WO2023005812A1 - 一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005812A1
WO2023005812A1 PCT/CN2022/107231 CN2022107231W WO2023005812A1 WO 2023005812 A1 WO2023005812 A1 WO 2023005812A1 CN 2022107231 W CN2022107231 W CN 2022107231W WO 2023005812 A1 WO2023005812 A1 WO 2023005812A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
movable part
variable aperture
fixed
magnetic attraction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/107231
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李坤宜
丁睿明
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023005812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005812A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B30/00—Camera modules comprising integrated lens units and imaging units, specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones or vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
    • G03B9/02—Diaphragms
    • G03B9/06—Two or more co-operating pivoted blades, e.g. iris type

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of camera technology, and in particular to a variable aperture structure, a camera module and electronic equipment.
  • variable aperture structure is generally provided at the front end of the lens of the camera module to adjust the amount of incoming light.
  • the variable aperture structure generally includes a fixed part, a movable part, a driving part and a blade assembly; the movable part is sleeved on the fixed part and can rotate around the fixed part under the action of the driving part, and the blade assembly is arranged on the movable part , and the blade assembly is formed with a light inlet hole, and the movable part can drive the blade assembly to rotate to realize the adjustment of the aperture of the light inlet hole.
  • the driving part can drive the movable part to rotate, so that the movable part can drive the blades to rotate to adjust the aperture of the light inlet hole, thereby adjusting the amount of incoming light.
  • the driving part will drive the movable part to the position where the aperture of the light entrance hole of the variable aperture structure is the largest and stop working, which is convenient for the next shooting.
  • the movable part of the variable aperture structure is generally directly sleeved on the fixed part and bonded to the fixed part, after the drive part stops working, when the camera module is moved, Since the connection between the movable part and the fixed part is not fixed, the movable part may rotate around the fixed part due to the movement of the camera module, thereby driving the blade assembly to rotate and affecting the aperture of the light inlet hole, making the aperture of the light inlet hole The aperture is not at the maximum position, which will affect the next shooting.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a variable aperture structure , camera modules and electronic equipment.
  • variable aperture structure including: a fixed part, a movable part, a driving part, a blade assembly and a locking structure;
  • the movable part fits on the fixed part
  • the blade assembly is arranged on the movable part, and the blade assembly is used to form a light inlet hole for the light to pass through;
  • the driving part is used to drive the movable part to rotate relative to the fixed part, and the rotation of the movable part can drive the blade assembly to rotate to adjust the size of the light inlet hole;
  • the locking structure is used to lock the movable part on the fixed part when the movable part rotates to a set position.
  • a locking structure is provided between the fixed part and the locking part, so that the driving part can drive the movable part to lock with the fixed part when the driving part stops working, so that the movable part can After the driving part stops working, the movable part will not rotate or vibrate, and the aperture of the light hole is kept at the maximum position, which is convenient for subsequent shooting.
  • the fixed part is provided with at least one first locking structure
  • the movable part is provided with at least one second locking structure; the at least one first locking structure The structure cooperates with the at least one second locking structure to limit the rotation range of the movable part;
  • the locking structure includes a first locking part and a second locking part; the first locking part and the second locking part cooperate and lock;
  • the first locking part is arranged on the first locking structure, and the second locking part is arranged on the second locking structure.
  • the first locking structure and the second locking structure can cooperate to limit the rotation range of the movable part
  • the first locking part can be provided on the first locking structure
  • the second locking structure can Structurally, a second locking part can be provided, so that the first locking structure and the second locking structure are locked by the first locking part and the second locking part, so that the fixed part and the movable part are locked.
  • the quantity of the first locking structure and the second locking structure can be determined according to actual needs. For example, it can be determined according to the range of motion that the movable part needs to rotate. For example, if the rotation range of the movable part does not need to be too large, such as between 0-90 degrees, then the number of the first locking structure can be four, the number of the second locking structure can be two, and the number of the second locking structure on the movable part can be four.
  • the number of the two locking structures can be two, which are evenly arranged on the base of the fixed part, and the two second locking structures are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the movable part.
  • Each second locking structure is respectively located between two adjacent first locking structures on the fixed part in an assembled state so as to limit the range of movement of the movable part.
  • the first locking part is a recessed structure provided on the first locking structure
  • the second locking part is a concave structure provided on the second locking position. Structural protruding structures, the protruding structures cooperate with the concave structures;
  • the first locking part is a protruding structure provided on the first clamping structure
  • the second locking part is a concave structure provided on the second clamping structure
  • the protruding structure Cooperate and engage with the recessed structure
  • the first locking structure and the second locking structure can be locked through the cooperation and locking of the convex structure and the concave structure, so as to realize the locking of the fixed part and the movable part.
  • the recessed structure may be a groove or a through groove on the first locking structure.
  • the protruding structure and the concave structure may have an interference fit, so that the movable part and the fixed part are locked by the pre-tightening force generated by the interference fit between the protruding structure and the concave structure.
  • the protruding structure includes a clamping section and a transition section; a size of the transition section is tapered relative to a size of the clamping section.
  • the transition section is a section of the convex structure close to the concave structure, and setting the size of the transition section to be tapered relative to the size of the engaging section can make it easier for the transition section to be driven into the depression In the structure, and make the clamping section clamp with the recessed structure to realize locking.
  • the size of the clamping section may be greater than or equal to the size of the groove, so as to facilitate an interference fit with the groove, so as to generate a pre-tightening force between the clamping section and the recessed structure.
  • the size of the transition section is tapered relative to the size of the engaging section in a linear tapering or an arc tapering.
  • the inner surface of the concave structure is provided with a first friction part; and/or; the outer surface of the protruding structure is provided with a second friction part.
  • first friction part and the second friction part mentioned in the embodiment of the present application is for the convenience of expression, and the first friction part and the second friction part have the same meaning as the friction part mentioned in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the friction part provided on the outer surface of the protruding structure mentioned in the embodiment of the present application is the second friction part, and the friction part provided on the inner surface of the concave structure is the first friction part.
  • the friction part may be provided only on the outer surface of the protruding structure and the inner surface of the recessed structure, or may be provided on both the outer surface of the protruding structure and the inner surface of the recessed structure.
  • the arrangement of the friction part can make the friction part increase the friction force between the protrusion structure and the recess structure when the protrusion structure snaps into the recess structure, and the relative movement of the protrusion structure relative to the recess structure is limited by the friction force , to further increase the firmness of the locking of the movable part and the fixed part.
  • the first friction part is an uneven structure provided on the inner surface of the concave structure
  • the second friction part is an uneven structure provided on the outer surface of the protruding structure.
  • first friction part and the second friction part can be respectively provided in an uneven shape for the outer surface of the convex structure or the inner surface of the concave structure.
  • first friction part and the second friction part may be a plurality of semicircular protrusions or a plurality of scratches provided on the outer surface of the protruding structure or the inner surface of the concave structure, respectively.
  • the first locking part is a first magnetic attraction part provided on the fixed part
  • the second locking part is a magnetic attraction part provided on the movable part. the second magnetic attraction part;
  • the fixed part and the movable part are locked by the magnetic attraction force between the first magnetic attraction part and the second magnetic attraction part.
  • the first magnetic attraction part is provided on the bottom surface of the fixing part or the side surface of the first locking structure
  • the second locking structure is provided with a first housing, and the second magnetic portion is disposed in the first housing.
  • the first magnetic attraction part can be a magnetic conductive sheet
  • the second magnetic attraction part can be a magnet
  • the position of the magnet on the movable part may be inside the housing of the second locking structure provided on the movable part. It can be implemented that the magnet used to generate the magnetic attraction force on the movable part and the magnet that performs electromagnetic induction with the drive coil hereinafter may be the same magnet. This arrangement can effectively reduce the number of components in the variable aperture structure, reduce the difficulty of assembling the variable aperture structure, improve the assembly efficiency of the variable aperture structure, and at the same time reduce the occupied space of the variable aperture structure.
  • the upper surface of the magnetic conductive sheet on the fixed part may be arranged parallel to the bottom surface of the magnet on the movable part.
  • the surface of the magnetic conductive sheet on the fixed part may also be arranged parallel to the side of the magnet on the movable part.
  • the first magnetic attraction part is bonded to the bottom surface of the fixed part; it can be understood that the parts of the variable aperture structure can be effectively reduced by bonding, reducing the Space occupied by the iris structure.
  • the bottom surface of the fixing part is provided with a second housing, and the first magnetic attraction part is disposed in the second housing;
  • the first magnetic attraction part is attached to the side of the first locking structure
  • the first locking structure is provided with a receiving groove, and the first magnetic attraction part is embedded in the receiving groove.
  • the first magnetic attraction part is a magnetically conductive sheet
  • the second magnetic attraction part is a magnet
  • the blade assembly includes at least two blades, each of which is provided with a round hole and a slot-shaped through hole;
  • the fixing part is provided with at least two first positioning posts distributed in a ring, and the at least two first positioning posts are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with at least two blades in the blade assembly;
  • the movable part is provided with at least two second positioning columns distributed in a ring, and the at least two second positioning columns are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with at least two blades in the blade assembly;
  • Each of the first positioning posts is hinged to the circular hole on the corresponding blade, and each of the second positioning posts passes through the slot-shaped through hole on the corresponding blade.
  • the number of blades, the number of first positioning posts and the number of second positioning posts need to be consistent.
  • the slot-shaped through hole includes a first bent section and a second bent section that are bent and connected;
  • the second positioning column is located at an end of the second bending section that is not connected to the first bending section;
  • the bending direction of the second bending section is consistent with the rotation track of the second positioning post within a set angle after the movable part is unlocked.
  • the first bending section and the second bending section may be two sections of slot-shaped through holes with a certain angle.
  • the bending direction of the second bending section may refer to the main extending direction of the second bending section, for example, may be the extending direction of the hole of the slot-shaped through hole.
  • the bending direction of the second bending section is consistent with the rotation trajectory of the second positioning column within the set angle after the movable part is unlocked, so that the driving part can drive the movable part at the first movement when it starts to move.
  • the second bending section moves, it moves toward the first bending section along the extending direction of the through hole of the second bending section, that is, when the movable part starts to move, it drives the movement track of the second positioning column to match the movement track of the second bending section.
  • the extending direction of the through holes is consistent, therefore, the driving part only needs to provide the corresponding locking force (such as magnetic attraction force or pre-tightening force) to overcome the locking structure at this time, and does not need to provide the force to drive the blades to rotate, so the driving part can
  • the starting force is greatly reduced, so that the starting current of the drive part is greatly reduced, which helps to increase the life of the drive part.
  • the above-mentioned setting angle and the size of the second bending section are all related to the locking force of the locking structure.
  • the locking force of the locking structure is a magnetic attraction force.
  • the set angle can be set to 5 degrees, the distance that the second positioning post moves in the slot-shaped through hole when the second bending section is sized to rotate 5 degrees.
  • the size range can be defined by a length range.
  • the driving part includes a driving coil and a magnet; the driving coil is arranged on the fixed part, and the magnet is arranged on the movable part;
  • the driving coil is arranged on the movable part, and the magnet is arranged on the fixed part.
  • the set position is a position where the size of the light entrance hole is maximized.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a camera module, including a camera motor, a lens, and the variable aperture structure;
  • the camera motor includes a fixed seat, a carrier and a driver
  • the driver is used to drive the carrier to move relative to the fixed seat along a set direction
  • the carrier is formed with a mounting hole along the setting direction, the lens is fixed in the mounting hole, and the setting direction is parallel to the optical axis of the lens;
  • variable aperture structure is fixed on the carrier and located on the light incident side of the lens.
  • the definition of the optical axis direction of the lens may be the direction perpendicular to the central axis of the light beam passing through the lens.
  • the camera module may further include an image sensor component, which is fixed on the fixing seat and arranged on the light emitting side of the lens. Specifically, when the light outside the camera module enters the lens through the light entrance hole of the variable aperture structure, the light passing through the lens finally reaches the image sensor component for development and imaging.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, including a casing and the camera module, and the camera module is fixed in the casing.
  • the electronic equipment is not limited to electronic equipment such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and vehicle monitors, and the above-mentioned camera module can be installed in the casing of the electronic equipment to realize the camera function of these electronic equipment.
  • the electronic device is a mobile phone
  • the camera module can be disposed in the housing of the mobile phone.
  • Fig. 1(a) shows a schematic diagram of a camera module according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 1(b) shows a schematic diagram of photographing effects before and after light adjustment according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 1 (c) and (d) show the assembly diagram of the upper cover when the light entrance aperture formed by the blade assembly is the largest and when it is smaller;
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a variable aperture according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fixing part according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a movable part according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 5(a) shows a schematic structural view of a blade assembly according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 5(b) shows a schematic diagram of an installation method of a blade assembly according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the position of a driving part according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 7(a) shows a schematic diagram of the position of the first locking part on the movable part 200 according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 7(b) shows a schematic diagram of the position of the second locking part on the fixing part 100 according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 7(c) shows a partial perspective view of a locking structure according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 8(a) shows a schematic diagram of a raised structure according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 8(b) shows a schematic diagram of a raised structure according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9(a) shows a schematic diagram of the positions of the first locking part and the second locking part on the movable part and the fixed part, respectively, according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 9(b) shows a schematic diagram of relative positions of a first locking part and a second locking part according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 10(a) shows a schematic diagram of the positions of the first locking part and the second locking part on the movable part and the fixed part, respectively, according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 10(b) shows a schematic diagram of relative positions of a first locking part and a second locking part according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 11(a) shows a schematic diagram of a blade according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11(b) shows a schematic diagram of a blade according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12(a) and (b) show a comparison schematic diagram of a second positioning post before and after moving in the operation through hole
  • Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of an upper cover according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Variable aperture structure 100-fixed part; 101-base; 102-light hole column; 103-first clamping structure; Reference circle part; 1061-positioning hole;
  • 300-blade assembly 301-blade; 302-groove through hole; 3021-first bending section; 3022-second bending section; 303-round hole; 304-arc section; 305-limiting part;
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a variable aperture structure, a camera module, and electronic equipment.
  • the variable aperture structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can be used in various camera modules, for example, it can be used in camera modules of electronic devices such as mobile phones or computers, and can also be used in SLR cameras. in the camera module.
  • FIG. 1( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a camera module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the camera module includes a camera motor, a lens 30 , an image sensor assembly and an iris structure 10 .
  • the camera motor includes a focusing unit for focusing.
  • the focusing part includes a housing 21, a fixed base 22, a carrier 23 and a driver (not shown in the figure), the carrier 23 is arranged in the receiving space formed by the housing 21 and the fixed seat 22, and the driver is arranged on the carrier. on the seat 23; the driver can drive the carrier 23 to move relative to the fixed seat along the direction of the optical axis.
  • the lens 30 is fixed in the mounting hole of the carrier 23 and moves along the optical axis along with the carrier 23 .
  • the image sensor assembly is fixed on the fixing seat 21 and disposed on the light emitting side of the lens 30
  • the iris structure 10 is fixed on the carrier 23 and disposed on the light incident side of the lens 30 .
  • the definition of the optical axis direction the central axis direction of the light beam passing through the lens 30 .
  • the focusing part drives the lens 30 to move along the optical axis through the driver, so as to adjust the distance between the lens 30 and the image sensor assembly, and realize the focusing of the camera module.
  • the variable aperture structure 10 is formed with a diameter-adjustable light entrance hole.
  • the light outside the camera module enters the lens 30 through the light entrance hole of the variable aperture structure 10, and the light passing through the lens 30 finally reaches the image sensor assembly for development and imaging.
  • the image sensor assembly may include an image sensor and other external devices and supporting structures.
  • the iris can be used to adjust the amount of incoming light when the camera module is taking pictures or video recordings, so as to improve image quality.
  • the amount of incoming light is adjusted through the variable aperture structure 10 to improve the color bars or color layering of the image: as shown in the left figure in Figure 1(b), under indoor lighting, Time domain aliasing and video recording are prone to produce time-domain aliasing, resulting in stripes in the image; After adjusting the amount of incoming light, the captured image is clearer.
  • variable aperture is used to adjust the amount of incoming light, thereby increasing the depth of field and blurring the background. Highlight the subject of the shot.
  • variable aperture structure 10 generally includes a fixed part, a movable part, a driving part, a blade assembly and an upper cover; Rotating, the blade assembly is arranged on the movable part, and the blade assembly is formed with a light inlet hole, and the movable part can drive the blade assembly to rotate to realize the adjustment of the aperture of the light inlet hole.
  • the upper cover is located on the blade assembly, and is provided with a through hole which is consistent with the maximum diameter of the light inlet hole formed by the blade assembly.
  • the driving part can drive the movable part to rotate, so that the movable part can drive the blades to rotate to adjust the aperture of the light inlet hole, thereby adjusting the amount of incoming light.
  • the driving part will reset the movable part and stop working, that is, the driving part will stop working when the movable part is driven to a position where the aperture diameter of the light entrance hole of the variable aperture structure 10 is the largest.
  • the movable part since the movable part is directly sleeved on the fixed part without other connections, after the driving part stops working, the movable part may rotate around the movable part, thereby driving the blade assembly to rotate. Affects the aperture of the light well so that the aperture of the light well is not at the maximum position.
  • the aperture of the light hole When the aperture of the light hole is not at the maximum position, it has the following effects:
  • FIGS. 1( c ) and 1 ( d ) respectively show the assembly diagrams of the blade assembly 300 with the upper cover 400 when the light entrance aperture formed by the blade assembly 300 is the largest and when it is smaller.
  • the upper cover 400 is the appearance surface of the iris, as shown in Figure 1(c), when the aperture of the light inlet hole formed by the blade 301 assembly is at the maximum position, viewing from the outside of the upper cover 400, there will be no part
  • the blades 301 are exposed in the through holes of the upper cover 400; as shown in FIG. It is exposed in the through hole of the upper cover 400, so that the variable aperture structure will be mistaken for abnormality.
  • the aperture of the light hole is generally used to shoot at the position with the largest aperture, and the aperture of the light hole is only adjusted when shooting with special needs, and the above solution is prone to occur after the drive unit stops working.
  • the movable part rotates around the movable part, the aperture of the light inlet hole is changed. At this time, the aperture of the light inlet hole will not be at the maximum size.
  • the user needs to adjust the aperture of the light inlet hole to Maximum, increasing user operations and affecting user experience.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a variable aperture structure, and a locking structure is provided between the fixed part and the locking part, so that the driving part can drive the movable part to engage with the fixed part when it stops working. Locking, so that the movable part will not rotate or vibrate after the driving part stops working, and maintain the aperture of the light entrance hole at the maximum position.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a variable aperture structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the movable part 200 is sleeved on the fixed part 100, and can rotate around the fixed part 100 under the action of the driving part;
  • the blade assembly 300 is arranged on the movable part 200, and is respectively hinged with the fixed part 100 and the movable part 200, and the blade
  • the assembly 300 is formed with a light entrance hole, and the movable part 200 can drive the blade assembly 300 to rotate to realize the adjustment of the aperture of the light entrance hole.
  • the fixing part 100 can be used to fix the variable aperture structure 10 on the front end of the lens of the above-mentioned camera module, for example, fix the fixing part 100 on the carrier of the aforementioned camera motor.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the fixing part 100, as shown in Fig. The circuit board 105 and the reference circle part 106.
  • the light inlet column 102 is disposed at the middle part of the base 101 , and the light inlet column 102 can be used as a light channel for transmitting the light passing through the light hole of the blade assembly 300 to the lens.
  • the smallest cross-sectional size of the through hole of the light inlet column 102 is greater than or equal to the largest size of the light inlet hole formed by the blade assembly 300 .
  • first locking structures 103 There may be multiple first locking structures 103 distributed around the base 101 , and the first locking structures 103 may be used to limit the range of movement of the movable part 200 .
  • the number of the first locking structures 103 is four, which are evenly distributed around the base 101 .
  • the flexible printed circuit board 105 is sheathed on the outer wall of the light inlet column 102 and bonded to the base 101 .
  • the flexible printed circuit board 105 is provided with a driving circuit for driving the movable part 200 to rotate.
  • the reference circle member 106 is fixed on the top of the light entrance column 102 and is used to limit the maximum range of the light entrance aperture. Specifically, a plurality of first positioning columns 104 are arranged on the top of the light inlet column 102, and the reference circle member 106 is provided with positioning holes 1061 having the same number as the first positioning columns 104 and opposite to each other, and the reference circle member 106 passes through a plurality of The positioning hole 1061 cooperates with the first positioning post 104 to be fixed on the light inlet post 102 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an activity unit 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the movable part 200 includes a second locking structure 201 adapted to the first locking structure 103 , a second positioning post 202 and a rotation hole 203 .
  • the movable part 200 can be sleeved on the light inlet column 102 through the rotation hole 203, and the movable part 200 is bonded to the printed circuit board 105 of the fixed part 100.
  • the bottom surface of the movable part 200 touches the connected to the top surface of the printed circuit board 105 .
  • the number of second locking structures 201 on the movable part 200 may be two, and the two second locking structures 201 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the circle of the movable part 200 .
  • Each second locking structure 201 is respectively located between two adjacent first locking structures 103 on the fixed part 100 in an assembled state so as to limit the movable range of the movable part 200 .
  • FIG. 5( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a blade 301 assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the blade assembly 300 may include multiple blades 301 .
  • the number of blades 301 is greater than two, and the blades 301 are annularly distributed on the upper surface of the movable part 200 to form a light entrance hole for light to pass through.
  • the blade assembly 300 includes 6 blades 301.
  • the 6 blades 301 are divided into upper and lower layers with 3 blades 301 per layer, and the blades 301 marked with 1 on the blades 301 are distributed on The blades 301 of the lower layer, the blades 301 marked with 2 are the blades 301 distributed on the upper layer.
  • the angle between the arrangement directions of any two adjacent blades 301 among the three blades 301 in the same layer is 120°.
  • the included angle between the arrangement directions of two adjacent blades 301 between different layers is 60°. It can be understood that the arrangement direction of the blades 301 can be defined as the direction where the center of the circular hole 303 on the blade 301 and the center of the light inlet hole lie.
  • each blade 301 is provided with an arc segment 304, six blades
  • the arc segments 304 of 301 are connected end to end to form a light entrance hole for light to pass through.
  • each blade 301 is further provided with a slot-shaped through hole 302 , a round hole 303 and a limiting portion 305 .
  • the slot-shaped through hole 302 is used for hinge connection with the second positioning post 202 on the movable part
  • the round hole 303 is used for hinge connection with the first positioning post 104 on the fixed part 100 .
  • the limiting portion 305 may be a limiting groove, and the opening of the limiting groove faces the first positioning post 104 on the fixing portion 100 .
  • the first positioning column 104 can stop the limit part 305 when the blade 301201 rotates to expand the light entrance aperture, thereby preventing the blade 301 from continuing to rotate outward, thereby effectively controlling the range of motion of the blade 301 and reducing the variable aperture
  • the volume of structure 10 10.
  • Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the blade 301 assembly installed on the movable part and the fixed part. As shown in Figure 5(b), the blade assembly 300 is arranged above the movable part 200, the round hole 303 of the blade 301 is hinged to the first positioning column 104 on the fixed part 100, and the slot-shaped through hole 302 is hinged to the movable part 200 on the second positioning post 202 of the
  • the round hole 303 of the blade 301 is hinged to the first positioning post 104 on the fixed part 100 and can rotate around the first positioning post 104, and the slot-shaped through hole 302 is hinged to the movable part 200. and when the movable part 200 rotates relative to the fixed part 100, the second positioning pillar 202 on the movable part 200 moves in the slot-shaped through hole 302 to push the blade 301 to the position of the first positioning pillar 104.
  • the axis rotates as the rotating shaft, so that the stopper 305 of the blade 301 moves toward the direction close to the first positioning post 104 on the fixed part 100 and away from the first positioning post 104 on the fixed part 100, so that the blade 301 is driven to rotate, and the blade 301 is adjusted.
  • the size of the entrance aperture formed by assembly 300 varies.
  • the driving part may include a driving coil (not shown) and a magnet 2011 , wherein the driving coil may be wound on the fixing part 100 .
  • the magnet 2011 is fixed on the movable part 200 , for example, the magnet 2011 is disposed on the bottom of the second locking structure 201 of the movable part 200 .
  • an accommodating space for accommodating the magnet 2011 is provided at the bottom of the second locking structure 201.
  • the magnet used for the driving part may also be arranged at other positions on the bottom of the movable part 200 .
  • the magnet 2011 may also be arranged on the fixed part 100 , and the driving coil is arranged on the movable part 200 .
  • the driving part can be a piezoelectric motor
  • the piezoelectric motor can include an electronic driving part and an output connecting rod, wherein the electronic driving part is mechanically connected to one end of the output connecting rod, and the electronic driving part can be arranged on On the fixed part 100 , the other end of the output link is connected to the movable part 200 .
  • the electronic drive part can drive the output link to drive the movable part 200 to rotate relative to the fixed part 100 .
  • variable aperture structure 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a locking structure.
  • the locking structure may include a first locking portion and a second locking portion.
  • the first locking part is arranged on the fixed part
  • the second locking part is arranged on the movable part
  • the locking structure can lock the movable part and the fixed part when the movable part is rotated to a specific position
  • the specific position to which the movable part rotates may be the position where the size of the light entrance aperture formed by the blade assembly 300 is the largest.
  • Figure 7(a) is a schematic diagram of the position of the first locking part on the movable part 200
  • Figure 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the second lock
  • FIG. 7( c ) is a partial perspective view of the locking structure.
  • the first locking part is a protruding structure 2013
  • the protruding structure 2013 is provided at one end 201A of the second locking structure 201 on the movable part 200 .
  • the second locking portion is the recessed structure 1031 for engaging the protruding structure 2013 .
  • the concave structure 1031 is disposed on the first locking structure 103 on the fixing part 100 .
  • the recessed structure 1031 may be a groove or a through groove on the first locking structure 103 .
  • the locking of the fixed part 100 and the movable part 200 is realized by locking the protruding structure 2013 on the movable part 200 into the concave structure 1031 on the fixed part 100 .
  • the number of locking structures can be one, that is, a protruding structure 2013 is provided at one end 201A of one of the second locking structures 201 of the movable part, and one end of the locking structure 201 on the fixed part 100 A recessed structure 1031 is provided at a corresponding position on the first locking structure 103 adjacent to 201A.
  • the number of locking structures can also be set to be multiple, that is, the number of protruding structures 2013 and concave structures 1031 can be set to be multiple.
  • the number of protruding structures 2013 and concave structures 1031 can be set to be multiple.
  • the number of the recessed structures 1031 is consistent with the number of the protruding structures 2013, that is, two can be provided, and they are respectively provided at the corresponding positions of the corresponding two first locking structures 103 on the fixing part 100, so that The position of the recessed structure 1031 is matched with the position of the protruding structure 2013 correspondingly.
  • the protruding structure 2013 on the movable part can be driven into the concave structure 1031 on the fixed part, so that the movable part and the fixed part are locked.
  • the driving part drives the movable part 200 to move to a position where the protruding structure 2013 is separated from the recessed structure 1031 , so that the movable part and the fixed part are unlocked.
  • the protrusion structure 2013 is in interference fit with the recess structure 1031 , so that the movable part 200 and the fixed part 100 are locked by the pre-tightening force generated by the interference fit of the protrusion structure 2013 and the recess structure 1031 .
  • the protruding structure 2013 is a rectangular protrusion that protrudes outward from one end of the second locking structure 201, and the first locking structure 103 of the concave structure 1031 is provided with a rectangular protrusion that matches the rectangular protrusion.
  • the rectangular groove, wherein the height of the rectangular protrusion can be greater than or equal to the groove height of the groove, so as to realize the interference fit between the rectangular protrusion and the rectangular recess.
  • the shapes of the protruding structure 2013 and the recessed structure 1031 can also be other shapes, for example, the protruding structure 2013 is a columnar shape, and the recessed structure 1031 is a columnar hole adapted to the protruding structure 2013 wait.
  • the protruding structure 2013 in order to enable the protruding structure 2013 to be driven into the recessed structure 1031 relatively easily, the protruding structure 2013 includes a snap-in section 2014 and a transition section 2015, wherein the transition section 2015 is close to the recessed structure 1031.
  • the transition section 2015 is formed by the tapered extension of the diameter of the clamping section 2014, wherein the tapered form can be linearly tapered as shown in FIG. 8(a), or can be arc-shaped tapered as shown in FIG. 8(b). shrink.
  • the size of the clamping section 2014 may be greater than or equal to the size of the groove, so as to facilitate an interference fit with the groove, so as to generate a pre-tightening force between the clamping section 2014 and the recessed structure 1031 .
  • the transition section 2015 is formed by linear tapering on the upper and lower top surfaces of the rectangle, and the cross-sectional shape is as shown in Figure 8 ( a) as shown. As shown in FIG. 8( b ), the transition section 2015 can also be formed by arc-shaped tapering of the upper and lower top surfaces of the rectangle, and the cross section is shown in FIG. 8( b ). If the protruding clamping section 2014 can be a cylindrical structure, the transition section 2015 can be a circular truncated structure (not shown) in which the diameter of the cylinder is tapered and extended in a straight line.
  • a friction part may be provided on the outer surface of the protruding structure 2013 and/or the inner surface of the concave structure 1031, so that when the protruding structure 2013 is stuck When connected to the concave structure 1031, the friction part can increase the friction force between the convex structure 2013 and the concave structure 1031, and the relative movement of the convex structure 2013 relative to the concave structure 1031 is limited by the friction force, further increasing the movement of the movable part 200.
  • the firmness of locking with the fixing part 100 is provided on the outer surface of the protruding structure 2013 and/or the inner surface of the concave structure 1031, so that when the protruding structure 2013 is stuck When connected to the concave structure 1031, the friction part can increase the friction force between the convex structure 2013 and the concave structure 1031, and the relative movement of the convex structure 2013 relative to the concave structure 1031 is limited by the friction force, further increasing the movement of the movable part 200.
  • the friction part can be configured as an uneven shape on the outer surface of the protruding structure 2013 or the inner surface of the concave structure 1031 .
  • the friction part is a plurality of semicircular protrusions or a plurality of scratches disposed on the outer surface of the protruding structure 2013 or the inner surface of the concave structure 1031 .
  • the number of locking structures can be set to be multiple, that is, the number of protruding structures 2013 and concave structures 1031 can be set to be many indivual.
  • the number can be two, and they are respectively arranged on the two second locking structures 201 on the movable part 200.
  • the number of the recessed structures 1031 is consistent with the number of the protruding structures 2013, that is, it can be set to two, The positions of the second recessed structures 1031 and the positions of the protruding structures 2013 are correspondingly matched.
  • the first engaging portion is a concave structure 1031
  • the second engaging portion is a protruding structure 2013 .
  • Fig. 9(a) shows a schematic diagram of the positions of the first locking part and the second locking part on the movable part 200 and the fixed part 100 respectively
  • Fig. 9(b) shows The relative positions of the first locking part and the second locking part are schematic diagrams, as shown in FIGS. 9( a ) and 9 ( b )
  • the locking structure may include a first magnetic attraction part and a second magnetic attraction part.
  • the first magnetic attraction part can be the magnetic conductive sheet 107 provided on the fixed structure
  • the second magnetic attraction part can be the magnet 2011 provided on the movable part 200 .
  • the magnetically conductive sheet 107 and the magnet 2011 are attracted to each other by magnetic force, so as to realize the locking of the fixed part 100 and the movable part 200 .
  • the position of the magnet 2011 on the movable part 200 may be inside the housing of the second locking structure 201 of the movable part 200 .
  • the magnet 2011 on the movable part 200 for generating the magnetic attraction force and the above-mentioned magnet 2011 for electromagnetic induction with the driving coil may be the same magnet 2011 .
  • This arrangement can effectively reduce the number of components in the variable aperture structure 10, reduce the difficulty of assembling the variable aperture structure 10, improve the assembly efficiency of the variable aperture structure 10, and reduce the occupancy of the variable aperture structure 10. space.
  • the magnetically conductive sheet 107 on the fixed part 100 can be arranged in a variety of ways, as follows:
  • the upper surface of the magnetically conductive sheet 107 on the fixed part 100 may be arranged parallel to the bottom surface 2011A of the magnet 2011 on the movable part 200 .
  • the magnetic conductive sheet 107 is disposed on the bottom surface of the base 101 of the fixing part 100 .
  • the manner in which the magnetic conductive sheet 107 is disposed on the bottom surface of the base 101 of the fixing part 100 may be that the upper surface of the magnetic conductive sheet 107 is attached to the bottom surface of the base 101 .
  • the bottom surface of the base 101 is provided with a receiving groove capable of accommodating the magnetically conductive sheet 107 , and the magnetically conductive sheet 107 is located in the receiving groove and attached to the bottom surface of the base 101 .
  • the upper surface of the magnetic conductive sheet 107 can also be attached and connected to the bottom surface of the base 101 by bonding, which can effectively reduce the parts of the variable aperture structure 10 and reduce the size of the variable aperture structure. 10's footprint.
  • Figure 10(a) shows a schematic diagram of the positions of the first locking part and the second locking part on the movable part 200 and the fixed part 100 respectively
  • Figure 10(b) shows the first locking part and the second locking part Schematic diagram of the relative position of the stop part.
  • the surface of the magnetic conductive sheet 107 on the fixed part 100 is arranged parallel to the side surface 2011B of the magnet 2011 on the movable part 200 .
  • the first locking structure 103 can be provided with an opening facing the receiving groove (opening direction, whether the position needs to be briefly introduced), and the magnetically conductive sheet 107 is locked in the receiving groove.
  • the magnetically conductive sheet 107 can be bonded to the side of the first locking structure 103 .
  • the slot-shaped through hole 302 of the blade 301 may be configured as a straight slot.
  • the slot-shaped through hole 302 is a bent slot.
  • the bent slot 302 includes a first bent section 3021 and a second bent section 3022, wherein, after the bending direction of the second bent section is unlocked from the movable part, the second positioning post 202 is driven to the position The rotation trajectory within a certain angle is consistent.
  • first bending section 3021 and the second bending section 3022 may be two sections of slot-shaped through holes with a certain angle.
  • the bending direction of the second bending section 3022 may refer to the main extending direction of the second bending section 3022, for example, may be the extending direction of the through hole of the slot-shaped through hole.
  • the bending direction of the second bending section 3022 is consistent with the rotation direction of the second positioning column 202 within a set angle after the movable part is unlocked, so that the driving part can drive the movable part when it starts to move.
  • the second bending section 3022 moves, it moves toward the first bending section 3021 along the extending direction of the through hole of the second bending section 3022, that is, the movement track of the movable part when it starts to move is the same as that of the second bending section 3022.
  • the extending direction of the through hole is the same, therefore, the driving part only needs to provide the corresponding locking force (such as magnetic attraction force or pre-tightening force) to overcome the locking structure at this time, and does not need to provide the force to drive the blade to rotate, so it can make the drive
  • the starting force of the part is greatly reduced, so that the starting current of the driving part is greatly reduced, which helps to increase the life of the driving part.
  • the above-mentioned setting angle and the size of the second bending section 3022 are related to the locking force of the locking structure.
  • the locking force of the locking structure is a magnetic attraction force.
  • the setting angle can be set to 5 degrees
  • the second bending section 3022 is the distance that the second positioning column moves in the slot-shaped through hole when the movable part rotates 5 degrees.
  • the size range can be defined by a length range.
  • the driving part only needs to provide the corresponding locking force to overcome the locking structure when it starts to move, and does not need to provide the force to drive the blade 301 to rotate.
  • the locking force is the above-mentioned pretightening force, frictional force, magnetic attraction force and the like.
  • the second positioning post 202 will drive the blade 301 to rotate, so that the driving part
  • the driving part When starting to drive the movable part to move, not only the corresponding locking force to overcome the locking structure is provided, but also the force to drive the blade 301 to rotate is provided, so that the starting force of the driving part is too large.
  • the use of the bent slot hole can greatly reduce the starting force of the driving part, so that the starting current of the driving part can be greatly reduced, which helps to increase the life of the driving part.
  • FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the upper cover 400 of the variable aperture structure 10.
  • an opening 401 is provided in the middle of the upper cover 400, and the opening 401 can avoid blocking light from entering the light entrance aperture formed by the blade assembly 300.
  • a first relief hole 402 corresponding to the round hole 303 of the blade 301 and a second relief hole 403 corresponding to the slot-shaped through hole 302 of the blade 301 are also provided thereon.
  • the upper cover 400 is fixed on the fixing part 100 , and the upper cover 400 and the fixing part 100 form a sandwich space.
  • the blade assembly 300 moves in this interlayer space, and due to the stopper of the upper cover 400 , the occurrence of the effective blade 301 detachment can be avoided.
  • the fixing part 100 is further provided with a position detection device.
  • the position detection device is provided on the flexible printed circuit board 105 of the fixed part 100 , and the position detection device is used to detect the position of the movable part 200 to determine whether the movable part 200 is in a locked position with the fixed part 100 through the detected position. Avoid the situation that the movable part 200 and the fixed part 100 are not locked.
  • the position detecting device may be a driving chip.
  • the driver chip can detect the magnetic field generated by the magnet 2011 on the movable part, and feedback the position of the movable part 200 according to the change of the magnetic field, so as to confirm the current position of the movable part 200 . If the movable part 200 is not in the locked position, the driver chip controls the drive part to re-drive until the movable part 200 is driven to the set locked position to ensure that the movable part 200 and the fixed part 100 are locked.
  • both the position detection device and the driving coil can be disposed on the flexible printed circuit board 105 of the fixing part 100 .
  • the base 101 of the fixing part 100 , the light inlet column 102 and the shell of the first locking structure 103 can be plastic parts, and the inside of the plastic parts is injection-molded with metal, such as iron or copper.
  • the metal inside the plastic part is connected to the pins of the flexible printed circuit board 105 by welding.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a camera module, including any variable aperture structure 10 described above.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, which may include the above-mentioned variable aperture structure 10 or the above-mentioned camera module.
  • the electronic equipment can specifically be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a vehicle monitoring device, etc., and can also be a camera-specific equipment such as a single-lens reflex camera.
  • the mobile phone has a mobile phone casing, and the above-mentioned camera module can be installed on the back of the mobile phone casing, as a rear-view camera structure of the mobile phone, to realize the rear-view camera function; implementable, the above-mentioned camera module
  • the battery pack can be installed on the front of the mobile phone casing as the front camera structure of the mobile phone to realize the front view camera function.

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Abstract

一种可变光圈结构（10）、摄像模组及电子设备，其中，可变光圈结构（10）包括：固定部（100）,活动部（200）、驱动部、叶片组件（300）和锁止结构；活动部（200）套合于固定部（100）上；叶片组件（300）设置于活动部（200）±,叶片组件（300）用于形成供光线通过的进光孔；驱动部用于驱动活动部（200）相对于固定部（100）进行旋转，活动部（200）旋转能够带动叶片组件（300）旋转以调整进光孔的尺寸；锁止结构用于当活动部（200）旋转到设定位置时，将活动部（200）锁止在固定部（100）上。能够使得驱动部在停止工作时可以将活动部（200）驱动至与固定部（100）进行锁止，以使得活动部（200）在驱动部停止工作后，活动部（200）不会进行自行转动，从而能够维持进光孔的孔径处于最大位置，便于后续拍摄。

Description

一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备
本申请要求于2021年07月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为CN202121764328.2、申请名称为“一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及摄像技术领域，特别涉及一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备。
背景技术
现有的摄像模组中，为了提供不同的景深，以及图像亮度的需求，一般通过在摄像模组的镜头的前端设置可变光圈结构以调节进光量的大小。
目前，可变光圈结构一般包括固定部、活动部、驱动部以及叶片组件；活动部套设于固定部上，且能够在驱动部的作用下绕固定部进行转动，叶片组件设于活动部上，且叶片组件形成有进光孔，活动部能够带动叶片组件旋转以实现进光孔的孔径的调整。在摄像模组的拍摄过程中，需要调节进光量的时候，可以通过驱动部驱动活动部转动，以使活动部能够带动叶片旋转调整进光孔的孔径，从而调整进光量。当拍摄结束后，驱动部会将活动部驱动至使得可变光圈结构的进光孔的孔径最大的位置时停止工作，便于下次拍摄。
而在上述技术方案中，由于可变光圈结构的活动部一般为直接套设于固定部上并与固定部贴合连接，所以在驱动部停止工作后，在摄像模组被移动的情况下，由于活动部与固定部连接并不固定，因此活动部可能会因摄像模组的移动出现绕固定部自行转动的情况，从而带动叶片组件进行旋转，影响进光孔的孔径，使得进光孔的孔径不是处于最大位置，影响下次拍摄。
实用新型内容
为解决上述驱动部停止工作后，在摄像模组被移动的情况下，活动部可能会因摄像模组的移动出现绕固定部自行转动的技术问题，本申请实施例提供一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备。
本申请实施例第一方面提供一种可变光圈结构，包括：固定部、活动部、驱动部、叶片组件和锁止结构；
所述活动部套合于所述固定部上；
所述叶片组件设置于所述活动部上，所述叶片组件用于形成供光线通过的进光孔；
所述驱动部用于驱动所述活动部相对于所述固定部进行旋转，所述活动部旋转能够带动所述叶片组件旋转以调整所述进光孔的尺寸；
所述锁止结构用于当所述活动部旋转到设定位置时，将所述活动部锁止在所述固定部上。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，在固定部和锁止部之间设置有锁止结构，能够使得驱动部在停止工作时可以将活动部驱动至与固定部进行锁止，以使得活动部在驱动部停止工作后，活动部不 会进行转动或抖动，维持进光孔的孔径处于最大位置，便于后续拍摄。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述固定部上设有至少一个第一卡位结构，所述活动部上设有至少一个第二卡位结构；所述至少一个第一卡位结构和所述至少一个第二卡位结构配合以限定所述活动部的转动范围；
所述锁止结构包括第一锁止部和第二锁止部；所述第一锁止部和所述第二锁止部配合锁止；
所述第一锁止部设于所述第一卡位结构上，所述第二锁止部设于所述第二卡位结构上。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，第一卡位结构和第二卡位结构可以配合以限定活动部的转动范围，且在第一卡位结构上可以设置第一锁止部，第二卡位结构上可以设置第二锁止部，使得第一卡位结构和第二卡位结构通过第一锁止部和第二锁止部进行锁止，从而使得固定部和活动部实现锁止。
其中，第一卡位结构和第二卡位结构的数量可以根据实际需求进行确定。例如，可以根据活动部需要转动的活动范围确定。例如，若活动部的转动范围不需要太大，例如在0-90度之间，则第一卡位结构的数量可以为四个，第二卡位结构的数量为两个，活动部上第二卡位结构的数量可以为两个，均匀设置于固定部的底座上，两个第二卡位结构相对于活动部的圆心呈对称设置。每个第二卡位结构在装配的状态下分别位于固定部上两个相邻的第一卡位结构之间以便于限定活动部的活动范围。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述第一锁止部为设于所述第一卡位结构上的凹陷结构，所述第二锁止部为设于所述第二卡位结构上的凸起结构，所述凸起结构与所述凹陷结构配合卡接；
或，
所述第一锁止部为设于所述第一卡位结构上的凸起结构，所述第二锁止部为设于所述第二卡位结构上的凹陷结构，所述凸起结构与所述凹陷结构配合卡接。
本申请实施例中，第一卡位结构和第二卡位结构可以通过凸起结构与凹陷结构的配合卡接实现锁止，从而实现固定部与活动部的锁止。
可以理解，凹陷结构可以为位于第一卡位结构上的凹槽或者通槽等。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，凸起结构与凹陷结构可以为过盈配合，以使得活动部和固定部通过凸起结构与凹陷结构过盈配合产生的预紧力进行锁止。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述凸起结构包括卡接段和过渡段；所述过渡段的尺寸相对于所述卡接段的尺寸渐缩。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，过渡段为凸起结构上靠近凹陷结构的一段，设置过渡段的尺寸相对于所述卡接段的尺寸渐缩，可以使得过渡段可以被更加容易驱动至凹陷结构内，并使得卡接段与凹陷结构卡接以实现锁止。
其中，卡接段的尺寸可以大于等于凹槽尺寸，便于与凹槽过盈配合，以在卡接段和凹陷结构之间产生预紧力。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述过渡段的尺寸相对于所述卡接段的尺寸渐缩的形式为直线型渐缩或弧形渐缩。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述凹陷结构的内表面上设有第一摩擦部；和/或；所述凸起结构的外表面设有第二摩擦部。
可以理解，本申请实施例提及的第一摩擦部和第二摩擦部知识为了表述方便，第一摩擦部和 第二摩擦部与本申请实施例中提及的摩擦部意思一致。例如，本申请实施例中提及的凸起结构的外表面上设置摩擦部即为第二摩擦部，凹陷结构的内表面上设置的摩擦部即为第一摩擦部。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，可以只在凸起结构的外表面和凹陷结构的内表面设置有摩擦部，也可以在凸起结构的外表面和凹陷结构的内表面均设置有摩擦部。摩擦部的设置可以使得当凸起结构卡接与凹陷结构内时，摩擦部能够增大凸起结构与凹陷结构之间的摩擦力，通过该摩擦力限制凸起结构相对于凹陷结构的相对运动，进一步增加活动部和固定部锁止的牢固性。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述第一摩擦部为设于所述凹陷结构的内表面的凹凸不平的结构；
所述第二摩擦部为设于所述凸起结构的外表面的凹凸不平的结构。
可以理解，第一摩擦部和第二摩擦部可以分别为凸起结构的外表面或凹陷结构的内表面设置为凹凸不平的形状。例如，第一摩擦部和第二摩擦部可以分别为凸起结构的外表面或凹陷结构的内表面设置的多个半圆形凸起或多条划痕。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述第一锁止部为设于所述固定部上的第一磁吸部，所述第二锁止部为设于所述活动部上的第二磁吸部；
所述固定部和所述活动部通过所述第一磁吸部和所述第二磁吸部之间的磁吸力进行锁止。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述第一磁吸部设于所述固定部的底面或所述第一卡位结构的侧面；
所述第二卡位结构设有第一容纳壳体，所述第二磁吸部设于所述第一容纳壳体内。
本申请实施例中，第一磁吸部可以为导磁片，第二磁吸部可以为磁铁
其中，活动部上的磁铁的位置可以为设于上述活动部的第二卡位结构的壳体内部。可实施的，该活动部上用于产生磁吸力的磁铁与下文中与驱动线圈进行电磁感应的磁铁可以为同一磁铁。此种设置方式能够有效减少可变光圈结构中零部件的数量，降低可变光圈结构的装配难度，提高可变光圈结构的装配效率，同时还能够减小可变光圈结构的占用空间。
固定部上的导磁片的位置设置方案有多种，在一些实施例中，固定部上的导磁片的上表面可以与活动部上的磁铁的底面平行设置。在一些实施例中，固定部上的导磁片的表面与也可以与活动部上的磁铁的侧面平行设置。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述第一磁吸部与所述固定部的底面粘接；可以理解，通过粘接的方式能够有效减少可变光圈结构的零部件，减小可变光圈结构的占用空间。
在一些实施例中，所述固定部的底面设有第二容纳壳体，所述第一磁吸部设于所述第二容纳壳体内；
在一些实施例中，所述第一磁吸部贴设于所述第一卡位结构的侧面；
在一些实施例中，所述第一卡位结构上设有容纳槽，所述第一磁吸部嵌设于所述容纳槽内。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述第一磁吸部为导磁片，所述第二磁吸部为磁铁。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述叶片组件包括至少两个叶片，每个所述叶片上均设有圆孔和槽型通孔；
所述固定部上设有环形分布的至少两个第一定位柱，所述至少两个第一定位柱与所述叶片组件中的至少两个叶片一一对应设置；
所述活动部上设有环形分布的至少两个第二定位柱，所述至少两个第二定位柱与所述叶片组件中的至少两个叶片一一对应设置；
每个所述第一定位柱与对应的所述叶片上的所述圆孔铰接，每个所述第二定位柱穿设于对应的所述叶片上的所述槽型通孔内。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，为了保证叶片组件形成的进光孔的尺寸可以调整，叶片的数量、第一定位柱和第二定位柱的数量需要保持一致。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述槽型通孔包括弯折连接的第一弯折段和第二弯折段；
所述活动部与所述固定部锁止时，所述第二定位柱位于所述第二弯折段的未与所述第一弯折段连接的一端；
所述第二弯折段的弯折方向与所述活动部解锁后带动第二定位柱在设定角度内的转动轨迹一致。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，第一弯折段和第二弯折段可以为具有一定夹角的两段槽型通孔。第二弯折段的弯折方向可以指第二弯折段的主延伸方向，例如，可以为槽型通孔的孔的延伸方向。
其中将所述第二弯折段的弯折方向与所述活动部解锁后在带动第二定位柱在设定角度内的转动轨迹一致，可以使得驱动部在刚开始运动时带动活动部在第二弯折段运动时，是沿着第二弯折段的通孔延伸方向朝向第一弯折段运动，即使得活动部开始运动时带动第二定位柱的运动轨迹与第二弯折段的通孔的延伸方向一致，因此，驱动部此时只需提供克服锁止结构对应的锁止力(例如磁吸力或者预紧力)，并不需提供带动叶片转动的力，因此能够使得驱动部的启动力大大减小，使得驱动部的启动电流大大减小，有助于增加驱动部的寿命。
可以理解，上述设定角度及第二弯折段的尺寸均与锁止结构的锁止力的大小相关，例如，锁止结构的锁止力为磁吸力，当活动部旋转5度时，可以完全克服磁吸力，则可以将设定角度设置为5度，第二弯折段的尺寸活动部旋转5度时在第二定位柱在槽型通孔移动的距离。其中，该尺寸范围可以用长度范围定义。
其中，采用该弯折型槽孔的设计方案能够使得驱动部的启动力减小的原理在后文实施例中结合图12(a)和12(b)进行说明。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述驱动部包括驱动线圈和磁铁；所述驱动线圈设于所述固定部上，所述磁铁设于所述活动部上；
或；
所述驱动线圈设于所述活动部上，所述磁铁设于所述固定部上。
在上述第一方面一种可能的实现中，所述设定位置为使得所述进光孔的尺寸最大时的位置。
本申请第二方面提供一种摄像模组，包括摄像马达、镜头和所述可变光圈结构；
所述摄像马达包括固定座、载座以及驱动器；
所述驱动器用于驱动所述载座相对所述固定座沿设定方向移动；
所述载座沿所述设定方向形成有安装孔，所述镜头固定于所述安装孔内，所述设定方向与所述镜头的光轴平行；
所述可变光圈结构固定于所述载座上且位于所述镜头的入光侧。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，镜头的光轴方向的定义可以为垂直通过镜头的光束的中轴线方向。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，摄像模组还可以包括图像传感器组件，固定于固定座上且设于镜头的出光侧。具体的，当摄像模组外部的光线经过可变光圈结构的进光孔进入镜头，经过镜头 的光线最终到达图像传感器组件显影成像。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种电子设备，包括壳体和所述摄像模组，所述摄像模组固定于所述壳体中。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，电子设备不限于为手机、平板电脑、车载监控等电子设备，上述摄像模组可以安装于电子设备的壳体中，以实现这些电子设备的摄像功能。例如，若电子设备为手机，则摄像模组可以设于手机的壳体中。
附图说明
图1(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种摄像模组的示意图；
图1(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种进光量调节前后的拍照效果示意图；
图1(c)和(d)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了叶片组件形成的进光孔径最大时与较小时与上盖的装配示意图；
图2根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种可变光圈的结构示意图；
图3根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种固定部结构示意图；
图4根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种活动部的结构示意图；
图5(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种叶片组件的结构示意图；
图5(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种叶片组件的安装方式示意图；
图6根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种驱动部的位置示意图；
图7(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第一锁止部在活动部200上的位置示意图；
图7(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第二锁止部在固定部100上的位置示意图；
图7(c)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种锁止结构的局部立体图；
图8(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种凸起结构的示意图；
图8(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种凸起结构的示意图；
图9(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第一锁止部和第二锁止部分别在活动部和固定部上的位置示意图；
图9(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第一锁止部和第二锁止部的相对位置示意图；
图10(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第一锁止部和第二锁止部分别在活动部和固定部上的位置示意图；
图10(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第一锁止部和第二锁止部的相对位置示意图；
图11(a)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种叶片的示意图；
图11(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种叶片的示意图；
图12(a)和(b)根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种第二定位柱在操行通孔内移动前后的对比示意图；
图13根据本申请的一些实施例，示出了一种上盖的示意图。
附图标记说明：
可变光圈结构；100-固定部；101-底座；102-进光孔柱；103-第一卡位结构；1031-凹陷结构；104-第一定位柱；105-柔性印刷电路板；106-参考圆部件；1061-定位孔；
21-固定座；22-壳体；23-载座；30-镜头；
200-活动部；201-第二卡位结构；201A-第二卡位结构的一端；2011-磁铁；
2011A-磁铁的底面；2011B-磁铁的侧面；2012-第一容纳壳体；2013-凸起结构；2014-卡接段；2015-过渡段；202-第二定位柱；
300-叶片组件；301-叶片；302-槽型通孔；3021-第一弯折段；3022-第二弯折段；303-圆孔；304-弧形段；305-限位部；
400-上盖；401-开孔；401-第一避让孔；402-第二避让孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本申请做进一步说明。可以理解的是，此处描述的具体实施例仅仅是为了解释本申请，而非对本申请的限定。此外，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部的结构或过程。应注意的是，在本说明书中，相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项。下面将结合附图对本申请的实施例作进一步地详细描述。
本申请实施例提供一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备。其中，本申请实施例提供的可变光圈结构可以用于各种摄像模组中，例如，可以用于手机或电脑等电子设备的摄像模组中，可实施的，也可以用于单反相机的摄像模组中。
为了便于理解本申请的技术方案，首先对本申请实施例提及的摄像模组的具体结构进行简要描述。图1(a)为本申请实施例一种摄像模组的结构示意图。如图1(a)所示，摄像模组包括摄像马达、镜头30、图像传感器组件以及可变光圈结构10。
其中，摄像马达包括用于对焦的对焦部。具体地，对焦部包括壳体21、固定座22、载座23以及驱动器(图中未示出)，载座23设于壳体21和固定座22形成的容纳载空间内，驱动器设置于载座23上；驱动器能够驱动载座23相对固定座沿光轴方向移动。镜头30固定于载座23的安装孔内，随载座23一起沿光轴方向移动。图像传感器组件固定于固定座21上且设于镜头30的出光侧，可变光圈结构10固定于载座23上且设于镜头30的入光侧。其中，光轴方向的定义：通过镜头30的光束的中轴线方向。对焦部通过驱动器驱动镜头30沿光轴方向移动，从而调整镜头30与图像传感组件之间的距离，实现摄像模组的对焦。
可变光圈结构10形成有直径可调的进光孔。摄像模组外部的光线经过可变光圈结构10的进光孔进入镜头30，经过镜头30的光线最终到达图像传感器组件显影成像。其中，图像传感器组件可以包括图像传感器以及其他的外联器件和支撑结构。
具体地，可变光圈在摄像模组进行拍照或录像时可以用于调节进光量，以实现图像质量的改善。在摄像模组进行拍照或录像时，通过可变光圈结构10调整进光量，以改善图像的彩条或颜色分层问题：如图1(b)中左图所示，在室内灯光下，拍摄和录像容易产生时域混叠现象，从而造成图像出现条纹；如图1(b)中右图所示，在室内灯光下，拍摄的图像将会出现多条条纹，当通过可变光圈结构1010调整进光量后，拍摄的图像较为清晰。此外，摄像模组在微距拍照下，若景深较浅，将无法进行背景虚化，难以突显拍摄的目标；此时通过可变光圈进行进光量的调节，从而增加景深，进行背景虚化以突显拍摄的目标。
在其他一些技术方案中，可变光圈结构10一般包括固定部、活动部、驱动部、叶片组件和上盖；活动部套设于固定部上，且能够在驱动部的作用下绕固定部进行转动，叶片组件设于活动部上，且叶片组件形成有进光孔，活动部能够带动叶片组件旋转以实现进光孔的孔径的调整。上盖 位于叶片组件上，并设有与叶片组件形成的进光孔的最大孔径一直的通孔。在摄像模组的拍摄过程中，需要调节进光量的时候，可以通过驱动部驱动活动部转动，以使活动部能够带动叶片旋转调整进光孔的孔径，从而调整进光量。当拍摄结束后，驱动部会将活动部复位并停止工作，即将活动部驱动至使得可变光圈结构10的进光孔的孔径最大的位置时停止工作。
而在上述技术方案中，由于活动部直接套设于固定部上并无其他的连接，导致驱动部停止工作后，活动部还可能出现绕活动部进行转动的情况，从而带动叶片组件进行旋转，影响进光孔的孔径，使得进光孔的孔径不是处于最大位置。当进光孔的孔径不是最大位置时，具有以下影响：
一方面，图1(c)和1(d)分别示出了叶片组件300形成的进光孔径最大时与较小时与上盖400的装配示意图。因上盖400是可变光圈的外观面，如图1(c)所示，当叶片301组件形成的进光孔的孔径处于最大位置时，从上盖400的外侧进行观看，不会有部分叶片301显露于于上盖400的通孔内；如图1(d)所示，当叶片301组件形成的进光孔的孔径较小时，从上盖400的外侧进行观看，有部分叶片301会显露于于上盖400的通孔内，使得可变光圈结构会被误认为出现异常。
另一方面，在常规拍摄中，一般采用进光孔的孔径最大的位置时进行拍摄，只有在特殊需求拍摄时进行进光孔的孔径的调整，而上述方案在驱动部停止工作后，容易出现活动部绕活动部进行转动的情况，改变进光孔的孔径，此时进光孔的孔径将不是处于最大尺寸，在下次进行拍摄时，用户进行常规拍摄还需将进光孔的孔径调整为最大，增加用户操作，影响用户体验。
为解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种可变光圈结构，在固定部和锁止部之间设置有锁止结构，从而使得驱动部在停止工作时可以将活动部驱动至与固定部进行锁止，以使得活动部在驱动部停止工作后，活动部不会进行转动或抖动，维持进光孔的孔径处于最大位置。
图2示出了本申请实施例一种可变光圈结构10的示意图，如图2所示，可变光圈结构10可以包括固定部100、活动部200、驱动部(未图示)、叶片组件300和上盖400。活动部200套设于固定部100上，且能够在驱动部的作用下绕固定部100进行转动；叶片组件300设于活动部200上，分别与固定部100及活动部200进行铰接，且叶片组件300形成有进光孔，活动部200能够带动叶片组件300旋转以实现进光孔的孔径的调整。
其中，固定部100可以用于将可变光圈结构10固定于上述摄像模组的镜头的前端，例如将固定部100固定于前述摄像马达的载座上。
图3为固定部100的一种结构示意图，如图3所示，固定部100的结构包括底座101、进光孔柱102、第一卡位结构103、多个第一定位柱104、柔性印刷电路板105及参考圆部件106。
其中，进光孔柱102设于底座101的中间部位，进光孔柱102能够作为一个光通道用于将穿过叶片组件300的进光孔的光传递至镜头。其中，进光孔柱102通孔的最小截面尺寸大于等于叶片组件300形成的进光孔的最大尺寸。
第一卡位结构103的数量可以为多个，分布于底座101的四周，第一卡位结构103可以用于限定活动部200的活动范围。例如，第一卡位结构103的数量为四个，均匀分布于底座101的周围。柔性印刷电路板105套设于进光孔柱102的外壁并与底座101贴合连接，柔性印刷电路板105内设有用于驱动活动部200转动的驱动电路。
参考圆部件106固定于进光孔柱102的顶部，用于限定进光孔径的最大范围。具体的，多个第一定位柱104设于进光孔柱102的顶部，参考圆部件106上设有与第一定位柱104数量相同、位置相对的定位孔1061，参考圆部件106通过多个定位孔1061与第一定位柱104的配合固定于进光孔柱102上。
图4为本申请实施例活动部200的结构示意图。如图4所示，活动部200包括与第一卡位结构103适配的第二卡位结构201、第二定位柱202及转动孔203。
结合图3和图4可知，活动部200可以通过转动孔203套设于进光孔柱102，且活动部200与固定部100的印刷电路板105贴合连接，例如，活动部200的底面抵接于印刷电路板105的顶面。
活动部200上第二卡位结构201的数量可以为两个，两个第二卡位结构201相对于活动部200的圆心呈对称设置。每个第二卡位结构201在装配的状态下分别位于固定部100上两个相邻的第一卡位结构103之间以便于限定活动部200的活动范围。
图5(a)为本申请实施例的叶片301组件的结构示意图，如图5(a)所示，叶片组件300可以包括多个叶片301。在本申请一些实施中，多个叶片301的数量大于两片，且多个叶片301环形分布于活动部200的上表面以形成供光线穿过的进光孔。
具体地，如图5(a)所示，叶片组件300包括6片叶片301。6片叶片301按每层3个叶片301分上下两层分布，叶片301上标记有①的叶片301为分布于下层的叶片301，叶片301上标记有②的为分布于上层的叶片301。同层内的三个叶片301中任意两个相邻叶片301的布置方向之间的夹角为120°。异层间相邻近的两个叶片301的布置方向的夹角为60°。可以理解的是，叶片301的布置方向可以定义为叶片301上的圆孔303的中心与进光孔的中心的连线所在的的方向。
在描述完叶片301的分布位置与分布方向之后，为了描述进光孔的形成，下面将详细描述每个叶片301的形态，其中，每个叶片301上均设有弧形段304，六个叶片301的弧形段304首尾相连形成供光线通过的进光孔。
为了便于叶片301旋转，每个叶片301上还设有槽型通孔302、圆孔303和限位部305。其中，槽型通孔302用于与活动部上的第二定位柱202铰接，圆孔303用于与固定部100上的第一定位柱104铰接。其中限位部305可以为限位凹槽，且限位凹槽的开口朝向固定部100上的第一定位柱104。第一定位柱104能够在叶片301201进行扩大进光孔径的旋转时，对限位部305进行止挡，从而防止叶片301继续向外旋转，进而有效控制叶片301的活动范围，减小可变光圈结构10的体积。
图5(b)为叶片301组件安装于活动部及固定部上的的装配示意图。如图5(b)所示，叶片组件300设于活动部200的上方，叶片301的圆孔303铰接于固定部100上的第一定位柱104，槽型通孔302铰接于活动部200上的第二定位柱202上。
当活动部200相对固定部100转动时,叶片301的圆孔303铰接于固定部100上第一定位柱104并且可绕着第一定位柱104进行转动,槽型通孔302铰接于活动部200上的第二定位柱202，并且当活动部200相对于固定部100转动时,活动部200上的第二定位柱202在槽型通孔302内运动推动着叶片301以第一定位柱104的轴线为转动轴进行转动,使得叶片301的限位部305向靠近固定部100上的第一定位柱104和远离固定部100上的第一定位柱104的方向移动，带动叶片301转动，调整叶片组件300形成的进光孔径的尺寸的变化。
驱动部驱动活动部200进行转动的方式和对应的结构设置方案有多种，下面简要介绍其中的几种：
一种可实施的方案中，如图6所示，驱动部可以包括驱动线圈(未图示)和磁铁2011，其中驱动线圈可以绕设于固定部100上。磁铁2011固定于活动部200，例如，磁铁2011设于活动部200的第二卡位结构201的底部。具体的，第二卡位结构201的底部开设有用于容纳磁铁2011的 容纳空间。当驱动线圈通电时，驱动线圈产生磁场，从而驱动磁铁2011在磁场的作用下进行转动，,使得磁铁2011能够带动活动部200相对于驱动线圈转动。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，用于驱动部的磁铁也可以设于活动部200底部的其他位置。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，磁铁2011也可以设置于固定部100上，驱动线圈设置于活动部200。
另一种可实施的方案中，驱动部可以为压电马达，压电马达可以包括电子驱动部和输出连杆，其中，电子驱动部与输出连杆的一端机械连接，电子驱动部可以设于固定部100上，输出连杆的另一端与活动部200连接，当对电子驱动部上电时，电子驱动部可以驱动输出连杆驱动活动部200相对于固定部100转动。
本申请实施例中，在驱动部停止工作后，摄像模组移动时(特别是在摄像模组掉落或大幅度移动时)，活动部200带动叶片301发生抖动或者转动，进而影响进光孔径的尺寸。为了解决这一问题，本申请实施例提供的可变光圈结构10设置有锁止结构。具体地，锁止结构可以包括第一锁止部和第二锁止部。其中，第一锁止部设于固定部上，第二锁止部设于活动部上，锁止结构能够将当活动部转动到特定位置时，将活动部与固定部进锁止，其中，活动部转动到的特定位置可以为叶片组件300形成的进光孔径的尺寸最大的位置。
其中，锁止结构的设置方案有多种，下面举例介绍其中的几种：
一种可实施的方案中，如图7(a)-(c)所示，图7(a)为第一锁止部在活动部200上的位置示意图，图7(b)为第二锁止部在固定部100上的位置示意图，图7(c)为锁止结构的局部立体图。
如图7(a)所示,第一锁止部为凸起结构2013，凸起结构2013设于活动部200上第二卡位结构201的一端201A。第二锁止部为用于卡接凸起结构2013的凹陷结构1031。凹陷结构1031设于固定部100上的第一卡位结构103。
可实施的，凹陷结构1031可以为位于第一卡位结构103上的凹槽或者通槽等。具体的，通过活动部200上的凸起结构2013卡接于固定部100上的凹陷结构1031内以实现固定部100与活动部200的锁止。
在一些实施例中，锁止结构的数量可以为一个，即在活动部的其中一个第二卡位结构201的一端201A设置凸起结构2013，在固定部100上的与卡位结构201的一端201A邻近的第一卡位结构103上的对应位置设置凹陷结构1031。
在另一些实施例中，为了进一步增加锁止的牢固性，也可以将锁止结构的数量设置为多个，即凸起结构2013和凹陷结构1031的数量设置为多个。例如，若如图7(a)中所示的活动部上设置有两个对称的第二卡位结构201，固定部上设置有四个对称的第一卡位结构，则凸起结构2013的数量可以为两个，且分别设于活动部200上两个第二卡位结构201的一端201A处。可实施的，凹陷结构1031的数量与凸起结构2013的数量相一致，即可以设置为两个，分别设于固定部100上的对应的两个第一卡位结构103的对应位置，以使得凹陷结构1031的位置与凸起结构2013的位置对应配合。
本申请实施例中，在驱动部停止工作前，可以将活动部上的凸起结构2013驱动至固定部上的凹陷结构1031内，使得活动部与固定部进行锁止。在驱动部开始工作后，驱动部驱动活动部200运动至凸起结构2013与凹陷结构1031脱离的位置，以使活动部与固定部解锁。
在一些实施例中，凸起结构2013与凹陷结构1031过盈配合，以使得活动部200和固定部100 通过凸起结构2013与凹陷结构1031过盈配合产生的预紧力进行锁止。
例如，如图7(b)中所示，凸起结构2013为第二卡位结构201的一端向外突出的矩形凸起，凹陷结构1031第一卡位结构103上设置有与矩形凸起匹配的矩形凹槽，其中矩形凸起的高度可以大于或等于凹槽的槽高，以实现矩形凸起与矩形凹陷过盈配合。
可以理解，本申请实施中，凸起结构2013与凹陷结构1031的形状也可以为其他形状，例如，凸起结构2013为柱形，凹陷结构1031为与凸起结构2013适配的柱形的孔等。
如图8(a)和8(b)所示，在一些实施例中，为了使得凸起结构2013能够较为容易的被驱动至凹陷结构1031内，凸起结构2013包括卡接段2014和过渡段2015，其中过渡段2015靠近凹陷结构1031。过渡段2015为卡接段2014的直径呈渐缩延伸形成，其中，渐缩形式可以如图8(a)所示的直线形渐缩，也可以如图8(b)所示的弧形渐缩。其中，卡接段2014的尺寸可以大于等于凹槽尺寸，便于与凹槽过盈配合，以在卡接段2014和凹陷结构1031之间产生预紧力。
如图8(a)所示，若凸起结构2013的卡接段2014为矩形结构，则过渡段2015为矩形的上顶面和下顶面进行直线渐缩形成，截面形状为如图8(a)所示。如图8(b)所示，过渡段2015还可以为矩形的上顶面和下顶面进行弧形渐缩形成，截面如图8(b)所示。若凸起的卡接段2014可以为圆柱形结构，则过渡段2015可以为圆柱的直径呈直线型渐缩延伸形成的圆台结构(未图示)。
在一些实施例中，为了进一步增加锁止结构锁止的牢固性，可以在凸起结构2013的外表面和/或凹陷结构1031的内表面可以设置有摩擦部，以使得当凸起结构2013卡接与凹陷结构1031内时，摩擦部能够增大凸起结构2013与凹陷结构1031之间的摩擦力，通过该摩擦力限制凸起结构2013相对于凹陷结构1031的相对运动，进一步增加活动部200和固定部100锁止的牢固性。
可实施的，摩擦部可以为凸起结构2013的外表面或凹陷结构1031的内表面设置为凹凸不平的形状。例如，摩擦部为设置于凸起结构2013的外表面或凹陷结构1031的内表面上的多个半圆形凸起或多条划痕。
可以理解，本实施例中，为了进一步增加活动部200和固定部100锁止的牢固性，可以将锁止结构的数量设置为多个，即凸起结构2013和凹陷结构1031的数量设置为多个。例如，若如图7(a)中所示的活动部上设置有两个对称的第二卡位结构201，固定部上设置有四个对称的第一卡位结构，则凸起结构2013的数量可以为两个，且分别设于活动部200上两个第二卡位结构201上，可实施的，凹陷结构1031的数量与凸起结构2013的数量相一致，即可以设置为两个，分别设于第二凹陷结构1031的位置与凸起结构2013的位置对应配合。
可以理解，在本申请的另外一些实施例中，第一卡接部为凹陷结构1031，第二卡接部为凸起结构2013。
另一种可实施的方案中，图9(a)示出了第一锁止部和第二锁止部分别在活动部200和固定部100上的位置示意图，图9(b)示出了第一锁止部和第二锁止部的相对位置示意图，如图9(a)和9(b)所示，锁止结构可以包括第一磁吸部和第二磁吸部。例如，第一磁吸部可以为设于固定结构上的导磁片107，第二磁吸部可以为设于活动部200上的磁铁2011。导磁片107和磁铁2011通过磁吸力相互吸紧，以实现固定部100和活动部200的锁止。
其中，如图9(a)所示，活动部200上的磁铁2011的位置可以为设于上述活动部200的第二卡位结构201的壳体内部。可实施的，该活动部200上用于产生磁吸力的磁铁2011与上述与驱动线圈进行电磁感应的磁铁2011可以为同一磁铁2011。此种设置方式能够有效减少可变光圈结 构10中零部件的数量，降低可变光圈结构10的装配难度，提高可变光圈结构10的装配效率，同时还能够减小可变光圈结构10的占用空间。
固定部100上的导磁片107可以有多种设置方式，如下所述：
在一些实施例中，如图9(a)所示，固定部100上的导磁片107的上表面可以与活动部200上的磁铁2011的底面2011A平行设置。其中，导磁片107设于固定部100的底座101的底面。
在一些实施例中，导磁片107设于固定部100的底座101的底面的方式可以为导磁片107的上表面与底座101的底面贴合连接。可实施的，底座101的底面设有能够容纳导磁片107的容纳槽，导磁片107位于所述容纳槽内并与底座101的底面贴合连接。可实施的，导磁片107的上表面也可以与底座101的底面通过粘接的方式贴合连接，通过粘接的方式能够有效减少可变光圈结构10的零部件，减小可变光圈结构10的占用空间。
图10(a)示出了第一锁止部和第二锁止部分别在活动部200和固定部100上的位置示意图，图10(b)示出了第一锁止部和第二锁止部的相对位置示意图，在另一些实施例中，如图10(a)和(b)所示，导磁片107的设置位置可以为贴设于固定部100上第一卡位结构103上，即固定部100上的导磁片107的表面与活动部200上的磁铁2011的侧面2011B平行设置。
具体的，第一卡位结构103可以设置有开口朝向容纳槽(开口方向，位置是否需要简要介绍)，导磁片107卡设于容纳槽内。可实施的，导磁片107可以粘接于第一卡位结构103的侧面。
下面对本申请实施例实施例中的叶片301的结构进行介绍：
本申请的一些实施例中，如图11(a)所示，叶片301的槽型通孔302可以设置为直线型槽孔。
为了减小驱动部的启动力，在本申请一些实施例中，如图11(b)所示，槽型通孔302为弯折型槽孔。具体的，弯折型槽孔302包括第一弯折段3021和第二弯折段3022，其中，第二弯折段的弯折方向与所述活动部解锁后带动第二定位柱202在设定角度内的转动轨迹一致。
可以理解，本申请实施例中，第一弯折段3021和第二弯折段3022可以为具有一定夹角的两段槽型通孔。第二弯折段3022的弯折方向可以指第二弯折段3022的主延伸方向，例如，可以为槽型通孔的通孔的延伸方向。
其中，将所述第二弯折段3022的弯折方向与所述活动部解锁后带动第二定位柱202在设定角度内的转动方向一致，可以使得驱动部在刚开始运动时带动活动部在第二弯折段3022运动时，是沿着第二弯折段3022的通孔延伸方向朝向第一弯折段3021运动，即使得活动部开始运动时的运动轨迹与第二弯折段3022的通孔的延伸方向一致，因此，驱动部此时只需提供克服锁止结构对应的锁止力(例如磁吸力或者预紧力)，并不需提供带动叶片转动的力，因此能够使得驱动部的启动力大大减小，使得驱动部的启动电流大大减小，有助于增加驱动部的寿命。
可以理解，上述设定角度及第二弯折段3022的尺寸及与锁止结构的锁止力的大小相关，例如，锁止结构的锁止力为磁吸力，当活动部旋转5度时，可以完全克服磁吸力，则可将设定角度设置为5度，第二弯折段3022的尺寸活动部旋转5度时在第二定位柱在槽型通孔移动的距离。其中，该尺寸范围可以用长度范围定义。
其中，采用该弯折型槽孔的设计方案能够使得驱动部的启动力减小的原理结合图12(a)和12(b)进行说明。
如图12(a)所示，在活动部200与固定部100处于锁止状态时，活动部200上的第二定位柱202处于第二弯折段3022的未与第一弯折段3012连接的一端，当驱动部带动活动部200上的 第二定位柱202在第二弯折段3022内运动时，由于第二弯折段3022的弯折方向与所述活动部解锁后带动第二定位柱202在设定角度内的转动方向一致，因此第二定位柱202在第二弯折段3022内运动时，叶片301并不会转动，所以叶片301形成的进光孔径的尺寸不变。即驱动部在刚开始运动时只需提供克服锁止结构对应的锁止力，并不需提供带动叶片301转动的力。其中，锁止力为上述的预紧力、摩擦力及磁吸力等。
反之，若第二弯折段3022的弯折方向与所述活动部解锁后带动第二定位柱202在初始转动时转动轨迹不一致，则第二定位柱202将会带动叶片301转动，使得驱动部在开始驱动活动部运动时则不仅提供克服锁止结构对应的锁止力，还需提供带动叶片301转动的力，使得驱动部的启动力太大。综上，采用弯折型槽孔能够使驱动部的启动力大大减小，使得驱动部的启动电流大大减小，有助于增加驱动部的寿命。
如图12中(b)图所示，当驱动部带动活动部200继续转动至活动部200上的第二定位柱202在第一弯折段3021内运动时，第二定位柱202带动叶片301开始朝向进光孔径的圆心的方向逐渐转动，进而使得叶片301形成的进光孔径逐渐减小，此时驱动部在第一弯折段3021内已经不需要克服上述锁紧力，只需提供驱动叶片转动的力。
图13为可变光圈结构10的上盖400的结构示意图，如图13所示，上盖400中间设有开孔401，其开孔401可以避免阻挡光线进入叶片组件300所形成的进光孔径，为了避免对活动部200的运动产生干涉，其上也设有与叶片301的圆孔303对应的第一避让孔402及与叶片301的槽型通孔302对应的第二避让孔403。其中，上盖400固定于固定部100上，上盖400与固定部100形成一夹层空间。叶片组件300在此夹层空间进行运动，并由于有上盖400的止挡，能够避免有效叶片301脱离问题的发生。
本申请实施例中，固定部100还设置有位置检测装置。位置检测装置设于固定部100的柔性印刷电路板105上，位置检测装置用于检测活动部200的位置，以通过检测的位置确定活动部200是否处于与固定部100进行锁止的位置。避免出现活动部200与固定部100未进行锁止的情况出现。在一些实施例中，位置检测装置可以为驱动芯片。驱动芯片可以通过检测活动件上的磁铁2011所产生的磁场，根据磁场的变化进行活动部200位置的反馈，确认活动部200当前所在的位置。若活动部200未处于锁止位置，则驱动芯片控制驱动部进行重新驱动，直至将活动部200驱动至设定的锁止位置，保证活动部200与固定部100进行锁止。
本申请实施例中，位置检测装置与驱动线圈均可以设于固定部100的柔性印刷电路板105上。固定部100的底座101、进光孔柱102及第一卡位结构103的外壳可以为塑料件，塑料件内部注塑有金属，例如，铁、铜等。塑料件内部的金属通过焊接的方式与柔性印刷电路板105的脚位进行导通。
本申请实施例提供一种摄像模组，包括上述任意一种可变光圈结构10。
在上述摄像模组的基础上，本申请还提供一种电子设备，可以包括上述可变光圈结构10或上述摄像模组。其中，电子设备可以具体为手机、平板电脑、车载监控等，也可以为单反摄像机等摄像专用设备，上述摄像模组可以安装于电子设备的本体上，以实现这些电子设备的摄像功能。以电子设备为手机为例，手机具有手机壳体，上述摄像模组可以安装于手机壳体的背面，作为手机的后视摄像结构，用于实现后视摄像功能；可实施的，上述摄像模组可以安装于手机壳体的正面，作为手机的前置摄像结构，用于实现前视摄像功能。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请实施例的 范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种可变光圈结构，其特征在于，包括：固定部(100)、活动部(200)、驱动部、叶片组件(300)和锁止结构；
    所述活动部(200)套合于所述固定部(100)上；
    所述叶片组件(300)设置于所述活动部(200)上，所述叶片组件(300)用于形成供光线通过的进光孔；
    所述驱动部用于驱动所述活动部(200)相对于所述固定部(100)进行旋转，所述活动部(200)旋转能够带动所述叶片组件(300)旋转以调整所述进光孔的尺寸；
    所述锁止结构用于当所述活动部(200)旋转到设定位置时，将所述活动部(200)锁止在所述固定部(100)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述固定部(100)上设有至少一个第一卡位结构(103)，所述活动部(200)上设有至少一个第二卡位结构(201)；所述至少一个第一卡位结构(103)和所述至少一个第二卡位结构(201)配合以限定所述活动部(200)的转动范围；
    所述锁止结构包括第一锁止部和第二锁止部；所述第一锁止部和所述第二锁止部配合锁止；
    所述第一锁止部设于所述第一卡位结构(103)上，所述第二锁止部设于所述第二卡位结构(201)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述第一锁止部为设于所述第一卡位结构(103)上的凹陷结构(1031)，所述第二锁止部为设于所述第二卡位结构(201)上的凸起结构(2013)，所述凸起结构(2013)与所述凹陷结构(1031)配合卡接；
    或，
    所述第一锁止部为设于所述第一卡位结构(103)上的凸起结构(2013)，所述第二锁止部为设于所述第二卡位结构(201)上的凹陷结构(1031)，所述凸起结构(2013)与所述凹陷结构(1031)配合卡接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述凸起结构(2013)包括卡接段(2014)和过渡段(2015)；所述过渡段(2015)的尺寸相对于所述卡接段(2014)的尺寸渐缩。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述过渡段(2015)的尺寸相对于所述卡接段(2014)的尺寸渐缩的形式为直线型渐缩或弧形渐缩。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述凹陷结构(1031)的内表面上设有第一摩擦部；和/或；所述凸起结构(2013)的外表面设有第二摩擦部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述第一摩擦部为设于所述凹陷结构(1031)的内表面的凹凸不平的结构；
    所述第二摩擦部为设于所述凸起结构(2013)的外表面的凹凸不平的结构。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7任一项所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述第一锁止部为设于所述固定部(100)上的第一磁吸部，所述第二锁止部为设于所述活动部(200)上的第二磁吸部；
    所述固定部(100)和所述活动部(200)通过所述第一磁吸部和所述第二磁吸部之间的磁吸力进行锁止。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述第一磁吸部设于所述固定部(100)的底面或所述第一卡位结构(103)的侧面；
    所述第二卡位结构(201)设有第一容纳壳体(2012)，所述第二磁吸部设于所述第一容纳壳体(2012)内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述第一磁吸部与所述固定部(100)的底面粘接；
    或；所述固定部(100)的底面设有第二容纳壳体，所述第一磁吸部设于所述第二容纳壳体内；
    或；所述第一磁吸部贴设于所述第一卡位结构(103)的侧面；
    或；所述第一卡位结构(103)上设有容纳槽，所述第一磁吸部嵌设于所述容纳槽内。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述第一磁吸部为导磁片，所述第二磁吸部为磁铁(2011)。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述叶片组件(300)包括至少两个叶片(301)，每个所述叶片(301)上均设有圆孔(303)和槽型通孔(302)；
    所述固定部(100)上设有环形分布的至少两个第一定位柱(104)，所述至少两个第一定位柱(104)与所述叶片组件(300)中的至少两个叶片(301)一一对应设置；
    所述活动部(200)上设有环形分布的至少两个第二定位柱(202)，所述至少两个第二定位柱(202)与所述叶片组件(300)中的至少两个叶片(301)一一对应设置；
    每个所述第一定位柱(104)与对应的所述叶片(301)上的所述圆孔(303)铰接，每个所述第二定位柱(202)穿设于对应的所述叶片(301)上的所述槽型通孔(302)内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述槽型通孔(302)包括弯折连接的第一弯折段(3021)和第二弯折段(3022)；
    所述活动部(200)与所述固定部(100)锁止时，所述第二定位柱(202)
    位于所述第二弯折段(3022)的未与所述第一弯折段(3021)连接的一端；
    所述第二弯折段(3022)的弯折方向与所述活动部(200)解锁后带动所述第二定位柱(202)在设定角度内的转动轨迹一致；
    所述设定角度与所述锁止结构的锁紧力相关。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于所述驱动部包括驱动线圈和磁铁(2011)；
    所述驱动线圈设于所述固定部(100)上，所述磁铁(2011)设于所述活动部(200)上；
    或；
    所述驱动线圈设于所述活动部(200)上，所述磁铁(2011)设于所述固定部(100)上。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的可变光圈结构，其特征在于，所述设定位置为使得所述进光孔的尺寸最大时的位置。
  16. 一种摄像模组，其特征在于，包括摄像马达、镜头(30)和权利要求1-15
    任一项所述可变光圈结构(10)；
    所述摄像马达包括固定座(21)、载座(22)以及驱动器；
    所述驱动器用于驱动所述载座(22)相对所述固定座(21)沿设定方向移动；
    所述载座(22)沿所述设定方向形成有安装孔，所述镜头固定于所述安装孔内，所述设定方向与所述镜头(30)的光轴平行；
    所述可变光圈结构(10)固定于所述载座(22)上且位于所述镜头(30)的入光侧。
  17. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括壳体和权利要求16所述摄像模组，所述摄像模组固定 于所述壳体中。
PCT/CN2022/107231 2021-07-30 2022-07-22 一种可变光圈结构、摄像模组及电子设备 WO2023005812A1 (zh)

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