WO2023008460A1 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023008460A1 WO2023008460A1 PCT/JP2022/028875 JP2022028875W WO2023008460A1 WO 2023008460 A1 WO2023008460 A1 WO 2023008460A1 JP 2022028875 W JP2022028875 W JP 2022028875W WO 2023008460 A1 WO2023008460 A1 WO 2023008460A1
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- negative electrode
- spot
- shaped
- protrusions
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
- H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
- H01M50/486—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a lithium secondary battery with a lithium ion conductive electrolyte.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are used for applications such as ICT such as personal computers and smartphones, vehicles, and power storage. In such applications, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is required to have a higher capacity.
- Lithium ion batteries are known as high-capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- a high capacity lithium ion battery can be achieved by using, for example, graphite and an alloy active material such as a silicon compound together as a negative electrode active material. However, increasing the capacity of lithium-ion batteries is reaching its limits.
- a lithium secondary battery (lithium metal secondary battery) is promising as a high-capacity non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that exceeds that of lithium-ion batteries.
- lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode during charging, and this lithium metal dissolves in the non-aqueous electrolyte during discharging.
- a spacer is provided between the positive electrode and the separator in order to suppress the decrease in charge-discharge efficiency due to lithium metal deposited in an isolated state and to suppress damage to the negative electrode current collector. It has been proposed to provide a space in between to accommodate the lithium metal. By disposing the spacer between the positive electrode and the separator, it is easy to maintain a space between the positive electrode and the separator during discharge, while it is difficult to maintain a space between the negative electrode and the separator. describes that it is deposited along the surface of the negative electrode due to the pressing force from the separator, making it difficult to grow in the form of dendrites.
- One aspect of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode facing the positive electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity, the negative electrode and the separator. and a spacer disposed between lithium metal, wherein lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode during charging, and the lithium metal is dissolved from the negative electrode during discharging, and the spacer has a plurality of spot-shaped protrusions. Regarding next battery.
- deterioration of the cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing an example of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode in FIG. 1
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the negative electrode unit of FIG. 1
- 2 is a top view schematically showing an example of a negative electrode unit included in the lithium secondary battery of FIG. 1.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged top view of a negative electrode unit, showing another example of the negative electrode unit.
- the present disclosure encompasses a combination of matters described in two or more claims arbitrarily selected from the multiple claims described in the attached claims. In other words, as long as there is no technical contradiction, the matters described in two or more claims arbitrarily selected from the multiple claims described in the attached claims can be combined.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode facing the positive electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity, and a negative electrode. a spacer disposed between the separator. The spacer has a plurality of spot-shaped protrusions.
- a lithium secondary battery is a type of secondary battery in which lithium metal deposits on a negative electrode during charging and dissolves from the negative electrode during discharging.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be collectively referred to as electrodes.
- the spacer secures a space for the deposition of lithium metal on the negative electrode surface, and reduces the volume change of the negative electrode due to the deposition of lithium metal.
- the spacer is placed between the negative electrode and the separator, lithium ions are released more smoothly from the positive electrode during the initial charge than when the spacer is placed between the positive electrode and the separator. This is advantageous in terms of capacity improvement.
- the surface pressure applied to the surface of the negative electrode during charging tends to vary, which may lead to non-uniform deposition of lithium metal.
- the surface pressure is small, lithium metal is deposited on structures such as dendrites that are difficult to contribute to charging and discharging, which may deteriorate the cycle characteristics.
- the electrode may break due to the local increase in the pressure applied to the electrode.
- the spacers are arranged in spots, thereby suppressing the occurrence of regions where the surface pressure is locally reduced, resulting in deterioration of cycle characteristics. is suppressed. Also, the area where the negative electrode is covered with the spacer can be minimized, and high capacity and cycle characteristics can be maintained.
- spot-shaped projections do not hinder circulation of the electrolytic solution, so that high cycle characteristics can be maintained.
- the spot-shaped projections provided between the negative electrode and the separator have a role of securing a space for depositing lithium metal and securing a space for convection of the electrolytic solution on the surface of the negative electrode. In this respect, it is more effective to provide the spot-shaped protrusions between the negative electrode and the separator than between the positive electrode and the separator.
- the spacer may be provided on the surface of the negative electrode, or may be provided on the surface of the separator facing the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode provided with spacers on the surface is also referred to as a negative electrode unit.
- a separator having a spacer on its surface is also called a composite separator.
- the spacer may include a plurality of convex portion groups in which a plurality of spot-shaped convex portions are arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction of the strip-shaped negative electrode. These protrusion groups can be arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode. In this case, the positions of the spot-shaped convex portions in the lateral direction may be shifted in the convex portion groups adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction.
- the position of the spot-shaped protrusions is shifted in the short direction means that the position of the plurality of spot-shaped protrusions belonging to one adjacent protrusion group in the short direction and the position of the plurality of spot-shaped protrusions belonging to the other protrusion group are different.
- the positions of the spot-shaped protrusions in the short direction are compared, the positions of the spot-shaped protrusions belonging to one group of protrusions are equal to the positions of the corresponding spot-shaped protrusions belonging to the other group of protrusions. It means having a distance.
- the position of the spot-shaped protrusions means the central position of the spots of the spot-shaped protrusions.
- the center position means the position of the center of gravity calculated based on the contour shape of the spot.
- Lithium metal tends to deposit around the spot-shaped protrusions, and the pressure (stress) applied to the electrode during charging tends to concentrate. For this reason, when the convex portion group is provided, the stress concentration portions around the spot-shaped convex portion are connected in the lateral direction, and the electrode (current collector) is easily broken. In order to avoid breakage of the electrode (current collector), the distance between the spot-shaped protrusions should be widened so that the stress concentration parts are not connected to each other. It becomes difficult, and the cycle characteristics may rather deteriorate.
- the density of the spot-shaped protrusions per unit area of the negative electrode is maintained at a certain level or more, and lithium metal is It is possible to increase the distance between the spot-shaped protrusions in the lateral direction while ensuring a space for deposition. As a result, it is possible to prevent the stress concentration portions from being connected in the lateral direction while suppressing deterioration of the cycle characteristics, thereby suppressing breakage of the electrode.
- the amount of displacement between the spot-shaped protrusions in the adjacent groups of protrusions is half the interval between the spot-shaped protrusions in the groups of protrusions. In this case, suppression of deterioration in cycle characteristics and suppression of breakage of the electrode can both be achieved at a high level.
- the height of the spacer (that is, the height of the spot-shaped convex portion) is 0.02 mm or more and 0.09 mm or less depending on the battery size. or 0.015 mm or more and 0.1 mm or less.
- the height h of the spacer is the average height of the spot-shaped protrusions, select 10 arbitrary spot-shaped protrusions, and measure the maximum height at the farthest distance from the negative electrode current collector. Calculated by averaging.
- the contour shape of the spot-shaped protrusions when viewed from the normal direction of the surface of the negative electrode may be circular or polygonal, and is not particularly limited.
- the area of the contour shape is, for example, 0.5 mm 2 or more and 20 mm 2 or less.
- the outer diameter of the contour shape is, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- the inner diameter of the contour shape is, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 8.8 mm or less.
- the area of the contour shape means the projected area when the spot-shaped convex portion is projected onto the surface of the negative electrode.
- the outer diameter of the contour shape means the diameter of the circumscribed circle that circumscribes the contour shape.
- the inner diameter of the contour shape means the diameter of the inscribed circle inscribed in the contour shape.
- the height of part of the spot-shaped projections may be different from the height of the rest of the spot-shaped projections.
- the heights of adjacent spot-shaped protrusions may be different.
- the plurality of spot-shaped protrusions may include a spot-shaped protrusion with a height h1 and a spot-shaped protrusion with a height h2 that is smaller than the height h1.
- the ratio of height h2 to height h1: h2/h1 may be, for example, 0.8 or more and less than 1.0, or may be 0.8 or more and 0.95 or less.
- the plurality of line-shaped projections may be made of a material having a lower conductivity than that of the negative electrode, or may be made of a resin material.
- the distance between adjacent straight lines is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. is preferred.
- the spot-shaped protrusions have a group of protrusions arranged at regular intervals in the widthwise direction of the negative electrode, It means that the distance between parallel straight lines is 1.5 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less. In this case, deterioration in cycle characteristics can be significantly suppressed.
- the ratio of the area of the surface of the negative electrode covered with spacers to the area of the surface of the negative electrode may be 5% or more and 20% or less, or 5% or more. , 15% or less.
- the coverage of the negative electrode surface with the spacers is 20% or less, the effect of covering the negative electrode surface with the spacers on the battery performance can be minimized.
- the coverage of the negative electrode surface with the spacers is 5% or more, the spacers can sufficiently secure a space for deposition of lithium metal, and the effect of suppressing deterioration of cycle characteristics can be sufficiently obtained.
- the spacers may be arranged on both sides of the negative electrode. That is, the negative electrode has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and spacers having spot-shaped protrusions are arranged on the first surface of the negative electrode and on the first surface side of the separator. and between the second surface of the negative electrode and the separator disposed on the second surface side.
- the spacers (spot-shaped protrusions) arranged on the first surface side of the negative electrode are referred to as the first spacers (first spot-shaped protrusions), and the spacers (spot-shaped protrusions) arranged on the second surface side of the negative electrode are referred to as first spacers (first spot-shaped protrusions).
- second spacers second spot-shaped protrusions
- the second spot-shaped projections may be arranged on the second surface opposite to the first spot-shaped projections, or may be arranged on the first surface in the region where the first spot-shaped projections are not arranged. It may be arranged at the location of the second surface located on the opposite side.
- the second spot-shaped protrusions when viewed from the normal direction of the first surface or the second surface of the negative electrode, the second spot-shaped protrusions may be arranged at positions overlapping the first spot-shaped protrusions, or the first spot-shaped protrusions may overlap the first spot-shaped protrusions. It may be arranged at a position that does not overlap with the convex portion.
- the first spot-shaped projections correspond to the second surface (or the first surface) of the negative electrode located on the outer circumference or the inner circumference when the wound electrode group is constructed. It presses through the separator and the positive electrode, and has the effect of increasing the surface pressure during charging. This suppresses deposition of lithium metal dendrites, etc., and suppresses degradation of cycle characteristics.
- the second spot-shaped protrusions when the second spot-shaped protrusions are arranged at positions that do not overlap with the first spot-shaped protrusions, the second spot-shaped protrusions press the negative electrode located on the outer or inner periphery via the separator and the positive electrode. At the same time, the spaces formed between the first spot-shaped convex portions are pressed from the second surface side toward the first surface side. As a result, the surface pressure during charging is further increased, and the effect of suppressing deterioration of cycle characteristics can be further enhanced.
- the second spot-shaped protrusions are arranged on the second surface opposite to the region where the first spot-shaped protrusions are not arranged on the first surface. (arranged at a position not overlapping with the first spot-shaped convex portion).
- the second spot-shaped protrusion may be arranged at a position overlapping the first spot-shaped protrusion.
- the negative electrode current collector is less likely to be deformed such that it protrudes toward the first surface at the position of the second spot-shaped convex portion, and breakage of the negative electrode current collector is easily suppressed.
- a lithium secondary battery may include a laminated electrode group configured by stacking a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween, and is configured by spirally winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween.
- a winding type electrode group may be provided.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector.
- lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector by charging. More specifically, lithium ions contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte receive electrons on the negative electrode current collector during charging to become lithium metal, which is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. Lithium metal deposited on the surface of the negative electrode current collector dissolves as lithium ions in the non-aqueous electrolyte due to discharge.
- the lithium ions contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be derived from the lithium salt added to the non-aqueous electrolyte, or may be supplied from the positive electrode active material during charging. There may be.
- the negative electrode current collector may be a strip-shaped conductive sheet.
- a foil, a film, or the like is used as the conductive sheet.
- the surface of the conductive sheet may be smooth. This facilitates uniform deposition of lithium metal derived from the positive electrode on the conductive sheet during charging. Smooth means that the maximum height roughness Rz of the conductive sheet is 20 ⁇ m or less. The maximum height roughness Rz of the conductive sheet may be 10 ⁇ m or less. The maximum height roughness Rz is measured according to JIS B 0601:2013.
- the material of the negative electrode current collector may be any conductive material other than lithium metal and lithium alloy.
- the conductive material may be a metallic material such as a metal, an alloy, or the like.
- the conductive material is preferably a material that does not react with lithium. More specifically, materials that form neither alloys nor intermetallic compounds with lithium are preferred.
- Such conductive materials include, for example, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), alloys containing these metal elements, or graphite in which the basal plane is preferentially exposed.
- alloys include copper alloys and stainless steel (SUS). Among them, copper and/or copper alloys having high electrical conductivity are preferred.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- a negative electrode mixture layer (not shown) may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer is formed, for example, by applying a paste containing a negative electrode active material such as graphite to at least part of the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer is set sufficiently thin so that lithium metal can be deposited on the negative electrode.
- Spacer A material constituting the spacer is not particularly limited.
- the spacers may be composed of conductive and/or insulating materials.
- the spacer may be provided on the surface of the negative electrode, or may be provided on the surface of the separator (the surface facing the negative electrode).
- the conductive material can be appropriately selected from those exemplified as the material of the negative electrode current collector. Such spacers may be provided by forming protrusions on the negative electrode current collector by press working or the like. Alternatively, a conductive paint may be applied to the surface of the negative electrode, or a conductive tape may be attached to the surface of the negative electrode.
- Examples of insulating materials include resin materials.
- resin materials include polyolefin resins, acrylic resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, silicone resins, fluorine-based resins, and the like.
- a cured product of a curable resin such as an epoxy resin may also be used.
- an inorganic filler or the like may be mixed with these resin materials.
- the spacer can be formed, for example, by attaching a resin-made adhesive tape to the surface of the negative electrode. Alternatively, the spacer may be formed by applying a solution or dispersion containing a resin material to the surface of the negative electrode or the surface of the separator facing the negative electrode and drying the applied solution or dispersion. The spacer may be formed by applying a curable resin in a desired shape to the surface of the negative electrode or the surface of the separator facing the negative electrode and curing the resin.
- the positive electrode includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer supported by the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed only on one side of the positive electrode current collector, or may be formed on both sides.
- the positive electrode is obtained, for example, by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder on both sides of a positive electrode current collector, drying the coating film, and then rolling.
- a positive electrode active material is a material that absorbs and releases lithium ions.
- positive electrode active materials include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, transition metal fluorides, polyanions, fluorinated polyanions, and transition metal sulfides. Among them, lithium-containing transition metal oxides are preferable in terms of low production cost and high average discharge voltage.
- the transition metal elements contained in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide include Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, W, and the like.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may contain one or more transition metal elements.
- the transition metal elements may be Co, Ni and/or Mn.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may contain one or more main group elements as needed. Typical elements include Mg, Al, Ca, Zn, Ga, Ge, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi. A typical element may be Al or the like.
- lithium-containing transition metal oxides composite oxides containing Co, Ni and/or Mn as transition metal elements and optionally containing Al, and having a layered structure and a rock salt type crystal structure are highly This is preferable in terms of obtaining capacity.
- the molar ratio of the total amount mLi of lithium possessed by the positive electrode and the negative electrode to the amount mM of the metal M other than lithium possessed by the positive electrode: mLi/mM is set to, for example, 1.1 or less. be done.
- the conductive material is, for example, a carbon material.
- carbon materials include carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, and graphite.
- binders include fluorine resins, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, and rubber-like polymers.
- fluororesins include polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the positive electrode current collector may be a conductive sheet.
- a foil, a film, or the like is used as the conductive sheet.
- a carbon material may be applied to the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- Examples of materials for the positive electrode current collector (conductive sheet) include metal materials containing Al, Ti, Fe, and the like.
- the metal material may be Al, Al alloy, Ti, Ti alloy, Fe alloy, or the like.
- the Fe alloy may be stainless steel (SUS).
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used for the separator.
- porous sheets include thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics having microporosity.
- the material of the separator is not particularly limited, but may be a polymer material.
- polymeric materials include olefin resins, polyamide resins, and cellulose.
- olefin resins include polyethylene, polypropylene, and copolymers of ethylene and propylene.
- a separator may also contain an additive as needed. An inorganic filler etc. are mentioned as an additive.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity includes, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and lithium ions and anions dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may be liquid or gel.
- a liquid non-aqueous electrolyte is prepared by dissolving a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. Lithium ions and anions are generated by dissolving the lithium salt in the non-aqueous solvent.
- a gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte contains a lithium salt and a matrix polymer, or a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent and a matrix polymer.
- the matrix polymer for example, a polymer material that gels by absorbing a non-aqueous solvent is used. Examples of polymer materials include fluorine resins, acrylic resins, polyether resins, and the like.
- lithium salt or anion known ones used for non-aqueous electrolytes of lithium secondary batteries can be used. Specific examples include BF 4 ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , CF 3 CO 2 ⁇ , anions of imides, and anions of oxalate complexes.
- the anion of the oxalate complex may contain boron and/or phosphorus.
- the anion of the oxalate complex includes bisoxalate borate anion, BF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) ⁇ , PF 4 (C 2 O 4 ) ⁇ , PF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ⁇ and the like.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain these anions singly or in combination of two or more.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte preferably contains at least an anion of an oxalate complex. Due to the interaction between the anion of the oxalate complex and lithium, the lithium metal is easily precipitated uniformly in the form of fine particles. Therefore, it becomes easier to suppress local deposition of lithium metal. You may combine the anion of an oxalate complex with another anion. Other anions may be PF 6 - and/or imide class anions.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and halogen-substituted products thereof.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain one of these non-aqueous solvents, or two or more of them. Fluoride etc. are mentioned as a halogen substitution body.
- esters include carbonic acid esters and carboxylic acid esters.
- Cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the like.
- Chain carbonic acid esters include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate and the like.
- Cyclic carboxylic acid esters include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and the like. Examples of chain carboxylic acid esters include ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, and methyl fluoropropionate.
- Ethers include cyclic ethers and chain ethers.
- Cyclic ethers include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and the like.
- Chain ethers include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, methylphenyl ether, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and the like.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is, for example, 0.5 mol/L or more and 3.5 mol/L or less.
- the anion concentration in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be 0.5 mol/L or more and 3.5 mol/L or less.
- the concentration of the anion of the oxalate complex in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be 0.05 mol/L or more and 1 mol/L or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain additives.
- the additive may form a film on the negative electrode. Formation of the film derived from the additive on the negative electrode facilitates suppression of the formation of dendrites. Examples of such additives include vinylene carbonate, FEC, vinyl ethyl carbonate (VEC), and the like.
- the configuration of the lithium secondary battery according to the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings, taking a cylindrical battery including a wound electrode group as an example.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the following configurations.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode in FIG. 1, and is an enlarged view of the portion surrounded by region II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the negative electrode unit in FIG. 1, and is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by region III in FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing an example of a negative electrode unit included in the lithium secondary battery of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode in FIG. 1, and is an enlarged view of the portion surrounded by region II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the negative electrode unit in FIG. 1, and is an
- the lithium secondary battery 10 is a cylindrical battery that includes a cylindrical battery case, a wound electrode group 14 housed in the battery case, and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown).
- the battery case is composed of a case body 15 which is a bottomed cylindrical metal container and a sealing member 16 which seals the opening of the case body 15 .
- a gasket 27 is arranged between the case main body 15 and the sealing member 16 to ensure the airtightness of the battery case.
- Insulating plates 17 and 18 are arranged at both ends of the electrode group 14 in the winding axis direction in the case main body 15 .
- the case body 15 has, for example, a stepped portion 21 formed by partially pressing the side wall of the case body 15 from the outside.
- the stepped portion 21 may be annularly formed on the side wall of the case body 15 along the circumferential direction of the case body 15 .
- the sealing member 16 is supported by the surface of the stepped portion 21 on the opening side.
- the sealing body 16 includes a filter 22, a lower valve body 23, an insulating member 24, an upper valve body 25 and a cap 26. In the sealing member 16, these members are laminated in this order.
- the sealing member 16 is attached to the opening of the case body 15 so that the cap 26 is positioned outside the case body 15 and the filter 22 is positioned inside the case body 15 .
- Each of the members constituting the sealing member 16 is, for example, disk-shaped or ring-shaped.
- the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 are connected to each other at their central portions, and an insulating member 24 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the filter 22 and the lower valve body 23 are connected to each other at their central portions.
- the upper valve body 25 and the cap 26 are connected to each other at their central portions. That is, each member except the insulating member 24 is electrically connected to each other.
- a ventilation hole (not shown) is formed in the lower valve body 23 . Therefore, when the internal pressure of the battery case rises due to abnormal heat generation or the like, the upper valve body 25 swells toward the cap 26 side and separates from the lower valve body 23 . Thereby, the electrical connection between the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 is cut off. When the internal pressure further increases, the upper valve body 25 is broken, and gas is discharged from an opening (not shown) formed in the cap 26 .
- the electrode group 14 has a positive electrode 11 , a negative electrode unit 12 and a separator 13 .
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode unit 12, and the separator 13 are all strip-shaped.
- the strip-shaped positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode unit 12 are spirally wound with the separator 13 interposed therebetween such that the width direction of the strip-shaped positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode unit 12 is parallel to the winding axis.
- the positive electrode 11 is electrically connected via a positive electrode lead 19 to a cap 26 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- One end of the positive electrode lead 19 is connected, for example, near the center of the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction.
- a positive electrode lead 19 extending from the positive electrode 11 extends to the filter 22 through a through hole (not shown) formed in the insulating plate 17 .
- the other end of the positive electrode lead 19 is welded to the surface of the filter 22 on the electrode group 14 side.
- the positive electrode 11 includes a positive electrode current collector 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 (see FIG. 2), and is electrically connected via a positive electrode lead 19 to a cap 26 functioning as a positive electrode terminal.
- One end of the positive electrode lead 19 is connected, for example, near the center of the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction.
- a positive electrode lead 19 extending from the positive electrode 11 extends to the filter 22 through a through hole (not shown) formed in the insulating plate 17 .
- the other end of the positive electrode lead 19 is welded to the surface of the filter 22 on the electrode group 14 side.
- the negative electrode unit 12 includes a strip-shaped negative electrode 40, and the negative electrode 40 has a first surface S1 and a second surface S2 opposite to the first surface S1.
- the negative electrode 40 includes at least a strip-shaped negative electrode current collector, and may include a strip-shaped negative electrode current collector and negative electrode mixture layers formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode 40 is electrically connected via the negative electrode lead 20 to the case main body 15 functioning as a negative electrode terminal.
- One end of the negative electrode lead 20 is connected to, for example, the longitudinal end of the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode 40 , and the other end is welded to the bottom inner surface of the case body 15 .
- the negative electrode unit 12 includes spacers 50 provided on the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 of the negative electrode 40, respectively.
- the spacer 50 has a plurality of spot-like protrusions 51 dispersedly arranged on the surface of the negative electrode 40 .
- Spaces 35 are formed between the first surface S ⁇ b>1 and the separator 13 and between the second surface S ⁇ b>2 and the separator 13 due to the presence of the plurality of spot-shaped convex portions 51 .
- charging causes lithium metal to deposit in the space 35 above the negative electrode 40, and the deposited lithium metal dissolves in the non-aqueous electrolyte upon discharging. Since the lithium metal deposited on the surface of the negative electrode is accommodated in the space 35, the volume change of the negative electrode due to the deposition of the lithium metal is reduced, and the cycle characteristics are improved.
- the spacer 50 includes a plurality of convex portion groups 52 (52A, 52B) in which a plurality of spot-shaped convex portions 51 are arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction (band width direction) of the negative electrode 40.
- the plurality of protrusion groups 52 are arranged at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode 40 .
- the positions of the spot-shaped protrusions 51 in the group of protrusions in the group of protrusions in the lateral direction are displaced and arranged alternately.
- the positional deviation of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the adjacent convex portion groups 52A and 52B in the short-side direction is approximately half of the separation distance of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the short-side direction.
- the spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the second surface S2 of the negative electrode 40 are provided on the first surface S1 of the negative electrode 40. It is arranged at a position overlapping with the spot-shaped convex portion 51 .
- the spot-shaped projections 51 provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode may be located at the same position or at different positions on the front and back sides of the negative electrode when viewed from the normal direction of one surface.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a part of the negative electrode unit, showing another example of the negative electrode unit.
- the positions of the spacers provided on the back surface (second surface) of the negative electrode in addition to the spacers provided on the surface (first surface) of the negative electrode are indicated by dotted lines.
- spot-shaped protrusions 51 spot-shaped protrusions 51 indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 5 provided on the second surface S2 of the negative electrode 40 when viewed from the normal direction of the first surface S1. are arranged at positions that do not overlap the spot-shaped protrusions 51 (spot-shaped protrusions 51 indicated by solid lines in FIG. 5) provided on the first surface S1 of the negative electrode 40 .
- the spacers 50 provided on the second surface S2 also have a plurality of spot-shaped protrusions 51 arranged at equal intervals in the lateral direction of the negative electrode 40 (the width direction of the band). It includes a plurality of raised portion groups 52 (52C, 52D).
- the protrusion group 52C provided on the second surface corresponds to the protrusion group 52A provided on the first surface
- the protrusion group 52D provided on the second surface corresponds to the protrusion group 52B provided on the first surface. corresponds to
- the positions of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the longitudinal direction of the convex portion groups 52A and 52C are the same, but the positions of the convex portion groups in the lateral direction are shifted. ing.
- the spot-shaped protrusions 51 are located at the same position in the longitudinal direction between the protrusion groups 52B and 52D. Out of position.
- the positional deviation of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the convex portion groups 52A and 52C in the short-side direction is approximately half the separation distance of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the short-side direction.
- the positional deviation of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the convex portion groups 52B and 52D in the short-side direction is approximately half the separation distance of the spot-shaped convex portions 51 in the short-side direction.
- the spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the second surface are positioned at the center of a parallelogram formed with the four spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the first surface as vertices.
- the spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the first surface are positioned at the center of a parallelogram formed with the four spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the second surface as vertices.
- the spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the second surface efficiently press the space 35 between the first surface S1 and the separator 13, and the spot-shaped protrusions 51 provided on the first surface effectively presses the space 35 between the second surface S2 and the separator 13 .
- a high surface pressure can be maintained during charging, and deterioration in cycle characteristics can be significantly suppressed.
- the arrangement of the spacers 50 (groups of protrusions 52C and 52D) provided on the second surface S2 is not limited to the example in FIG. ) may be arranged at positions overlapping the spacers 50 (groups of protrusions 52A and 52B) provided on the first surface S1.
- the spacers 50 (protrusion groups 52C and 52D) provided on the second surface S2 are arranged at positions off the center of the parallelogram formed by the four spot-like protrusions 51 provided on the first surface. You may
- a cylindrical lithium secondary battery including a wound electrode group has been described, but the present embodiment can be applied without being limited to this case.
- the shape of the lithium secondary battery can be appropriately selected from various shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, a rectangular shape, a sheet shape, a flat shape, etc., depending on the application.
- the form of the electrode group is also not particularly limited, and may be a laminated type.
- known ones can be used without particular limitation.
- Example 1>> (1) Fabrication of positive electrode A rock salt-type lithium-containing transition metal oxide (NCA) containing Li, Ni, Co and Al (the molar ratio of Li to the total of Ni, Co and Al is 1.0) and having a layered structure positive electrode active material), acetylene black (AB; conductive material), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF; binder) are mixed at a mass ratio of NCA: AB: PVdF 95: 2.5: 2.5. Then, an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was added and stirred to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode mixture slurry thus obtained was applied to both surfaces of an Al foil (positive electrode current collector), dried, and a coating film of the positive electrode mixture was rolled using a roller. Finally, the obtained laminate of the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode mixture was cut into a predetermined electrode size to prepare a positive electrode having positive electrode mixture layers on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- Negative Electrode Unit A rectangular electrodeposited copper foil (thickness: 12 ⁇ m) was prepared as a negative electrode (negative electrode current collector). Polyimide ink was discharged onto one surface of the electrolytic copper foil using a dispenser, and then vacuum dried to form polyimide resin spacers in the spot shape shown in FIG.
- the same spacer as above was formed on the other surface of the electrolytic copper foil in the same manner as above.
- the positions of the holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm formed at the four corners of the electrolytic copper foil were confirmed with a CCD camera, and when viewed from one surface, the spacers formed on the other surface were formed on one surface.
- the position where the spacer is provided was adjusted so that the positional relationship of overlapping with the spacer was obtained.
- the electrolytic copper foil was cut into a predetermined electrode size. In this way, a negative electrode unit was obtained, which included a strip-shaped negative electrode and spacers having a plurality of spot-shaped protrusions arranged on both sides of the negative electrode.
- the width of the electrolytic copper foil cut into the electrode size was 65 mm, and the length in the longitudinal direction was 1000 mm.
- the contour shape of the plurality of spot-shaped convex portions was circular with a diameter of 1 mm.
- the arrangement interval (the center-to-center distance of the spot-shaped convex portions) in the width direction of the spot-shaped convex portions in the convex portion group was set to 3.536 mm.
- the arrangement interval in the longitudinal direction (the distance between straight lines connecting the spot-shaped convex portions and parallel to the lateral direction) in the plurality of convex portion groups was set to 1.768 mm.
- the ratio of the area of the negative electrode surface (one side) covered with the spacers to the area of the negative electrode surface (one side) (coverage of the negative electrode surface with spacers) was 12.6%.
- the obtained electrode group is housed in a bag-shaped exterior body formed of a laminate sheet having an Al layer, the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the exterior body containing the electrode group, and then the exterior body is sealed.
- a lithium secondary battery A1 was produced.
- the arrangement interval in the longitudinal direction (the distance between the straight lines connecting the spot-shaped convex portions and parallel to the lateral direction) in the plurality of convex portion groups was set to 3.536 mm.
- Lithium secondary battery A2 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the ratio of the area of the surface (one side) of the negative electrode covered with spacers to the area of the surface (one side) of the negative electrode (coverage ratio of the surface of the negative electrode with spacers) was 6.3%.
- Example 3>> In the production of the negative electrode unit, a plurality of groups of protrusions were arranged in the longitudinal direction such that the positions of the spot-shaped protrusions 51 in the group of protrusions in the short direction were the same among the groups of protrusions.
- the arrangement interval (the center-to-center distance of the spot-shaped convex portions) of the spot-shaped convex portions in the convex portion group was set to 1.768 mm.
- the arrangement interval in the longitudinal direction (the distance between the straight lines connecting the spot-shaped convex portions and parallel to the lateral direction) in the plurality of convex portion groups was set to 3.536 mm.
- Lithium secondary battery A3 was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- Constant current charging is performed at a current of 2.15 mA per unit area (square centimeter) of the electrode until the battery voltage reaches 4.1 V, and then at a voltage of 4.1 V, the current value per unit area of the electrode is 0.0. Constant voltage charging was performed until the battery reached 54 mA.
- the charging and discharging described above was regarded as one cycle, and charging and discharging were performed up to 100 cycles.
- the ratio (%) of the discharge capacity at the 100th cycle to the discharge capacity at the 1st cycle was determined as the capacity retention rate.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Batteries A1 to A3 had a higher capacity retention rate than battery B1.
- the capacity retention rate is remarkably improved.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure can be used for electronic devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, and tablet terminals, electric vehicles including hybrids and plug-in hybrids, and household storage batteries combined with solar cells.
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Abstract
Description
なお、スポット状凸部間の距離を評価するにあたって、スポット状凸部の位置とは、スポット状凸部のスポットの中心位置を意味する。中心位置は、スポットの輪郭形状に基づき算出される重心の位置を意味する。
しかしながら、第2スポット状凸部を、第1スポット状凸部と重なる位置に配置してもよい。この場合、第2スポット状凸部を、第1スポット状凸部と重なる位置に配置されるため、第2スポット状凸部により第1スポット状凸部の間に形成された空間が押圧されない。このため、負極集電体が第2スポット状凸部の位置において第1表面側に突出するような変形を受け難く、負極集電体の破断が抑制され易い。
[負極]
負極は、負極集電体を備える。リチウム二次電池では、負極集電体の表面に、充電によりリチウム金属が析出する。より具体的には、非水電解質に含まれるリチウムイオンが、充電により、負極集電体上で電子を受け取ってリチウム金属になり、負極集電体の表面に析出する。負極集電体の表面に析出したリチウム金属は、放電により非水電解質中にリチウムイオンとして溶解する。なお、非水電解質に含まれるリチウムイオンは、非水電解質に添加したリチウム塩に由来するものであってもよく、充電により正極活物質から供給されるものであってもよく、これらの双方であってもよい。
スペーサを構成する材料は、特に制限されない。スペーサは、導電性材料および/または絶縁性材料で構成されてもよい。スペーサは、負極の表面に設けてもよく、セパレータの表面(負極との対向面)に設けてもよい。
正極は、例えば、正極集電体と、正極集電体に支持された正極合材層とを備える。正極合材層は、例えば、正極活物質と導電材と結着材とを含む。正極合材層は、正極集電体の片面のみに形成されてもよく、両面に形成されてもよい。正極は、例えば、正極集電体の両面に正極活物質と導電材と結着材とを含む正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延することにより得られる。
セパレータには、イオン透過性および絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートとしては、例えば、微多孔を有する薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質は特に限定されないが、高分子材料であってもよい。高分子材料としては、オレフィン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、セルロース等が挙げられる。オレフィン樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンおよびエチレンとプロピレンとの共重合体等が挙げられる。セパレータは、必要に応じて、添加剤を含んでもよい。添加剤としては、無機フィラー等が挙げられる。
リチウムイオン伝導性を有する非水電解質は、例えば、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解したリチウムイオンとアニオンとを含んでいる。非水電解質は、液状でもよいし、ゲル状でもよい。
以下、本開示に係るリチウム二次電池を実施例および比較例に基づいて具体的に説明する。本開示は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
(1)正極の作製
Li、Ni、CoおよびAl(Ni、CoおよびAlの合計に対するLiのモル比は1.0)を含有し、層状構造を有する岩塩型のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物(NCA;正極活物質)と、アセチレンブラック(AB;導電材)と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF;結着材)とを、NCA:AB:PVdF=95:2.5:2.5の質量比で混合し、さらにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて撹拌して、正極合材スラリーを調製した。次に、得られた正極合材スラリーをAl箔(正極集電体)の両面に塗布した後、乾燥して、ローラーを用いて正極合材の塗膜を圧延した。最後に、得られた正極集電体と正極合材との積層体を所定の電極サイズに切断し、正極集電体の両面に正極合材層を備える正極を作製した。
負極(負極集電体)として矩形の電解銅箔(厚み12μm)を準備した。電解銅箔の一方の表面に、ディスペンサを用いてポリイミドインクを吐出し、その後、真空乾燥させて、ポリイミド樹脂製のスペーサを図4に示すスポット形状に形成した。
ECとDMCとを、EC:DMC=30:70の容積比で混合した。得られた混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1モル/Lと、LiBF2(C2O4)を0.1モル/Lと、なるようにそれぞれ溶解させて、液体の非水電解質を調製した。
上記で得られた正極に、Al製のタブを取り付けた。上記で得られた負極ユニットの負極集電体に、Ni製のタブを取り付けた。不活性ガス雰囲気中で、正極と負極とをセパレータを介して渦巻状に巻回し、巻回型の電極群を作製した。電極群に含まれるリチウムは全て正極に由来するため、正極および負極が有するリチウムの合計量mLiと、正極が有する金属M(ここではNi、CoおよびAl)の量mMとのモル比:mLi/mMは1.0である。セパレータには、ポリエチレン製の微多孔膜を用いた。得られた電極群を、Al層を備えるラミネートシートで形成される袋状の外装体に収容し、電極群を収容した外装体に上記非水電解質を注入した後、外装体を封止してリチウム二次電池A1を作製した。
負極ユニットの作製において、複数の凸部群における長手方向の配列間隔(スポット状凸部を結ぶ短手方向に平行な直線間の距離)を、3.536mmとした。上記以外については、実施例1と同様にして、リチウム二次電池A2を作製した。負極の表面(片面)の面積に対する、負極の表面(片面)がスペーサで覆われる面積の割合(負極表面のスペーサによる被覆率)は、6.3%であった。
負極ユニットの作製において、複数の凸部群を、凸部群内におけるスポット状凸部51の短手方向における位置が複数の凸部群の間で一致するように長手方向に配置した。凸部群内におけるスポット状凸部の短手方向の配列間隔(スポット状凸部の中心間距離)は、1.768mmとした。複数の凸部群における長手方向の配列間隔(スポット状凸部を結ぶ短手方向に平行な直線間の距離)は、3.536mmとした。負極の表面(片面)の面積に対する、負極の表面(片面)がスペーサで覆われる面積の割合(負極表面のスペーサによる被覆率)は、12.6%であった。上記以外については、実施例1と同様にして、リチウム二次電池A3を作製した。
負極ユニットの作製において、負極の長手方向に沿ってライン状に延びるように、スペーサを形成した。長手方向に延びるスペーサ(ライン状凸部)の短手方向の幅は、1mmとした。ライン状凸部の短手方向の配列間隔(ライン状凸部の中心線間の距離)は、5mmとした。負極の表面(片面)がスペーサで覆われる面積の割合(負極表面のスペーサによる被覆率)は、20%であった。上記以外については、実施例1と同様にして、リチウム二次電池B1を作製した。
得られた各電池について、充放電試験を行った。充放電試験では、25℃の恒温槽内において、以下の条件で電池の充電を行った後、20分間休止して、以下の条件で放電を行った。
電極の単位面積(平方センチメートル)あたり2.15mAの電流で、電池電圧が4.1Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.1Vの電圧で、電極の単位面積あたりの電流値が0.54mAになるまで定電圧充電を行った。
電極の単位面積(平方センチメートル)あたり2.15mAの電流で、電池電圧が3.75Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。
11 正極
12 負極ユニット
13 セパレータ
14 電極群
15 ケース本体
16 封口体
17、18 絶縁板
19 正極リード
20 負極リード
21 段部
22 フィルタ
23 下弁体
24 絶縁部材
25 上弁体
26 キャップ
27 ガスケット
30 正極集電体
31 正極合材層
40 負極
50 スペーサ
51 スポット状凸部
52A~52D 凸部群
Claims (8)
- 正極と、
前記正極に対向する負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されるセパレータと、
リチウムイオン伝導性を有する非水電解質と、
前記負極と前記セパレータとの間に配置されるスペーサと、
を備え、
充電時に前記負極にリチウム金属が析出し、放電時に前記負極から前記リチウム金属が溶解し、
前記スペーサは、複数のスポット状凸部を有する、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記スペーサは、前記複数のスポット状凸部が帯状の前記負極の短手方向に等間隔で配置された複数の凸部群を含み、
前記複数の凸部群が前記負極の長手方向に等間隔で配列され、且つ隣り合う前記凸部群において、前記スポット状凸部の短手方向における位置がずれて配置されている、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。 - 隣り合う前記凸部群において、前記スポット状凸部の短手方向における位置が前記凸部群における前記複数のスポット状凸部の配列の間隔の半分だけずれている、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記スペーサの高さhは、0.015mm以上、0.1mm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記複数のスポット状凸部の一部の高さが、前記複数のスポット状凸部の残部の高さと異なる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記複数の凸部は、樹脂材料で構成されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記複数のスポット状凸部に対して、前記スポット状凸部を通り且つ前負極の記短手方向に平行な直線を引いたとき、隣り合う前記直線間の距離が、1.5mm以上、4.0mm以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極の表面の面積に対する、前記負極の表面が前記スペーサで覆われる面積の割合が、5%以上、20%以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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JP2016184710A (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-20 | Jmエナジー株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスおよび一軸延伸セパレータ |
JP2018073817A (ja) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-05-10 | 輝能科技股▲分▼有限公司Prologium Technology Co., Ltd. | リチウム金属電極およびそれに関連するリチウム金属電池 |
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JP2016184710A (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-20 | Jmエナジー株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスおよび一軸延伸セパレータ |
JP2018073817A (ja) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-05-10 | 輝能科技股▲分▼有限公司Prologium Technology Co., Ltd. | リチウム金属電極およびそれに関連するリチウム金属電池 |
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