WO2023006730A1 - Bobine d'arrêt pouvant être commandée et procédé de limitation d'un courant électrique - Google Patents

Bobine d'arrêt pouvant être commandée et procédé de limitation d'un courant électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023006730A1
WO2023006730A1 PCT/EP2022/070916 EP2022070916W WO2023006730A1 WO 2023006730 A1 WO2023006730 A1 WO 2023006730A1 EP 2022070916 W EP2022070916 W EP 2022070916W WO 2023006730 A1 WO2023006730 A1 WO 2023006730A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil core
coil
choke
bores
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/070916
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Florian FENSKE
Original Assignee
Fenske Florian
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fenske Florian filed Critical Fenske Florian
Priority to EP22757881.2A priority Critical patent/EP4377977A1/fr
Publication of WO2023006730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023006730A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a controllable inductor and a method based thereon for limiting an electric current.
  • Choke coils are used as current limiters in the field of power supply for electrical or electronic devices, in power electronics and in low and high frequency technology. For example, they act as actuators in the energy network, for filtering, as overvoltage protection, in
  • Reactive power compensation devices as energy storage or for load flow control.
  • Choke coils comprise at least one choke winding and a usually magnetic coil core, in particular made of a soft magnetic material, which is available in a solid or laminated design, for example in the form of sintered ferrites or electrical steel.
  • the inductance of choke coils is largely determined by the design of the magnetic circuit, and it is known in the prior art to vary the inductance of a choke coil by deliberately changing the length of an air gap in the coil core.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of such a choke coil 1a with a choke winding 2 and a magnetic coil core 3 with an air gap 30, the gap width d of which can be varied by moving a movable coil core segment.
  • 1b shows associated characteristic curves of the choke coil as a function of the gap width d, namely the flux linkage y, ie the total magnetic flux through the choke coil, and the inductance L as a function of the current I through the choke coil (each in any units).
  • the yI characteristics show a linear course up to
  • FIG. 2a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a corresponding inductor coil 1b and FIG. 2b the associated y-I or L-I characteristic curves.
  • the Virtual Air Gap concept is based on an adjustable
  • the bores 4 run perpendicular to the main magnetic flux direction of the relevant segment of the coil core 3.
  • a control current Is When the control winding is energized by means of a control current Is, a magnetic flux is introduced around the bores 4 in the coil core 3, which is shown schematically using the dashed or dash-dotted flux lines.
  • the control current Is can thus be used to influence the flux linkage characteristic y(I, Is) and the inductance L(l, Is) of the choke coil.
  • the control current Is contains an alternating current component, which consists of a spectrum of harmonics in relation to the inductor current I.
  • the spectrum of the AC component must be determined by controlling the amplitude and the phase shift to the inductor current I and provided by the power source of the control current Is.
  • the determination of the harmonic spectrum by the regulation is not trivial and the associated current source of the control current Is has a complex structure. The method is thus disadvantageously complex and error-prone.
  • the technical teaching of the invention discloses a controllable choke coil, comprising at least one choke winding and a magnetic coil core, which has a longitudinal direction corresponding to the main magnetic flux direction, a first transverse direction and a second transverse direction, the three directions being oriented in pairs perpendicular to one another, the coil core being at least has three holes
  • a distance from at least one bore to an outer edge of the coil core in the first transverse direction is greater than o a distance from the bore to a further boundary of the coil core, and/or o half a distance from a further bore, with a control winding passing through the bores runs such that a bias magnetization of the coil core can be generated by means of a control current through the control winding.
  • the invention is based on the idea of carrying out an appropriate modification of the virtual air gap concept, which affects the number of bores for accommodating the control winding and their arrangement in relation to one another or relative to the surface of the coil core.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c initially serve to illustrate the arrangement of the bores according to the invention. These show schematic views of a section of a coil core 3 through which one or two bores 4 run.
  • the coil core 3 has a direction of longitudinal extent Z, which corresponds to the local main magnetic flux direction, and a plane of transverse extent that is orthogonal to the direction of longitudinal extent Z, which is spanned by the first direction of transverse extent X and the second direction of transverse extent Y.
  • the bores 4 run essentially along the second direction of transverse extent Y, with at most one bore 4 running in each plane of transverse extent.
  • the distance x1 of a bore 4 to an outer edge of the coil core 3 in the first transverse direction X is greater than a distance x2 or a distance z1 of the bore 4 to a further boundary of the coil core 3 ( Figures 3a and 3b), or the distance x1 is greater than half the distance d4 to another hole 4 ( Figure 3c).
  • the arrangement of the bores according to the invention always aims to create a geometric constriction for the magnetic flux introduced by the control winding, and in this context only the distances between the bore and the nearest outer edges of the coil core are decisive.
  • the distances to the nearest outer edges determine the magnetization distribution that occurs around the energized control winding bore, and the influence of the other dimensional-geometric design of the coil core is negligible in comparison.
  • the main magnetic flux direction is to be understood as meaning the local main flux direction in a relevant coil core segment, as illustrated in FIG.
  • a U-shaped coil core 3 is shown therein by way of example, which comprises one horizontal and two vertical coil core segments, the transitions of which are represented by the dashed boundary lines.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5c show schematic views of a coil core 3 with bores 4 arranged according to the invention, through which the control winding 5 runs, which in the case of FIG. 5a runs through each bore 4 only once and in the case of FIGS. 5b and 5c several times through each bore 4 runs.
  • control current a higher control current is generated by the control current, or a lower control current is required to generate an identical control current.
  • different winding concepts of the control winding can be used to appropriately influence the pre-magnetization of the coil core.
  • FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9a simulated distributions of the magnetic flux density in soft-magnetic coil cores 3 are shown as field line images, which result when the control winding is energized with different arrangements of the bores 4.
  • a schematic representation of the underlying model is shown in the respective left partial image, i.e. the position of the bores 4 in the coil core 3, with the position being varied systematically in each case, on which the distributions of the magnetic flux density shown in the further partial images are based in each case.
  • the simulation is based on a fixed control amperage through the bores 4, with the choke winding of the associated choke coil being de-energized in each case.
  • the sign of the control flux of each bore 4 is represented by a dot or cross symbol.
  • the distance between the bores 4 and the outer edges of the coil core 3 is varied systematically in the first transverse direction X, ie the ratio x2/x1 is varied.
  • the control current is sufficiently high, the pre-magnetization in the extension planes of the two bores 4 is driven completely into saturation, so that the coil core 3 is unable to absorb any further magnetic flux from energizing the choke winding and the inductance of the choke coil is thus greatly reduced.
  • This exclusively central arrangement of the bores 4 corresponds to the virtual air gap concept according to the prior art and results in characteristic curves which correspond to the illustrations in FIG. 2b. If the bores 4 are displaced in the first transverse direction X, ie if the ratio x2/x1 is reduced, an asymmetric distribution of magnetic flux density and premagnetization of the coil core 3 is formed in the transverse planes XY. With these eccentric arrangements of the bores 4, it is practically impossible to use the control current to generate complete saturation of the pre-magnetization in the entire plane of transverse extension of the respective bore 4, since the constriction given by the distance x2 limits the magnetic flux due to the lack of sources of the magnetic flux density.
  • FIG. 7 shows the flux distributions when the ratio of the length Lz to the width Bx of the coil core 3 varies, i.e. when the ratio z1/x1 varies.
  • Figure 8 shows the distribution of the magnetic flux density in the coil core 3 when the distance ratio x2/x1 of the bores 4 to the outer edges of the coil core 3 is varied in the first transverse direction X, with the bores 4 being offset in opposite directions and having a control flux in the same direction.
  • FIG. 6 shows the distribution of the magnetic flux density in the coil core 3 with variation of the distance d4 in the longitudinal direction Z between the two bores 4 through which the currents flow in opposite directions is transferred to a state of fully saturated pre-magnetization, which again limits the magnetic flux in the respective transverse planes XY of the bores 4, so that essentially no complete saturation of the pre-magnetization can be generated there by means of the control current.
  • Figure 9b shows characteristic curves of the magnetic flux F associated with the simulations of Figure 9a (in units of the saturation flux ⁇ J>sat) in the coil core as a function of a magnetic voltage V generated by energizing the choke winding with constant control flux Es of the control winding with variation of d4/x1 -Relationship according to the Representation of Figure 9a.
  • the characteristic curve F( ⁇ /) corresponds to an ordinary coil with a soft-magnetic core.
  • FIG. 10b the associated characteristics of the flux linkage Y in the coil core and the inductance L of the choke coil over the current I are shown applied the choke winding.
  • the desired characteristic is shown, which approximately corresponds to the ideal behavior of a choke coil with a mechanically variable air gap width according to Figures 1a and 1b, i.e. an inductance which is approximately constant over the entire working range of the choke coil and varies monotonically and monotonously by means of the control current Is can vary approximately linearly (power function with an exponent between 1 and 2) over a wide range of values.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is that only a direct current is required as the control current Is for the aforementioned control of the inductance of the inductance coil, ie the complex structure according to the prior art for generating an adapted alternating current as the control current can be dispensed with.
  • the coil core of the inductor coil according to the invention has at least one air gap, which extends in a plane of transverse extension of the coil core, with a boundary of the coil core being formed by the air gap.
  • the provision of air gaps is used to "statically" influence the inductance of the choke coil.
  • the coil core has, for example, a plurality of pairs of bores, with the pairs having different distances between the associated bores.
  • the bores can, for example, have different distances from an outer edge of the coil core in the first transverse direction.
  • constrictions of different dimensions are created for the magnetic flux in the transverse planes of the bores, which results in the desired quasi-linearization of the characteristics of the magnetic flux as a function of the magnetic voltage.
  • at least one of the bores can be designed as an elongated hole.
  • a slot can accommodate a larger number of turns of the control winding, so that a higher control amperage can be achieved.
  • the coil core has a plurality of cuboid coil core segments which are separated from one another by air gaps, each coil core segment having a bore and the coil core segments being different
  • the choke coil according to the invention is multi-phase, wherein the choke coil several
  • the inductor includes a
  • Direct current source and an associated controller by means of which the control current can be introduced into the control winding to produce a desired pre-magnetization in the coil core.
  • the invention also relates to a method for limiting an electric current by means of a controllable inductor according to the invention, the current to be limited being introduced into the inductor winding and a control current being introduced into the control winding, which produces a pre-magnetization suitable for the desired current limitation in the coil core of the inductor .
  • the control current is generated, for example, by a direct current source.
  • the current to be limited is in the form of a pulsed direct current which, after passing through the choke winding, passes through the control winding, as a result of which the control current is formed.
  • the pulsed direct current has a direct and an alternating current component, the alternating current component being preferably significantly smaller than the direct current component, for example being one third of the direct current component.
  • the inductance of the choke coil is consequently determined by the current to be limited.
  • the direct current component and the alternating current component of the mixed current can be separated from one another within the scope of the method according to the invention, with the control current being formed by the direct current component.
  • the separation into direct current and alternating current components can be carried out, for example, by means of a choke winding, which comprises two parallel windings, one of which consists of a stranded wire bundle and the other of a low-resistance solid wire or another solid conductor, e.g. with a rectangular profile, so that the alternating current component through the stranded wire bundle and the direct current component runs through the solid conductor, with the direct current component then running through the control winding as control current.
  • control current can also be formed from a combination of a component supplied by a direct current source and a component from the current to be limited become. Two separate control windings can be provided for this purpose, for example.
  • FIG. 11 to FIG. 20 show inductor coils 100 according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view.
  • the control windings are not shown in most of the figures. According to the previous description, the control windings each run through the holes in the coil core. The arrangement of the bores corresponds in each case to the technical teaching of claim 1.
  • Figure 11 shows a choke coil 100 with a coil core 3, which comprises two U-shaped coil core segments 3U, which are separated from one another by an air gap 30, the bores 4 in both
  • Coil core segments 3U are introduced. Alternatively, holes could be made in only one of the coil core segments 3U.
  • the bores 4 form pairs, the pairs having different distances between the associated bores 4 .
  • the choke winding 2 runs around the coil core 3 in sections, with the choke winding 2 for example comprising two winding sections which can be connected either in parallel or in series.
  • Figure 12 shows a choke coil 100
  • the coil core 3 comprises two E-shaped coil core segments 3E, which are separated from one another by an air gap 30, the bores 4 in both Coil core segments 3E are introduced.
  • holes could be made in only one of the coil core segments 3E.
  • One of the bores 4 is designed as an elongated hole, whereby a higher control amperage is possible.
  • the coil core can also be designed as a sheathed core with only one air gap in the middle or air gaps only in the outer legs.
  • FIG. 13 shows a choke coil 100, the coil core 3 of which comprises four I-shaped coil core segments 3I, which are separated from one another in a rectangular arrangement by air gaps 30, the bores 4 being introduced here by way of example in two of the coil core segments 3I.
  • the bores 4 are grouped into pairs, the pairs having different distances between the bores 4 and the bores 4 in pairs having different distances from an outer edge of the coil core 3 in the first transverse direction.
  • Figure 14 and Figure 15 show choke coils 1, whose coil cores 3 each comprise an I-shaped coil core segment 3I and two U-shaped coil core segments 3U, which are separated from one another by air gaps 30, the bores 4 being introduced into the I-shaped coil core segment 3I by way of example .
  • the outer coil core segments can also be designed as half toroidal cores.
  • FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 show choke coils 1, the coil cores 3 of which are ring-shaped, with the bores 4 running through the coil core 3 in the axial direction (FIG. 16) or in the radial direction (FIG. 17).
  • the main flow direction of the magnetic flux F corresponding to the longitudinal direction Z of the coil core 3 is circular here and the first transverse direction X′, X′′.
  • Figure 16 and the second direction of transverse extent Y′, Y′′ Figure 17 are oriented radially, ie are different for each bore 4 .
  • FIG. 18 shows a current limiter 100 according to the invention for a two-phase current with a choke coil 100, which has two choke windings 2.1, 2.2 and two associated coil core legs 3.1.
  • each of the coil core segments 3a, 3b, 3c having a bore 4, and with the coil core segments 3a, 3b, 3c having different dimensions in the longitudinal direction relatively have to dimension in the first transverse direction.
  • the choke coil 100 can also be operated in a single phase, for which purpose the two choke windings 2.1,
  • 2.2 are to be connected in series or in parallel.
  • FIG. 19 shows another two-phase choke coil 100 with a coil core 3, which comprises an annular coil core segment 3R and an I-shaped coil core segment 3I arranged therein, with the bores 4 only being made in the I-shaped coil core segment 3I, for example.
  • the choke windings 2.1, 2.2 for the two current phases are arranged in sections around the ring-shaped coil core segment 3R.
  • FIG. 20 shows a choke coil 100 for a three-phase alternating current.
  • the three choke windings 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 are each for one phase IL1,
  • IL2, IL3 of the three-phase alternating current are provided and the associated coil core legs 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 each comprise four cuboid coil core segments 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, through which a bore 4 runs.
  • the control current Is is through the control winding 5 all bores 4 are conducted, successive bores 4 being flooded in opposite directions, and the coil core segments 3I acting as a yoke guiding the control winding 5 between the coil core legs 3.1, 3.2, 3.3.
  • Fig. 1b simulated characteristic curves for Fig. 1a
  • Fig. 2b simulated characteristic curves for Fig. 2a
  • Fig. 6 Simulated flux density distributions in a coil core
  • Fig. 7 Simulated flux density distributions in a coil core
  • Fig. 8 Simulated flux density distributions in a coil core
  • Fig. 9b characteristic curves for Fig. 9a
  • Fig. 10b Characteristic curves for Fig. 10a
  • Fig. 11 first embodiment of an inventive
  • choke coil, 12 second exemplary embodiment of a choke coil according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 third exemplary embodiment of an inductor according to the invention
  • Fig. 14 fourth exemplary embodiment of an inductor coil according to the invention
  • Fig. 15 fifth exemplary embodiment of an inductor coil according to the invention
  • Fig. 16 sixth exemplary embodiment of an inductor coil according to the invention
  • Fig. 17 seventh exemplary embodiment of an inductor coil according to the invention
  • 18 eighth exemplary embodiment of a choke coil according to the invention
  • FIG. 19 ninth exemplary embodiment of a choke coil according to the invention

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une bobine d'arrêt (100) pouvant être commandée, laquelle comprend au moins un enroulement de bobine d'arrêt (2) et un noyau de bobine (3) magnétique, qui présente une direction d'extension longitudinale (Z) correspondant à la direction de flux principal magnétique, une première direction d'extension transversale (X) et une seconde direction d'extension transversale (Y), les trois directions d'extension (X, Y, Z) étant orientées par paires perpendiculairement les unes aux autres, le noyau de bobine (3) comportant au moins trois trous (4), les trous (4) s'étendant sensiblement le long de la seconde direction d'extension transversale (Y), au maximum un trou (4) s'étendant dans chaque plan d'extension transversale du noyau de bobine (3), qui est défini par la première direction d'extension transversale (X) et la seconde direction d'extension transversale (Y), et une distance (x1) entre au moins un trou (4) et un bord extérieur du noyau de bobine (3) dans la première direction d'extension transversale (X) étant supérieure à une distance (x2, z1) entre le trou (4) et un autre bord du noyau de bobine (3), et/ou la moitié d'une distance (d4) par rapport à un autre trou (4), un enroulement de commande (5) s'étendant à travers les trous (4) de telle sorte qu'une prémagnétisation du noyau de bobine (3) peut être produite par alimentation en courant de l'enroulement de commande (5).
PCT/EP2022/070916 2021-07-28 2022-07-26 Bobine d'arrêt pouvant être commandée et procédé de limitation d'un courant électrique WO2023006730A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22757881.2A EP4377977A1 (fr) 2021-07-28 2022-07-26 Bobine d'arrêt pouvant être commandée et procédé de limitation d'un courant électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021119659.0A DE102021119659A1 (de) 2021-07-28 2021-07-28 Steuerbare Drosselspule und Verfahren zur Begrenzung eines elektrischen Stroms
DE102021119659.0 2021-07-28

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WO2023006730A1 true WO2023006730A1 (fr) 2023-02-02

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3207976A (en) * 1961-11-08 1965-09-21 Stimler Morton Progressive magnetic saturation device
EP2686931B1 (fr) 2011-03-18 2015-05-06 Electricité de France Limiteur série de courant par circuit magnétique à trous et fenêtres

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1095601A (fr) 1978-08-28 1981-02-10 Alfred M. Hase Traduction non-disponible
US7663350B2 (en) 2006-07-13 2010-02-16 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag External electrical energy supply for field device
CN104157432A (zh) 2014-07-11 2014-11-19 戴如宏 立体卷铁芯可调式电抗器
EP3133614B1 (fr) 2015-08-18 2019-11-20 Delta Electronics (Thailand) Public Co., Ltd. Composant magnétique intégré
US11502614B2 (en) 2020-01-15 2022-11-15 Raytheon Company Magnetic components with electrically variable characteristics

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3207976A (en) * 1961-11-08 1965-09-21 Stimler Morton Progressive magnetic saturation device
EP2686931B1 (fr) 2011-03-18 2015-05-06 Electricité de France Limiteur série de courant par circuit magnétique à trous et fenêtres

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PFEIFFER ET AL: "Impact of implementation of auxiliary bias-windings on controllable inductors for power electronic converters", 22ND EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, 7 September 2020 (2020-09-07), pages 1 - 10, XP033835192, DOI: 10.23919/EPE20ECCEEUROPE43536.2020.9215616 *

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EP4377977A1 (fr) 2024-06-05

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