WO2023010723A1 - 光学系统和头戴显示设备 - Google Patents

光学系统和头戴显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023010723A1
WO2023010723A1 PCT/CN2021/133798 CN2021133798W WO2023010723A1 WO 2023010723 A1 WO2023010723 A1 WO 2023010723A1 CN 2021133798 W CN2021133798 W CN 2021133798W WO 2023010723 A1 WO2023010723 A1 WO 2023010723A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
light
optical system
beam splitting
dichroic
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PCT/CN2021/133798
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘风磊
杨春
赵博刚
胡守岩
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歌尔光学科技有限公司
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Application filed by 歌尔光学科技有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔光学科技有限公司
Priority to US18/681,347 priority Critical patent/US20240337848A1/en
Publication of WO2023010723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023010723A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/0068—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration having means for controlling the degree of correction, e.g. using phase modulators, movable elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
    • G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
    • G02B27/0955—Lenses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of optical display, in particular to an optical system and a head-mounted display device.
  • the Head Mount Display can provide users with an immersive virtual screen experience.
  • the thickness is reduced through multiple optical path deflection.
  • a light splitting device is provided in the head-mounted display device, and the light splitting device has a certain optical power.
  • the head-mounted display device is also provided with a compensation device to compensate the optical power of the light splitting device.
  • the compensation device there is a gap between the outer edges of the compensation device and the light splitting device, and the light is deflected or scattered when passing through the gap, and the user can see the splicing gap between the two when wearing the head-mounted display device. When the light is deflected by the gap, the imaging effect of the picture will be affected.
  • an optical system which includes:
  • the first lens has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the first lens also includes a light coupling end surface, and the light coupling end surface is connected to the first surface and the second surface two surfaces;
  • a polarizing reflector is arranged on the side of the first lens away from the light coupling end surface, the light is incident into the first lens from the light coupling end surface, and the light passes at least through the first one of the surface and the second surface reflects to the polarizing reflector;
  • the dichroic lens is disposed on one side of the second surface of the first lens
  • the second lens is a compensation lens
  • the second lens is arranged between the beam splitting lens and the first lens, and the second lens is used to compensate the optical power of the beam splitting lens; as well as
  • a phase retarder is arranged on the dichroic lens or the second lens
  • the second lens includes a main part and an extension part
  • the main part is arranged corresponding to the middle area of the dichroic lens
  • the The extension part extends from the main body part toward the outer edge of the beam splitting lens, and the outer edge of the extension part is aligned with the outer edge of the beam splitting lens.
  • the optical system further includes a correction lens, the correction lens is used to correct the aberration of external light, and the correction lens is arranged on the side of the first lens away from the light coupling end face, the A polarizing reflector is disposed between the first lens and the correction lens.
  • the correction lens has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite to each other, the third surface is on the same plane as the first surface, and the fourth surface is on the same plane as the second surface.
  • the second surface of the first lens has a first end point connected to the light coupling end surface
  • the fourth surface of the correction lens has a second end point far away from the first end point, so One end of the outer edge of the beam splitting lens is aligned with the first endpoint, and the other end of the outer edge of the beam splitting lens is aligned with the second endpoint.
  • the polarizing reflector is a polarizing reflective film
  • the polarizing reflective film is provided on the correction lens
  • the first lens is glued to the correction lens.
  • the phase retarder is disposed on the dichroic lens, the dichroic lens is cemented with the second lens, and the second lens is disposed at a distance from the first lens.
  • the dichroic lens includes a plano-concave lens and a dichroic film, the concave surface of the plano-concave lens faces the second lens, and the dichroic film is arranged between the phase retarder and the concave surface of the plano-concave lens .
  • the second lens is a plano-convex lens
  • the plano-convex lens has a convex surface facing the dichroic lens and a flat surface facing away from the dichroic lens.
  • the first surface and the second surface are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the present invention also provides a head-mounted display device, the head-mounted display device includes a display and the above-mentioned optical system, and the display is arranged on the light coupling end surface of the first lens.
  • the light is coupled into the first lens through the light-introducing end surface, the light is totally reflected between the first surface and the second surface, and then directed to the polarizing reflector.
  • the polarization direction of the light is perpendicular to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing reflector, and the light is reflected to the second surface.
  • the first lens it passes through the phase retarder, and the light is converted into circularly polarized light, and the light is reflected after passing through the beam splitter lens, and the rotation direction of the circularly polarized light changes, from left-handed to right-handed, or right-handed. into a left-handed.
  • the light After the light passes through the phase retarder again, the light is converted from a circularly polarized state to a linearly polarized state, and when the linearly polarized light enters the polarizing reflector for the second time, the polarization direction of the light is in the same direction as the transmission axis of the polarizing reflector.
  • the light transmits through the first lens and enters the human eye.
  • the second lens is used for compensating the optical power of the dichroic lens. If the optical power of the dichroic lens is positive, then the optical power of the second lens is negative. The refractive power of the dichroic lens is negative, and the refractive power of the second lens is positive.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the optical system of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the optical system in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the position of the butt joint gap in the related art
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the effect produced by the butt joint gap in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the optical system in FIG. 1 .
  • connection and “fixation” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixation” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • fixation can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • the outer edges of the compensating device and the light splitting device are abutted at position A and position B, and there is a gap between them.
  • the light is deflected or scattered when passing through this gap, as shown in Figure 4, when the user wears the head-mounted display device, he can see the splicing gap C between the two.
  • the compensation device has a circular structure, the resulting splicing gap is also is round.
  • the light deflected by the gap affects the imaging effect of the picture.
  • the present embodiment provides an optical system
  • the optical system includes: a first lens 10, a beam splitting lens 20, a second lens 30 and a phase retarder (not shown) and Polarizing reflector (not shown).
  • the first lens 10 has a first surface 110 and a second surface 120 oppositely arranged, the first lens 10 includes a light coupling end face 130, the light coupling end face 130 is connected to the first surface 110 and the second surface 120, the light 510 is transmitted by the light
  • the coupling end surface 130 is incident into the first lens 10 , the light 510 is transmitted from the optically denser medium to the optically rarer medium, the incident angle is greater than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection, and the light 510 satisfies the total reflection condition of light on the first surface 110 .
  • the light 510 is reflected toward the second surface 120 by the action of the first surface 110 .
  • the light 510 also satisfies the total reflection condition of light on the second surface 120 , and the light 510 is reflected again under the action of the second surface 120 .
  • the first lens 10 can be understood as a waveguide structure.
  • the polarizing reflector is arranged on the side of the first lens 10 away from the light coupling end surface 130, the light 510 is incident on the first lens 10 from the light coupling end surface 130, and the light is reflected by at least one of the first surface 110 and the second surface 120
  • a polarizing reflector wherein, the first lens 10 has a first cemented end face 140, the first cemented end face 140 is arranged on the side of the first lens 10 away from the light coupling end face 130, and the polarizing reflector can be arranged on the first cemented end face 140 It can also be arranged at a distance from the first glued end surface 140 .
  • the dichroic lens 20 is disposed on one side of the second surface 120 of the first lens 10 ; the function of the dichroic lens 20 is to split the incident light 510 , for example, reflect a part of the light 510 and transmit the other part of the light 510 .
  • the ratio of reflection and transmission is adjustable, and the ratio of reflection and transmission can be 1:2, or 1:1, or 2:1, etc.
  • the second lens 30 is arranged between the beam splitting lens 20 and the first lens 10, the second lens is a compensation lens, and the second lens is used to compensate the optical power of the beam splitting lens 20; the optical system in this embodiment is applied to a head-mounted display
  • the display principle of the head-mounted display device includes AR (Augmented Reality, Augmented Reality) display.
  • AR display the internal light 510 needs to be converged or diffused, so the dichroic lens 20 has a certain optical power.
  • AR display also requires external light to enter the interior of the head-mounted display device. In order to ensure that the external light can smoothly enter the human eye in parallel, it is necessary to compensate the optical power of the dichroic lens 20 .
  • the arrangement between the dichroic lens 20 and the second lens 30 includes glued arrangement and spaced arrangement.
  • the phase retarder can be arranged on the dichroic lens 20, and can also be arranged on the second lens 30.
  • the second lens 30 includes a main body 310 and an extension 320.
  • the main body 310 is arranged corresponding to the middle area of the dichroic lens 20, and the extension 320 extends from the main body 310 toward the outer edge of the beam splitting lens 20 , and the outer edge of the extending portion 320 is aligned with the outer edge of the beam splitting lens 20 . It can be known from the fact that the outer edge of the extension part 320 is aligned with the outer edge of the dichroic lens 20 that the relative cross-sectional areas of the two are equal. This avoids misalignment of the outer edge positions.
  • the phase retarder is used to change the polarization state of the light 510, for example, convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, or convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light.
  • the phase retarder is a film structure or an independent device.
  • the phase retarder with film layer structure is beneficial to reduce the volume of the overall optical system.
  • the phase retarder includes a quarter-wave plate.
  • the light 510 is coupled into the first lens 10 through the light-introducing end surface 130 , the light 510 is totally reflected between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 , and goes toward the polarizing reflector.
  • the polarization direction of the light 510 is perpendicular to the transmission axis direction of the polarizing reflector, and the light 510 is reflected to the second surface 120 .
  • the light 510 After the light 510 is transmitted through the first lens 10, it passes through the phase retarder, and the light 510 is converted into circularly polarized light, and the light 510 is reflected after passing through the beam splitter lens 20, and the rotation direction of the circularly polarized light changes, from left-handed to right-handed, Or right-handed to left-handed.
  • the light 510 After the light 510 passes through the phase retarder again, the light 510 is converted from a circularly polarized state to a linearly polarized state, and when the linearly polarized light 510 is incident on the polarizing reflector for the second time, the polarization direction of the light 510 and the transmission axis of the polarizing reflector The directions are in the same direction, and the light 510 transmits through the first lens 10 and enters the human eye.
  • the second lens 30 is used for compensating the optical power of the dichroic lens 20 , if the optical power of the dichroic lens 20 is positive, then the optical power of the second lens 30 is negative.
  • the refractive power of the dichroic lens 20 is negative, and the refractive power of the second lens 30 is positive.
  • the optical system when external light is transmitted to the waveguide structure, different colors of light have different refractive indices, and dispersion is likely to occur. Dispersion can be understood as chromatic aberration, which is a type of aberration.
  • the optical system also includes a correction lens 40, which is used to correct the aberration of external light.
  • the correction lens 40 is arranged on the side of the first lens 10 away from the light coupling end face 130, and the polarizing reflector is arranged on the first lens 10. between the lens and the correction lens.
  • the correction lens 40 can be glued on the first lens 10 .
  • the correcting lens 40 has a second cemented end face 410, optical glue is arranged on the second cemented end face 410, and the second cemented end face 410 of the correcting lens 40 and the first cemented end face 140 of the first lens 10 are butted and glued to complete the correcting lens 40 fixed.
  • the polarizing reflector can also be disposed on the correcting lens 40 at this time, and the polarizing reflector can be a polarizing reflective film attached to the correcting lens or a film structure directly coated on the correcting lens.
  • the correction lens 40 has a third surface 420 and a fourth surface 430 oppositely disposed, the third surface 420 is on the same plane as the first surface 110 , and the fourth surface 430 is on the same plane as the second surface 120 . It can be seen that the splicing and alignment of the correction lens 40 and the first lens 10 is facilitated, and the correction lens 40 and the first lens 10 form an integral structure.
  • the second surface 120 of the first lens 10 has a first end point 121 connected to the light coupling end face 130
  • the fourth surface 430 of the correction lens 40 has a second end point 431 away from the first end point 121
  • the outer surface of the dichroic lens 20 One end of the edge is aligned with the first end point 121
  • the other end of the outer edge of the dichroic lens 20 is aligned with the second end point 431 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the surface of the dichroic lens 20 or the second lens 30 facing the first lens 10 is equal to the sum of the areas of the second surface 120 and the fourth surface 430 . It can also be understood that the orthographic projection area of the dichroic lens 20 or the second lens 30 covers the second surface 120 and the fourth surface 430 .
  • the polarizing reflector is a polarizing reflective film
  • the polarizing reflective film is arranged on the correcting lens 30
  • the first lens 10 is glued to the correcting lens 30 .
  • the polarizing reflective film has a transmission axis of the light 510 , and the light 510 can pass through only when the polarization direction of the light 510 is the same as the transmission axis of the light 510 .
  • the light 510 with other polarization directions encounters the deflection reflective film, the light 510 will be reflected.
  • the light 510 incident on the first lens 10 is linearly polarized light, and the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the light 510 of the polarizing reflective film.
  • the polarizing reflector is a film structure, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of the optical system.
  • the phase retarder is arranged on the beam splitter lens 20, and the beam splitter lens 20 and the second lens 30 are glued together, and the overall volume of the optical system can be effectively reduced by glued together.
  • the second lens 30 is spaced apart from the first lens 10 , so that an air space is formed between the second lens 30 and the first lens 10 . It is ensured that when the light 510 is incident on the second surface 120 , the light 510 is directed from the optically denser medium to the optically thinner medium, thereby ensuring that the light 510 is totally reflected on the second surface 120 .
  • the dichroic lens 20 includes a plano-concave lens and a dichroic film (not shown).
  • the light-splitting film includes a transflective film, and the phase retarder and the light-splitting film can be arranged on the light-splitting lens 20 or on the second lens.
  • the phase retarder and the beam splitting film can be pasted on the concave surface of the plano-concave lens, or can be coated.
  • the pasting method is simple and easy to operate. The method of coating can improve the compactness of the film layer and make the film layer stronger.
  • the second lens 30 is a plano-convex lens.
  • the plano-convex lens has a convex surface facing the beam splitting lens 20 and a flat surface facing away from the beam splitting lens 20 .
  • the phase retarder and the beam splitting film can be arranged on the second lens 30 .
  • the phase retarder and the beam splitting film can be pasted on the convex surface of the plano-convex lens, or can be coated.
  • the pasting method is simple and easy to operate. The method of coating can improve the compactness of the film layer and make the film layer stronger.
  • the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 are arranged parallel to each other. Therefore, it is ensured that when the light 510 is reflected between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120, the incident angle satisfies the critical angle of total reflection. Moreover, the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 are parallel, and the overall structure of the first lens 10 is also more compact. In addition, the extension direction of the light coupling end surface 130 gradually moves away from the second lens 30, it can also be said that the angle between the light coupling end surface 130 and the first surface 110 is an acute angle, and the angle between the light coupling end surface 130 and the second surface 120 is obtuse angle.
  • the light coupling end surface 130 and the first glued end surface 140 are also arranged parallel to each other. Furthermore, it can be seen that the included angle between the first glued end surface 140 and the first surface 110 is an obtuse angle, and the included angle between the first glued end surface 40 and the second surface 120 is an acute angle.
  • the present invention also provides a head-mounted display device.
  • the head-mounted display device includes a display 50 and an optical system as described above.
  • the display 50 is arranged on the light coupling end surface 130 of the first lens 10 .
  • the light 510 emitted by the display 50 is linearly polarized light, and the light 510 in the linearly polarized state is directed toward the first surface 110 of the first lens 10 .

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

一种光学系统和头戴显示设备。其中，光学系统包括：第一透镜(10)具有相对设置的第一表面(110)和第二表面(120)，第一透镜(10)包括光线耦入端面(130)，光线耦入端面(130)连接于第一表面(110)和第二表面(120)；偏振反射器设于第一透镜(10)远离光线耦入端面(130)的一侧；分光透镜(20)设于第一透镜(10)的第二表面(120)的一侧；第二透镜(30)设于分光透镜(20)和第一透镜(10)之间；位相延迟器设于分光透镜(20)或第二透镜(30)，第二透镜(30)包括主体部(310)和延伸部(320)，主体部(310)对应分光透镜(20)的中间区域设置，延伸部(320)自主体部(310)向分光透镜(20)的外边缘方向延伸，且延伸部(320)的外边缘与分光透镜(20)的外边缘对齐。这种光学系统能够避免缝隙的产生，保证头戴显示设备的成像效果。

Description

光学系统和头戴显示设备 技术领域
本发明涉及光学显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种光学系统和头戴显示设备。
背景技术
在头戴显示设备(Head Mount Display)能够为用户提供身临其境的虚拟画面体验。为了减小头戴显示设备的体积，通过多次光路折转降低厚度。为了保证顺利完成多次光路折转，在头戴显示设备中设置分光器件，分光器件具有一定的光焦度。并且为了保证外界的光线能够透射入头戴显示设备，头戴显示设备还设置有补偿器件来对分光器件的光焦度进行补偿。但是补偿器件和分光器件两者的外边缘对接位置存在缝隙，光线在经过这个缝隙位置出现偏折或散射，用户在佩戴头戴显示设备时能够看到两者的拼接缝隙，导致用户在观看画面时，缝隙偏折的光线影响画面的成像效果。
发明内容
基于此，针对目前的头戴显示设备中补偿器件和分光器件两者的外边缘对接位置存在缝隙，用户在佩戴头戴显示设备时缝隙偏折的光线影响画面的成像效果的问题，有必要提供一种光学系统和头戴显示设备，旨在能够避免缝隙的产生，保证头戴显示设备的成像效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种光学系统，所述光学系统包括：
第一透镜，所述第一透镜具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一透镜还包括光线耦入端面，所述光线耦入端面连接于所述第一表面和所述第二表面；
偏振反射器，所述偏振反射器设于所述第一透镜远离所述光线耦入端面的一侧，光线由所述光线耦入端面入射所述第一透镜内，光线至少经过所述第一表面和所述第二表面其中之一反射至所述偏振反射器；
分光透镜，所述分光透镜设于所述第一透镜的第二表面的一侧；
第二透镜，所述第二透镜为补偿透镜，所述第二透镜设于所述分光透镜和所述第一透镜之间，所述第二透镜用于补偿所述分光透镜的光焦度；以及
位相延迟器，所述位相延迟器设于所述分光透镜或所述第二透镜，所述第二透镜包括主体部和延伸部，所述主体部对应所述分光透镜的中间区域设置，所述延伸部自所述主体部向所述分光透镜的外边缘方向延伸，且所述延伸部的外边缘与所述分光透镜的外边缘对齐。
可选地，所述光学系统还包括校正透镜，所述校正透镜用于校正外界光线的像差，所述校正透镜设于所述第一透镜远离所述光线耦入端面的一侧，所述偏振反射器设于所述第一透镜和所述校正透镜之间。
可选地，所述校正透镜具有相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面和所述第一表面处于同一平面，所述第四表面和所述第二表面处于同一平面。
可选地，所述第一透镜的第二表面具有与所述光线耦入端面连接的第一端点，所述校正透镜的第四表面具有远离所述第一端点的第二端点，所述分光透镜的外边缘的一端对齐所述第一端点，所述分光透镜的外边缘的另一端对齐所述第二端点。
可选地，所述偏振反射器为偏振反射膜，所述偏振反射膜设于所述校正透镜，所述第一透镜与所述校正透镜胶合设置。
可选地，所述位相延迟器设于所述分光透镜，所述分光透镜与所述第二透镜胶合设置，所述第二透镜与所述第一透镜间隔设置。
可选地，所述分光透镜包括平凹透镜和分光膜，所述平凹透镜的凹陷面朝向所述第二透镜，所述分光膜设于所述位相延迟器和所述平凹透镜的凹陷面之间。
可选地，所述第二透镜为平凸透镜，所述平凸透镜具有朝向所述分光透镜的凸起面和背向所述分光透镜的平板面。
可选地，所述第一表面和所述第二表面相互平行设置。
此外，为了解决上述问题，本发明还提供一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括显示器和如上文所述光学系统，所述显示器设于所述第一透镜的光线耦入端面。
本发明提出的技术方案中，光线由光线耦入端面进入到第一透镜内，在第一表面和第二表面之间光线全反射，并射向偏振反射器。光线在第一次入射至偏振反射器时，光线的偏振方向与偏振反射器的透过轴方向正交，光线被反射向第二表面。光线透射出第一透镜后，经过位相延迟器，光线转化为圆偏振光，并且光线经过分光透镜后发生了反射，圆偏振光的旋转方向发生变化，左旋变成右旋，或者是右旋变成左旋。光线再次经过位相延迟器后，光线由圆偏振状态转化为线偏振状态，且线偏振的光线第二次入射至偏振反射器时，光线的偏振方向与偏振反射器的透过轴方向同向，光线透射第一透镜进入人眼。其中，第二透镜用于对分光透镜的光焦度进行补偿，分光透镜的光焦度为正，则第二透镜的光焦度为负。分光透镜的光焦度为负，则第二透镜的光焦度为正。通过延伸部的外边缘与分光透镜的外边缘对齐，两者在外边缘位置不存在对接缝隙，从而不会产生光线的散射。用户在佩戴头戴显示设备时，看不到缝隙，从而保证显示画面的正常显示。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明光学系统一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1中光学系统的分解结构示意图；
图3为相关技术中对接缝隙位置的结构示意图；
图4为图3中对接缝隙产生的效果示意图；
图5为图1中光学系统的效果示意图。
附图标号说明：
10 第一透镜 320 延伸部
110 第一表面 40 校正透镜
120 第二表面 410 第二胶合端面
121 第一端点 420 第三表面
130 光线耦入端面 430 第四表面
140 第一胶合端面 431 第二端点
20 分光透镜 50 显示器
30 第二透镜 510 光线
310 主体部    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
在相关技术中，如图3所示，补偿器件和分光器件两者的外边缘对接位置A和位置B，两者存在缝隙。光线在经过这个缝隙位置出现偏折或散射，参阅图4所示，用户在佩戴头戴显示设备时能够看到两者的拼接缝隙C，在补偿器件为圆形结构时，形成的拼接缝隙也为圆形。用户在观看画面时，缝隙偏折的光线影响画面的成像效果。
为了解决上述问题，参阅图1和图2所示，本实施例提供一种光学系统，光学系统包括：第一透镜10、分光透镜20、第二透镜30和位相延迟器(图未示)以及偏振反射器(图未示)。
第一透镜10具有相对设置的第一表面110和第二表面120，第一透镜10包括光线耦入端面130，光线耦入端面130连接于第一表面110和第二表面120，光线510由光线耦入端面130射入第一透镜10内，光线510由光密介质射向光疏介质，入射角大于或等于全反射临界角，光线510在第一表面110满足光的全反射条件。光线510在第一表面110的作用下，反射向第二表面120。同样地，光线510在第二表面120也满足光的全反射条件，光线510在第二表面120的作用下被再次反射。其中，第一透镜10可以理解为一种波导结构。
偏振反射器设于第一透镜10远离光线耦入端面130的一侧，光线510由光线耦入端面130入射第一透镜10内，光线至少经过第一表面110和第二表面120其中之一反射至偏振反射器；其中，第一透镜10具有第一胶合端面140，第一胶合端面140设于第一透镜10远离光线耦入端面130的一侧，偏振反射器可以设置在第一胶合端面140上，也可以与第一胶合端面140间隔设置。
分光透镜20设于第一透镜10的第二表面120的一侧；分光透镜20的作用在于将入射的光线510分光，例如将一部分光线510反射，另一部分光线510透射。反射和透射的比例是可调的，反射和透射比可以是1:2，或者是1:1，还可以是2:1等。
第二透镜30设于分光透镜20和第一透镜10之间，第二透镜为补偿透镜，第二透镜用于补偿分光透镜20的光焦度；本实施例中的光学系统应用于头戴 显示设备，头戴显示设备的显示原理包括AR(Augmented Reality，增强现实)显示。在AR显示中，需要内部的光线510进行会聚或者扩散处理，因此分光透镜20具有一定的光焦度。此外，AR显示还需要外界的光线射入头戴显示设备内部。为了保证外界的光线能够顺利平行进入到人眼，需要对分光透镜20的光焦度进行补偿。分光透镜20和第二透镜30之间的设置方式包括胶合设置和间隔设置。
位相延迟器可以设于分光透镜20上，还可以设置在设于第二透镜30上，第二透镜30包括主体部310和延伸部320，主体部310对应分光透镜20的中间区域设置，延伸部320自主体部310向分光透镜20的外边缘方向延伸，且延伸部320的外边缘与分光透镜20的外边缘对齐。通过延伸部320的外边缘与分光透镜20的外边缘对齐设置可知，两者相对的截面积大小相等。从而避免出现外边缘位置没有对齐的情况。也可以理解为是将延伸部320的外边缘延伸到用户视角观察不到的地方。在其他实施例中，第二透镜与分光透镜的尺寸之差较小的情况也被视为“边缘对齐”，如其中较小者尺寸为较大者尺寸的90％。其中，位相延迟器用于改变光线510的偏振状态，例如将线偏振光转化为圆偏振光，或者是将圆偏振光转化为线偏振光。位相延迟器为膜层结构或者是独立的器件。膜层结构的位相延迟器利于减少整体光学系统的体积。其中，位相延迟器包括四分之一波片。
本实施例提出的技术方案中，光线510由光线耦入端面130进入到第一透镜10内，在第一表面110和第二表面120之间光线510全反射，并射向偏振反射器。光线510在第一次入射至偏振反射器时，光线510的偏振方向与偏振反射器的透过轴方向正交，光线510被反射向第二表面120。光线510透射出第一透镜10后，经过位相延迟器，光线510转化为圆偏振光，并且光线510经过分光透镜20后发生了反射，圆偏振光的旋转方向发生变化，左旋变成右旋，或者是右旋变成左旋。光线510再次经过位相延迟器后，光线510由圆偏振状态转化为线偏振状态，且线偏振的光线510第二次入射至偏振反射器时，光线510的偏振方向与偏振反射器的透过轴方向同向，光线510透射第一透镜10进入人眼。其中，第二透镜30用于对分光透镜20的光焦度进行补偿，分光透镜20的光焦度为正，则第二透镜30的光焦度为负。分光透镜20的光焦度为负，则第二透镜30的光焦度为正。通过延伸部320的外边缘与分光透镜20的外边缘对 齐，两者在外边缘位置不存在对接缝隙，从而不会产生光线510的散射。参阅图5所示，用户在佩戴头戴显示设备时，看不到缝隙，从而保证显示画面的正常显示。
在本申请的其中一实施例中，外界光线透射到波导结构时，不同颜色的光线折射率不同，容易出现色散，色散可以理解为色差，色差是像差的一种。为了减少色散，光学系统还包括校正透镜40，校正透镜40用于校正外界光线的像差，校正透镜40设于第一透镜10远离光线耦入端面130的一侧，偏振反射器设于第一透镜和校正透镜之间。校正透镜40可以胶合设置在第一透镜10上。例如，校正透镜40具有第二胶合端面410，在第二胶合端面410设置光学胶，将校正透镜40的第二胶合端面410和第一透镜10的第一胶合端面140对接胶合，完成校正透镜40的固定。可以理解的是，偏振反射器此时还可以设置在校正透镜40上，偏振反射器可以为贴附在校正透镜上的偏振反射膜或者直接镀在校正透镜上的膜层结构。
在上述实施例中，为了保证光学系统简洁，便于安装。校正透镜40具有相对设置的第三表面420和第四表面430，第三表面420和第一表面110处于同一平面，第四表面430和第二表面120处于同一平面。由此可知，便于校正透镜40和第一透镜10的拼接对正，校正透镜40和第一透镜10形成一个整体结构。
在上述实施例中，为了进一步的避免分光透镜20和第二透镜30的外边缘影响用户观看。第一透镜10的第二表面120具有与光线耦入端面130连接的第一端点121，校正透镜40的第四表面430具有远离第一端点121的第二端点431，分光透镜20的外边缘的一端对齐第一端点121，分光透镜20的外边缘的另一端对齐第二端点431。由此可知，分光透镜20或第二透镜30的朝向第一透镜10的表面的截面积等于第二表面120与第四表面430的面积之和。也可以理解为是，分光透镜20或第二透镜30的正投影面积，覆盖住第二表面120与第四表面430。
为了保证光线510顺利折转，偏振反射器为偏振反射膜，偏振反射膜设于校正透镜30，第一透镜10与校正透镜30胶合设置。偏振反射膜具有光线510透过轴，光线510的偏振方向在和光线510透过轴相同时，光线510才能够通过。而其它偏振方向的光线510在遇到偏折反射膜时，光线510会被反射。需要指出的是入射第一透镜10的光线510为线偏振光，且该线偏振光的振动方向与偏振反射膜的光线510透过轴正交。另外，偏振反射器为膜层结构，有利于减少 光学系统的体积。
在本申请的其中一实施例中，为了便于结构紧凑，位相延迟器设于分光透镜20，分光透镜20与第二透镜30胶合设置，通过胶合设置，可以有效的减小光学系统的整体体积。另外，第二透镜30与第一透镜10间隔设置，从而使第二透镜30与第一透镜10之间形成空气间隔。保证光线510入射至第二表面120时满足光线510由光密介质射向光疏介质，从而保证光线510在第二表面120是全反射。
在上述实施例中，分光透镜20包括平凹透镜和分光膜(图未示)，平凹透镜的凹陷面朝向第二透镜30，分光膜设于位相延迟器和平凹透镜的凹陷面之间。分光膜包括半反半透膜，位相延迟器和分光膜可以设置在分光透镜20上，也可以设置在第二透镜上。位相延迟器和分光膜可以粘贴在平凹透镜的凹陷面，也可以采用镀膜的方式。粘贴的方式作业简单，易操作。镀膜的方式，能够提高膜层的致密性，使膜层更加牢固。
另外，第二透镜30为平凸透镜，平凸透镜具有朝向分光透镜20的凸起面和背向分光透镜20的平板面，位相延迟器和分光膜可以设置在第二透镜30上。例如，位相延迟器和分光膜可以粘贴在平凸透镜的凸起面，也可以采用镀膜的方式。粘贴的方式作业简单，易操作。镀膜的方式，能够提高膜层的致密性，使膜层更加牢固。
在本申请的另一实施例中，第一表面110和第二表面120相互平行设置。从而保证光线510在第一表面110和第二表面120之间反射时，入射角满足全反射临界角。并且，第一表面110和第二表面120平行，第一透镜10的整体结构也更加紧凑。另外，光线耦入端面130的延伸方向逐渐远离第二透镜30，也可以说光线耦入端面130与第一表面110的夹角为锐角，光线耦入端面130与第二表面120的夹角为钝角。进一步地，光线耦入端面130与第一胶合端面140相互之间也平行设置。进而可知，第一胶合端面140与第一表面110的夹角为钝角，第一胶合端面40与第二表面120的夹角为锐角。
本发明还提供一种头戴显示设备，头戴显示设备包括显示器50和如上文所述光学系统，显示器50设于第一透镜10的光线耦入端面130。显示器50发射的光线510为线偏振光，线偏振状态的光线510射向第一透镜10的第一表面 110。
本发明的头戴显示设备的实施方式可以参照上述光学系统各实施例，在此不再赘述。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统包括：
    第一透镜，所述第一透镜具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一透镜还包括光线耦入端面，所述光线耦入端面连接于所述第一表面和所述第二表面；
    偏振反射器，所述偏振反射器设于所述第一透镜远离所述光线耦入端面的一侧，光线由所述光线耦入端面入射所述第一透镜内，光线至少经过所述第一表面和所述第二表面其中之一反射至所述偏振反射器；
    分光透镜，所述分光透镜设于所述第一透镜的第二表面的一侧；
    第二透镜，所述第二透镜为补偿透镜，所述第二透镜设于所述分光透镜和所述第一透镜之间，所述第二透镜用于补偿所述分光透镜的光焦度；以及
    位相延迟器，所述位相延迟器设于所述分光透镜或所述第二透镜，所述第二透镜包括主体部和延伸部，所述主体部对应所述分光透镜的中间区域设置，所述延伸部自所述主体部向所述分光透镜的外边缘方向延伸，且所述延伸部的外边缘与所述分光透镜的外边缘对齐。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统还包括校正透镜，所述校正透镜用于校正外界光线的像差，所述校正透镜设于所述第一透镜远离所述光线耦入端面的一侧，所述偏振反射器设于所述第一透镜和所述校正透镜之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述校正透镜具有相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面和所述第一表面处于同一平面，所述第四表面和所述第二表面处于同一平面。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一透镜的第二表面具有与所述光线耦入端面连接的第一端点，所述校正透镜的第四表面具有远离所述第一端点的第二端点，所述分光透镜的外边缘的一端对齐所述第一端点，所述分光透镜的外边缘的另一端对齐所述第二端点。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述偏振反射器为偏振反射膜，所述偏振反射膜设于所述校正透镜，所述第一透镜与所述校正透镜胶合设置。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述位相延迟器设于所述分光透镜，所述分光透镜与所述第二透镜胶合设置，所述第二透镜与所述第一透镜间隔设置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述分光透镜包括平凹透镜和分光膜，所述平凹透镜的凹陷面朝向所述第二透镜，所述分光膜设于所述位相延迟器和所述平凹透镜的凹陷面之间。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第二透镜为平凸透镜，所述平凸透镜具有朝向所述分光透镜的凸起面和背向所述分光透镜的平板面。
  9. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一表面和所述第二表面相互平行设置。
  10. 一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括显示器和如权利要求1至9任一项所述光学系统，所述显示器设于所述第一透镜的光线耦入端面。
PCT/CN2021/133798 2021-08-04 2021-11-29 光学系统和头戴显示设备 WO2023010723A1 (zh)

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