WO2023005924A1 - 电光调制器和电光器件 - Google Patents

电光调制器和电光器件 Download PDF

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WO2023005924A1
WO2023005924A1 PCT/CN2022/107914 CN2022107914W WO2023005924A1 WO 2023005924 A1 WO2023005924 A1 WO 2023005924A1 CN 2022107914 W CN2022107914 W CN 2022107914W WO 2023005924 A1 WO2023005924 A1 WO 2023005924A1
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electrode
signal
electro
optical
sub
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PCT/CN2022/107914
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English (en)
French (fr)
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梁寒潇
宋一品
周颖聪
巫海苍
毛文浩
宋时伟
孙维祺
俞清扬
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南京刻得不错光电科技有限公司
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Priority to EP22848529.8A priority Critical patent/EP4361719A1/en
Publication of WO2023005924A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005924A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G02F1/035Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/225Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to optoelectronic technology, in particular to an electro-optic modulator and an electro-optic device.
  • the electro-optic modulator is a modulator made by using the electro-optic effect of certain electro-optic crystals such as lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO 3 ), gallium arsenide crystal (GaAs) or lithium tantalate crystal (LiTaO 3 ).
  • electro-optic crystals such as lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO 3 ), gallium arsenide crystal (GaAs) or lithium tantalate crystal (LiTaO 3 ).
  • LiNbO 3 lithium niobate crystal
  • GaAs gallium arsenide crystal
  • LiTaO 3 lithium tantalate crystal
  • a common modulator in the electro-optical modulator is the Mach-Zehnder modulator. This interferometric modulator mainly uses the phase difference between the two arms of the modulator to complete the signal modulation of coherence enhancement and coherence cancellation.
  • an electro-optical modulator including: an optical splitter, configured to divide an optical input signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal; a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide, It is used to provide optical transmission paths for the first optical signal and the second optical signal respectively; the traveling wave electrode extends along the first direction and is used to transmit radio frequency signals, wherein the traveling wave electrode is included in the first A first ground electrode, a first signal electrode, a second signal electrode, and a second ground electrode arranged in sequence in two directions, the second direction crossing the first direction; and an extension electrode arranged along the optical transmission path The space between the first signal electrode and the second signal electrode is used for modulating the first optical signal and the second optical signal based on the radio frequency signal.
  • the extension electrode includes at least one first signal sub-electrode and two second signal sub-electrodes, which are arranged side by side in the second direction and each have a length direction parallel to the first direction, wherein the two The two second signal sub-electrodes are arranged on both sides of the at least one first signal sub-electrode.
  • the first optical waveguide is arranged between one second signal sub-electrode of the two second signal sub-electrodes and a first signal sub-electrode adjacent to the one second signal sub-electrode, the second optical waveguide
  • the waveguide is arranged between another second signal sub-electrode of the two second signal sub-electrodes and a first signal sub-electrode adjacent to a sub-electrode of the other second signal sub-electrode.
  • an electro-optic device including the electro-optic modulator as described above.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an electro-optic modulator according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an electro-optic modulator according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an electro-optic modulator according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the existing electro-optic modulators have the disadvantages of large size or low regulation efficiency, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of integration and high efficiency in the market. need.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an electro-optic modulator 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the electro-optical modulator 100 may include an optical splitter 110 , a first optical waveguide 120 a, a second optical waveguide 120 b, a traveling wave electrode 130 and an extension electrode 140 .
  • the traveling wave electrode 130 extends along the first direction D1 and may include a first ground electrode 131 , a first signal electrode 132 , a second signal electrode 133 , and a second ground electrode 134 sequentially arranged in the second direction D2.
  • the traveling wave electrode 130 extends along the first direction D1 means that the length direction of the traveling wave electrode 130 extends along the first direction D1.
  • the extended electrode 140 is arranged along the optical transmission path, and may include at least one first signal sub-electrode (two first signal sub-electrodes in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 ) of the first signal electrode 132 arranged side by side in the second direction D2.
  • the electrodes 142a, 142b) and the two second signal sub-electrodes 143a, 143b of the second signal electrode 133 each have a length direction parallel to the first direction D1.
  • Two second signal sub-electrodes 143a, 143b are arranged on both sides of at least one first signal sub-electrode. As shown in FIG. 1 , there are two first signal sub-electrodes 142a, 142b, and the two first signal sub-electrodes 142a, 142b are entirely located between the two second signal sub-electrodes 143a, 143b.
  • the first optical waveguide 120a is arranged between one of the second signal sub-electrodes 143a and the first signal sub-electrode 142a adjacent to the second signal sub-electrode 143a, and the second optical waveguide 120b is arranged between the other second signal sub-electrode 142a.
  • the second direction D2 intersects the first direction D1. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the second direction D2 is substantially perpendicular to the first direction D1 .
  • a unique first signal sub-electrode (not shown) may be provided, and two second signal sub-electrodes 143a, 143b are arranged on both sides of the only first signal sub-electrode.
  • the first optical waveguide 120a is arranged between the only first signal sub-electrode and one of the second signal sub-electrodes 143a of the second signal electrode 133, and the second optical waveguide 120b is arranged on the only first signal sub-electrode 142b and another second signal sub-electrode 143b of the second signal electrode 133 .
  • the optical input signal passes through the optical splitter 110, it is divided into a first path of optical signals and a second path of optical signals, and respectively passes through the first optical waveguide 120a and the second optical waveguide 120b.
  • a voltage is applied to the first signal electrode 132 and the second signal electrode 133 , and the first ground electrode 131 and the second ground electrode 134 are grounded.
  • the first signal electrode 132 is electrically connected to the first signal sub-electrode 142a, 142b
  • the second signal electrode 133 is electrically connected to the second signal sub-electrode 143a, 143b, so that each sub-electrode and the traveling-wave electrode electrically connected thereto have the same potential.
  • the potential difference between the sub-electrodes can modulate the optical signal.
  • the potential difference between the sub-electrodes on both sides of each optical waveguide is 2U or -2U.
  • the greater the potential difference causes the refractive index of the electro-optic crystal to change more drastically, and the light wave characteristics of the electro-optic crystal also change more sharply, so the ideal phase difference, such as ⁇ , can be quickly achieved.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure only need a shorter optical signal propagation distance under the same conditions, thereby greatly reducing the size of the device and saving space significantly.
  • the positions of the electrical connections are such that the first signal sub-electrodes 142 a , 142 b and the second signal sub-electrodes 143 a , 143 b are respectively divided into one or more regions along the first direction D1 .
  • the group velocities propagating in the waveguide are the same or close.
  • the electro-optic modulator 100 may further include an optical combiner 150 .
  • the modulated first optical signal and the second optical signal are combined into an optical combined signal after passing through the optical combiner 150 .
  • the optical composite signal can be directly output as an optical output signal, or can be divided into two or more optical output signals and then output.
  • the electro-optic modulator 100 further includes a protective layer for covering at least one component.
  • a protective layer for covering at least one component. For example, covering the traveling wave electrode 130 or the extension electrode 140 with a protective layer can slow down the natural oxidation or accidental surface damage of the electrode and increase the service life of the element.
  • the first optical waveguide 120a and the second optical waveguide 120b are lithium niobate optical waveguides.
  • Lithium niobate crystal has a smooth surface and is an optical material with excellent electro-optic and acousto-optic effects.
  • the high-quality optical waveguide prepared by lithium niobate crystal can support ultra-low transmission loss, and has many excellent characteristics such as mature technology, low cost, and mass production.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an electro-optic modulator 200 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the electro-optic modulator 200 may include an optical splitter 210 , a first optical waveguide 220 a , a second optical waveguide 220 b , a traveling wave electrode 230 , an extension electrode 240 , and an optical combiner 250 .
  • the traveling-wave electrode 230 may include a first ground electrode 231 , a first signal electrode 232 , a second signal electrode 233 , and a second ground electrode 234 sequentially arranged in the second direction D2.
  • the extension electrode 240 is arranged along the light transmission path, and includes at least one first signal sub-electrode 242a, 242b and two second signal sub-electrodes 243a, 243b arranged side by side in the second direction D2. Two second signal sub-electrodes 243a, 243b are arranged on both sides of at least one first signal sub-electrode 242a, 242b.
  • the first optical waveguide 220a and the second optical waveguide 220b are respectively arranged to extend in a gap between one of the first signal sub-electrodes and a second signal sub-electrode adjacent to the first signal sub-electrode.
  • Like reference numerals as in FIG. 1 indicate like elements, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted for brevity.
  • the electro-optic modulator 200 shown in FIG. 2 is different from the electro-optic modulator 100 shown in FIG. 1 in that a first extension arm and a second extension arm 241 are provided between the traveling-wave electrode 230 and the extension electrode 240 .
  • the first extension arm is used to electrically connect the first signal electrode 232 and the first signal sub-electrodes 242a, 242b.
  • the second extension arm is used to electrically connect the second signal electrode 233 and the second signal sub-electrodes 243a, 243b.
  • the first extension arm may be integrally formed with the first signal electrode 232 and the first signal sub-electrodes 242a, 242b
  • the second extension arm may be integrally formed with the second signal electrode 233 and the second signal sub-electrodes 243a, 243b. take shape.
  • the extension arm is used as an example for the electrical connection between the traveling wave electrode and the extension electrode.
  • the electrical connection method between the traveling wave electrode and the extension electrode is not limited to this, and other methods can also be used, as long as the electrical signal can be transmitted from the traveling wave electrode to the extension electrode.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an electro-optic modulator 300 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the electro-optic modulator 300 may include a first optical waveguide 320 a , a second optical waveguide 320 b , a traveling wave electrode 330 , an extension electrode 340 and an extension arm 341 .
  • the traveling-wave electrode 330 may include a first ground electrode 331 , a first signal electrode 332 , a second signal electrode 333 , and a second ground electrode 334 sequentially arranged in the second direction D2.
  • the extension electrode 340 is arranged along the light transmission path, and includes two first signal sub-electrodes 342a, 342b and two second signal sub-electrodes 343a, 343b arranged side by side in the second direction D2. Two second signal sub-electrodes 343a, 343b are arranged on both sides of all first signal sub-electrodes 342a, 342b.
  • the first optical waveguide 320a is arranged to extend in the gap between one of the first signal sub-electrodes 342a and the adjacent second signal sub-electrode 343a
  • the second optical waveguide 320b is arranged to extend in the gap between the other first signal sub-electrode 342b. extending in the gap between the adjacent second signal sub-electrode 343a.
  • Like reference numerals as in FIG. 2 indicate like elements, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted for brevity.
  • the traveling wave electrode 330 may be located on the thin film layer 320
  • the extension electrode 340 may be located on the cover layer 380 .
  • the distance between the sub-electrodes on both sides of the same optical waveguide is small, and the electric field intensity obtained under the same conditions is greater, so that the electro-optical conversion efficiency can be enhanced.
  • the traveling wave electrode 330 and the extension electrode 340 may be located on the isolation layer 370 .
  • the traveling wave electrode 330 and the extension electrode 340 may be located on the thin film layer 320 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an electro-optic modulator 500 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the electro-optic modulator 500 may include a first optical waveguide 520 a , a second optical waveguide 520 b , a traveling wave electrode 530 , an extension electrode 540 , an extension arm 541 , a substrate 560 , an isolation layer 570 , a film layer 520 , and a cover layer 580 .
  • the first optical waveguide 520a is arranged to extend in the gap between one of the first signal sub-electrodes 542a and the adjacent second signal sub-electrode 543a
  • the second optical waveguide 520b is arranged to extend in the gap between the other first signal sub-electrode 542b. extending in the gap between the adjacent second signal sub-electrode 543b.
  • Like reference numerals as in FIG. 3 indicate like elements, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted for brevity.
  • the electro-optic modulator 500 shown in FIG. Overlay 581 on other areas.
  • the traveling wave electrode 530 may be located on the covering layer 581 on other regions, and the extension electrode 540 may be located on the covering layer 580 .
  • the thickness of the covering layer 580 and the covering layer 581 on other regions can be adjusted according to actual needs, so as to regulate the transmission speed of electrical signals and better match the transmission speeds of light and electricity.
  • the traveling wave electrode 530 and the extension electrode 540 may be located on the cover layer 581 on other regions.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an electro-optic modulator 700 according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • Like reference numerals as in FIG. 3 indicate like elements, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted for brevity.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an electro-optic modulator 800 according to an exemplary embodiment. Like reference numerals as in FIG. 3 indicate like elements, and thus a detailed description thereof is omitted for brevity.
  • the isolation layer may also have grooves.
  • one or more grooves can be set on the substrate or isolation layer, and parameters such as the shape, depth, and position of the groove can be adjusted to regulate the transmission speed of electrical signals and better match the transmission speed of light and electricity. .
  • FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of an electro-optical device 900 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the electro-optic device 900 may include an electro-optic modulator 910 , an electrical interface 911 coupled to the electro-optic modulator 910 , and an optical interface 912 coupled to the electro-optic modulator 910 .
  • Electro-optic modulator 910 may be constructed according to any of the embodiments described above.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电光调制器,包括分光器(110);第一光波导(120a)和第二光波导(120b);行波电极(130),包括第一接地电极(131)、第一信号电极(132)、第二信号电极(133)、第二接地电极(134);延伸电极(140),包括至少一个第一信号子电极(142a,142b)和两个第二信号子电极(143a,143b),其中,两个第二信号子电极(143a,143b)被布置在至少一个第一信号子电极(142a,142b)的两侧。第一光波导(120a)被布置在两个第二信号子电极中的一个第二信号子电极(143a,143b)和与该一个第二信号子电极邻近的第一信号子电极(142a,142b)之间,第二光波导(120b)被布置在两个第二信号子电极中的另一个第二信号子电极(143a,143b)和与该另一个第二信号子电极邻近的第一信号子电极(142a,142b)之间。第一信号电极(132)与第一信号子电极(142a,142b)电连接,第二信号电极(133)与第二信号子电极(143a,143b)电连接。还提供了一种包括该电光调制器的电光器件。

Description

电光调制器和电光器件
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2021年07月30日提交的中国专利申请202110870918.1的优先权,其全部内容通过引用整体结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及光电技术,特别是涉及一种电光调制器和电光器件。
背景技术
电光调制器是利用某些电光晶体如铌酸锂晶体(LiNbO 3)、砷化稼晶体(GaAs)或钽酸锂晶体(LiTaO 3)的电光效应制成的调制器。当把电压加到电光晶体上时,电光晶体的折射率将发生变化,从而实现对光信号的相位、幅度、强度以及偏振状态等特性的调制。电光调制器中常见的一种调制器为马赫-曾德尔调制器,这种干涉仪式调制器主要是利用调制器中两臂的相位差完成相干加强和相干抵消的信号调制。
然而,随着人们对于高速、大容量、集成化通信技术日益的迫切需求,人们既希望尽量减小集成器件的尺寸,同时需要保证电光调制器的调制效果。这就对电极设计提出了很高的要求。
发明内容
提供一种缓解、减轻或者甚至消除上述问题中的一个或多个的机制将是有利的。
根据本公开的一方面,提供了一种电光调制器,包括:分光器,用于将光输入信号分为第一路光信号和第二路光信号;第一光波导和第二光波导,用于分别为所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号提供光传输路径;行波电极,沿第一方向延伸,用于传输射频信号,其中,所述行波电极包括在第二方向上依次布置的第一接地电极、第一信号电极、第二信号电极、第二接地电极,所述第二方向与所述第一方向交叉;以及延伸电极,沿所述光传输路径布置在所述第一信号电极和所述第二信号电极之间的空隙中,用于基于所述射频信号对所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号进行调制。所述延伸电极包括至少一个第一信号子电极和两个第二信号子电极,其在所述第二方向上并排布置并且各自具有平行于所述第一方向的长度方向,其中,所述两个第二信号子电极被布置在所述至少 一个第一信号子电极的两侧。所述第一光波导被布置在所述两个第二信号子电极中的一个第二信号子电极和与该一个第二信号子电极邻近的第一信号子电极之间,所述第二光波导被布置在所述两个第二信号子电极中的另一个第二信号子电极和与该另一个第二信号电极的子电极邻近的第一信号子电极之间。
根据本公开的另一方面,提供了一种电光器件,包括如上所述的电光调制器。
根据在下文中所描述的实施例,本公开的这些和其它方面将是清楚明白的,并且将参考在下文中所描述的实施例而被阐明。
附图说明
在下面结合附图对于示例性实施例的描述中,本公开的更多细节、特征和优点被公开,在附图中:
图1是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性俯视图;
图2是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性俯视图;
图3是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性立体图;
图4是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性立体图;
图5是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性立体图;
图6是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性立体图;
图7是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性立体图;
图8是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器的示意性立体图;并且
图9是根据示例性实施例的电光器件的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
在本公开中,除非另有说明,否则使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种要素不意图限定这些要素的位置关系、时序关系或重要性关系,这种术语只是用于将一个元件与另一元件区分开。在一些示例中,第一要素和第二要素可以指向该要素的同一实例,而在某些情况下,基于上下文的描述,它们也可以指代不同实例。
在本公开中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例的目的,而并非旨在进行限制。除非上下文另外明确地表明,如果不特意限定要素的数量,则该要素可以是一个也可以是多个。此外,本公开中所使用的术语“和/或”涵盖所列出的项目中的任何一个以及全部可能的组合方式。
电光调制相关的技术已经得到广泛发展和应用,比如光通信、微波光电子、激光束偏转、波前调制等。相关技术的马赫-曾德尔调制器中,采用一个信号电极和两个接地电极,以0(接地信号)、1(调制电压信号)、0(接地信号)方式输入信号,从而产生方向相反的两个电场。利用相反的电场方向对分别位于这两个电场中的两个光路信号实现相反的调控,从而产生相位差,完成相干加强或相干抵消。
但要实现足够的相位差,需要较大的调制电压和较长的传输距离,已有的电光调制器存在着尺寸较大或调控效率低的缺点,难以满足目前市场上集成化、高效率的需求。
本公开的实施例提供了一种改进的电光调制器,可以缓解、减轻或者甚至消除上述缺点。
图1是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器100的示意性俯视图。参照图1,电光调制器100可以包括分光器110、第一光波导120a、第二光波导120b、行波电极130和延伸电极140。
行波电极130沿第一方向D1延伸,可以包括在第二方向D2上依次布置的第一接地电极131、第一信号电极132、第二信号电极133、第二接地电极134。其中,行波电极130沿第一方向D1延伸是指行波电极130的长度方向沿第一方向D1延伸。延伸电极140沿光传输路径布置,可以包括在第二方向D2上并排布置的第一信号电极132的至少一个第一信号子电极(在图1所示的实施例中为两个第一信号子电极142a、142b)和第二信号电极133的两个第二信号子电极143a、143b,每个子电极具有平行于第一方向D1的长度方向。两个第二信号子电极143a、143b被布置在至少一个第一信号子电极的两侧。如在图1中所示,设有两个第一信号子电极142a、142b,两个第一信号子电极142a、142b整体位于两个第二信号子电极143a、143b之间。第一光波导120a被布置在其中一个第二信号子电极143a和与该第二信号子电极143a邻近的第一信号子电极142a之间,第二光波导120b被布置在另一个第二信号子电极143b和与该第二信号子电极143b邻近的第一信号子电极142b之间。第二方向D2与第一方向D1交叉。在如图1所示的实施例中,第二方向D2与第一方向D1基本上垂直。
在其他实施例中,可设有唯一的第一信号子电极(未示出),两个第二信号子电极143a、143b布置于唯一的第一信号子电极的两侧。第一光波导120a被布置在该唯一的第一信号子电极与第二信号电极133的其中一个第二信号子电极143a之间,第二光波导120b被布置在该唯一的第一信号子电极142b与第二信号电极133的另一个第二信号子电极143b之间。
在一些实施例中,如图1所示,光输入信号经过分光器110后,被分为第一路光信号和第二路光信号,并分别沿第一光波导120a和第二光波导120b提供的光传输路径传输。在第一信号电极132和第二信号电极133上施加电压,并将第一接地电极131和第二接地电极134接地。将第一信号电极132和第一信号子电极142a、142b电连接,第二信号电极133与第二信号子电极143a、143b电连接,以使得各个子电极和与其电连接的行波电极具有相等的电势。第一路光信号和第二路光信号经由延伸电极140的空隙中时,子电极之间的电势差可以对光信号进行调制。
相关技术的电光调制器中,光波导两侧的电极通常被布置成一侧接地、电势为0,而另一侧则施加电压U,此时两电极之间的电势差为U或-U,可以分别对两路光信号以正负相反的电势差进行调控。但本公开的实施例中,将各个子电极分别设置在每路光波导的两侧,通过调整子电极的电连接结构,使得每路光波导两侧的子电极具有相反的电势,如-U和U。此时每路光波导的两侧子电极之间的电势差为2U或-2U。更大的电势差引起的电光晶体的折射率变化更加剧烈,该电光晶体的光波特性变化也更加剧烈,因此可以很快达到理想的相位差,如Π。若要达到与现有技术中同样的相位差,本公开的实施例中在相同条件下只需要更短的光信号传播距离,从而极大的减小了器件的尺寸,显著节省了空间。
继续参照图1,电连接的位置使得第一信号子电极142a、142b与第二信号子电极143a、143b分别在第一方向D1上被分割为一段或多段区域。
根据需要适当减小相应的子电极的长度,或将相应的子电极分割为多段区域,可以尽量降低电信号的传输损耗,同时尽量少的影响电信号传输速度,保证电信号传输速度与光信号在波导中传输的群速度相同或接近。
继续参照图1,在一些实施例中,电光调制器100还可以包括合光器150。经过调制的第一路光信号和第二路光信号经过合光器150后被合并为光组合信号。光组合信号可以直接作为光输出信号输出,也可以被分为两路或更多路光输出信号后输出。
在一些实施例中,电光调制器100还包括保护层,用于覆盖至少一个部件。例如,在行波电极130或延伸电极140上覆盖保护层,可以减缓电极的自然氧化或意外的表面破坏,增加元件的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中,第一光波导120a和第二光波导120b为铌酸锂光波导。铌酸锂晶体表面光滑,是一种具有优异的电光与声光效应的光学材料。利用铌酸锂晶体制备的高 品质的光波导,能够支持超低传输损耗,且具有工艺成熟、成本低、可批量化生产等多种优异特性。
图2是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器200的示意性俯视图。参照图2,电光调制器200可以包括分光器210、第一光波导220a、第二光波导220b、行波电极230、延伸电极240和和合光器250。
行波电极230可以包括在第二方向D2上依次布置的第一接地电极231、第一信号电极232、第二信号电极233、第二接地电极234。延伸电极240沿光传输路径布置,包括在第二方向D2上并排布置的至少一个第一信号子电极242a、242b和两个第二信号子电极243a、243b。两个第二信号子电极243a、243b被布置在至少一个第一信号子电极242a、242b的两侧。第一光波导220a和第二光波导220b被分别布置为在其中一个第一信号子电极与该第一信号子电极邻近的第二信号子电极之间的空隙中延伸。与图1中相似的附图标记指示相似的元件,并且因此其详细描述为了简洁性起见被省略。
图2所示的电光调制器200相对于图1所示的电光调制器100,不同之处在于在行波电极230和延伸电极240之间设置了第一延伸臂和第二延伸臂241。第一延伸臂用于将第一信号电极232和第一信号子电极242a、242b电连接。第二延伸臂用于将第二信号电极233和第二信号子电极243a、243b电连接。在一些实施例中,第一延伸臂可与第一信号电极232和第一信号子电极242a、242b一体成形,第二延伸臂可与第二信号电极233和第二信号子电极243a、243b一体成形。
上述布置可以稳固各信号电极以及其子电极之间的电连接,将器件模式化,有利于封装集成。
继续参照图2,延伸臂241使得第一信号子电极242a、242b与第二信号子电极243a、243b分别在第一方向D1上被分割为一段或多段区域。根据需要适当减小子电极的长度,或将子电极分割为多段区域,可以尽量降低电信号的传输损耗,同时尽量少的影响电信号传输速度,保证电信号传输速度与光信号在波导中传输的群速度相同或接近。
为了描述方便,以下均以延伸臂作为行波电极和延伸电极的电连接方式进行举例说明。当然,行波电极和延伸电极的电连接方式不限于此,也可以采用其它的方式,只要电信号能够从行波电极传输至延伸电极即可。
延伸臂和子电极的连接形状可以为T形,可以为L形,当然,也不限于本公开的实施例中所示出的形状,也可以根据实际需要采用其它的形状以达到合适的速度匹配。
图3是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器300的示意性立体图。电光调制器300可以包括第一光波导320a、第二光波导320b、行波电极330、延伸电极340和延伸臂341。
如在图3所示,行波电极330可以包括在第二方向D2上依次布置的第一接地电极331、第一信号电极332、第二信号电极333、第二接地电极334。延伸电极340沿光传输路径布置,包括在第二方向D2上并排布置的两个第一信号子电极342a、342b和两个第二信号子电极343a、343b。两个第二信号子电极343a、343b被布置在所有第一信号子电极342a、342b的两侧。第一光波导320a被布置为在其中一个第一信号子电极342a与邻近的第二信号子电极343a之间的空隙中延伸,第二光波导320b被布置为在另一个第一信号子电极342b与邻近的第二信号子电极343a之间的空隙中延伸。与图2中相似的附图标记指示相似的元件,并且因此其详细描述为了简洁性起见被省略。
电光调制器300还可以包括衬底360、位于衬底360上的隔离层370、用于形成第一光波导320a和第二光波导320b的薄膜层320、位于第一光波导320a和第二光波导320b上的覆盖层380。
继续参照图3,在一些实施例中,行波电极330可以位于薄膜层320上,并且,延伸电极340可以位于覆盖层380上。这种结构中同一光波导两侧的子电极之间距离较小,同等条件下所获得的电场强度更大,从而可以增强电光转换效率。
在一些实施例中,行波电极330和延伸电极340可以位于隔离层370中。
在一些实施例中,行波电极330和延伸电极340可以位于隔离层370上。
在一些实施例中,至少部分行波电极330和至少部分延伸电极340可以位于薄膜层320中。
在一些实施例中,如图4所示,行波电极330和延伸电极340可以位于薄膜层320上。
图5是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器500的示意性立体图。电光调制器500可以包括第一光波导520a、第二光波导520b、行波电极530、延伸电极540、延伸臂541、衬底560、隔离层570、薄膜层520、覆盖层580。
如在图5中所示,行波电极530可以包括在第二方向D2上依次布置的第一接地电极531、第一信号电极532、第二信号电极533、第二接地电极534。延伸电极540沿光传输路径布置,包括在第二方向D2上并排布置的两个第一信号子电极542a、542b和两个第二信号子电极543a、543b。两个第二信号子电极543a、543b被布置在所有第一信号子电极542a、542b的两侧。第一光波导520a被布置为在其中一个第一信号子电极 542a与邻近的第二信号子电极543a之间的空隙中延伸,第二光波导520b被布置为在另一个第一信号子电极542b与邻近的第二信号子电极543b之间的空隙中延伸。与图3中相似的附图标记指示相似的元件,并且因此其详细描述为了简洁性起见被省略。
图5所示的电光调制器500相对于图3所示的电光调制器300,不同之处在于覆盖层延展至薄膜层520上除第一光波导520a和第二光波导520b的其他区域,形成其他区域上的覆盖层581。
在一些实施例中,继续参照图5,行波电极530可以位于其他区域上的覆盖层581,并且,延伸电极540可以位于覆盖层580上。这种结构中,可以根据实际需要调节覆盖层580和其他区域上的覆盖层581的厚度,从而调控电信号的传输速度,更好的实现光与电的传输速度匹配。
在一些实施例中,如图6所示,行波电极530和延伸电极540可以位于其他区域上的覆盖层581上。
当然,行波电极530和延伸电极540的位置不限于上述列举,可以对两者的位置进行灵活调整,从而实现最有利于器件的组装集成的结构。
图7是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器700的示意性立体图。与图3中相似的附图标记指示相似的元件,并且因此其详细描述为了简洁性起见被省略。
图7所示的电光调制器700相对于图3所示的电光调制器300,不同之处在于,衬底760中可以具有凹槽761。
凹槽数量不限于1个。图8是根据示例性实施例的电光调制器800的示意性立体图。与图3中相似的附图标记指示相似的元件,并且因此其详细描述为了简洁性起见被省略。
图8所示的电光调制器800与图3所示的电光调制器300相比,不同之处在于,衬底860中可以具有两个凹槽861a和861b。
在一些实施例中,隔离层也可以具有凹槽。
可以根据实际需要,在衬底或隔离层设置一个或多个凹槽,调整凹槽的形状、深度、位置等参数,从而调控电信号的传输速度,更好的实现光与电的传输速度匹配。
图9是根据本公开示例性实施例的电光器件900的简化框图。在一个示例中,电光器件900可以包括电光调制器910、耦合到电光调制器910的电学接口911以及耦合到电光调制器910的光学接口912。电光调制器910可以根据上文所描述的任一种实施例构造。
虽然已经参照附图描述了本公开的实施例或示例,但应理解,上述的方法、系统和设备仅仅是示例性的实施例或示例,本公开的范围并不由这些实施例或示例限制,而是仅由授权后的权利要求书及其等同范围来限定。实施例或示例中的各种要素可以被省略或者可由其等同要素替代。此外,可以通过不同于本公开中描述的次序来执行各步骤。进一步地,可以以各种方式组合实施例或示例中的各种要素。重要的是随着技术的演进,在此描述的很多要素可以由本公开之后出现的等同要素进行替换。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电光调制器,包括:
    分光器,用于将光输入信号分为第一路光信号和第二路光信号;
    第一光波导和第二光波导,用于分别为所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号提供光传输路径;
    行波电极,沿第一方向延伸,用于传输射频信号,
    其中,所述行波电极包括在第二方向上依次布置的第一接地电极、第一信号电极、第二信号电极、第二接地电极,所述第二方向与所述第一方向交叉;以及
    延伸电极,沿所述光传输路径布置在所述第一信号电极和所述第二信号电极之间的空隙中,用于基于所述射频信号对所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号进行调制,
    其中,所述延伸电极包括至少一个第一信号子电极和两个第二信号子电极,其在所述第二方向上并排布置并且各自具有平行于所述第一方向的长度方向,
    其中,所述两个第二信号子电极被布置在所述至少一个第一信号子电极的两侧,
    其中,所述第一光波导被布置在所述两个第二信号子电极中的一个第二信号子电极和与该一个第二信号子电极邻近的第一信号子电极之间,所述第二光波导被布置在所述两个第二信号子电极中的另一个第二信号子电极和与该另一个第二信号电极的子电极邻近的第一信号子电极之间,
    其中,所述第一信号电极与所述第一信号子电极电连接,并且,所述第二信号电极与所述第二信号子电极电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电光调制器,还包括第一延伸臂和第二延伸臂,其中,所述第一延伸臂和第二延伸臂用于分别电连接所述第一信号电极和所述第一信号子电极以及所述第二信号电极和所述第二信号子电极。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电光调制器,其中,所述电连接的位置使得所述第一信号子电极和所述第二信号子电极分别在所述第一方向上被分割为一段或多段区域。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电光调制器,其中,所述第一延伸臂和所述第二延伸臂使得所述第一信号子电极和所述第二信号子电极分别在所述第一方向上被所述第一延伸臂和所述第二延伸臂分割为一段或多段区域。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电光调制器,还包括:
    衬底;
    隔离层,所述隔离层位于所述衬底上;
    薄膜层,所述薄膜层用于形成所述第一光波导和所述第二光波导;
    覆盖层,所述覆盖层位于所述第一光波导和所述第二光波导上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电光调制器,其中,所述覆盖层延展至所述薄膜层上除所述第一光波导和所述第二光波导的其他区域。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电光调制器,其中,至少部分所述行波电极和至少部分所述延伸电极位于所述隔离层中。
  8. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电光调制器,其中,所述行波电极和所述延伸电极位于所述隔离层上。
  9. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电光调制器,其中,至少部分所述行波电极和至少部分所述延伸电极位于所述薄膜层中。
  10. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电光调制器,其中,所述行波电极和所述延伸电极位于所述薄膜层上。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的电光调制器,其中,所述行波电极位于所述薄膜层上,并且,
    所述延伸电极位于所述覆盖层上。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的电光调制器,其中,所述行波电极位于所述其他区域上的所述覆盖层上,并且,
    所述延伸电极位于所述第一光波导和所述第二光波导上的所述覆盖层上。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的电光调制器,其中,所述行波电极和所述延伸电极位于所述其他区域上的所述覆盖层上。
  14. 根据权利要求1-6和11-13中任一项所述的电光调制器,其中,所述衬底中具有凹槽。
  15. 根据权利要求1-6和11-13中任一项所述的电光调制器,其中,所述隔离层中具有凹槽。
  16. 根据权利要求1-6和11-13中任一项所述的电光调制器,还包括合光器,用于将所述第一路光信号和所述第二路光信号合并为光输出信号。
  17. 根据权利要求1-6和11-13中任一项所述的电光调制器,其中,所述第一光波导和第二光波导为铌酸锂光波导。
  18. 根据权利要求1-6和11-13中任一项所述的电光调制器,还包括保护层,用于覆盖至少一个元件。
  19. 一种电光器件,包括如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电光调制器。
PCT/CN2022/107914 2021-07-30 2022-07-26 电光调制器和电光器件 WO2023005924A1 (zh)

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CN1705908A (zh) * 2003-03-19 2005-12-07 日本电信电话株式会社 光开关、光调制器和波长可变滤光器
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