WO2023011997A1 - Moteur thermique - Google Patents

Moteur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023011997A1
WO2023011997A1 PCT/EP2022/071006 EP2022071006W WO2023011997A1 WO 2023011997 A1 WO2023011997 A1 WO 2023011997A1 EP 2022071006 W EP2022071006 W EP 2022071006W WO 2023011997 A1 WO2023011997 A1 WO 2023011997A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
piston
fluid
heat
piston chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/071006
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Zeidler
Original Assignee
SCAFFIDI DOMIANELLO, Fabrizio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SCAFFIDI DOMIANELLO, Fabrizio filed Critical SCAFFIDI DOMIANELLO, Fabrizio
Publication of WO2023011997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023011997A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B31/00—Free-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids; Systems incorporating such pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/008—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being a fluid transmission link

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat engine for generating mechanical energy from heat, having a heating unit for heating a fluid, in particular air, a compressor unit for compressing the fluid and an expansion unit for expanding the fluid. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for generating mechanical energy from heat.
  • Corresponding heat engines are used in very different areas of technology such as, for example, to drive vehicles and aircraft, but also to mechanically drive other machines.
  • the starting point is usually thermal energy, which is obtained, for example, from the combustion of fuel and which can then be converted into mechanical energy by the heat engine.
  • corresponding heat engines have a heating unit and a compressor unit, in each of which the fluid is charged with energy. Thermal energy is supplied to the fluid in the heating unit, whereupon it heats up.
  • the fluid is condensed or compressed in the compressor unit.
  • the fluid After the fluid has been compressed and heated, it is expanded using an expansion unit, which means that the pressure is reduced again and the fluid also cools down again.
  • the mechanical energy obtained in the expansion unit can be used, for example, to directly drive a vehicle or alternatively to drive a generator, with which the mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy.
  • the compressor unit and the expansion unit can be mechanically coupled to one another via a shaft, for example, as is also known from turbomachines.
  • the fluid can admittedly then compress without an additional source of energy, but the compression reduces the mechanical energy that can be tapped at the expansion unit.
  • the invention therefore sets itself the task of specifying a heat engine of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized by increased efficiency. Furthermore, the invention sets itself the task of specifying a corresponding method for generating mechanical energy from heat.
  • the compressor unit is designed as a piston unit that is fluidly coupled to the heating unit and the expansion unit and has two piston chambers that are separated from one another by a piston, with the piston being arranged in the piston unit so that it can move freely.
  • the piston unit Due to the free movement of the piston in the piston unit, it is not necessary to actively drive the piston under the supply of external energy or by diverting energy obtained by the expander unit from the expansion of the fluid. Rather, the piston can move independently as a function of the pressure levels prevailing in the piston chambers.
  • the piston is not mechanically connected to driving or driven elements, but is only moved as a result of the fluid in the two piston chambers and any pressure differences.
  • the freely movable piston thus enables the fluid to be self-compressed, in that fluid at a higher pressure can be used to compress fluid at a lower pressure without any additional supply of energy from the outside.
  • the piston unit can be designed analogously to a heat exchanger as a passive pressure transmitter which, due to an overpressure in one of the two piston chambers, can compress the fluid in the other piston chamber.
  • the heating unit, the expansion unit and the piston unit are fluidly coupled to one another in such a way that fluid flowing out of the heating unit can flow into the first piston chamber and fluid flowing out of the expansion unit can flow into the second piston chamber.
  • the heating unit or an outlet of the heating unit can be connected or fluidly coupled to the first piston chamber and the expansion unit or an outlet of the expansion unit to the second piston chamber.
  • the fluid exiting the expander unit may be at a lower pressure than the fluid exiting the heating unit such that the lower pressure fluid is passively compressed in the piston unit by the higher pressure fluid.
  • the fluid coupling can be realized by lines such as pipes or hoses.
  • the piston seals the two piston chambers from one another. This refinement thus prevents fluid from flowing from one piston chamber past the piston and thus directly into the other piston chamber.
  • the piston can be mounted in a floating manner in the piston unit in such a way that it can only move back and forth in one direction.
  • the piston unit may be of cylindrical geometry and the piston may correspondingly have the shape of a circular disk which is free to reciprocate in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston unit.
  • the piston unit can have guides, in particular linear guides, in which the piston can be guided and can move back and forth depending on the prevailing pressures.
  • the heating unit, the piston unit and the expansion unit are closed to one another Main circuit are connected.
  • the fluid can circulate in this closed main circuit and have different pressures and temperatures, which will be explained in more detail below. Since this is a closed main circuit, the system must be sufficiently tight on the one hand, but at the same time no dirt can penetrate the system, so that reliable functioning is also guaranteed over a longer period of time.
  • the two piston chambers of the piston unit can each have an inlet and an outlet through which the fluid can flow into the corresponding piston chamber or out of it.
  • the heating unit can be fluidly coupled to an inlet of the first piston chamber and to an outlet of the second piston chamber and the expansion unit can be fluidly coupled to the outlet of the first piston chamber and the inlet of the second piston chamber. The fluid can thus flow in the main circuit from the heating unit via the first piston space to the expansion unit and after the expansion via the second piston space back to the heating unit.
  • the fluid in the main circuit can also be moved by the piston of the piston unit or by the after-running of the expansion unit and thus also in a passive manner without additional energy supply.
  • An additional pump or a corresponding compressor can be dispensed with.
  • the heating unit, the piston unit and the expansion unit can be connected to one another via pipes or hose lines in order to implement a fluid coupling.
  • valves in particular with two inlet valves and two exhaust valves.
  • Two valves in particular an inlet valve and an outlet valve, can be assigned to each piston chamber, so that the fluid flow can be controlled by opening the valves.
  • the valves can be controlled and switched automatically, for which they can be connected to a higher-level control unit.
  • the valves can be switching valves and not shut-off valves.
  • the valves can also be connected to sensors so that they are automatically opened and closed when the sensors detect certain threshold values.
  • the valves can open and close independently depending on the piston position or depending on the pressures prevailing in the piston chambers.
  • the valves can also ensure that the fluid cannot circulate against the direction of circulation in the main circuit.
  • they can have a non-return function and, for example, be designed with a non-return flap so that, for example, no fluid can flow from the second piston chamber back into the expansion unit or from the first piston chamber back into the heating unit.
  • additional non-return valves can also be integrated into the system in order to prevent fluid flows against the direction of circulation.
  • a bypass is provided in order to bypass the expansion unit.
  • the bypass can be equipped with a valve or a bypass flap, so that it can be controlled which proportion of the fluid located in the first piston chamber is expanded in the expansion unit.
  • the bypass can enable a short circuit between the input and the output of the expansion unit.
  • the bypass it is also possible for the bypass to be integrated only after a recovery heat exchanger, which will be explained in more detail below, or at least for a branch of the bypass. In this respect, it is also possible to control what proportion is routed via the recovery heat exchanger.
  • it can also be possible to use the bypass in the opposite direction, in order to possibly supply fluid that has not yet been completely expanded to the expansion unit again. Insufficient decompression in the expansion unit can, for example, arise due to short-circuit currents.
  • the bypass can thus improve both the efficiency and the controllability of the heat engine.
  • the heating unit it has proven to be advantageous if it can heat the fluid to a predetermined and, in particular, constant temperature.
  • the decisive energy input into the fluid can take place in the heating unit and this energy can then be at least partially converted into mechanical energy in the expansion unit.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a recovery heat exchanger is arranged between the expansion unit and the second piston chamber, with which heat can be extracted from the fluid flowing from the expansion unit into the second piston chamber.
  • the recovery heat exchanger can be connected upstream of the second piston chamber so that the fluid first flows through the recovery heat exchanger after expansion.
  • the recovery heat exchanger can be fluidly coupled to the expansion unit on the one hand and to the second piston chamber of the piston unit on the other hand, in particular via a pipe or hose connection.
  • the recovery heat exchanger can be designed as a countercurrent heat exchanger, with the heating section, ie the section from which heat is extracted, being part of the main circuit.
  • the recovery heat exchanger is fluidly coupled to the heating unit in such a way that the heat extracted by the recovery heat exchanger can be supplied to the heating unit as thermal heat.
  • the effectiveness or the efficiency of the heat engine can be further optimized by this configuration.
  • the cooling line, ie the line to which heat is supplied, of the recovery heat exchanger can be fluidly coupled to the heating unit, so that the heat extracted from the fluid of the main circuit can be used to heat the fluid of the main circuit in the heating unit.
  • this and the heating unit are connected to form a closed recovery circuit.
  • a recovery fluid can circulate in the recovery circuit, which fluid can flow back to the recovery heat exchanger after absorbing energy in the recovery heat exchanger and releasing the energy in the heating unit.
  • the recovery heat exchanger or the cooling line can be connected to the heating unit in particular via a pipe or hose line. Due to the high thermal capacity, the use of water, possibly with additives, has proven particularly useful as a fluid in the recovery cycle.
  • the recovery circuit can be equipped with a circulating pump, via which the fluid in the recovery circuit can be pumped back and forth between the recovery heat exchanger and the heating unit.
  • the recovery circuit or possibly also an additional recovery circuit is connected directly to the expansion unit.
  • the expansion unit can, for example, be equipped with an internal cooling circuit, e.g. based on oil, and the heat generated within the expansion unit can be dissipated via the or an additional recovery circuit and used to heat or preheat the fluid in the main circuit.
  • the heating unit is fluidly coupled to a heat generation unit, in particular a boiler, in order to provide thermal heat.
  • the heating unit can be supplied with heat energy by the heat generation unit in order to heat the fluid circulating in the main circuit.
  • the heating unit can also be designed as a heat exchanger in which heat provided by the heat generation unit and possibly also by the recovery fluid of the recovery circuit can be used to heat the fluid of the main circuit.
  • the heat generating unit can be a boiler, in particular a boiler that can be fired, in which a fluid or a heat transfer medium is heated and which is then fed to the heating unit.
  • waste heat can also be used, e.g. from domestic or industrial plants or power plants, or alternatively solar energy or naturally occurring temperature differences can be used to supply the heating unit and thus also the fluid of the main circuit with heat. It is also possible to use a heat pump to provide thermal energy.
  • the heat generation unit has a heat exchanger, in particular a direct evaporator, via which the working medium of the heat exchanger unit can be evaporated due to the fluid of the recovery circuit.
  • a heat exchanger in particular a direct evaporator
  • the temperature of the heat supplied by the recovery fluid can be increased via the evaporation and the heat generation unit.
  • the heat exchanger of the heat generation unit or the direct evaporator can also be part of the recovery cycle.
  • the recovery fluid can emit heat both in the heating unit and in the heat exchanger of the heat generation unit, which leads to increased efficiency.
  • the recovery fluid may flow from the recovery heat exchanger first to the heating unit and then to the heat exchanger of the heat generating unit.
  • the components can be fluidly coupled to one another by pipe or hose connections.
  • the additional recovery circuit can also be dispensed with.
  • the expansion unit can be connected to the heating unit and/or also to the direct evaporator, for example via a pipe or hose connection.
  • the expanded fluid is first guided past the piston unit so that its heat is transferred directly to the heating unit and/or the direct evaporator of the heat generation unit can give.
  • the heating unit or the direct evaporator can be connected to the inlet of the second piston chamber, so that the fluid can flow into the second piston chamber after the heat has been released.
  • the recovery heat exchanger can be dispensed with, which can have a positive effect on the efficiency.
  • the longer main circuit can result in greater pressure losses in the expanded fluid.
  • the fluid after expansion in the expansion unit can also conduct the fluid after expansion in the expansion unit to the direct evaporator, so that it can give off at least part of its heat there and then only subsequently conduct the fluid through a recovery heat exchanger.
  • the fluid after expansion, can also first be passed through the recovery heat exchanger and then through the direct evaporator before it flows into the second piston chamber.
  • the individual components can be connected to corresponding lines, for example in the form of pipes or hoses.
  • the main circuit be equipped with an expansion tank. Certain pressure and volume fluctuations in the main circuit can be regulated or dampened via the expansion tank.
  • the recovery circuit can also be equipped with a pressure equalization tank.
  • the pressure equalizing vessel can be connected to the recovery heat exchanger, for example.
  • the expansion unit it has proven to be advantageous if this is coupled to a generator for generating electrical energy.
  • mechanical energy e.g. in the form of kinetic or rotational energy of a shaft of the expansion unit
  • the electrical energy can be temporarily stored in an accumulator or used directly as useful energy.
  • the generator can be mechanically coupled to the expander unit, in particular via a shaft. According to an advantageous development of the expansion unit, it is proposed that this be designed as an expansion turbine, screw expander, scroll expander, piston expander or Wankel engine.
  • the fluid flows from the heating unit into the first piston chamber of the piston unit, as a result of which the piston is moved in the direction of the second piston chamber and the fluid located in the second piston chamber is compressed.
  • the fluid can be heated to a certain temperature in the heating unit, which also increases the pressure of the fluid.
  • the inlet valve of the first piston chamber can be opened so that the heated fluid can flow into the first piston chamber.
  • the other three valves of the piston unit can be closed. Since the heating unit continuously delivers heated fluid, the pressure and temperature of the fluid located in the first piston space can remain constant even when the piston moves and the first piston space is enlarged as a result.
  • the heating unit can be designed as a reservoir with a comparatively large volume.
  • the inflowing fluid allows the piston to move in the direction of the second piston chamber and thereby compress the fluid located in the second piston chamber.
  • the compression can lead to an increase in the temperature of the fluid in the second piston chamber.
  • the piston can move in the direction of the second piston chamber.
  • the piston does not stop in the equilibrium position when the pressure in the two piston chambers is identical, but moves on continuously, thereby reducing the volume of the second piston chamber.
  • the fluid located in the second piston chamber can flow from the second piston chamber into the heating unit after compression.
  • the outlet valve of the second piston chamber can be opened for this purpose and the compressed fluid in the second piston chamber can be conveyed through the outlet valve into the heating unit by the piston moving further in the direction of the second piston chamber due to inertia. Due to the compression, the fluid located in the second piston chamber can have approximately the same pressure as the fluid flowing out of the heating unit when it flows into the heating unit. However, the temperature can be lower.
  • the inflowing fluid can be heated in the heating unit and can flow into the first piston chamber.
  • the piston can move further in the direction of the second piston chamber and continuously reduce its volume.
  • the volume of the second piston chamber can have shrunk to a minimum.
  • the fluid in the second piston chamber can no longer be compressed, but a movement of the piston can then lead to the fluid located in the lower piston chamber being conveyed into the heating unit.
  • the volume of the second piston chamber is zero at the end of this process and the piston unit or the first piston chamber is completely filled with heated and pressurized fluid.
  • the fluid located in the first piston chamber can be expanded in the expansion unit.
  • the inlet valve of the first piston chamber and the outlet valve of the second piston chamber can first be closed and then the outlet valve of the first piston chamber can be opened. Due to the higher pressure, the fluid can flow through the expansion unit and e.g. rotate a shaft of the expanding unit. Due to this relaxation, the pressure of the fluid can drop, which can also be accompanied by cooling at the same time.
  • the thermal energy and the pressure energy of the fluid can be at least partially converted into mechanical energy.
  • the fluid can flow into the second piston chamber and the piston can thereby be moved in the direction of the first piston chamber.
  • the inlet valve of the second piston chamber can be opened.
  • the inflowing fluid and the after-running of the expansion unit or a rotatable shaft of the expansion unit can create a suction effect in the first piston chamber, as a result of which the piston can be moved in the direction of the first piston chamber.
  • the size of the first piston chamber can thus decrease continuously and the size of the second piston chamber can increase continuously.
  • the piston can be in an end position and the entire piston unit can be filled with relaxed fluid.
  • the volume of the first piston space can advantageously be zero, so that no further fluid remains in the first piston space.
  • the inlet valve of the second piston chamber can be closed and then the inlet valve of the first piston chamber can be opened.
  • reheated fluid can flow into the first piston chamber and the expanded fluid in the second piston chamber can be compressed by the piston.
  • heat is withdrawn from the fluid after the expansion and before it enters the second piston chamber.
  • This heat extraction allows the fluid to flow into the second piston chamber at a lower temperature.
  • the extracted heat is used to heat the compressed fluid.
  • the heat can be withdrawn from the expanded fluid and then given back to the fluid after compression in the piston unit.
  • it can flow into the second piston chamber before it flows passed through the recovery heat exchanger.
  • the extracted heat can be transferred to the recovery fluid via the recovery heat exchanger and thus transferred to the compressed fluid via the recovery circuit, for example by the recovery fluid releasing the heat to the heating unit. This process increases the efficiency.
  • the recovery fluid not only gives off the absorbed heat to the heating unit, but also to the heat generation unit, e.g. the direct evaporator of a heat pump, which is coupled to the heating unit and provides heating capacity for the heating unit, as explained above became.
  • the heat generation unit e.g. the direct evaporator of a heat pump, which is coupled to the heating unit and provides heating capacity for the heating unit, as explained above became.
  • Air in particular pre-compressed air, ie air with a pressure above the ambient pressure, can be used as the working medium or as the fluid of the main circuit.
  • Helium has also turned out to be advantageous with regard to the degree of efficiency to be achieved.
  • a phase transition in the main circuit is advantageously not provided.
  • other working media can also be used, such as, for example, other gases or steam.
  • FIG. 2 shows a heat engine according to FIG. 1 with an additional recovery circuit
  • FIG. 3 shows a heat engine according to FIG. 2 with an expanded recovery circuit.
  • a heat engine 10 can be used to generate mechanical energy from thermal energy in the form of heat, which can then be converted into electrical energy, for example can be converted.
  • a schematic representation of a corresponding heat engine 10 for generating mechanical energy from heat is shown in the representation of FIG. 1 .
  • the heat engine 10 essentially consists of three main components, namely a heating unit 1, an expansion unit 2 and a piston unit 3. These three components are connected to form a closed main circuit H, so that the working medium can circulate between these three components. Air is used as the working medium, which has different pressures and temperatures at different points in the process. A phase transition, however, does not take place.
  • the air is first heated to a certain temperature, for example 60 degrees Celsius.
  • a certain temperature for example 60 degrees Celsius.
  • the valves 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 are shown in FIG. 2 and are also provided in the piston unit 3 according to FIG.
  • the piston unit 3 essentially consists of a cylindrical container in which a disk-shaped piston 3.3 is accommodated in a linearly movable manner.
  • the piston 3.3 thus separates the container into two chambers, namely a first piston chamber 3.1, which is arranged above the piston 3.3 according to the representation in FIG. 1 and a second piston chamber 3.2 arranged below the piston 3.3 according to the representation in FIG .
  • the Piston 3.3. is arranged in the piston unit 3 so that it can move freely, so that it can move back and forth only because of the pressure levels prevailing in the two piston chambers 3.1, 3.2. There is no direct connection between the two piston chambers 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the piston 3.3 is in an upper end position, so that the volume of the first piston chamber 3.1 is very small and the volume of the second piston chamber 3.2 is correspondingly large.
  • the air heated in the heating unit 1 flows through the opening of the inlet valve 3.4 into the first piston chamber 3.1 and in the process presses the piston 3.3 downwards. This is due to the fact that the pressure in the heating unit 1 is higher than the pressure of the air in the lower piston chamber 3.2, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • the pressure in the heating unit 1 can be, for example, approx. 22.73 bar and the pressure in the second piston chamber 3.2 can be, for example, 20 bar. This pressure difference moves the piston 3.3 in the direction R2, as is also illustrated in the illustration in FIG.
  • the air in the lower piston chamber 3.2 has the same pressure as the air in the upper piston chamber 3.1 and this is also heated during the compression, but the temperature of the air is significantly lower and after compression it can be 30.91 degrees, for example be centigrade.
  • this colder air then flows into the heating unit 1, it is heated there to around 60 degrees Celsius. Due to the mass inertia, the piston 3.3 continues to fall during this inflow process until it has reached the lower end position and the piston 3.3 reaches very close to the bottom of the piston unit 3. The volume of the first piston chamber 3.1 is then at its maximum.
  • the two valves 3.4 and 3.7 are closed and the outlet valve 3.5 is opened.
  • the piston unit 3 or the first piston chamber 3.1 is connected to the expansion unit 2.
  • the heated and pressurized air flows into the expansion unit 2 and is expanded there, as a result of which a shaft, which is not shown in the diagrammatic representation, is driven and in this respect mechanical energy is generated.
  • the corresponding shaft of the expansion unit 2 can be connected to a generator, not shown in the figures, which can convert the mechanical energy generated into electrical energy.
  • the pressure after relaxation can be about 20 bar and the temperature can be about 20 degrees Celsius.
  • the inlet valve 3.6 is opened so that the expanded air can flow into the second piston chamber 3.2. Because of the expansion, the pressure in both piston chambers 3.1, 3.2 is roughly the same, but the overrun of the expansion unit 2 ensures that the piston 3.3 is moved in the direction of R1 and thus in the direction of the first piston chamber 3.1. There is no compression or expansion, but basically only a promotion of the air from the first piston chamber 3.1 into the second piston chamber 3.2. When the piston 3.3 then reaches its upper end position and the second piston space 3.2 thus reaches its maximum volume and is filled with relaxed air at a pressure of, for example, 20 bar, the valves 3.5 and 3.6 are closed again.
  • a cycle is now complete and a new cycle can be started by opening the inlet valve 3.1, so that air from the heating unit 1 at, for example, approx. 60 degrees Celsius and 22.73 bar can flow into the first piston chamber 3.1 and Air can compress in the lower piston chamber 3.2.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a heat engine 10 which has an extension in the form of a recovery circuit R compared to the heat engine 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the basic mode of operation of the heat engine 10 and the function of the piston unit 3 correspond to the configuration according to FIG. 1, so that reference is made to the above statements in this regard.
  • the expanded air according to FIG. Heat is extracted from the air in the recovery heat exchanger 4 and the air is cooled, so that the temperature of the air flowing into the second piston chamber 3.2 is somewhat lower in the heat engine 10 according to FIG. 2 than in the heat engine 10 according to FIG.
  • the heat extracted from the air is transferred via the recovery heat exchanger 4 to a recovery fluid, in particular water, which is heated in the recovery heat exchanger 4 in this respect.
  • the warmed-up recovery fluid is transported from the recovery heat exchanger 4 to the heating unit 1 in order to correspondingly heat up or at least preheat the air flowing out of the piston unit 3 there.
  • the required additional heating power of the heating unit 1 can be reduced as a result.
  • Heat can thus be withdrawn from the expanded air via the circulating recovery fluid or the recovery circuit R and then fed back to the compressed air.
  • a pump can be integrated into the recovery circuit R, but this is not shown in the illustration in FIG.
  • a heat generation unit 5 can be seen in FIG. 2, which can be a heat pump, for example.
  • This heat generating unit 5 can provide heating power to heat the air in the heating unit 1 .
  • a combined provision of heat output takes place in the heating unit 1, namely both by the heat generation unit 5 and at least to a certain extent by the recovery fluid circulating in the recovery circuit R.
  • the recovery circuit R has been expanded. Because the recovery fluid does not flow directly back to the recovery heat exchanger 4 after the heating unit 1, but first into a direct evaporator 5.1 of the heat generation unit 5. In the direct evaporator 5.1, small amounts of heat can also be extracted from the recovery fluid, which overall increases the efficiency of the recovery circuit R . The heat extracted from the recovery fluid in the direct evaporator 5.1 can in turn be used in the heat generation unit 5 to generate heat at a higher temperature, with which the air of the main circuit H can then be heated accordingly in the heating unit 1.
  • an expansion tank 6 is provided in the heat engine 10 according to FIG. 3, which ensures that the pressure is kept as constant as possible.
  • the expansion tank 6 can be integrated into the main circuit H.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur thermique (10) destiné à générer de l'énergie mécanique à partir de la chaleur, comprenant une unité de chauffe (1) servant à chauffer un fluide, en particulier de l'air, une unité de compression servant à comprimer le fluide et une unité d'expansion (2) servant à détendre le fluide. Selon l'invention, l'unité de compression est réalisée sous la forme d'une unité à piston (3) en communication fluidique avec l'unité de chauffe (1) et l'unité d'expansion (2), et comprend deux chambres de piston (3.1, 3.2) séparées l'une de l'autre par l'intermédiaire d'un piston (3.3), ledit piston (3.3) étant disposé dans l'unité à piston (3) de manière à pouvoir se déplacer librement. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de génération d'énergie mécanique qui est mis en oeuvre au moyen d'un moteur thermique (10) correspondant.
PCT/EP2022/071006 2021-07-31 2022-07-26 Moteur thermique WO2023011997A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021003950.5 2021-07-31
DE102021003950 2021-07-31
DE102021129625 2021-11-12
DE102021129625.0 2021-11-12

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2912857A1 (de) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-02 Lothar Coenen Kaeltemotor
WO2008154730A1 (fr) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-24 Klassen James B Machine et procédé de transfert d'énergie
CN102562195A (zh) * 2011-01-12 2012-07-11 王政玉 一种热泵式发动机

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2912857A1 (de) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-02 Lothar Coenen Kaeltemotor
WO2008154730A1 (fr) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-24 Klassen James B Machine et procédé de transfert d'énergie
CN102562195A (zh) * 2011-01-12 2012-07-11 王政玉 一种热泵式发动机

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