WO2023021210A1 - Schaumglasverbundelemente und ihre anwendung - Google Patents
Schaumglasverbundelemente und ihre anwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023021210A1 WO2023021210A1 PCT/EP2022/073258 EP2022073258W WO2023021210A1 WO 2023021210 A1 WO2023021210 A1 WO 2023021210A1 EP 2022073258 W EP2022073258 W EP 2022073258W WO 2023021210 A1 WO2023021210 A1 WO 2023021210A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- foam glass
- composite element
- glass composite
- elements
- bodies
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 666
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 351
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a foam glass composite element and in particular a foam glass panel composite element with at least one, preferably several foam glass bodies or foam glass panels, as well as structures made therefrom and methods for production and use.
- Foam glass panels are already known from the prior art and are mainly used as thermal insulation material. Due to the structure of the foam glass from a large number of pores, which are surrounded by a glass matrix, foam glass has excellent properties, in particular thermal insulation properties. Relative to its weight, foam glass has a high compressive strength, is chemically resistant, can be designed to be watertight or vapor-tight with closed porosity, is non-flammable and pest-proof, has low thermal conductivity and is extremely durable. In the meantime, foam glass panels can also be produced ecologically, sustainably and economically from 100% recycled glass. Panel sizes of 3 m x 1.5 m can already be produced on an industrial scale.
- foam glass has a relatively low tensile strength.
- foam glass is relatively brittle. As a result, the areas of use and application are restricted.
- cellular glass plates ie cellular glass bodies with a defined shape and dimensions that allow a defined arrangement of individual cellular glass bodies
- foam glass is also frequently used as foam glass gravel with a large number of foam glass grains of undefined shape, which is easier to produce for the corresponding reasons and can also be used as a thermal insulation material.
- a foam glass composite element and in particular a foam glass panel composite element is proposed with at least one, preferably several foam glass bodies and at least one reinforcing element, wherein the at least one reinforcing element is arranged so that the at least one Reinforcing element on the one or more foam glass body applies a compressive stress at least along one direction.
- the application of compressive stresses counteracts possible tensile stresses, which could lead to failure of the foam glass body or bodies, and in the case of several foam glass bodies that are pressed against one another in a foam glass composite element by the reinforcing element, a correspondingly high frictional force occurs at the interfaces of the foam glass bodies a, so that the foam glass composite element has a high overall strength and rigidity.
- the foam glass composite element can be used under tensile loads and, in particular, also under bending loads.
- the composite foam glass element can replace conventional building materials such as concrete or wood because of its improved mechanical properties compared to simple foam glass panels.
- the foam glass composite element according to the invention is very advantageous in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions compared to conventional building materials , because the glass material is not completely melted during production, but only heated to approx. 800 °C if additives are present.
- Foam glass is also an excellent insulating material and it is also non-flammable and can be protected from weathering by a cladding. It is also significantly lighter than conventional building materials and can therefore be transported and installed with less energy.
- reinforcement elements/tension elements which run through the foam glass body forming a foam glass composite element, are better protected against thermal material fatigue in the event of a fire.
- the invention offers a forward-looking building material for numerous applications, because with the foam glass composite element according to the invention, the low energy consumption, the low CO2 production, the thermal insulation, fire resistance and reusability of foam glass with the mechanical stability required for the construction of buildings (compression -, tension - and flexural strength) can be combined.
- Foam glass bodies that are accommodated in the foam glass composite element according to the invention can be understood to mean bodies that are formed in one piece from foam glass and/or have a homogeneous structure, with a large number of enclosed pores being surrounded by a glass matrix. This can be open or closed pores, with closed pores no fluid can penetrate from the outside into the pores, such as water.
- the foam glass bodies of a foam glass composite element can be designed with varying properties of the foam glass bodies.
- the density of the foam glass bodies can vary, so that foam glass bodies with a higher density are used in certain areas of the foam glass composite element, while foam glass bodies with a lower density can be used in other areas.
- the moduli of elasticity of the foam glass bodies can also be different and adapted to the intended use.
- different foam glass bodies can also be used in a foam glass composite element, which differ in other properties, for example with regard to an open or closed porosity. Thus, only the same foam glass body or foam glass body with different properties can be used in a foam glass composite element.
- the foam glass bodies of a foam glass composite element can all be identical in shape and/or size, but different foam glass bodies that differ from one another in shape and/or size can also be accommodated in a foam glass composite element.
- the foam glass body can have a defined shape and dimensions that make it possible for the corresponding foam glass bodies to be arranged in a defined manner in the foam glass composite element.
- the dimensions can be selected in such a way that foam glass composite elements can be formed which are suitable for the design and constructive use for the production of buildings or parts of buildings and in particular of buildings or parts of buildings.
- the minimum dimensions of a foam glass body or a foam glass composite element can be in the range of 1 cm, 5 cm or 10 cm and more, while the maximum dimensions of a foam glass body or foam glass composite element are in the range of a few 10 cm, for example 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, 10 m or more.
- the minimum dimension or minimum dimension of a cellular glass body or a cellular glass composite element represents the dimension of the cellular glass body or the cellular glass composite element that has the smallest extension and can be present, for example, in the thickness or width direction, while the maximum dimension of a cellular glass body or cellular glass composite element is the dimension of the cellular glass body or of the Is foam glass composite element, which has the greatest extent and can accordingly define the longitudinal direction.
- the foam glass body can be of any shape, but it has a defined and predetermined shape.
- the foam glass body of a foam glass composite element according to the invention can have the shape of a cuboid, a cuboid body, a cuboid body, a cube, a prism, a pyramid, a parallelepiped, a tetrahedron, a polyhedron, a cylinder, a hollow cylinder, a body of revolution, a circular body, a disc-shaped body and / or have a ring-shaped body or the like.
- the foam glass body can have at least one flat surface and/or at least two surfaces aligned parallel to one another and/or any three-dimensionally shaped surfaces, of which the abutting surfaces (contact surfaces) of adjacent foam glass bodies are designed to be complementary to one another, so that they abut one another over a large area, so as to stack or generally to be able to form composites of foam glass bodies for the production of a foam glass composite element.
- opposite surfaces of a foam glass body can be designed to be complementary to one another, or the contact surface of a foam glass body can be adapted to the contact surface of another, differently designed foam glass body.
- Other foam glass bodies can then be arranged accordingly on the at least one contact surface.
- the foam glass bodies can Rows and/or columns can be arranged one above the other and/or one behind the other and/or next to one another in order to form different shapes of foam glass composite elements.
- the surfaces of the foam glass body can preferably be designed as contact surfaces, which represent the largest surfaces, in order to maximize the mutual frictional force of the foam glass bodies lying against one another.
- a foam glass body can have a first contact surface on one side and a second contact surface on the opposite side, which is designed to complement the first contact surface, so that several of these foam glass bodies can be arranged in a composite or stack.
- the contact surfaces can have projections and/or depressions. If the contact surface is defined by a plane spanned in a Cartesian coordinate system in the x and y directions, the projections and/or depressions extend in the z direction perpendicular to the xy plane. In addition to any arrangement of projections and/or depressions, the projections and/or depressions can be repeated periodically in one or both directions of the xy plane, i.e. in the x or y direction, so that the contact surfaces have a wavy or sawtooth or nub-like surface shape can have.
- the cellular glass bodies in a cellular glass composite element can be stacked on top of one another and/or one behind the other and/or next to one another and/or arranged in the manner of a masonry bond, without binders being arranged between the cellular glass bodies, such as are given, for example, with mortar in masonry bonds.
- the foam glass bodies in the foam glass composite element can at least partially have no material connection, but preferably no material connection at all with one another, so that a corresponding foam glass composite element can also be recycled again in a simple manner, since the foam glass body and reinforcing elements and their components can easily be separated from one another again.
- the type of arrangement of the foam glass bodies in a foam glass composite element can take place in different ways.
- known species be formed by masonry bonds, such as a supporting bond, a stretcher bond, a truss bond, a block bond, a cross bond or the like.
- simple stacks are possible, in which the foam glass bodies are provided in a single-layer or multi-layer stack of individual foam glass bodies arranged one above the other or in rows.
- the foam glass bodies can be arranged in a stack from row to row aligned one above the other and/or offset to one another.
- the foam glass bodies can at least partially directly and/or directly abut one another in the foam glass composite element, or at least some separating elements, for example in the form of sheets or foils, can be provided at least partially between adjacent foam glass bodies.
- the sheets or foils can be formed from paper, cardboard, rubber or plastic, for example polyisobutylene, textiles such as woven, knitted or crocheted fabrics, netting, stitched fabrics, non-woven fabrics and felts or other suitable materials.
- the separating elements can be designed in such a way that they are elastically or plastically deformable so that they can penetrate the rough surface of the foam glass body and, on the one hand, prevent adjacent foam glass bodies from damaging one another and, on the other hand, cause the frictional force between the foam glass bodies to be increased to strengthen the cohesion of the foam glass body in the foam glass composite element and thus the strength of the foam glass composite element.
- the additional stabilization that can result from the separating elements can be reinforced by the surface structure of the foam glass body.
- the foam glass bodies can be cut and preferably ground to obtain a flat surface.
- micro-cavities pores
- the penetration of these microscopic, protruding edges into a separating element arranged on the surface (or between two foam glass bodies) can cause a Velcro-like static friction between the separating element and the respective foam glass body, which contributes to the stabilization of wall elements formed from foam glass bodies stacked on top of one another transversely acting forces (arrow in FIG. 1 ) without the additional use of an adhesive or mortar, so that such wall elements can also be completely dismantled and the foam glass bodies can be used again accordingly.
- the foam glass composite element is not only advantageous for energy reasons, but also a sustainable building material.
- concrete slabs require reinforcement in order to be sufficiently resistant to shear forces.
- a significant part of the reinforcement is due to the high dead weight of the concrete.
- the foam glass composite element according to the invention has a very low dead weight or specific weight, so that for this reason alone the number and dimensions of the reinforcing elements in the foam glass composite element can be selected with a low proportion of volume and weight, although the frictional force between the foam glass bodies forming the foam glass composite element and the separating elements can cause additional resistance to transverse forces due to the high static friction and consequently the proportion of reinforcing elements can be even lower.
- the at least one reinforcement element which together with one or more foam glass bodies forms the foam glass composite element, can also be designed in a wide variety of shapes and in particular can be shaped in such a way that it absorbs tensile forces in one or more directions or exerts compressive forces on the glass body arranged with the reinforcement element can.
- the at least one reinforcement element of a foam glass composite element according to the invention can be used as a band, cable, strand, fiber, wire, strip, belt, rod, rod, profile rod, threaded rod, tube, cylinder, beam, profile beam, T - beam, double - T - beam, Plate, plate with at least partially bent edges, U - profile, frame element, two - or three-dimensional frame element, in particular rectangular or cuboid frame element, bracket, two - or three-dimensional grid, screw, clamping element, clamping element, spring, plastically deformable holding elements or the like .
- the reinforcement element can be designed as a single component or be composed of several components, wherein the components can be formed in particular by the elements listed above.
- the components of a Reinforcement element or several reinforcement elements can be combined and connected to one another in any suitable way, positive, non-positive and/or material connections being possible.
- screw connections, clamp connections, welded or adhesive connections can be realized between the reinforcement elements and/or the components of the reinforcement element or elements.
- the reinforcement elements can be formed from any suitable material and in particular from metallic materials such as steel, in particular high-grade steel, stainless steel or other customary metallic alloys.
- metallic materials such as steel, in particular high-grade steel, stainless steel or other customary metallic alloys.
- carbon materials or plastics such as nylon or polyester can be used for the reinforcement elements, or fiber materials such as carbon fibers or carbon fiber-reinforced plastics.
- Natural materials such as hemp fibers or the like and other natural materials such as basalt, stone slabs or the like are also conceivable.
- glass, ceramics or ceramic composite materials can also be used, for example to form plate elements or the like.
- the at least one reinforcement element can be elastically deformable in order to be able to apply the compressive stresses to the at least one foam glass body of the foam glass composite element. If several reinforcing elements or and/or reinforcing elements with several components are used, at least one reinforcing element or at least one component, preferably several reinforcing elements or several components, can be elastically deformable. Accordingly, the at least one reinforcement element or a component thereof can be under tensile stress in the foam glass composite element.
- the at least one reinforcement element can be arranged in the foam glass composite element in such a way that it runs at least partially through the at least one foam glass body. If several foam glass bodies are joined together to form a foam glass composite element, the at least one reinforcement element and in particular several reinforcement elements can also run at least partially through the foam glass bodies, which can have corresponding passages or openings for this purpose. That or the reinforcing elements can also be almost completely through run the or the foam glass body, for example, only small sections protruding from the corresponding foam glass body to be connected to other reinforcing elements such as plates. In addition, the at least one reinforcement element can also be arranged along the surface of the at least one foam glass body.
- reinforcing elements of a foam glass composite element can interact so that, for example, plates, strips or frame elements arranged on the surface of the foam glass body or of the foam glass composite element are connected to one another with cables, rods, rods, strips, wires or the like running through the foam glass body and the foam glass body arranged in between through which the reinforcing elements run, to press against each other.
- corresponding receiving areas such as indentations or the like, can also be provided on the surface of the foam glass body or bodies.
- a band provided as reinforcement elements on the surface can run in a corresponding groove, so that a smooth or even surface of the foam glass composite element can form.
- the at least one reinforcement element can in particular run in a ring shape around the foam glass body of the foam glass composite element, wherein the ring-shaped reinforcement element can press the foam glass body together from all sides.
- the foam glass composite elements can be designed in a wide variety of shapes, wherein in particular cuboid or cuboid designs can be provided.
- such foam glass composite elements have a width, a length and a height, the main surfaces of such a cuboid or cuboid foam glass composite element are spanned by the directions that have the largest dimensions, so for example by the height and length or width and length.
- the other faces form corresponding end faces.
- the reinforcement elements can preferably be arranged in such a way that the foam glass bodies are pressed against one another at least in the direction of the greatest extension or greatest dimensions of the foam glass composite element, i.e.
- the reinforcement elements in the form of rods, rods, Wires, ropes or tapes run in the longitudinal direction and the reinforcing elements in the form of plates or tapes, with which the compressive stresses are transferred to the foam glass body, are arranged accordingly on the end faces.
- the foam glass composite element can at least partially have a coating and/or a cover on its surface in order to be able to adapt the surface to different areas of use.
- the foam glass composite element or the foam glass bodies present on the surface of the foam glass composite element can have a structured surface, a variety of structures being conceivable.
- convex and/or concave curvatures and/or blind holes and/or steps and/or undercuts and/or sawtooth steps and the like can be provided on the surface of the foam glass composite element.
- a corresponding foam glass composite element can be used in a variety of applications, for example as a wall and/or ceiling and/or floor element of a structure or building, as a floating body, as a cladding element, as a tunnel lining element or as a soundproofing element. Other possible uses are conceivable.
- a building is understood to mean any structure that can also be movable.
- a building which comprises at least one, preferably several foam glass composite elements, in particular of the type described above.
- the building can comprise at least one, preferably several, connecting elements with which the foam glass composite elements are connected.
- the connecting elements can be constructed similarly to the reinforcing elements that connect the foam glass bodies to one another within the foam glass composite element.
- other connecting elements including materially bonded connections are also conceivable.
- the foam glass composite elements can be connected to one another in any suitable manner by means of a non-positive and/or positive and/or material connection.
- the connecting elements can be bands, ropes, wires, strips, rods, profile rods, threaded rods, plates, plates with at least partially bent edges, U - profiles, frame elements, two - or three-dimensional, in particular rectangular or cuboid frame elements, brackets, two - and three-dimensional Grids, screws, tensioning elements, clamping elements, plastically deformable holding elements and the like include.
- the connecting elements can be composed of several components, whereby the components can be formed by components that can also be used as individual connecting elements, as has already been described for the reinforcement elements.
- the connecting elements can also be elastically deformable and, in particular in the building, are at least partially under tensile stress, so that the foam glass composite elements are in turn connected to one another under compressive stress.
- a variety of structures or buildings can be formed with the foam glass composite elements of the present invention, such as walls, floors and/or ceilings of buildings, noise barriers, pontoons, floating houses, tunnel linings and the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of a third embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a side view of a fourth embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a partially broken representation of a fifth embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a first embodiment of a structure according to the invention in the form of a noise protection wall with a large number of foam glass composite elements from FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 shows a sixth embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention similar to the illustration in FIG. 6,
- FIG. 9 shows a detailed view of a part of the foam glass composite element from FIG. 8,
- FIG. 10 shows a second embodiment of a noise protection wall with a large number of foam glass composite elements from FIG. 8,
- FIG. 11 shows a seventh embodiment of a foam glass composite element according to the invention similar to the versions of FIGS. 6 and 8,
- FIG. 12 shows a third embodiment of a noise protection wall with a large number of foam glass composite elements from FIG. 11,
- FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a part of another foam glass composite element according to the invention.
- FIG. 14 shows a detailed illustration of the foam glass composite element from FIG. 13,
- FIG. 15 shows a further perspective partial illustration of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 16 shows a further perspective partial illustration of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 17 shows a further perspective representation of a foam glass composite element according to the invention.
- FIG. 18 shows a further perspective representation of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 19 shows a further perspective illustration of a foam glass composite element according to the invention.
- FIG. 20 shows a further perspective illustration of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 21 shows a further perspective, partially broken representation of a foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 22 shows a perspective, partially broken representation of a further foam glass composite element according to the invention, in which some foam glass bodies are not shown for clarity,
- FIG. 23 shows a perspective detail view of a part of the foam glass composite element from FIG. 22,
- Figure 24 is a perspective, partially broken representation of another foam glass composite element according to the invention, in which some foam glass bodies are not shown for clarity,
- FIG. 25 shows a further perspective illustration of a foam glass composite element according to the invention, in which some foam glass bodies are not shown for the sake of clarity,
- FIG. 26 shows another perspective view of a foam glass composite element according to the invention, in which some foam glass bodies are not shown for clarity,
- FIG. 27 shows a representation of the foam glass composite element from FIG. 26 from a different perspective
- FIG. 28 shows a partial perspective detail view of the foam glass composite element according to the invention from FIGS. 26 and 27,
- FIG. 29 shows a partial, perspective detail view of the foam glass composite element according to the invention from FIG. 28 from a different perspective
- Figure 30 is a perspective view of a reinforcement element in the form of a band with a tensioning element
- FIG. 31 shows a partial, perspective representation of a foam glass composite element according to the invention with reinforcement elements according to the embodiment from FIG. 30,
- FIG. 32 shows a representation of a further reinforcement element in the form of an elastically braced band with clamping elements for fixing the band
- FIG. 33 shows a representation of a further foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 34 shows a part of a tunnel lining made of foam glass composite elements according to the invention
- FIG. 35 shows a perspective representation of a foam glass composite element which is used as part of the tunnel lining in FIG. 34,
- FIG. 36 shows a perspective partial illustration of the foam glass composite element from FIG. 36
- FIGS. 36 and 37 shows a representation of the arrangement of the foam glass composite elements from FIGS. 36 and 37 as a tunnel lining
- FIG. 38 shows a further perspective illustration of a foam glass composite element which can be used as part of a tunnel lining according to FIGS. 34 and 38,
- FIG. 39 shows a perspective detailed view of the arrangement of foam glass composite elements from FIGS. 36, 37 and 39 in a tunnel
- FIG. 40 a further embodiment of a tunnel lining with foam glass composite elements according to the invention.
- FIG. 41 another embodiment of a tunnel lining with further foam glass composite elements according to the invention.
- FIG. 42 shows a representation of a foam glass composite element of the tunnel lining from FIG. 42
- Figure 43 is an illustration of a building made from foam glass composite elements according to the invention.
- FIG. 44 shows a representation of a high-rise building in which the facade is produced with the foam glass composite element according to the invention
- FIG. 45 shows a representation of a composite of two different foam glass bodies with mutually complementary contact surfaces
- FIG. 46 shows a further illustration of a composite of two different foam glass bodies with contact surfaces designed to complement one another
- Figure 47 is another representation of a composite of two different foam glass bodies with contact surfaces designed to complement each other and in
- FIG. 48 shows a representation of a building on a pontoon, both the building or parts thereof and the pontoon being made from foam glass composite elements according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a foam glass composite element 1 according to the invention, which can be used, for example, as a ceiling or roof element of a building or in some other form as a beam or support.
- the foam glass composite element 1 is mounted at both ends on two supports 8 and the arrow shown in Figure 1 makes it clear that the foam glass composite element 1 is subject to bending stress due to a load applied in the middle between the two supports 8 due to the structure of the foam glass composite element according to the invention can resist.
- the foam glass composite element 1 is constructed from a large number of cuboid foam glass bodies 2, which are arranged adjacent to one another, with separating elements 7 being provided between the individual foam glass bodies 2, which can be formed from a compressible, in particular elastically compressible material, such as a rubber material or rubber-like plastic .
- the foam glass bodies 2 are connected to one another via threaded rods 3 which are pushed through the foam glass bodies 2 and the separating elements 7 .
- the reinforcement elements or tension elements have threads in the form of threaded rods 3, so that a corresponding fixation in the form of a nut 4 can be screwed onto the respective thread.
- the space between the nuts 4 on the threaded rod 3 can be reduced and the foam glass body 2 and the separating elements 7 are pressed against one another, so that a compressive stress acts on the foam glass body 2 and the separating elements 7 and the elastically deformable threaded rod 3 is placed under tension.
- the separating elements cause considerable static friction between the foam glass bodies without the need for an adhesive or mortar, which is why the foam glass composite element 1 can be completely disassembled again into its components after the nuts 4 have been loosened and the foam glass body and reinforcement elements can then be used again. Accordingly, the foam glass composite element 1 according to the invention is particularly advantageous from the point of view of sustainability.
- spring elements 5 are also arranged between the nuts 4 and the respective last foam glass body 2 of the foam glass composite element 1, which are also braced by screwing the nuts 4 to the threaded rods 3 and correspondingly compressive stress on the foam glass bodies 2 and Exercise separating elements 7.
- a pressure distribution plate 6 is arranged on the surfaces of the foam glass composite element 1 in order to the screwing with the thread of the threaded rods 3 and/or by the spring elements 5 to distribute the compressive stress applied to the foam glass body 2 or the separating elements 7 over a larger area on the surface of the foam glass body 2 or separating elements 7 attached to the ends of the foam glass composite element 1.
- the threaded rods 3 can be guided directly through openings in the foam glass bodies 2 and separating elements 7, or guide elements, such as tubes, can be provided in which the threaded rods 3 can be accommodated.
- other reinforcement elements such as ropes or the like, can also be used.
- the reinforcing elements in the form of the threaded rods 3 in conjunction with the nuts 4, the spring elements 5 and the pressure distribution plates 6 are arranged in the lower area of the foam glass composite element 1 shown as a bending beam, so that in the area in which the greatest tensile stresses occur when deflection according to the load represented by the arrow, due to the prestressing via the reinforcing elements 3, 4, 5 and 6 there is a counterstress in the form of a compressive stress.
- This compressive prestress compensates for the tensile stress applied in this area by the bending. Accordingly, despite the brittle foam glass material, the component does not fail.
- Figure 2 shows the foam glass composite element 1 with a large number of foam glass bodies 2 and the reinforcing elements/tension elements 9 in the form of threaded rods 3, nuts 4, spring elements 5 (not shown separately in Figure 2) without the arrangement of the pressure distribution plates 6 in a further perspective view in the arrangement on the supports 8. It can be seen here that the number of reinforcing elements 9 in the lower area of the foam glass composite element 1 can be higher than in a middle area.
- Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a foam glass composite element 11 according to the invention with a large number of foam glass bodies 12, which are arranged next to one another and one behind the other, the arrangement of the foam glass bodies 12 in the respective rows being offset from one another, so that a so-called wall bond is provided, but without a material connection of the foam glass body 12 would be given by any binder.
- reinforcing elements/tension elements 19 are arranged in the foam glass composite element 11 both in the longitudinal direction L and in the width direction B, so that the foam glass body 12 are arranged under compressive stress both in the longitudinal direction L and in the width direction B and pressure distribution plates 16 are provided both on the broad sides and on the longitudinal sides.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a foam glass composite element 21 according to the invention similar to the illustration in FIG.
- a large number of cuboid foam glass bodies 22 are arranged next to one another and are separated from one another by separating elements 27 arranged between the foam glass bodies.
- the foam glass body 22 of the foam glass composite element 21 and the separating elements 27 are connected by a reinforcing element provided on the outside of the foam glass composite element 21, which is a band 23 in the form of a bracing strap/pulling strap with a fixation in the form of a clamping element 24, through which the strap 23 can be stretched tautly and under tensile stress around the foam glass body 22 and the separating elements 27, so that these in turn rest against one another under compressive stress.
- pressure distribution profiles 25 in the form of L-shaped profiles are provided at the corners, which extend along an edge of the foam glass composite element 1 .
- individual pressure distribution plates can also be used. Even with such a design, as shown in FIG. 4, the foam glass composite element 21 can withstand a bending stress, as illustrated by the mounting of the foam glass composite element 21 on the supports 28 and the load application by the arrow in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows another foam glass composite element 31 in the form of a wall element.
- a large number of foam glass bodies 32 are arranged one above the other, separated from one another by separating elements 37 and connected via reinforcing elements/tension elements in the form of threaded rods 33, which are screwed at their ends with fixings in the form of nuts 34 (only one threaded rod 33 is shown, but several threaded rods 33 are arranged one behind the other in the direction perpendicular to the image plane).
- About spring elements 35 and pressure distribution plates 36 is in turn a Compressive stress applied to the foam glass body 32 and separating elements 37 .
- Such a wall element 31 can, as indicated by the arrow in the lower area of the foam glass composite element 31, also withstand shearing stresses, since the foam glass bodies 32 and the separating element 33 are firmly connected to one another by the compressive stress applied via the reinforcing elements 33, 34, 35,36.
- such a foam glass composite element can also be used for earthquake-proof buildings in which, in particular, shearing forces have to be absorbed.
- the foam glass composite element 31 in the form of a wall element has to bear lateral forces, such as shearing forces, from both sides, the reinforcing elements in the form of the threaded rods 33, nuts 34, clamping elements 35 and pressure distribution plates 36 are arranged in the middle of the foam glass composite element 1 in order to achieve a symmetrical arrangement to achieve.
- FIG. 6 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a foam glass composite element 41 according to the invention, which is designed as part of a noise protection wall.
- the foam glass composite element 41 has a plurality of foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, which have a cuboid basic shape and are stacked one on top of the other.
- the foam glass composite element 41 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has different foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, which differ in their shape.
- the foam glass body 42 which is the uppermost foam glass body in the representation of FIG. 1, has inclined surfaces on the upper longitudinal edges, so that the foam glass body 42 forms a roof structure.
- foam glass body 42a which has a concave indentation 47 on one longitudinal side.
- a foam glass body 42b with a convex curvature 48 is arranged below the foam glass body 42a with the concave indentation 47, so that the combination of the foam glass bodies 42a and 42b results in an S-shaped surface.
- a plurality of foam glass bodies 42a and 42b are arranged alternately one above the other, so that the foam glass composite element 41 has a surface with a wave shape. This serves together with blind holes, which can be introduced into the surface, for the reflection and absorption of sound waves and thus for sound insulation.
- the soundproofing can also be improved if the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d are designed with an open porosity.
- foam glass bodies 42c, 42d with different shapes are arranged.
- the foam glass body 42c has a groove 49 along its longitudinal side, while the foam glass body 42d is designed as a cuboid foam glass body.
- two foam glass bodies 5 and 6 are arranged alternately.
- All of the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d are arranged on a base plate 50, which can be formed from a metal plate, for example.
- a cover plate or pressure distribution plate 46 is arranged on the uppermost foam glass body 42 opposite the base plate 50 and is connected to the base plate 50 via reinforcing elements/tension elements in the form of threaded rods 43 .
- the threaded rods 43 each have a thread at their ends and the base plate 50 can have corresponding threaded holes into which the rods 43 are screwed.
- the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d have corresponding openings, through which the rods 43 are guided, with the cover plate 46 also having openings, so that the rods 43 with their respective threads at their ends can be pushed through the openings in the cover plate 46 protrude.
- the ends of the rods 43 are screwed with fixings in the form of nuts 44, so that the cover plate 46 is pressed against the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d and the entire stack of foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d over the Rods 43 and the bottom plate 50 and the cover plate 46 and the screw connections are braced with the nuts 44, so that the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d are subjected to compressive stresses, while a tensile stress acts on the rods 43.
- the foam glass composite element 41 which is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows several foam glass composite elements 41 from FIG. 6 in a wall arrangement next to one another, so that a complete noise protection wall 45 is formed, with the individual foam glass composite elements 41 from FIG. 1 being aligned next to one another.
- the foam glass composite elements 41 can simply be placed next to one another or mutually connected to one another, for example by horizontally extending connecting elements which penetrate the foam glass composite elements 41 similar to the rods 43 or run along the surfaces of the foam glass composite elements 41 .
- FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a foam glass composite element 51, which largely corresponds to the foam glass composite element 41 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG.
- a plurality of identical foam glass bodies 52a are arranged one above the other in the foam glass composite element 51 from FIG. that the base of the foam glass body 52a is smaller than the top, so that when the foam glass bodies 52a are stacked on top of one another, a sawtooth-like surface of the foam glass composite element 51 results.
- Such a surface is used, in turn, together with possible further surface structures, such as blind holes or the like, for the reflection and/or absorption of sound waves in order to form a noise protection element.
- the individual foam glass bodies 52, 52a, 52b, 52c are screwed and braced together, as in the case of the foam glass composite element 41, via the cover plate 56 and the base plate 60 and the rods (not shown).
- FIG. 9 shows the fixings in the form of nuts 54, with which the threaded rods (not shown) that run through the foam glass bodies 52, 52a and the cover plate or Pressure distribution plate 56 and the foam glass body 52, 52a is screwed.
- FIG. 9 also shows the blind holes 59, which are made in the foam glass body 52a to improve the reflection and/or absorption of sound waves.
- FIG. 10 shows a noise protection wall 55 similar to the noise protection wall 45 from FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a foam glass composite element 61, which is formed by a multiplicity of foam glass bodies 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d stacked on top of one another.
- the exemplary embodiment in Figure 11 differs from the exemplary embodiments in Figures 6 and 8 in that instead of foam glass bodies 42a and 62b of the exemplary embodiment in Figure 6 and foam glass body 52a in the exemplary embodiment in Figure 3, foam glass bodies 62a and 62b with different widths or base areas of the Foam glass bodies 62a and 62b are stacked one on top of the other, so that when one of the longitudinal sides of the foam glass bodies 62a and 62b is aligned, indentations 67 and projections 68 result on the opposite side of the surface of the foam glass composite element 61, with the indentations 67 and projections 68 each being cuboidal are.
- a structured surface of the foam glass composite element 61 is also formed here, which in turn serves to reduce
- FIG. 12 shows a corresponding noise protection wall 65 similar to the noise protection walls 45, 55 from the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 10 with a plurality of foam glass composite elements 61 arranged next to one another.
- FIG. 13 shows a perspective partial illustration of a further embodiment of a foam glass composite element 71 according to the invention, in which a large number of cuboid foam glass bodies 72 are held together by various reinforcing elements which act in different directions.
- lattice frame elements 73 are provided on the main surfaces of the foam glass composite element 71, which are spanned by the width and length of the foam glass composite element 71 Vertical direction H are clamped together.
- two U-profiles 75, 76 are arranged, which are connected to one another via cross braces 77.
- the U-profiles 75, 76 provided on both longitudinal sides of the foam glass composite element 71 are connected via reinforcement elements/tie rods in the form of threaded rods 79, which are screwed to the U-profiles with nuts 78, so that the foam glass bodies 72 are also clamped together in the width direction.
- FIG. 14 shows the reinforcement elements in the form of the U-profiles 75, 76 and the cross braces 77 as well as the threaded rod 79 and nuts 78 in greater detail.
- a corresponding foam glass composite element 71 can be used as a wall element, floor or ceiling element in a large number of applications and in particular in the construction of a large number of structures or buildings.
- foam glass composite elements 71 can be used to form floating bodies, so-called pontoons, or to construct buildings.
- FIG. 15 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a foam glass composite element 81 according to the invention, in which U-profiles 85, 86 are again arranged on the longitudinal sides, which are connected via reinforcing elements/tension elements in the form of threaded rods 87, which are screwed to nuts 88.
- U-profiles of any shape can be used, such as the U-profiles 85, 86 shown in FIG .
- Figure 15 also shows that in the foam glass composite element 81, in which the foam glass bodies 82 are already braced over the long sides with reinforcement elements in the form of U-profiles 85, 86 and threaded rods 87 and nuts 88, the broad sides of the foam glass composite element 81 are also braced are connected and clamped via reinforcing elements, ie in a direction transverse to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the threaded rods 87 there is a connection and clamping of the foam glass body 82 .
- this Lattice frames 83 are provided on the broad sides, which in turn are connected to one another via tension wires (not shown).
- a further embodiment of a foam glass composite element 91 according to the invention is shown in a partial perspective view in FIG.
- the foam glass composite element 91 comprises a multiplicity of foam glass bodies 92, which in turn are arranged one above the other and next to one another in a cuboid structure.
- the foam glass bodies 92 of the foam glass composite element 91 are braced against one another via reinforcing elements in the form of lattice frames 93, 94 on the main surfaces and broad sides of the foam glass composite element 91 and tension wires (not shown) arranged between the respective lattice frames 93, 94, while on the Long sides of the foam glass composite element 91 double - T - carriers 95, 96 are arranged, which in turn are connected via threaded rods and Nuttem not shown in detail and the foam glass body 62 arranged in between press and brace against each other.
- this embodiment thus has double T-beams 95, 96 on one end side, which in turn are connected via threaded rods or tensioning cables or the like with opposite reinforcement elements, such as also Double - T - carriers, braced to apply a compressive stress to the intermediate foam glass body 92.
- Figure 17 shows a foam glass composite element 101, in which a large number of cuboid foam glass bodies 102, which are arranged side by side and one above the other, on the one hand by lattice frames 103 on the top and bottom as well as on the side surfaces and corresponding reinforcement elements for connecting the opposite lattice frames 103 additionally around continuous on the side surfaces double - T - beams 106, which in turn are braced via reinforcing elements 109 with the opposite double - T - girders 106, so that the foam glass body 102 are held under compressive stress on all sides.
- Figures 18, 19 and 20 show various foam glass composite elements 111, 121 and 131 with different dimensions, which, however, otherwise have an identical structure with a large number of cuboid foam glass bodies 112, 122, 132 and lattice frames 113, 123 and 133 arranged opposite one another on the surface sides, with the opposite Grid frames 113, 123 and 133 arranged on the surface sides are in turn connected to one another via rods, rods, cables or the like, which run through the foam glass bodies 112, 122, 132, in such a way that the foam glass bodies 112, 122 and 132 lying in between are each held under compressive stress.
- foam glass composite element 141 is shown in Figure 21, wherein in the perspective view of the foam glass composite element 141, part of a cover 147 on a main surface of the foam glass composite element 141 is cut open and part of the foam glass body 142 is not shown in order to avoid the reinforcing elements running through the foam glass composite element 141 / Tension elements in the form of threaded rods 143, which run through the foam glass composite element 141 both in the longitudinal direction (L) and in the width direction (B).
- the foam glass composite element 141 comprises a multiplicity of cuboid foam glass bodies 142 which are stacked next to one another and one above the other to form a wall element.
- Pressure distribution plates 145, 146 are provided circumferentially on the end faces of the foam glass composite element 141, which are connected and braced to the opposite pressure distribution plates 145, 146 via reinforcement elements/tension elements 148, 149, so that compressive stresses are exerted on the foam glass bodies 142.
- the threaded rods 143 running inside the foam glass composite element 141 are part of the reinforcing elements/tension elements 148,149.
- the exemplary embodiment in Figure 21 also shows that a cover 147 is provided on a surface of the foam glass composite element 141, namely one of the main surfaces of the foam glass composite element 141, which is spanned by the length (L) and width direction (B), so that the foam glass composite element 141 can have any surface.
- the material for such covers which can also be designed as coatings, all suitable materials such as Steel, plastic, plasterboard and the like are used. Of course, such covers can be provided on all surfaces or only on individual surfaces of a foam glass composite element and on all embodiments of foam glass composite elements.
- FIG. 22 shows a further example of a foam glass composite element 151 according to the invention, which is formed from a large number of foam glass bodies 152 which are clamped together via reinforcing elements/tension elements in the form of side plates 155, 156 and rods 153, 154.
- the foam glass composite element 151 of the embodiment shown in FIG. In order to show the foam glass bodies 152 and the rods 153, 154 connecting the side plates 155, 156 of the foam glass composite element 151 on opposite sides, the cover 158 is omitted in a central area and, in addition, some foam glass bodies 152 are also not shown.
- the rods 153 connect the side plates 156, which are arranged on opposite sides of the cuboid foam glass composite element 151, while the rods 154, which run horizontally in the illustration in FIG. 22, connect the side plates 155, which are arranged on opposite sides of the foam glass composite element 151.
- the rods 153, 154 are connected to the side plates 155, 156 by means of fixings in the form of screw connections 157, with the most varied configurations of the screw connections being conceivable, such as, for example, an arrangement of nuts which are connected to the rods 153, 154 are screwed or threaded holes in the side plates 155, 156 into which the rods 153, 154 are screwed with threads at their ends.
- FIG. 23 shows part of the foam glass composite element 151 from FIG. 22 from a different perspective, showing how the cover 158 can be arranged on one of the main surfaces.
- the cover 158 is lifted off the main surface so that the rods 153, 154 lying behind it, which connect the opposite side plates 155, 156 and thus press the foam glass bodies 152 lying in between, can be seen.
- the cover 158 can be made of any suitable material, such as plastic or metal, and can be connected to the foam glass composite element 151 or the foam glass bodies 152 and the reinforcing elements in the form of the side plates 155, 156 and rods 153, 154 by suitable joining techniques.
- the cover 158 can be arranged by means of a material connection, in particular by gluing or welding.
- the rods 153, 154 have screw connections 157, in the embodiment shown the rods 153, 154 have threads at their ends, the rods 153, 154 passing through openings in the side plates 155, 156 being screwed with a nut.
- the side plates 155 and 156 as well as the rods 153, 154 can be formed from any suitable material, metallic materials and in particular steel materials or the like being particularly suitable here.
- a combination of the foam glass composite elements 141 and 151 is implemented in the foam glass composite element 161, which is shown in Figure 24 in a perspective view, part of the cover 167 being cut open and part of the foam glass body 162 being omitted in order to show the arrangement of the reinforcement elements/tension elements in To illustrate the shape of the inner and outer threaded rods 163,164.
- the reinforcing elements such as threaded rods, tensioning cables or the like, can run inside the foam glass composite element and in particular through the foam glass body.
- reinforcement elements it is also possible for reinforcement elements to be arranged entirely or predominantly on the surfaces of the foam glass composite element or the foam glass body.
- both reinforcing elements/tension elements 168,169 are provided, which are predominantly through the foam glass body 162 run as well as along the surface of the foam glass body 162.
- FIG. 25 shows a further embodiment of a foam glass composite element 171 according to the invention, which in principle is constructed similarly to the previous foam glass composite element 151.
- the foam glass composite element 171 differs from the foam glass composite element 151 only in that the side plates 175, 176 are not designed as flat side plates, like the side plates 155, 156, but have rounded and angled areas on their longitudinal edges, which encompass the main surfaces of the foam glass composite element 171.
- the reinforcement elements in the form of reinforcement elements/tension elements 173, 174 can be arranged on these angled areas, for example by being hooked into corresponding openings or running through them.
- the reinforcement elements/tension elements 173, 174 which in turn connect the respectively opposite side plates 175, 176, are correspondingly elastically braced, so that the side plates 175, 176 press the foam glass bodies 82 lying between them against one another.
- FIG. 191 Another foam glass composite element 191, which is similar to the previous exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 21 to 25, is shown in FIG.
- the foam glass composite element 191 also has side plates 193, 194 which have rounded and angled areas on their longitudinal edges which are angled transversely to the base surface of the corresponding side plate 193, 194 and enclose the main surfaces.
- wires (or round steel or similar) 195, 196 are provided as reinforcement elements, which run in a ring around the foam glass composite element 191, whereby they extend over the two main surfaces and the opposite side surfaces of the foam glass composite element 191, on which the side plates 193, 194 are arranged, extend.
- a clamping screw connection or tension element 197 is provided at the two ends of each wire 195, 196, with which the threaded ends of the respective wire 195, 196 can be pulled towards one another and thus tensioned.
- the tensioned wires 195, 196 press the opposite side plates 193, 194 against the foam glass bodies 192 in between and brace them to form the foam glass composite element 191 according to the invention.
- FIGS. 27 to 29 show the foam glass composite element 191 from different perspectives in greater detail, so that the principle and structure of the clamping screw connection 197 and the rounded and angled longitudinal edges of the side plates 193, 194 can be seen clearly.
- FIG. 30 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a clamping screw connection 177, which can also be used in the foam glass composite element 191 from FIGS. 26 to 29 for screwing and tensioning the wires 195, 196.
- the ring-shaped arrangement of a band 173 can be seen clearly in FIG.
- the screw 180 is inserted through the plug-in receptacle 178 and engages in a thread of the threaded receptacle 179, so that the ends of the band 173 connected to the plug-in receptacle 178 and the threaded receptacle 179 are moved towards one another when the screw is screwed into the threaded receptacle 179 and thus the Band 173 can be stretched around a non-illustrated foam glass composite element.
- FIG. 31 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a foam glass composite element 201, which, similar to the previous exemplary embodiments, has side plates 203, 204 on the end faces of the foam glass composite element 201, which have angled and rounded areas on their longitudinal edges, which are angled in the direction of the main surfaces of the foam glass composite element 201 and embrace them.
- Similar to the wires 195, 196 of the foam glass composite element 191, several parallel bands 205, 206 run around the foam glass composite element 201, which connect the side plates 203, 204 located on opposite end faces press against the foam glass bodies arranged in between.
- a clamping element is provided for the ring closure of the bands 205, 206, which is shown in FIG. 32 with a corresponding band 206.
- the ends of the strap 206 are passed through a laterally slotted sleeve so that they overlap, after which the sleeve is squeezed together thereby forcing the ends of the strap 206 toward one another.
- the frictional connection thus generated between the ends of the band 206, which is maintained by the clamping element 207 due to the plastic deformation of the clamping element 207, allows the band 206 to be closed securely in a circular manner.
- the straps 205, 206 can be elastically deformed by tension before clamping with the clamping element 207, so that after the mutual fastening of the ends of the strap 206 by the clamping element 207 the foam glass bodies arranged between the side plates 203 and 204 are pressed against one another.
- FIG. 33 shows another foam glass composite element 211, which in turn is made up of a large number of foam glass bodies 212.
- the cuboid foam glass bodies 212 are stacked to form a cuboid foam glass composite element 211, with an edge frame 213 being provided on each of the end faces, which are spanned by the width direction and the height direction, which extends along the edge of the end face and is composed of corner profiles, so that the Edge frame on the one hand on the corresponding end face and on the other hand on the adjacent main surfaces and longitudinal sides, which are defined by the height and length of the foam glass composite element 211 rests.
- the two edge frames 213 arranged on the opposite end faces are braced against one another via a number of parallel, elastically deformed bands 216, so that the foam glass bodies 212 lying in between are pressed against one another.
- corner profiles 214 are arranged on the longitudinal edges of the foam glass composite element 211, which are also pressed against the foam glass bodies 212 by means of a plurality of belts 215 that run parallel to one another and are elastically braced, so that the foam glass bodies 212 are both in the width direction and in the height direction and longitudinal direction of the Foam glass composite element 211 are braced against each other.
- One of many possible applications of the foam glass composite elements according to the invention is the formation of a tunnel 228 in which a tunnel lining 229 is arranged, which defines a tunnel tube, so that a tunnel gap 230 is formed between the tunnel lining 229 and the tunnel wall of the tunnel 228.
- the tunnel lining 229 is formed by a multiplicity of foam glass composite elements 221 which are fastened to the tunnel wall of the tunnel 228 by means of holders 227 .
- Figure 34 shows the arcuate arrangement of foam glass composite elements 221 to form a tunnel lining 229. Due to the mechanical properties of the foam glass composite elements 221, an arrangement in a tunnel lining is possible even in tunnels for high-speed trains, since the pressure loads on trains passing at high speeds are dissipated by the foam glass composite elements .
- the individual foam glass composite elements 221 are themselves arcuate, with the individual foam glass bodies 222 having a slightly wedge-shaped shape, so that the opposite contact surfaces of a foam glass body 222, on which the adjacent foam glass bodies 222 rest, are not aligned parallel to one another, but form a small angle to one another, so that in the case of an arrangement of several foam glass bodies 222 with their contact surfaces against one another, an arcuate structure of the foam glass composite element 221 results.
- the corresponding reinforcement elements for connecting and mutually pressing the foam glass bodies 222 against one another can be guided through the foam glass bodies 222 and/or along the surface of the foam glass bodies 222 in accordance with the previously shown exemplary embodiments.
- the foam glass composite element 221 is in turn constructed from a large number of foam glass bodies 222, which are mounted between end plates 223 and 224 (bottom plate not visible in Fig. 23, see Fig. 36) and via a rod 226 extending through the foam glass body 222 and on the Webs 225 running on the surface are clamped together.
- the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 35 shows that curved or arched foam glass composite elements can also be formed. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the individual foam glass bodies 222 are designed as ring segments or truncated wedges, so that the the two opposite surfaces, which are connected to adjacent foam glass bodies 222 or which serve to stack the foam glass bodies 122, are formed at an angle to one another.
- a curved or arched structure of the foam glass composite element 221 can be achieved, with a plurality of arched foam glass composite elements 221 together resulting in a curved tunnel lining 229 which is circular in cross section.
- webs 225 are provided on the outer surface of the foam glass composite element 221, which also end plates 223, 224 of the foam glass composite element 221 connect to each other.
- Mounts 227 are provided on at least one of the end plates 223 and make it possible to fasten the foam glass composite element 221 in the tunnel 228 at a distance from the tunnel wall.
- Figures 36 to 39 show the tunnel lining 229 and the associated foam glass composite elements 221 in different views, showing both the arrangement of the foam glass composite elements 221 on the tunnel wall of the tunnel 228 via the brackets 227 and the structure of the individual foam glass composite elements 221 with the end plates 223, 224 and the U-shaped webs 225 can be seen.
- FIG. 37 also shows how improved protection against accidents can be implemented in combination with the tunnel lining 229 .
- an energy-absorbing material such as foam glass gravel 220
- foam glass gravel 220 can also be filled, which can absorb and reduce a large part of the impact energy in the event of a vehicle impact on the tunnel lining 229, so that the consequences of an accident with a collision on the tunnel wall or the tunnel lining 229 can be mitigated.
- Further configurations of tunnel linings 229 can be seen in FIGS. 40 to 42. In the case of the tunnel lining 229 of FIG.
- straight or flat foam glass composite elements 231 are used, which are lined up in the form of a polygon in order to also achieve a curved tunnel lining 229.
- Wedge elements 232 made of foam glass are inserted between the individual, flat or straight foam glass composite elements 231 in order to fill up the gaps occurring between the straight or flat foam glass composite elements 231 at the joints.
- foam glass composite elements 241 can be used, which themselves have wedge-shaped foam glass end bodies 243 at the connection ends to the adjacent foam glass composite elements 241, while the remaining foam glass bodies 242 of the foam glass composite element 241 can in turn be designed as cuboid foam glass bodies.
- the foam glass composite element 241 is shown in detail in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 42, the cuboid foam glass bodies 242 are stacked one on top of the other and wedge-shaped foam glass end bodies 243 are arranged at the two ends of the stack. Pressure distribution plates 246 with holders 247 are arranged on the respective surfaces of the wedge-shaped foam glass end bodies 243, which serve to fasten the foam glass composite element 241 to a tunnel wall. Compressive stresses are exerted on the foam glass bodies 242, 243 via the pressure distribution plates 246 by means of a reinforcing element 249, which runs through the wedge-shaped foam glass end bodies 243 and the cuboid foam glass bodies 242, so that these in turn are under compressive stress.
- FIGS. 43 and 44 Two further applications of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 43 and 44.
- FIG. 43 Two further applications of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 43 and 44.
- FIG. 43 shows a building 260 which is made entirely of foam glass composite elements 251 and 261.
- the foam glass composite elements 261 form the walls, while the foam glass composite element 251 is designed as a ceiling or roof.
- the foam glass bodies 252 of the foam glass composite element 251 are reinforced by metal plates 253 arranged circumferentially on the end faces of the foam glass composite element 251, which are reinforced together with metal rods that are inserted through the foam glass bodies 252, the metal plates 253 with the metal rods pressing the foam glass bodies 252 against one another and thus the increase strength.
- the mechanical properties can be influenced by changing the density of the foam glass during the production process of the foam glass body. A higher modulus of elasticity and thus higher mechanical strength can be set by increasing the density of the foam glass body.
- foam glass composite elements 251, 261 meet high standards in terms of thermal conductivity and building safety, such as non-combustibility, so that corresponding buildings, such as passive houses, can be built with them.
- the foam glass composite elements 251, 261 are easily recyclable, since they usually have no or only minor material connections, but only have mechanical connections through the reinforcing elements that are detachable, so that the individual materials, such as the foam glass and the materials of the Reinforcing elements can be easily separated for recyclability.
- FIG. 44 shows a high-rise building 270 which, for example, has been erected in a skeleton construction.
- the foam glass composite elements 271 are used as facade elements in the skeleton of the high-rise building 270. Due to the good mechanical properties of the foam glass composite elements 271, they are able to withstand the wind loads that occur in corresponding high-rise buildings. In addition, they have the advantages of good thermal insulation and easy recycling.
- the foam glass composite elements that form the walls can be formed, for example, by the previously described foam glass composite elements in cuboid shape.
- the shape of the cellular glass bodies can be adapted in such a way that there is also a form fit between adjacent cellular glass bodies, at least in one direction. This is made possible by a special design of the surface profile or the surface shape of the contact surfaces of the foam glass bodies. This applies very generally to all foam glass composite elements of the present invention and in particular to all of the embodiments already described.
- FIG. 45 Two different foam glass bodies 282 and 282a are shown in FIG. 45, which have different contact surfaces for connection to adjacent foam glass bodies 282, 282a.
- the foam glass body 282 has a first end surface 283 which is corrugated, while at the opposite end of the foam glass body 282 there is a second end surface 284 with two flat surfaces arranged at an angle to one another.
- the foam glass body 282a has a third end surface 285 which is complementary to the second end surface 284 of the foam glass body 282, while the fourth end surface 286 of the foam glass body 282a is again corrugated and correspondingly complementary to the first end surface 283 of the foam glass body 282, so that foam glass bodies 282 and 282a alternately can be arranged one after the other.
- Figure 46 similarly shows two foam glass bodies 292 and 292a which in turn have end surfaces 293, 294, 295 and 296, respectively.
- the first end surface 293 of the foam glass body 292 is complementary to the fourth end surface 296 of the foam glass body 292a and again has a wave shape.
- the to each other complementary end surface 294, 295, namely the second end surface 294 of the foam glass body 292 and the third end surface 295 of the foam glass body 292 have three flat partial surfaces, two of which are arranged at an angle to a third partial surface.
- the first end surface 303 of the foam glass body 302 and the fourth end surface 306 of the foam glass body 302a correspond to the first and fourth end surfaces of the previous exemplary embodiments, while the second end surface 304 of the foam glass body 302 and the third end surface of the foam glass body 302a have a sawtooth-like surface structure , However, the second end surface 304 and the third end surface 305 are in turn designed to be complementary to one another.
- Figure 48 shows an application of the foam glass composite elements for a floating house 310, where the foam glass composite elements are not only used for the walls and the ceiling or the roof of the house, as in the embodiment of Figure 43, but in particular to form a pontoon 311 be used, on which the floating house is stored. Due to the high proportion of pores and the resulting low density of the foam glass and the high mechanical strength of the foam glass composite elements due to the high compressive strength of the glass and the mechanical reinforcement through the reinforcing elements, the foam glass composite elements of the present invention can be used advantageously as a pontoon for a floating house , since the dead weight is low and the buoyancy is high.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3229510A CA3229510A1 (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2022-08-19 | Composite foam-glass elements and their application |
IL310776A IL310776A (en) | 2021-08-19 | 2022-08-19 | Foam-glass composite elements and their application |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021121595.1 | 2021-08-19 | ||
DE102021121595.1A DE102021121595A1 (de) | 2021-08-19 | 2021-08-19 | Schaumglasverbundelemente und ihre anwendung |
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WO2023021210A1 true WO2023021210A1 (de) | 2023-02-23 |
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PCT/EP2022/073258 WO2023021210A1 (de) | 2021-08-19 | 2022-08-19 | Schaumglasverbundelemente und ihre anwendung |
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Country | Link |
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CA (1) | CA3229510A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021121595A1 (de) |
IL (1) | IL310776A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023021210A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29818277U1 (de) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-01-14 | Frinorm Ag | Isolationsmauerwerkteil |
US20080245005A1 (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-09 | Fennell Harry C | Reusable Modular Block Wall Assembly System |
US20140196397A1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-17 | Tom Sourlis | Insulated building block and wall structure |
-
2021
- 2021-08-19 DE DE102021121595.1A patent/DE102021121595A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-08-19 WO PCT/EP2022/073258 patent/WO2023021210A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-08-19 IL IL310776A patent/IL310776A/en unknown
- 2022-08-19 CA CA3229510A patent/CA3229510A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29818277U1 (de) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-01-14 | Frinorm Ag | Isolationsmauerwerkteil |
US20080245005A1 (en) * | 2007-04-09 | 2008-10-09 | Fennell Harry C | Reusable Modular Block Wall Assembly System |
US20140196397A1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-17 | Tom Sourlis | Insulated building block and wall structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA3229510A1 (en) | 2023-02-23 |
DE102021121595A1 (de) | 2023-02-23 |
IL310776A (en) | 2024-04-01 |
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