EP2709124B1 - Transformateur - Google Patents

Transformateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2709124B1
EP2709124B1 EP12006409.2A EP12006409A EP2709124B1 EP 2709124 B1 EP2709124 B1 EP 2709124B1 EP 12006409 A EP12006409 A EP 12006409A EP 2709124 B1 EP2709124 B1 EP 2709124B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
transformer
winding
transformer according
limb
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12006409.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2709124A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Cornelius
Jiahua ZHANG
Martin Carlen
Thorsten Steinmetz
Benjamin Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP12006409.2A priority Critical patent/EP2709124B1/fr
Priority to ES12006409.2T priority patent/ES2532363T3/es
Priority to CN201380047350.7A priority patent/CN104603891B/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2013/002451 priority patent/WO2014040682A1/fr
Publication of EP2709124A1 publication Critical patent/EP2709124A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2709124B1 publication Critical patent/EP2709124B1/fr
Priority to US14/632,400 priority patent/US20150170821A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2847—Sheets; Strips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/29—Terminals; Tapping arrangements for signal inductances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38—Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
    • H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer having the features of patent claim 1.
  • transformers are used in electrical power distribution networks to couple power supplies of different voltage levels together.
  • Such transformers are often designed as dry transformers in a consumer or near-generator voltage level and have, for example rated voltages in the range of 1 kV to 6kV on the low side and rated voltages in the range of 10kV to 30kV on the upper side, with corresponding power ratings in the range of, for example, 0.5 MVA to 10 MVA lie.
  • rated voltages in the range of 1 kV to 6kV on the low side
  • 10kV to 30kV rated voltages in the range of 10kV to 30kV on the upper side
  • power ratings in the range of, for example, 0.5 MVA to 10 MVA lie.
  • the rated power of a transformer depends on the performance of an associated wind turbine.
  • the low-voltage windings are often designed wound from a strip conductor, the width of a strip conductor usually corresponds to the complete axial length of a respective transformer winding.
  • the number of undervoltage-side windings for example, in the range of ten turns, in particular also in applications for wind turbines, where the generator generated voltage is correspondingly low and is set by the transformer to a higher operating level.
  • the active part of a transformer has a closed iron circuit and at least one upper and lower voltage winding with integer, closed turns around the respective core leg.
  • the induced voltage per closed conductor loop depends on the mains frequency, flux density and core cross section.
  • the disadvantage is, on the one hand, that a high-voltage side arranged tap changer is very complex to manufacture due to the high voltage stress and that the regulation of the voltage can be minimal in that voltage grading, which corresponds to the induced voltage of a complete turn. With voltage regulation, the minimum control level is therefore limited to the voltage difference between two turns. This is particularly disadvantageous in the aforementioned undervoltage band windings, because due to the relatively low total number of turns, for example in the range of ten, a fine control in the range of, for example, +/- 15% in, for example, 1.5% steps around the nominal ratio not possible.
  • a transformer of the aforementioned type This is characterized in that the cross section of the core leg and / or a trained core yoke of the transformer core has at least two areas separated transversely from each other in a cross-sectional plane imagined transversely to their respective extension, and that at least a turn of the respective additional winding is guided through the opening
  • the basic idea of the invention is to reduce the induced voltage of a complete turn, which is intended for control purposes, by not enclosing the cross section of the complete core leg or of a core yoke of the transformer core, but only a part of the cross section.
  • the invention provides that the core leg cross-section or the core yoke cross-section have at least two regions in a cross-sectional plane which is transversal to their respective extent, which are separated from one another by an opening.
  • the extension is to be understood in the longitudinal direction of a respective leg or yoke section.
  • a breakthrough can be realized for example by means of a bore, which is guided by the core leg or the core yoke.
  • a channel-like opening for a roundish conductor for example, can also be created by means of corresponding recesses in a sheet-metal layer area.
  • the opening is designed as a gap, which extends along the core leg extends. Such a gap can be implemented particularly easily, depending on the transformer core type.
  • the subdivision can be arbitrary in principle to meet the requirements of controllability, z. B. 1/3, or 1/4.
  • Specific voltage levels can also be realized by placing several turns around a part of the leg, for example 3 turns around 1/4 of the core leg cross section, 4 turns around 1/5 of the core leg cross section or 9 turns around 1/10 of the core leg cross section. If the windings are placed separately around a part of the core leg cross-section, the wiring can be used by the choice of the winding sense or the polarity of the (additional) winding in order to make it appear either additive or subtractive. This makes it possible to reduce the number of (additional) turns required for the voltage controllability.
  • the stress can be regulated in +/- 25% steps of the full turn tension by dividing the core leg cross-sectional area into three areas whose contents are 50%, 25% and 25% of the total cross-sectional area. This achieves +/- 25%, +/- 50% and +/- 75% full turn steps.
  • At least the additional winding is formed by a ribbon conductor, but ideally also the main winding.
  • a ribbon cable is due to its high filling factor in a special way for a low-voltage transformer winding, where at relatively low rated voltages in the range of, for example, some 100V to over 1 kV is expected to correspondingly high currents, which may well exceed 1000 A.
  • a ribbon conductor manufacturing technology is also particularly easy to guide through a gap according to the invention, which separates two core leg portions from each other.
  • such a ribbon conductor has a width which corresponds to the total axial height of the respective winding, so that a conductor layer in each case comprises exactly one turn.
  • the gap winding conductor For safe electrical insulation of the guided through the gap winding conductor, it is inventively provided that this is surrounded at least in the region of the gap of an additional layer of an electrical insulation material.
  • the gap is formed by the typically grounded transformer core and therefore isolation technology of particular importance, especially because - depending on the current interconnection of the auxiliary winding - in the guided through the gap winding (s) and the full nominal voltage can be applied.
  • isolation technology of particular importance, especially because - depending on the current interconnection of the auxiliary winding - in the guided through the gap winding (s) and the full nominal voltage can be applied.
  • the additional winding is provided with several accessing to different turns taps.
  • the auxiliary winding has a fine graduation region which is characterized by taps of turns of the additional winding guided through the respective gap of a core limb. These each have an induced voltage, which is lower than the induced voltage of the respective core leg completely comprehensive turn.
  • a coarse graduation range can be provided, which is characterized by taps of the core legs in each case completely comprehensive turns.
  • transformer switching means are provided to selectively connect the main winding with one of the taps of the auxiliary winding, so that the number of active turns of the electrically connected main and auxiliary winding is thus adaptable.
  • separate switching means are provided for coarse and fine grading range of the auxiliary winding.
  • the switching means comprise a tap changer and / or power electronic components.
  • Tap changers have proved their worth for the selective selection and connection of taps of a transformer winding as a standard component.
  • power electronic components such as thyristors or IGBTs are also provided.
  • the invention can be applied to any type of transformer core, in particular to three-core cores, five-limbed cores or even a transformer with a triangular plan. These may for example be layered or wound. However, some special embodiments are to be presented in more detail below.
  • the transformer core is formed from a rectangular-like outer core ring disk and at least two rectangular-shaped inner core ring disks enclosed by the latter, wherein a respective gap is formed in the leg region between adjoining sections of the core ring disks.
  • the basic structure of such a transformer core corresponds - apart from the respective columns - in principle, the construction of an Evans transformer core.
  • the core ring discs are preferably made of each wound strip material.
  • amorphous strip material can be used for this example, however, a layering of the sheet-like core material is possible.
  • a further variant of the transformer according to the invention is characterized in that the transformer core is formed from three rectangular-shaped core ring disks arranged in a triangle, wherein a respective gap is formed in the leg region between adjoining sections of the core ring disks. Again, it is possible to wrap a core ring disc either from a band-like material or even to layer a sheet-like material.
  • the transformer core is a toroidal core, by which the at least one core leg is formed.
  • the entire toroidal core is then to be regarded as a bent transformer core leg, at least two toroidal core modules being provided to form the gap running along the toroidal core according to the invention.
  • a further winding which is galvanically separated therefrom is arranged radially around the main winding.
  • the main winding is on the low side and the other winding is connected on the high side.
  • the transmission ratio of the transformer is determined. This is carried out in accordance with a further embodiment, three-phase. This is particularly useful when used in an energy distribution network.
  • the main winding arranged around a transformer core leg is electrically connected in series with an additional winding which is arranged around the same core leg.
  • the main winding arranged around a transformer core leg is electrically connected in series with an additional winding which is arranged around an adjacent transformer core leg.
  • a phase shift of 120 ° or 240 ° results between the voltage induced in the main winding and the auxiliary winding.
  • an oblique control with a 60 ° angle can be realized.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary cross section of a first core leg 10, which is formed by two similar core leg modules each having the same cross-sectional areas 12, 14, wherein between a gap 16 is formed, which separates the cross-sectional areas 12 and 14 from each other.
  • a first cross-sectional area 12 which constitutes 50% of the total cross-sectional area of the core leg 10
  • two exemplary windings 18, 20 of a ribbon conductor are arranged, which are guided through the gap 16 and form part of an exemplary additional winding. Accordingly, since each of the two windings embraces only 50% of the total core leg cross-section, the voltage induced during operation in a respective winding is only 50% of the voltage of a conductor which encompasses the entire core leg cross-section. In this way, a finer voltage gradation of the taps is realized, which are identified by the reference numerals 22 and 24. These are intended to be connected to a tap changer, not shown, which in turn is connected to a main winding, not shown.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exemplary cross section of a second core leg 30, which is formed by two core leg modules, the cross-sectional areas 32 and 34 are divided approximately in the ratio 1: 3.
  • the first cross-sectional region 32 which makes up about 25% of the total core leg cross-sectional area, is encompassed by a first winding 38 of an additional winding guided through a gap 36, a second winding 40 of the additional winding embracing the entire core leg cross-section. Accordingly, the magnitude of the voltage induced in operation in the first winding 38 is 25% of the voltage induced in operation in the second winding 40.
  • the reference numerals 42 and 44 are intended to be connected to a tap changer, not shown, which in turn is connected to a main winding, not shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary first transformer core 50 in a sectional view.
  • a rectangular-like outer core ring disk 52 for example, with a width of 2m and a height of 1.5m, encloses two also rectangular-like inner core ring disks 54, 56, so that a transformer core with three core legs 64 is formed, each core leg 64 in turn is formed from two adjacent leg portions of respective core ring discs. Between the leg portions, a respective gap 58 is formed, which is provided so that one or more winding conductors of a radially inwardly arranged around the respective core leg and not shown additional winding are passed through this.
  • Such a gap 58 can be realized very simply in that the sum of the outer widths of the inner core ring disks is smaller than the inner width of the outer core ring disk encompassing them.
  • Kernringusionn can be made for example of wound strip material or even from layered sheet metal.
  • Fig. 4 shows an exemplary second transformer core 70 in a sectional view top view.
  • Three rectangular-like core ring disks 72, 74, 76 are disposed adjacent in an equilateral triangle with adjacent leg portions forming a respective core leg 78, 80 with a respective gap 82 therebetween.
  • an exemplary first turn 84 of an auxiliary winding which encompasses 50% of the cross sectional area of the corresponding core leg and into which a correspondingly reduced voltage is induced during operation.
  • a second exemplary turn 86 of the auxiliary winding encompasses the entire cross-sectional area of the same core leg.
  • the additional winding is connectable by means of the terminals 88, 90, for example, with a tap changer, not shown, a main winding, not shown.
  • Fig. 5 shows an exemplary transformer 100, which is designed as a toroidal transformer.
  • the ring-like transformer core has a ring-like radially outer first part 102 and a ring-like radially inner part 104, wherein a gap is formed therebetween.
  • the transformer core it is also possible to form the transformer core not exactly circular, but also, for example, polygonal.
  • Two exemplary main windings 106a, b and two exemplary auxiliary windings 108a, b are provided along the ring-like extension of the transformer core and encompassing it, which are connected to a low-side winding, as not shown.
  • the additional windings 108a, b encompass only a portion of the core cross-section and it is induced during operation, a correspondingly lower voltage per turn. In combination with corresponding taps and with, for example, a tap changer results in a fine-level control option of the low-voltage winding. Also arranged on the ring core are two further galvanically isolated windings 107a, b, which are connected to a high-voltage winding.
  • Fig. 6 1 shows an exemplary series connection of a main winding 112 and an additional winding 114 to a low-side winding with respective terminals 120, 122.
  • the auxiliary winding has a plurality of taps 116, wherein between adjacent taps in each case a winding guided according to the invention through a gap of an associated transformer core not shown, which encompasses, for example, in each case 1/6 of a respective core leg cross-section.
  • a tap changer 118 is provided to make electrical contact with a respectively selected tap 116 and to make a series connection of main winding 112 to the corresponding part of the auxiliary winding 114.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Transformateur, comprenant un noyau de transformateur (50, 70) avec au moins une branche de noyau (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104) ainsi qu'un enroulement principal (106a,b, 112) disposé autour de la branche de noyau respective (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104) dans une région d'enroulement (62) de type cylindre creux et un enroulement supplémentaire (108a,b, 114) disposé à proximité du noyau et connecté électriquement à l'enroulement principal,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la section transversale de la branche de noyau (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104) et/ou d'une culasse de noyau réalisée du noyau de transformateur (50, 70), dans un plan imaginaire en section transversale transversalement par rapport à son étendue respective, présente au moins deux régions (12, 14, 32, 34) séparées par un orifice et en ce qu'au moins une spire (18, 20, 38, 40, 84, 86) de l'enroulement supplémentaire respectif (108a,b, 114) est guidée à travers l'orifice.
  2. Transformateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice est une fente qui s'étend le long de la branche de noyau (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104).
  3. Transformateur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'enroulement supplémentaire (108a,b, 114) est formé par un conducteur plat.
  4. Transformateur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur plat est entouré au moins dans la région de l'orifice (16, 36, 58, 60, 82) par une couche supplémentaire en matériau électriquement isolant.
  5. Transformateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'enroulement supplémentaire (108a,b, 114) est pourvu de plusieurs prises (22, 24, 42, 44, 116) accédant à différentes spires (18, 20, 38, 40, 84, 86) de l'enroulement supplémentaire (108a,b, 114).
  6. Transformateur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que des moyens de commutation sont prévus pour relier l'enroulement principal de manière sélective à l'une des prises (22, 24, 42, 44, 116) de telle sorte que le nombre des spires actives de l'enroulement principal (106a,b, 112) et de l'enroulement supplémentaire (108a,b, 114) connectés électriquement puisse être adapté à ceux-ci.
  7. Transformateur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commutation comprennent un commutateur à plots (118) et/ou des composants électroniques de puissance.
  8. Transformateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le noyau de transformateur (50, 70) est formé d'un disque annulaire de noyau extérieur de type rectangulaire (52) et d'au moins deux disques annulaires de noyau intérieurs de type rectangulaire (54, 56) entourés par celui-ci, une fente respective (16, 36, 58, 60, 82) étant formée dans la région des branches entre des portions mutuellement adjacentes des disques annulaires de noyau (52, 54, 56).
  9. Transformateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le noyau de transformateur (50, 70) est formé de trois disques annulaires de noyau (72, 74, 76) de type rectangulaire disposés en triangle, une fente respective (16, 36, 58, 60, 82) étant formée dans la région des branches entre des portions mutuellement adjacentes des disques annulaires de noyau (72, 74, 76).
  10. Transformateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le noyau de transformateur (50, 70) est un noyau annulaire formant l'au moins une branche de noyau (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104).
  11. Transformateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un enroulement supplémentaire isolé galvaniquement (107a,b) est disposé radialement autour de l'enroulement principal (106a,b, 112).
  12. Transformateur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que celui-ci est réalisé sous forme triphasée.
  13. Transformateur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'enroulement principal (106a,b, 112) disposé autour d'une branche de noyau de transformateur (10, 30, 64, 78, 80) est branché électriquement en série avec un enroulement supplémentaire (108a,b, 114) qui est disposé autour de la même branche de noyau (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104).
  14. Transformateur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'enroulement principal (106, 112) disposé autour d'une branche de noyau de transformateur (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104) est branché électriquement en série avec un enroulement supplémentaire (106a,b, 114) qui est disposé autour d'une branche de noyau de transformateur adjacente (10, 30, 64, 78, 80, 102 + 104).
EP12006409.2A 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Transformateur Active EP2709124B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12006409.2A EP2709124B1 (fr) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Transformateur
ES12006409.2T ES2532363T3 (es) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Transformador
CN201380047350.7A CN104603891B (zh) 2012-09-12 2013-08-14 变压器
PCT/EP2013/002451 WO2014040682A1 (fr) 2012-09-12 2013-08-14 Transformateur
US14/632,400 US20150170821A1 (en) 2012-09-12 2015-02-26 Transformer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12006409.2A EP2709124B1 (fr) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Transformateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2709124A1 EP2709124A1 (fr) 2014-03-19
EP2709124B1 true EP2709124B1 (fr) 2015-01-07

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EP12006409.2A Active EP2709124B1 (fr) 2012-09-12 2012-09-12 Transformateur

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Country Link
US (1) US20150170821A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2709124B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104603891B (fr)
ES (1) ES2532363T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014040682A1 (fr)

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CN104183378A (zh) * 2014-09-10 2014-12-03 许玉蕊 一种线包品字形排列的三相变压器
JP6383034B1 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2018-08-29 ファナック株式会社 リアクトル
CN107170567B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2023-06-09 重庆祥龙电气股份有限公司 一种同期隔离变压器
DE102017126473A1 (de) 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 Abb Schweiz Ag Transformator zur Verwendung in einem Schienenfahrzeug

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2709124A1 (fr) 2014-03-19
US20150170821A1 (en) 2015-06-18
ES2532363T3 (es) 2015-03-26
CN104603891A (zh) 2015-05-06
WO2014040682A1 (fr) 2014-03-20
CN104603891B (zh) 2017-08-08

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