissolving 2 - 4 mg of polyamide granules in 1 ml of hexa- fluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and the solution was run through an Agilent 1260 Infinity II high-temperature GPC system equipped with a triple detector (refractive index detector, viscometer, and light scattering detector).
- the measurements were carried out using a PL HFIP gel (9 ⁇ m particle size) two-column system under the following measurement conditions: column temperature 40° C., HFIP with 20 mmol sodium trifluoroacetate as solvent, flow rate 1 ml/min, injection volume 100 ⁇ l.
- test specimens Production of the test specimens and UL 94 test (flame retardant classification)
- the flammability was tested by vertical burning tests according to UL-94 VB according to IEC 60695-11-10 on specimens measuring 127 x 12.7 x 0.5 mm.
- the specimens were produced using the compression molding process (Lindenberg hot press, 320 - 330 °C). Before the combustion tests, the test specimens were conditioned for 48 hours in a standard climate at 23 °C and a relative humidity of 50%.
- the polyamides PA-1-NK, PA-2-NK, PA-3-NK and PA-4-NK were polycondensed in two stages.
- the low-molecular precondensates (VK) were prepared from diamine and dicarboxylic acids in the presence of water, which were then converted into the high-molecular polyamides (NC) by solid-phase and melt post-condensation, either alone or mixed with another precondensate.
- a 200 ml autoclave was filled with the diamines (component A) and dicarboxylic acids (components B, C, E) together with 15 percent by weight of water, based on the total batch, with the individual amounts being selected in accordance with the composition given in Table 1 such that the total batch yielded approx. 100 g.
- the batch was heated to a temperature of 260° C. and then held at this temperature for 2.5 hours during the printing phase.
- the low molecular weight polycondensate formed was then discharged from the autoclave via an opening with steam.
- the pre-condensate was dried for 24 hours at 110° C. and a vacuum of 30 mbar before it was subjected to post-condensation.
- PA-1-NK, PA-2-NK and PA-3-NK the respective pre-condensate was used alone (PA-1-VK, PA-2-VK, PA-3-VK) and in the example PA-4 -NK was a blend of two poly- amide precondensates (PA-4-VK and PA-5-VK in a weight ratio of 1:1) are post-condensed in two stages as described below.
- the pre-condensates were post-condensed in a Binder VDL53 vacuum oven at 200 °C and 30 mbar in the solid phase for a period of 24 to 120 hours before they were then mixed in a second stage in a microcompounder (Xplore MC 15HT) at 300 to 300 mbar 330 °C were further polycondensed.
- the microextruder is equipped with two valves and a heated channel that allows material to be recycled into the top of the microextruder. Despite the short length of the screw, residence times of several minutes can be achieved thanks to this closed-loop operation.
- the average residence time in the examples was 5 minutes, the screw speed was 50 rpm, the screw torque was 40 Nm, the temperature of the barrel was 330°C, the temperature of the extruded melt was 322°C.
- the polyamides were emptied into a metal pan and cooled to ambient temperature under an air atmosphere. The polymer sample was then granulated (Hellweg M50/80) and the granules dried for 24 hours at 110° C. under reduced pressure (30 mbar).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2024002301A MX2024002301A (es) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | Poliamidas ignifugas parcialmente aromaticas. |
JP2024536352A JP2024532603A (ja) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | 耐炎性の部分芳香族ポリアミド |
CN202280071669.2A CN118159586A (zh) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | 阻燃的部分芳香族的聚酰胺 |
EP22768722.5A EP4392477A1 (de) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische polyamide |
CA3229749A CA3229749A1 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | Flame-proof, partially aromatic polyamides |
KR1020247010127A KR20240050404A (ko) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | 난연성 부분 방향족 폴리아미드 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH70213/21A CH718926A1 (de) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische Polyamide. |
CHCH070213/2021 | 2021-08-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023025741A1 true WO2023025741A1 (de) | 2023-03-02 |
Family
ID=83280471
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2022/073369 WO2023025741A1 (de) | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-23 | Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische polyamide |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4392477A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024532603A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20240050404A (de) |
CN (1) | CN118159586A (de) |
CA (1) | CA3229749A1 (de) |
CH (1) | CH718926A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2024002301A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023025741A1 (de) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB951504A (en) * | 1961-08-07 | 1964-03-04 | American Cyanamid Co | Water-soluble linear polyamides and compositions containing the same |
US4032517A (en) | 1975-07-22 | 1977-06-28 | Monsanto Company | Phosphorus-containing copolyamides and fibers thereof |
JPH11286545A (ja) | 1998-04-01 | 1999-10-19 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | 耐熱性含リンポリアミド共重合体 |
EP1613698A1 (de) | 2003-04-11 | 2006-01-11 | EMS-Chemie AG | Flammgeschützte polyamidformmassen |
TW200930724A (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Nat Univ Chung Hsing | Manufacture of phosphorus-containing diamines and their derivatives |
CN101735455A (zh) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-06-16 | 无锡华东创新材料研究院 | 一种专用的芳香族聚噁二唑及其阻燃耐高温聚噁二唑纤维的制备方法 |
CN106589353A (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 | 阻燃耐高温尼龙共聚物及其制备方法 |
WO2018071790A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Rhodia Operations | Phosphorus based co-monomer for polyamides |
-
2021
- 2021-08-27 CH CH70213/21A patent/CH718926A1/de unknown
-
2022
- 2022-08-23 WO PCT/EP2022/073369 patent/WO2023025741A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-08-23 KR KR1020247010127A patent/KR20240050404A/ko unknown
- 2022-08-23 MX MX2024002301A patent/MX2024002301A/es unknown
- 2022-08-23 CN CN202280071669.2A patent/CN118159586A/zh active Pending
- 2022-08-23 EP EP22768722.5A patent/EP4392477A1/de active Pending
- 2022-08-23 JP JP2024536352A patent/JP2024532603A/ja active Pending
- 2022-08-23 CA CA3229749A patent/CA3229749A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB951504A (en) * | 1961-08-07 | 1964-03-04 | American Cyanamid Co | Water-soluble linear polyamides and compositions containing the same |
US4032517A (en) | 1975-07-22 | 1977-06-28 | Monsanto Company | Phosphorus-containing copolyamides and fibers thereof |
JPH11286545A (ja) | 1998-04-01 | 1999-10-19 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | 耐熱性含リンポリアミド共重合体 |
EP1613698A1 (de) | 2003-04-11 | 2006-01-11 | EMS-Chemie AG | Flammgeschützte polyamidformmassen |
TW200930724A (en) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-07-16 | Nat Univ Chung Hsing | Manufacture of phosphorus-containing diamines and their derivatives |
CN101735455A (zh) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-06-16 | 无锡华东创新材料研究院 | 一种专用的芳香族聚噁二唑及其阻燃耐高温聚噁二唑纤维的制备方法 |
CN106589353A (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 上海杰事杰新材料(集团)股份有限公司 | 阻燃耐高温尼龙共聚物及其制备方法 |
WO2018071790A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Rhodia Operations | Phosphorus based co-monomer for polyamides |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CAS, no. 65962-45-0 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH718926A1 (de) | 2023-02-28 |
CA3229749A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
MX2024002301A (es) | 2024-05-20 |
JP2024532603A (ja) | 2024-09-05 |
EP4392477A1 (de) | 2024-07-03 |
KR20240050404A (ko) | 2024-04-18 |
CN118159586A (zh) | 2024-06-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6267702B2 (ja) | ポリアミド樹脂組成物およびそれからなる成形品 | |
EP2410020B1 (de) | Teilaromatische Polyamid-Formmassen und deren Verwendungen | |
JP6226704B2 (ja) | ポリアミド樹脂組成物 | |
EP3327062B1 (de) | Teilaromatische copolyamide mit hoher glasübergangstemperatur und hohem kristallinitätsgrad | |
JP2013064032A (ja) | ポリアミド樹脂組成物およびそれを成形してなる成形体 | |
DE102019214712A1 (de) | Polyamidzusammensetzung, verfahren zu deren herstellung und formgegenstand | |
WO2014198756A1 (de) | Teilaromatische copolyamide auf basis von terephthalsäure und aliphatischen diaminen | |
WO2023025741A1 (de) | Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische polyamide | |
CH718923A2 (de) | Flammgeschützte, teilaromatische Polyamide. | |
JP7310080B2 (ja) | 樹脂組成物および成形品 | |
WO2021224350A1 (en) | Polymer compositions having improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures and corresponding articles | |
CH718925B1 (de) | Flammgeschützte Polyamide mit hoher Lichttransmission. | |
TWI820190B (zh) | 聚醯胺組成物及由該聚醯胺組成物所構成之成形品 | |
JP2001019845A5 (de) | ||
JP2001019845A (ja) | ポリアミド樹脂組成物およびその成形体 | |
CH716503B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamiden. | |
CH716381B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyamiden. | |
CN112601788A (zh) | 聚酰胺组合物和由该聚酰胺组合物形成的成型品 | |
WO2024041953A1 (en) | Flame retardant polyamide composition and article produced from the composition | |
CH716378B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von amorphen teilaromatischen Polyamiden. | |
JP2023028935A (ja) | ポリアミド組成物及び成形品 | |
CN118530587A (zh) | 一种耐高温高湿尼龙组合物及其制备方法与应用 | |
JP2013056969A (ja) | ポリアミド樹脂組成物およびそれを成形してなる成形体 | |
EP2813530A1 (de) | Teilaromatische Copolyamide auf Basis von Terephthalsäure und Hexamethylendiamin |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22768722 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 3229749 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2024536352 Country of ref document: JP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20247010127 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022768722 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022768722 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240327 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280071669.2 Country of ref document: CN |