WO2023020568A1 - 电极组件、电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电极组件、电池和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023020568A1
WO2023020568A1 PCT/CN2022/113229 CN2022113229W WO2023020568A1 WO 2023020568 A1 WO2023020568 A1 WO 2023020568A1 CN 2022113229 W CN2022113229 W CN 2022113229W WO 2023020568 A1 WO2023020568 A1 WO 2023020568A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tab
electrode assembly
pole piece
groove
current collector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/113229
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郝飞
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to EP22857879.5A priority Critical patent/EP4369508A1/en
Priority to JP2022568437A priority patent/JP7509919B2/ja
Publication of WO2023020568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023020568A1/zh
Priority to US18/398,596 priority patent/US20240145756A1/en
Priority to JP2024099182A priority patent/JP2024120038A/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical devices, in particular to an electrode assembly, a battery with the electrode assembly and electrical equipment.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrode assembly, including a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a separator, the first pole piece is provided with a first tab, and the second pole piece is provided with a second tab, The separator is disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and the first pole piece, the separator and the second pole piece are wound to form the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a third tab, and the third tab is disposed on the first pole piece.
  • the first pole piece includes a first current collector and a first active material layer, and the first active material layer is arranged on the surface of the first current collector to form a first coating area; along the first direction, the The first active material layer is extended in a strip shape; the first tab and the third tab are spaced apart from each other in the first coating area.
  • the first tab and the third tab divide the first coating area into a first part, a second part and a third part, the first part,
  • the length ratio of the second part and the third part is: 1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2).
  • the first direction is the length direction of the pole piece in the unfolded state, and is also the winding direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the above-mentioned electrode assembly divides the current by adding the third tab on the first pole piece, and the first tab and the third tab divide the first coating area according to a predetermined ratio, thereby reducing the distance between adjacent tabs.
  • the difference in resistance between them can give full play to the advantages of charging speed and temperature rise reduction, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the overcurrent capacity of the electrode assembly and reducing the temperature rise of the electrode assembly.
  • the first active material layer is provided with a first groove and a third groove at intervals, the first tab is disposed in the first groove, and the third tab is disposed in the In the third groove, along the first direction, the length of the first active material layer is L, and the distance between the first groove and the third groove is H, where
  • the first groove and the third groove are formed by missing the first active material layer.
  • the absence of the above-mentioned active material layer may expose the current collector, or expose other coatings coated on the surface of the current collector.
  • the first groove runs through the first active material layer, and the first groove can be formed on the first pole piece by gap coating, which reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the pole piece.
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. In the unfolded state of the pole piece, the second direction refers to the width direction of the pole piece, which can also be said to be the length direction of the electrode assembly in the wound state.
  • the first edge of the first groove is flush with the first side of the first collector, and the second edge of the first groove is flush with the first side of the first collector.
  • the second sides of the fluid are arranged at intervals, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of the active material layer and maintain the energy density of the cell assembly.
  • the side of the first tab is spaced apart from the side of the first groove, so as to reduce the problem of the tab contacting the active material.
  • the distance between the side of the first lug and the side of the first slot is 2-2.5 mm, so as to install the first tab within the tolerance limit of the device.
  • One lug and reduce the problem of tab contact with active substances.
  • the width of the first tab is 6-8mm, and the width of the first groove is 10-13mm, so as to reduce the energy of the battery cell caused by excessive loss of active material The effect of density.
  • the first tab includes a first section and a second section, the first section is disposed in the first groove and connected to the first current collector, and the first section The second section is bent toward the side of the first current collector away from the first section, so that the bent lug exerts pressure on the pole piece, which is conducive to strengthening the connection relationship between the pole lug and the pole piece , to reduce the problem that the pole lug is separated from the pole piece due to external force.
  • the first current collector includes a first side and a second side oppositely disposed, the first tab protrudes from the first side, and the first tab protrudes from the first side.
  • the three tabs protrude from the second side, so that after the electrode assembly is wound and formed, the first tab and the third tab are respectively located at opposite ends of the electrode assembly, and the gap between the first tab and the third tab is The distance between them in the first direction can be shortened, which facilitates the development of miniaturized batteries.
  • the first tab and the third tab are formed by part of the side surface of the first current collector beyond the first current collector, specifically, the first tab and the third tab
  • the ear can be formed by cutting the first current collector, so that the coverage area of the first active material layer can be reserved to the maximum, which is beneficial to improve the energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the second pole piece includes a second current collector and a second active material layer, and the second active material layer is disposed on the surface of the second current collector to form a second coating area, so The second tab is located in the second coating area.
  • the second tab divides the second coating area into a fourth part and a fifth part, and along the winding direction of the second pole piece, the fourth part and the first
  • the length ratio of the five parts is: 1:(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2), which is beneficial to reduce the difference in internal resistance between adjacent tabs.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a fourth tab, the fourth tab is disposed in the second coating area, and the fourth tab is spaced apart from the second tab, The second tab and the fourth tab divide the second coating area into a fourth part, a fifth part and a sixth part.
  • the fourth The length ratio of the part, the fifth part and the sixth part is: 1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2). In this way, the current can be further shunted to reduce the temperature rise of the electrode assembly.
  • the third direction is the thickness direction of the electrode assembly, and the staggered arrangement of multiple tabs can reduce the problem of uneven thickness of the electrode assembly caused by the stacking of the tab thickness, which is beneficial to improve the electrode assembly in multiple times. The problem of deformation during charging and discharging.
  • At least two layers of the first pole piece or the second pole piece are separated between adjacent tabs, preferably four layers of pole pieces are separated, which is beneficial to avoid single-layer There are many glues on the pole piece, which leads to the inconsistent interface of the pole piece and the circulation interface problem.
  • the first pole piece is a cathode piece and the second pole piece is an anode piece.
  • the opposite sides of the current collector at the winding starting end of the first pole piece are provided with a first active material layer, so that the winding starting end of the first pole piece forms a double-sided area, and the winding starting end of the second pole piece No second active material layer is provided on the opposite sides of the current collector at the winding starting end, so that the winding starting end of the second pole piece forms an empty foil area, which is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of lithium deposition.
  • the winding start ends of the first pole piece and the second pole piece are both double-sided areas, and the winding end ends are single-sided areas transitioning to the structure of the empty foil area, which is conducive to balancing the tension on the two pole pieces.
  • the active material increases the energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery, the battery includes a casing and the electrode assembly described in the above embodiment, and the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, the electric device includes a circuit element and the battery described in the above embodiment, and the circuit element is electrically connected to the battery.
  • the electric equipment includes but not limited to mobile phones, computers, mobile terminals and other electronic equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a winding structure of an electrode assembly in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view and a side view of the unfolded structure of the first pole piece in the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a front view and a side view of the expanded structure of the second pole piece in the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the surfaces on both sides of the pole piece after removing tabs from the first pole piece and the second pole piece in the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the two sides of the pole piece after removing the lugs in an embodiment of the first pole piece.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial connection structure between tabs and pole pieces in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the two side surfaces of the first pole piece in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the two side surfaces of the second pole piece in an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the winding structure of the electrode assembly with the pole pieces shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 10 .
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the two side surfaces of the first pole piece in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the two side surfaces of the second pole piece in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the winding structure of the electrode assembly with the pole pieces shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 .
  • FIG. 15 is a front view of the electrode assembly shown in FIG. 14 .
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of the two side surfaces of the first pole piece in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the two side surfaces of the second pole piece in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the winding structure of the electrode assembly with the pole pieces shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 .
  • Fig. 19 is a front view of the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 18 .
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of an electrode assembly in a pair of proportions.
  • Fig. 21 is a front view and a side view of the first pole piece in the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 20 .
  • Fig. 22 is a front view and a side view of the second pole piece in the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 20 .
  • Fig. 23 is a histogram of detection results of internal resistance between adjacent tabs of the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 20 .
  • Fig. 24 is a histogram of detection results of the internal resistance between adjacent tabs of the electrode assembly shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery in an embodiment.
  • Fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device in an embodiment.
  • the first active material layer 12 is the first active material layer 12
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purpose, and can not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical feature.Thus , The features defined as “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple” is two or more , unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • an electrode assembly 100 includes a first pole piece 10 , a second pole piece 20 and a separator 30 .
  • the polarity of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 20 are opposite, the isolation film 30 is arranged between the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 20, the first pole piece
  • the sheet 10 , the separator 30 and the second pole sheet 20 are wound to form the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the first pole piece 10 is provided with a first pole lug 40 and a third pole lug 60, the first pole lug 40, the third pole lug 60 and the first pole piece 10 have the same polarity,
  • the second pole piece 20 is provided with a second pole lug 50 , and the polarity of the second pole piece 50 is the same as that of the second pole piece 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 100 of the present application shunts the current flowing into the electrode assembly 100 by connecting the third tab 60 in parallel, so as to improve the overcurrent capability of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the first pole piece 10 includes a first current collector 11 and a first active material layer 12, and the first active material layer 12 is disposed on the surface of the first current collector 11 to A first coating area is formed.
  • the first active material layer 12 is extended in a strip shape, and the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 are arranged at intervals in the first coating area.
  • the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 divide the first coating area into a first part 111 , The second part 112 and the third part 113 .
  • the length ratio of the first part 111, the second part 112 and the third part 113 is: 1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8 -1.2).
  • the first direction A is the length direction of the pole piece in the unfolded state, and is also the winding direction of the electrode assembly 100.
  • the second pole piece 20 includes a second current collector 21 and a second active material layer 22, and the second active material layer 22 is disposed on the surface of the second current collector 21 to A second coating area is formed, and the second tab 50 is disposed in the second coating area.
  • the second tab 50 divides the second coating area into a fourth part 211 and a fifth part 212, along the winding direction of the second pole piece 20, that is, the winding direction of the electrode assembly 100,
  • the length ratio of the fourth portion 211 to the fifth portion 212 is: 1:(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2).
  • the above-mentioned electrode assembly 100 realizes shunting the current in parallel by adding the third tab 60 on the first pole piece 10, and the first tab 40, the second tab 50 and the third tab 60 divide the first pole
  • the length of the active material layer on the piece 10 and the second pole piece 20 is divided according to a predetermined ratio, which can reduce the difference in resistance between adjacent tabs, make the internal resistance between adjacent tabs roughly the same, and fully utilize the charging speed and
  • the advantage of reducing the temperature rise is to achieve the purpose of improving the overcurrent capacity of the electrode assembly and reducing the temperature rise of the electrode assembly.
  • the first active material layer 12 is provided with a first groove 121 and a third groove 122 at intervals, the first tab 40 is arranged in the first groove 121 , and the first The tripole tab 60 is disposed in the third slot 122 .
  • the length of the first active material layer 12 is L
  • the distance between the first groove 121 and the third groove 122 is H, where
  • first groove 121 and the third groove 122 are formed by missing the first active material layer 12 .
  • the absence of the above-mentioned first active material layer 12 may expose the first current collector 11 , or expose other coatings coated on the surface of the first current collector 11 .
  • the second active material layer 22 is provided with a second groove 221 , and the second tab 50 is disposed in the second groove 221 .
  • the second groove 221 is approximately located in the middle of the second active material layer 22 .
  • the second groove 221 is formed by missing the second active material layer 22 .
  • the absence of the second active material layer 22 may expose the second current collector 21 , or expose other coatings coated on the surface of the second current collector 21 .
  • the active material layers on both sides of the current collector are missing at positions corresponding to the grooves. That is to say, no active material layer is provided on both sides of the current collector in the first groove 121 , the second groove 221 and the third groove 122 , forming a local empty foil area.
  • the first edge 1211 of the first groove 121 is flush with the first side 114 of the first current collector 11
  • the second edge 1212 of the first groove 121 is flush with the first side 114 of the first current collector 11
  • the second sides 115 of the first current collector 11 are arranged at intervals, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of the active material layer and maintain the energy density of the cell assembly.
  • the second direction B is perpendicular to the first direction A. In the unfolded state of the pole piece, the second direction B refers to the width direction of the pole piece, which can also be said to be the length direction of the electrode assembly 100 in the rolled state.
  • the structures of the third groove 122 and the second groove 221 are substantially the same as that of the first groove 121 , and will not be repeated here.
  • first groove 121, the second groove 221, and the third groove 122 are obtained; before the current collector is coated with the active material layer, an adhesive tape can be attached to the corresponding position, and after the active material layer is coated on the surface of the current collector, tear off The tape is removed to expose the current collector, so as to obtain the first groove 121 , the second groove 221 and the third groove 122 .
  • the first groove 121 runs through the first active material layer 12 .
  • the first groove 121 can be formed on the first pole piece 10 by gap coating, that is, the active material layer is intermittently coated on the surface of the current collector according to a preset procedure to form the first groove 121 and the third groove 122, etc. , which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of the manufacturing process of the pole piece.
  • the side of the first tab 40 is spaced apart from the side of the first groove 121 to reduce the problem of the tab contacting the active material.
  • the distance between the side of the first tab 40 and the side of the first groove 121 is 2-2.5mm, so as to install the first tab 40 within the tolerance limit of the equipment and reduce the Problems with ear exposure to active substances.
  • the width of the first tab 40 is 6-8mm, and the width of the first groove 121 is 10-13mm, so as to reduce the excessive loss of active material The impact of the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the size of the second tab 50 and the third tab 60 is approximately the same as that of the first tab 40
  • the size of the second slot 221 and the third slot 122 is approximately the same as that of the first slot 121 .
  • the first pole piece 10 is a cathode piece
  • the second pole piece 20 is an anode piece.
  • the first pole tab 40 and the second pole tab 50 The third tab 60 is located at the same end of the electrode assembly 100 , and the second tab 50 is spaced between the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 .
  • the third direction C is perpendicular to the first direction A.
  • the third direction C is the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 100, and the staggered arrangement of multiple tabs can reduce the problem of uneven thickness of the electrode assembly caused by the superposition of the thickness of the tabs, which is conducive to improving the thickness of the electrode assembly.
  • the problem of deformation during multiple charging and discharging there are at least two layers of the first pole piece 10 or the second pole piece 20 between adjacent tabs, preferably four layers of pole pieces, which is beneficial to avoid the single-layer pole piece. Adhesives are pasted in many places, resulting in inconsistent interface of the pole piece and circulation interface problem.
  • the first tab 40 includes a first section 41 and a second section 42, the first section 41 is set in the first groove 121, and connected The first current collector 11, the second section 42 is bent toward the side of the first current collector 11 away from the first section 41, so that the bent lug exerts pressure on the pole piece , which is conducive to strengthening the connection relationship between the tab and the pole piece, and reducing the problem of the tab being separated from the pole piece due to external force.
  • the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 may also be formed by part of the side surface of the first current collector 11 protruding from the first current collector 11 .
  • the second tab 50 may be formed by part of the side surface of the second current collector 21 protruding from the second current collector 21 .
  • the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 can be formed by cutting the first current collector 11, and the second tab 50 can be formed by cutting the second current collector 21.
  • the first active material layer 12 and the The covering area of the second active material layer 22 can be reserved to the maximum extent, which is beneficial to increase the energy density of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the electrode assembly 200 of the second embodiment is substantially the same as the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment, the difference is that in the second embodiment, the first pole piece 10 is an anode
  • the corresponding first tab 40 and the third tab 60 are anode tabs
  • the second tab 20 is a cathode tab
  • the corresponding second tab 50 is a cathode tab.
  • the first tab 40 , the second tab 50 and the third tab 60 are located at the same end of the electrode assembly 200 , and the second tab 50 is spaced between the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 . between the third tabs 60 .
  • the electrode assembly 300 of the third embodiment is substantially the same as the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment, the difference is that in the third embodiment, along the second direction B, the The first tab 40 protrudes from the first side 114 of the first current collector 11, the third tab 60 protrudes from the second side 115 of the first current collector 11, and the first tab 60 protrudes from the second side 115 of the first current collector 11.
  • the arrangement direction of the dipole lug 50 on the second pole piece 20 is the same as that of the first pole lug 40 .
  • the second tab 50 and the first tab 40 are located at the same end of the electrode assembly 300, the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 are respectively located at opposite ends of the electrode assembly 300, and the second The distance in the first direction A between the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 can be shortened, which facilitates the miniaturization of the battery.
  • the electrode assembly 400 of the fourth embodiment is substantially the same as the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment, the difference is that in the fourth embodiment, the electrode assembly 400 also includes The fourth tab 70 , the fourth tab 70 is disposed in the second coating area, and the fourth tab 70 is spaced apart from the second tab 50 .
  • the second tab 50 and the fourth tab 70 divide the second coating area into a fourth part 211, a fifth part 212 and a sixth part 213, along the winding direction of the second pole piece , the length ratio of the fourth part 211, the fifth part 212 and the sixth part 213 is: 1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5), preferably 1:(0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2). In this way, the current can be further divided to reduce the temperature rise of the electrode assembly 400 .
  • the first tab 40 , the second tab 50 , the third tab 60 and the fourth tab 70 are located at the same end of the electrode assembly 400 , and the second tab 50 and the fourth tab 70 is spaced between the first tab 40 and the third tab 60 .
  • the first pole piece 10 is a cathode piece
  • the second pole piece 20 is an anode piece.
  • the first active material layer 12 is provided on opposite sides of the current collector at the winding starting end of the first pole piece 10 , so that the winding starting end of the first pole piece 10 forms a double-sided area.
  • No second active material layer 22 is provided on the opposite sides of the current collector at the winding starting end of the second pole piece 20, so that the winding starting end of the second pole piece 20 forms an empty foil area, which is beneficial to Reduce the generation of lithium analysis inside the electrode assembly.
  • the winding start ends of the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 20 are both double-sided areas, and the winding end ends are single-sided areas transitioning to an empty foil area, which is beneficial to balance the two sides.
  • the active material on each pole piece increases the energy density of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly 100 ′ is substantially the same as the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment, the difference is that in the first comparative example, the first tab 40 is arranged on The empty foil area at the winding starting end of the first pole piece 10, the third pole piece 60 is arranged on the first coating area of the first pole piece 10, the first pole piece 40 and the third pole piece 60 do not apply the first coating
  • the layout area is divided according to a predetermined ratio. 23, it can be seen that after the electrode assembly 100' is wound and formed, the internal resistance difference between adjacent tabs is relatively large.
  • FIG. 24 compared with the first comparative example, after the electrode assembly 100 is wound and formed in the first embodiment, the difference in internal resistance between adjacent tabs is significantly reduced.
  • the content of the table below is the experimental results of charging and temperature rise data of the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment and the electrode assembly 100' of the first comparative example under the same charging system.
  • the charging speed of the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment within 30 minutes is 3.2% higher than that of the first comparative example, thus proving that the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment can be charged by the first electrode
  • the ear 40 and the third tab 60 are arranged in the first coating area according to a predetermined ratio, so as to reduce the difference in internal resistance between adjacent tabs, which can effectively improve the overcurrent capability of the electrode assembly 100, thereby increasing the charging speed of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the temperature rise data of the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment is 4.2°C lower than that of the first comparative example, thus proving that the electrode assembly 100 of the first embodiment can and the third tab 60 are arranged in the first coating area according to a predetermined ratio to reduce the difference in internal resistance between adjacent tabs, which can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the electrode assembly 100 and improve the safety of the electrode assembly 100 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 500 , the battery 500 includes a casing 501 and the electrode assembly described in any one of the above embodiments, and the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing 501 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device 600 , the electric device 600 includes a circuit element 601 and the battery 500 described in the above embodiment, and the circuit element 601 is electrically connected to the battery 500 .
  • the electric device 600 includes, but is not limited to, electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, and mobile terminals.

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Abstract

一种电极组件、具该电极组件的电池和具该电池的用电设备，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片和隔离膜，第一极片上设有第一极耳和第三极耳，第二极片上设有第二极耳，第一极片、隔离膜和第二极片卷绕形成电极组件。所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层，第一活性物质层设于第一集流体的表面以形成第一涂布区；第一极耳和第三极耳间隔设置于第一涂布区，将第一涂布区分为第一部分、第二部分和第三部分，第一部分、第二部分和第三部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)，从而降低相邻极耳之间的电阻的差异，充分发挥充电速度及温升降低的优势，以实现提升电极组件过流能力和降低电极组件温升的目的。

Description

电极组件、电池和用电设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电化学装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种电极组件和具有该电极组件的电池和用电设备。
背景技术
随着5G的应用，消费者对智能手机、平板电脑等便携式电子产品的电池性能要求越来越高。现有电池中存在电池及整机温升高的问题，过高的温度会降低电池和电子产品的使用性能。现有电池采用双极耳结构，电池的整体过流能力不能得到提升，因此电池和整机的温升仍然较高。
发明内容
鉴于以上内容，有必要提出一种电极组件和具有该电极组件的电池和用电设备，以解决上述技术问题。
本申请实施例提供一种电极组件，包括第一极片、第二极片和隔离膜，所述第一极片上设有第一极耳，所述第二极片上设有第二极耳，所述隔离膜设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述第一极片、所述隔离膜和所述第二极片卷绕形成所述电极组件。所述电极组件还包括第三极耳，所述第三极耳设于所述第一极片。所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层，所述第一活性物质层设于所述第一集流体的表面以形成第一涂布区；沿第一方向，所述第一活性物质层呈带状延伸设置；所述第一极耳和所述第三极耳间隔设置于所述第一涂布区。沿所述第一极片的卷绕方向，所述第一极耳和所述第三极耳将所述第一涂布区分为第一部分、第二部分和第三部分，所述第一部分、所述第二部分和所述第三部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)，优选为1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2)。在本申请的实施例中，所述第一方向是极片在展开状态下的长度方向，也是电极组件的卷绕方向。
如此，上述电极组件通过在第一极片上增设第三极耳来对电流进行分流，并且第一极耳和第三极耳将第一涂布区按照预定比例分割，从而降低相邻极耳 之间的电阻的差异，充分发挥充电速度及温升降低的优势，以实现提升电极组件过流能力和降低电极组件温升的目的。
在一些实施例中，所述第一活性物质层上间隔设有第一槽和第三槽，所述第一极耳设于所述第一槽内，所述第三极耳设于所述第三槽内，沿所述第一方向，所述第一活性物质层的长度为L，所述第一槽与所述第三槽之间的距离为H，其中，|L/2-H|≤100mm，L≥700mm。如此，可以减少由于极耳间距离过小而发生短路的问题，同时也有利于第一极耳和第三极耳按照预设比例分割第一涂布区。其中，所述第一槽和所述第三槽由所述第一活性物质层缺失形成。根据本申请的一个实施方式，上述活性物质层缺失可以暴露集流体，或者暴露涂覆于集流体的表面的其他涂层。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，所述第一槽贯穿所述第一活性物质层，第一槽可以通过间隙涂布的方式形成在第一极片上，降低极片的制造工艺难度。所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。在极片展开状态下，第二方向指极片的宽度方向，也可以说是电极组件卷绕状态下的长度方向。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，所述第一槽的第一边缘与所述第一集流体的第一侧边齐平，所述第一槽的第二边缘与所述第一集流体的第二侧边间隔设置，有利于减少活性物质层的损失，维持电芯组件的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳的侧边与所述第一槽的侧边间隔设置，以减少极耳接触活性物质的问题。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳的侧边与所述第一槽的侧边之间的距离为2-2.5mm，以在设备的公差限度内安装第一极耳，并减少极耳接触活性物质的问题。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳的宽度为6-8mm，所述第一槽的宽度为10-13mm，以减少活性物质损失过多造成的电芯能量密度的影响。
在一些实施例中，所述第一极耳包括第一区段和第二区段，所述第一区段设于所述第一槽内，并连接所述第一集流体，所述第二区段朝向所述第一集流 体背离所述第一区段的一侧弯折设置，使弯折后的极耳对极片施加压力，有利于加强极耳与极片之间的连接关系，减少极耳因外力作用而与极片分离的问题。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向，所述第一集流体包括相对设置的第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第一极耳伸出所述第一侧边设置，所述第三极耳伸出所述第二侧边设置，使得电极组件卷绕成形后，第一极耳和第三极耳分别位于电极组件的相对两端，且第一极耳和第三极耳之间在第一方向的距离可以缩短，方便电池小型化发展。
在一些实施例中，所述第一极耳和所述第三极耳由所述第一集流体的部分侧表面超出所述第一集流体形成，具体地，第一极耳和第三极耳可以通过裁切第一集流体形成，如此，第一活性物质层的覆盖面积可以最大限度地保留，有利于提升电极组件的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，所述第二极片包括第二集流体和第二活性物质层，所述第二活性物质层设于所述第二集流体的表面以形成第二涂布区，所述第二极耳设于所述第二涂布区。
在一些实施例中，所述第二极耳将所述第二涂布区分为第四部分和第五部分，沿所述第二极片的卷绕方向，所述第四部分与所述第五部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5)，优选为1:(0.8-1.2)，有利于减少相邻极耳之间的内阻差异。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件还包括第四极耳，所述第四极耳设于所述第二涂布区，且所述第四极耳与所述第二极耳间隔设置，所述第二极耳和所述第四极耳将所述第二涂布区分为第四部分、第五部分和第六部分，沿所述第二极片的卷绕方向，所述第四部分、所述第五部分和所述第六部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)，优选为1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2)。如此，能够进一步对电流进行分流，降低电极组件的温升。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向，所述第一极耳、所述第二极耳和所述第三极耳在所述电极组件表面的投影不重叠；其中，所述第三方向与所述第一方向垂直。在本申请的实施例中，所述第三方向是电极组件的厚度方向，多个极耳交错设置可以减少极耳厚度叠加造成的电极组件厚度不均匀的问题，有利于改 善电极组件在多次充放电过程中发生变形的问题。
在一些实施例中，沿所述第三方向，相邻极耳之间至少间隔两层所述第一极片或所述第二极片，优选为间隔四层极片，有利于规避单层极片上多处贴胶，导致极片界面不一致出现循环界面问题。
在一些实施例中，第一极片为阴极片，第二极片为阳极片。所述第一极片的卷绕起始端集流体的相对两侧表面均设有第一活性物质层，以使第一极片的卷绕起始端形成双面区，所述第二极片的卷绕起始端集流体的相对两侧表面均未设置第二活性物质层，以使第二极片的卷绕起始端形成空箔区，如此，有利于减少析锂问题的产生。
在一些实施例中，第一极片和第二极片的卷绕起始端均为双面区，卷绕终止端为单面区过渡到空箔区的结构，有利于平衡两个极片上的活性物质，提升电极组件的能量密度。
本申请实施例同时提供一种电池，所述电池包括壳体和上述实施例所述的电极组件，所述电极组件设于所述壳体内。
本申请实施例同时提供一种用电设备，所述用电设备包括电路元件和上述实施例所述的电池，所述电路元件电连接所述电池。所述用电设备包括但不限于手机、电脑、移动终端等电子设备。
附图说明
图1是电极组件在一实施例中的卷绕结构示意图。
图2是图1所示电极组件中第一极片的展开结构的正视图和侧视图。
图3是图1所示电极组件中第二极片的展开结构的正视图和侧视图。
图4是图1所示电极组件的正视图。
图5是图1所示电极组件中第一极片和第二极片移除极耳后，极片两侧表面的结构示意图。
图6是第一极片在一实施例中，移除极耳后，极片两侧表面的结构示意图。
图7是一实施例中，极耳与极片的局部连接结构示意图。
图8是第一极片在一实施例中的两侧表面的结构示意图。
图9是第二极片在一实施例中的两侧表面的结构示意图。
图10是具有图8和图9所示极片的电极组件的卷绕结构示意图。
图11是图10所示电极组件的正视图。
图12是第一极片在一实施例中的两侧表面的结构示意图。
图13是第二极片在一实施例中的两侧表面的结构示意图。
图14是具有图12和图13所示极片的电极组件的卷绕结构示意图。
图15是图14所示电极组件的正视图。
图16是第一极片在一实施例中的两侧表面的结构示意图。
图17是第二极片在一实施例中的两侧表面的结构示意图。
图18是具有图16和图17所示极片的电极组件的卷绕结构示意图。
图19是图18所示电极组件的正视图。
图20是电极组件在一对比例中的结构示意图。
图21是图20所示电极组件中第一极片的正视图和侧视图。
图22是图20所示电极组件中第二极片的正视图和侧视图。
图23是图20所示电极组件的相邻极耳间内阻的检测结果直方图。
图24是图1所示电极组件的相邻极耳间内阻的检测结果直方图。
图25是电池在一实施例中的结构简图。
图26是用电设备在一实施例中的结构简图。
主要元件符号说明
电极组件                      100、200、300、400、100’
第一极片                      10
第一集流体                    11
第一部分                      111
第二部分                      112
第三部分                      113
第一侧边                      114
第二侧边                      115
第一活性物质层                12
第一槽                        121
第一边缘                        1211
第二边缘                        1212
第三槽                          122
第二极片                        20
第二集流体                      21
第四部分                        211
第五部分                        212
第六部分                        213
第二活性物质层                  22
第二槽                          221
隔离膜                          30
第一极耳                        40
第一区段                        41
第二区段                        42
第二极耳                        50
第三极耳                        60
第四极耳                        70
电池                            500
壳体                            501
用电设备                        600
电路元件                        601
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、 “底”、“内”、“外”、顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本发明。此外，本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。
请参阅图1、图2、图3和图4，本申请的第一实施例中，电极组件100包括第一极片10、第二极片20和隔离膜30。所述第一极片10和所述第二极片20的极性相反，所述隔离膜30设置于所述第一极片10和所述第二极片20之间，所述第一极片10、所述隔离膜30和所述第二极片20卷绕形成所述电极组件100。所述第一极片10上设有第一极耳40和第三极耳60，所述第一极耳40、所述第三极耳60及所述第一极片10的极性相同，所述第二极片20上设有第二极耳50，所述第二极耳50和所述第二极片20的极性相同。本申请的电极组件100通过并联第三极耳60来对流入电极组件100的电流进行分流，以提升电极组件100的过流能力。
具体地，请再次参阅图2，所述第一极片10包括第一集流体11和第一活性物质层12，所述第一活性物质层12设于所述第一集流体11的表面以形成第一涂布区。沿第一方向A，所述第一活性物质层12呈带状延伸设置，所述第一极耳40和所述第三极耳60间隔设置于所述第一涂布区。沿所述第一极片10的卷绕方向，即电极组件100的卷绕方向，所述第一极耳40和所述第三极耳60将所述第一涂布区分为第一部分111、第二部分112和第三部分113。所述第一部分111、所述第二部分112和所述第三部分113的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)，优选为1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2)。在本申请的实施例中，所述第 一方向A是极片在展开状态下的长度方向，也是电极组件100的卷绕方向。
进一步地，请再次参阅图3，所述第二极片20包括第二集流体21和第二活性物质层22，所述第二活性物质层22设于所述第二集流体21的表面以形成第二涂布区，所述第二极耳50设于所述第二涂布区。所述第二极耳50将所述第二涂布区分为第四部分211和第五部分212，沿所述第二极片20的卷绕方向，即所述电极组件100的卷绕方向，所述第四部分211与所述第五部分212的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5)，优选为1:(0.8-1.2)。
如此，上述电极组件100通过在第一极片10上增设第三极耳60来对电流实现并联分流，且第一极耳40、第二极耳50和第三极耳60分别将第一极片10和第二极片20上的活性物质层长度按照预定比例分割，能够降低相邻极耳之间的电阻的差异，让相邻极耳之间的内阻大致相同，充分发挥充电速度及温升降低的优势，以实现提升电极组件过流能力和降低电极组件温升的目的。
请参阅图2和图5，所述第一活性物质层12上间隔设有第一槽121和第三槽122，所述第一极耳40设于所述第一槽121内，所述第三极耳60设于所述第三槽122内。沿所述第一方向A，所述第一活性物质层12的长度为L，所述第一槽121与所述第三槽122之间的距离为H，其中，|L/2-H|≤100mm，L≥700mm。如此，可以减少由于极耳之间间距离过小而发生短路的问题，同时也有利于第一极耳40和第三极耳60按照预设比例分割第一涂布区。其中，所述第一槽121和所述第三槽122由所述第一活性物质层12缺失形成。根据本申请的一个实施方式，上述第一活性物质层12缺失可以暴露第一集流体11，或者暴露涂覆于第一集流体11的表面的其他涂层。
所述第二活性物质层22上设有第二槽221，所述第二极耳50设于所述第二槽221内。沿所述第一方向A，所述第二槽221大致位于所述第二活性物质层22的中间位置。其中，所述第二槽221由所述第二活性物质层22缺失形成。根据本申请的一个实施方式，上述第二活性物质层22缺失可以暴露第二集流体21，或者暴露涂覆于第二集流体21的表面的其他涂层。
为了维持活性物质层的均匀性，集流体上对应槽的位置处，两侧表面的活性物质层均缺失。也就是说，第一槽121、第二槽221和第三槽122内的集流体的两侧表面均未设置活性物质层，形成局部空箔区。
进一步地，沿第二方向B，所述第一槽121的第一边缘1211与所述第一集流 体11的第一侧边114齐平，所述第一槽121的第二边缘1212与所述第一集流体11的第二侧边115间隔设置，有利于减少活性物质层的损失，维持电芯组件的能量密度。所述第二方向B与所述第一方向A垂直。在极片展开状态下，所述第二方向B指极片的宽度方向，也可以说是电极组件100卷绕状态下的长度方向。所述第三槽122和所述第二槽221的结构与所述第一槽121的结构大致相同，此处不再赘述。
在第一极片10和第二极片20的制造过程中，可以在活性物质层涂覆在集流体表面之后，在活性物质层的对应位置用于化学试剂洗去部分活性物质，暴露集流体得到所述第一槽121、第二槽221和第三槽122；还可以在集流体涂覆活性物质层之前，在对应位置贴附胶带，待活性物质层涂覆至集流体表面后，撕除胶带以暴露集流体，从而得到所述第一槽121、第二槽221和第三槽122。
请参阅图6，在本申请的其中一实施例中，沿第二方向B，所述第一槽121贯穿所述第一活性物质层12。第一槽121可以通过间隙涂布的方式形成在第一极片10上，即按照预设程序将活性物质层间断式涂布在集流体表面，以形成第一槽121和第三槽122等，有利于降低极片的制造工艺难度。
请再次参阅图2和图3，沿所述第一方向A，所述第一极耳40的侧边与所述第一槽121的侧边间隔设置，以减少极耳接触活性物质的问题。具体地，所述第一极耳40的侧边与所述第一槽121的侧边之间的距离为2-2.5mm，以在设备的公差限度内安装第一极耳40，并减少极耳接触活性物质的问题。在本申请的实施例中，沿所述第一方向A，所述第一极耳40的宽度为6-8mm，所述第一槽121的宽度为10-13mm，以减少活性物质损失过多造成的电芯能量密度的影响。所述第二极耳50和第三极耳60的尺寸与第一极耳40大致相同，所述第二槽221和所述第三槽122的尺寸与所述第一槽121的尺寸大致相同。
请再次参阅图4，在第一实施例中，第一极片10为阴极片，第二极片20为阳极片，电极组件100卷绕成形后，第一极耳40、第二极耳50和第三极耳60位于电极组件100的同一端，且第二极耳50间隔设于所述第一极耳40和所述第三极耳60之间。
进一步地，沿第三方向C，所述第一极耳40、所述第二极耳50和所述第三极耳60在所述电极组件100表面的投影不重叠。其中，所述第三方向C与所述第一方向A垂直。在本申请的实施例中，所述第三方向C是电极组件100的厚 度方向，多个极耳交错设置可以减少极耳厚度叠加造成的电极组件厚度不均匀的问题，有利于改善电极组件在多次充放电过程中发生变形的问题。沿所述第三方向C，相邻极耳之间还至少间隔两层所述第一极片10或所述第二极片20，优选为间隔四层极片，有利于规避单层极片上多处贴胶，导致极片界面不一致出现循环界面问题。
请参阅图2和图7，进一步地，所述第一极耳40包括第一区段41和第二区段42，所述第一区段41设于所述第一槽121内，并连接所述第一集流体11，所述第二区段42朝向所述第一集流体11背离所述第一区段41的一侧弯折设置，使弯折后的极耳对极片施加压力，有利于加强极耳与极片之间的连接关系，减少极耳因外力作用而与极片分离的问题。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一极耳40和所述第三极耳60还可以由所述第一集流体11的部分侧表面超出所述第一集流体11形成。所述第二极耳50可以由所述第二集流体21的部分侧表面超出所述第二集流体21形成。具体地，第一极耳40和第三极耳60可以通过裁切第一集流体11形成，第二极耳50可以通过裁切第二集流体21形成，如此，第一活性物质层12和第二活性物质层22的覆盖面积可以最大限度地保留，有利于提升电极组件100的能量密度。
请参阅图8、图9、图10和图11，第二实施例的电极组件200与第一实施例的电极组件100大致相同，区别在于，第二实施例中，第一极片10为阳极片，对应的第一极耳40和第三极耳60为阳极耳，第二极片20为阴极片，对应的第二极耳50为阴极耳。电极组件200卷绕成形后，第一极耳40、第二极耳50和第三极耳60位于电极组件200的同一端，且第二极耳50间隔设于所述第一极耳40和所述第三极耳60之间。
请参阅图12、图13、图14和图15，第三实施例的电极组件300与第一实施例的电极组件100大致相同，区别在于，第三实施例中，沿第二方向B，所述第一极耳40伸出所述第一集流体11的第一侧边114设置，所述第三极耳60伸出所述第一集流体11的第二侧边115设置，所述第二极耳50在第二极片20上的设置方向与所述第一极耳40相同。电极组件300卷绕成形后，第二极耳50与第一极耳40位于电极组件300的同一端，第一极耳40和第三极耳60分别位于电极组件300的相对两端，且第一极耳40和第三极耳60之间在第一方向A的距离可以缩短，方便电池小型化发展。
请参阅图16、图17、图18和图19，第四实施例的电极组件400与第一实施例的电极组件100大致相同，区别在于，第四实施例中，所述电极组件400还包括第四极耳70，所述第四极耳70设于所述第二涂布区，且所述第四极耳70与所述第二极耳50间隔设置。所述第二极耳50和所述第四极耳70将所述第二涂布区分为第四部分211、第五部分212和第六部分213，沿所述第二极片的卷绕方向，所述第四部分211、所述第五部分212和所述第六部分213的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)，优选为1:(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2)。如此，能够进一步对电流进行分流，降低电极组件400的温升。
电极组件400卷绕成形后，第一极耳40、第二极耳50、第三极耳60和第四极耳70位于电极组件400的同一端，且第二极耳50和第四极耳70间隔设于所述第一极耳40和所述第三极耳60之间。
在本申请一些实施例中，第一极片10为阴极片，第二极片20为阳极片。所述第一极片10的卷绕起始端集流体的相对两侧表面均设有第一活性物质层12，以使第一极片10的卷绕起始端形成双面区。所述第二极片20的卷绕起始端集流体的相对两侧表面均未设置第二活性物质层22，以使第二极片20的卷绕起始端形成空箔区，如此，有利于减少电极组件内部析锂问题的产生。
在本申请一些实施例中，第一极片10和第二极片20的卷绕起始端均为双面区，卷绕终止端为单面区过渡到空箔区的结构，有利于平衡两个极片上的活性物质，提升电极组件的能量密度。
请参阅图20、图21和图22，在第一对比例中，电极组件100’与第一实施例的电极组件100大致相同，区别在于，第一对比例中，第一极耳40设于第一极片10卷绕起始端的空箔区，第三极耳60设于第一极片10的第一涂布区，第一极耳40和第三极耳60并未将第一涂布区按照预定比例进行分割。结合图23，可以看出，电极组件100’卷绕成形后，相邻极耳之间的内阻差异较大。请参阅图24，与第一对比例相比，第一实施例中电极组件100卷绕成形后，相邻极耳之间的内阻差异明显减小。
下面表格内容为第一实施例的电极组件100和第一对比例中电极组件100’在相同充电制度下，充电和温升数据的试验结果。
表1充电速度的试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022113229-appb-000001
从表1的数据可以看出，第一实施例的电极组件100在30min内的充电速度相比于第一对比例提升了3.2％，从而证明第一实施例的电极组件100通过将第一极耳40和第三极耳60按照预定比例设置于第一涂布区，减少相邻极耳之间的内阻差异，可以有效提高电极组件100的过流能力，从而提升电极组件100的充电速度。
表2温升数据的试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022113229-appb-000002
从表2的数据可以看出，第一实施例的电极组件100的温升数据相比于第一对比例降低了4.2℃，从而证明第一实施例的电极组件100通过将第一极耳40和第三极耳60按照预定比例设置于第一涂布区，减少相邻极耳之间的内阻差异，可以有效降低电极组件100的温升，提升电极组件100的安全性。
请参阅图25，本申请实施例同时提供一种电池500，所述电池500包括壳体501和上述任一实施例所述的电极组件，所述电极组件设于所述壳体501内。
请参阅图26，本申请实施例同时提供一种用电设备600，所述用电设备600包括电路元件601和上述实施例所述的电池500，所述电路元件601电连接所述电池500。所述用电设备600包括但不限于手机、电脑、移动终端等电子设备。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化涵括在本发明内。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电极组件：包括：
    第一极片，所述第一极片上设有第一极耳；
    第二极片，所述第二极片上设有第二极耳；和
    隔离膜，设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述第一极片、所述隔离膜和所述第二极片卷绕形成所述电极组件；
    其特征在于，所述电极组件还包括第三极耳，所述第三极耳设于所述第一极片；
    所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层，所述第一活性物质层设于所述第一集流体的表面以形成第一涂布区；沿第一方向，所述第一活性物质层呈带状延伸设置；所述第一极耳和所述第三极耳间隔设置于所述第一涂布区；
    沿所述第一极片的卷绕方向，所述第一极耳和所述第三极耳将所述第一涂布区分为第一部分、第二部分和第三部分，所述第一部分、所述第二部分和所述第三部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一活性物质层上间隔设有第一槽和第三槽，所述第一极耳设于所述第一槽内，所述第三极耳设于所述第三槽内，沿所述第一方向，所述第一活性物质层的长度为L，所述第一槽与所述第三槽之间的距离为H，其中，|L/2-H|≤100mm，L≥700mm；
    其中，所述第一槽和所述第三槽由所述第一活性物质层缺失形成。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿第二方向，所述第一槽贯穿所述第一活性物质层；所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿第二方向，所述第一槽的第一边缘与所述第一集流体的第一侧边齐平，所述第一槽的第二边缘与所述第一集流体的第二侧边间隔设置；其中，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳的侧边与所述第一槽的侧边间隔设置。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第一极耳的侧边与所述第一槽的侧边之间的距离为2-2.5mm。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第一 极耳的宽度为6-8mm，所述第一槽的宽度为10-13mm。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一极耳包括第一区段和第二区段，所述第一区段设于所述第一槽内，并连接所述第一集流体，所述第二区段朝向所述第一集流体背离所述第一区段的一侧弯折设置。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿第二方向，所述第一集流体包括相对设置的第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第一极耳伸出所述第一侧边设置，所述第三极耳伸出所述第二侧边设置。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第一极耳和所述第二极耳由所述第一集流体的部分侧表面超出所述第一集流体形成。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第二极片包括第二集流体和第二活性物质层，所述第二活性物质层设于所述第二集流体的表面以形成第二涂布区，所述第二极耳设于所述第二涂布区。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述第二极耳将所述第二涂布区分为第四部分和第五部分，沿所述第二极片的卷绕方向，所述第四部分与所述第五部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5)。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的电极组件，其特征在于，所述电极组件还包括第四极耳，所述第四极耳设于所述第二涂布区，且所述第四极耳与所述第二极耳间隔设置，所述第二极耳和所述第四极耳将所述第二涂布区分为第四部分、第五部分和第六部分，沿所述第二极片的卷绕方向，所述第四部分、所述第五部分和所述第六部分的长度比例为：1:(0.5-1.5):(0.5-1.5)。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿第三方向，所述第一极耳、所述第二极耳和所述第三极耳在所述电极组件表面的投影不重叠；其中，所述第三方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电极组件，其特征在于，沿所述第三方向，相邻极耳之间至少间隔两层所述第一极片或所述第二极片。
  16. 一种电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括壳体和权利要求1-15任一项所述的电极组件，所述电极组件设于所述壳体内。
  17. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，所述用电设备包括电路元件和权利要求16所述的电池，所述电路元件电连接所述电池。
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