WO2023005539A1 - 发动机 - Google Patents

发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005539A1
WO2023005539A1 PCT/CN2022/101269 CN2022101269W WO2023005539A1 WO 2023005539 A1 WO2023005539 A1 WO 2023005539A1 CN 2022101269 W CN2022101269 W CN 2022101269W WO 2023005539 A1 WO2023005539 A1 WO 2023005539A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
passage
oil passage
cylinder
camshaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/101269
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
倪伟
庞淑娟
姜维
Original Assignee
奇瑞汽车股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023005539A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005539A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/06—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/10—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/06—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores
    • F01M2001/062—Crankshaft with passageways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/06—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of crankshafts or connecting rods with lubricant passageways, e.g. bores
    • F01M2001/064—Camshaft with passageways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
    • F01M2011/023—Arrangements of lubricant conduits between oil sump and cylinder head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
    • F01M2011/028—Arrangements of lubricant conduits for lubricating balance shafts

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of automobiles, in particular to an engine.
  • the engine is equipped with a lubrication system whose main function is to deliver lubricating oil to various required parts of the engine for lubrication.
  • the lubrication system of a V-type engine generally includes an oil pump and an external oil pipe.
  • the oil pump pumps the lubricating oil into the external oil pipe, and the lubricating oil is introduced into the parts required to be lubricated in the engine through the external oil pipe.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides an engine, which can reduce the cost of the engine, and at the same time make the arrangement of the oil passage not occupy the volume of the engine. Described technical scheme is as follows:
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an engine, and the engine includes a cylinder block, a crankshaft, two cylinder heads, multiple camshafts, and a lubrication system;
  • crankshaft is rotatably inserted into the cylinder
  • the two cylinder head covers are on the top of the cylinder body and are spaced apart from each other;
  • a part of the camshaft is rotatably inserted into one of the two cylinder heads, and another part of the camshaft is rotatably inserted into the other of the two cylinder heads. arranged parallel to the crankshaft;
  • the lubrication system includes an oil pump and a main oil passage, the oil pump is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder block, the first part of the main oil passage is located in the side wall of the cylinder block, and the main oil passage
  • the first end of the first part of the main oil passage is connected to the oil outlet of the oil pump, the second end of the first part of the main oil passage is used to deliver lubricating oil to the crankshaft, and the second part of the main oil passage and
  • the third part is connected with the first part of the main oil passage, the second part and the third part of the main oil passage are respectively located in the side walls of the two cylinder heads, and the second part of the main oil passage and the third part are respectively used for lubricating the camshaft in the corresponding cylinder head.
  • the main oil passage includes an oil inlet passage, a crankshaft oil passage, two connecting oil passages and two sets of camshaft oil passages;
  • the oil inlet passage is located in the side wall of the cylinder block, and the first end of the oil inlet passage is connected with the oil outlet of the oil pump;
  • crankshaft oil passage is located in the side wall of the cylinder block, and the extension direction of the crankshaft oil passage is the same as the axial direction of the crankshaft, and the crankshaft oil passage is connected to the second end of the oil inlet passage;
  • the connecting oil passages correspond to the cylinder heads one by one, and the connecting oil passages are respectively located in the side wall of the cylinder body and the corresponding side wall of the cylinder head, and the connecting oil passages are located in the cylinder head.
  • the part inside the side wall of the body is connected with the oil inlet passage;
  • the camshaft oil passages are in one-to-one correspondence with the cylinder heads, and each of the camshaft oil passages is located in the side wall of the corresponding cylinder head, and the camshaft oil passages are connected with the corresponding connecting oil passages , the extending direction of the camshaft oil passage is the same as the extending direction of the crankshaft oil passage.
  • the connecting oil passage includes a first connecting section and a second connecting section
  • the first connection section is respectively located in the side wall of the cylinder block and the corresponding side wall of the cylinder head, and the second connection section is located in the corresponding side wall of the cylinder head;
  • the first ends of the two first connecting sections are connected to the oil inlet passage, the two first connecting sections are inclined to each other, and the angle between the two first connecting sections is the same as that of the two first connecting sections.
  • the included angles of the two cylinder heads in the direction perpendicular to the plane where they are located are the same;
  • the first end of the second connection section is connected with the second end of the first connection section, and the second end of the second connection section is connected with the corresponding camshaft oil passage.
  • the included angle between the two first connecting sections is 60°-90°.
  • the connecting oil passage includes a first connecting section and a second connecting section
  • the first end of the first connecting section is connected to the oil inlet passage, and the angle between the two first connecting sections is the same as the angle between the two cylinder heads;
  • the first end of the second connection section is connected with the second end of the first connection section, and the second end of the second connection section is connected with each set of corresponding camshaft oil passages.
  • the diameter of the connecting oil passage is smaller than the diameter of the oil inlet passage.
  • the engine further includes a machine filter module
  • the machine filter module is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder;
  • the oil inlet passage includes a first oil inlet passage and a second oil inlet passage, the first end of the first oil inlet passage is connected with the oil outlet of the oil pump, and the second oil inlet passage of the first oil inlet passage The end is connected with the oil inlet of the machine filter module;
  • the first end of the second oil inlet passage is connected with the oil outlet of the machine filter module, and the second end of the second oil inlet passage is connected with the crankshaft oil passage and the connecting oil passage.
  • the machine filter module includes a filter body and an oil switch
  • the oil switch is connected to the outer wall of the filter body, and the sensing end of the oil switch is located at the oil outlet of the machine filter module.
  • the engine further includes a balance shaft lubricating chamber, and the balance shaft lubricating chamber is located in the cylinder;
  • the main oil passage also includes a balance shaft oil passage
  • the balance shaft oil passage is located in the side wall of the cylinder block, the extension direction of the balance shaft oil passage is the same as that of the crankshaft oil passage, and the first end of the balance shaft oil passage is connected to the crankshaft oil passage.
  • the oil outlet of the filter module is connected, and the second end of the balance shaft oil passage is connected with the balance shaft lubricating chamber.
  • the engine further includes a lubricating cavity of a tensioner, and the lubricating cavity of the tensioner is located in the cylinder;
  • the main oil passage also includes a tensioner oil passage, the tensioner oil passage is located in the side wall of the cylinder body, the first end of the tensioner oil passage is connected to the oil outlet of the machine filter module The port is connected, and the second end of the oil passage of the tensioner is connected with the lubricating chamber of the tensioner.
  • the engine further includes an oil pan and a collector
  • the oil pan is connected to the bottom of the cylinder;
  • the collector is connected with the outer wall of the oil pump, the oil inlet of the collector is connected with the oil pan, and the oil outlet of the collector is connected with the oil inlet of the oil pump.
  • lubricating oil enters the oil pump through the oil inlet of the oil pump, and the oil pump outputs the lubricating oil to the main oil passage through the oil outlet of the oil pump, and then the lubricating oil passes through the main oil passage to the main oil passage.
  • Crankshaft and camshaft are lubricated and cooled.
  • the first part of the main oil passage is located in the side wall of the cylinder block, the second part of the main oil passage is located in the side wall of one of the cylinder heads, and the third part of the main oil passage is located in the side wall of the other cylinder head, Therefore, the use of external oil pipes to transport the lubricating oil can be avoided, which greatly reduces the cost. Moreover, since the arrangement of the oil passage does not occupy the volume of the engine, the overall structure of the engine is more compact, thereby reducing the volume of the entire engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder head provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lubrication system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil pan provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Lubrication system 51. Oil pump; 52. Main oil passage; 521. Oil inlet passage; 5211. First oil inlet passage; 5212. Second oil inlet passage;
  • Machine filter module 61. Filter body; 62. Oil switch;
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder block provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder head provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the engine includes a cylinder block 1, a crankshaft 2, and two cylinder heads 3. Multiple camshafts 4 and lubrication system 5.
  • the crankshaft 2 is rotatably inserted into the cylinder body 1 .
  • Two cylinder heads 3 cover the top of the cylinder block 1 and are spaced apart from each other.
  • a part of the camshaft 4 is rotatably inserted into one of the two cylinder heads 3, and another part of the camshaft 4 is rotatably inserted into the other of the two cylinder heads 3.
  • the camshaft 4 and the crankshaft 2 are parallel to each other. layout.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the lubricating system provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the lubricating system 5 includes an oil pump 51 and a main oil passage 52.
  • the first part of the first part is located in the side wall of the cylinder block 1, and the first end of the first part of the main oil passage 52 is connected with the oil outlet of the oil pump 51, and the second end is used to deliver lubricating oil to the crankshaft 2.
  • the main oil passage 52 The second part and the third part of the main oil passage 52 are connected to the first part, the second part and the third part of the main oil passage 52 are respectively located in the side walls of the two cylinder heads 3, and the second part of the main oil passage 52 The first part and the third part are respectively used to lubricate the camshaft 4 inside the corresponding cylinder head 3 .
  • lubricating oil enters the oil pump 51 through the oil inlet of the oil pump 51, and the oil pump 51 outputs the lubricating oil to the main oil passage 52 through the oil outlet of the oil pump 51, and the lubricating oil Then the crankshaft 2 and the camshaft 4 are lubricated and cooled through the main oil passage 52 .
  • the first part of the main oil passage 52 is located in the side wall of the cylinder block 1
  • the second part of the main oil passage 52 is located in the side wall of one of the cylinder heads 3
  • the third part of the main oil passage 52 is located in the other cylinder head. 3
  • being located in the side wall of the cylinder head 3 refers to being embedded in the side wall of the cylinder head 3 , rather than being located inside the side wall of the cylinder head 3 .
  • the engine is a V-type engine, wherein two cylinder heads 3 are located on top of the cylinder block 1 in a V-shaped structure.
  • the length of the V-type engine is greatly shortened, which can significantly reduce the length of the engine compartment, so that the saved space can be used to increase the length of the passenger compartment and facilitate the layout of the front compartment.
  • the engine may also be of other types, such as a W-type engine, an in-line engine, and the like.
  • the type of engine changes, the number of cylinder heads, the number of camshafts, etc. should be changed accordingly.
  • the main oil passage 52 includes an oil inlet passage 521 , a crankshaft oil passage 522 , two connecting oil passages 523 and two sets of camshaft oil passages 524 .
  • the oil inlet passage 521 is located in the side wall of the cylinder body 1 , and the first end of the oil inlet passage 521 is connected with the oil outlet of the oil pump 51 .
  • the crankshaft oil passage 522 is located in the side wall of the cylinder block 1 , and the extension direction of the crankshaft oil passage 522 is the same as the axial direction of the crankshaft 2 , and the crankshaft oil passage 522 is connected with the second end of the oil inlet passage 521 .
  • the connecting oil passage 523 corresponds to the cylinder head 3 one by one, and the first part of the connecting oil passage 523 is located in the side wall of the cylinder body 1, and the end is connected with the oil inlet passage 521, and the second part of the connecting oil passage 523 is located in the corresponding cylinder. Inside the side wall of the cover 3 , and the end is connected with the first part of the connecting oil channel 523 .
  • the camshaft oil passages 524 are in one-to-one correspondence with the cylinder head 3, and each camshaft oil passage 524 is located in the side wall of the corresponding cylinder head 3, the camshaft oil passage 524 is connected with the corresponding connecting oil passage 523, and the camshaft oil passage 524 The extending direction of is the same as that of the crankshaft oil passage 522 .
  • the oil inlet passage 521 is used to transport the lubricating oil from the oil pump 51 to the crankshaft oil passage 522 and the connecting oil passage 523, and then through the crankshaft oil passage 522, the lubricating oil is delivered to the lubricating chamber where the crankshaft 2 is located.
  • the lubricating oil is delivered to the camshaft oil passage 524 through the connecting oil passage 523, so that the lubricating oil is delivered to the lubricating chamber where the camshaft 4 is located through the camshaft oil passage 524.
  • the connecting oil channel 523 includes a first connecting section 5231 and a second connecting section 5232 .
  • the first part of the first connection section 5231 is located in the side wall of the cylinder body 1
  • the second part of the first connection section 5231 is located in the side wall of the corresponding cylinder head 3
  • the second connection section 5232 is located in the side wall of the corresponding cylinder head 3. inside the side walls.
  • the first ends of the two first connecting sections 5231 are connected to the oil inlet passage 521, the two first connecting sections 5231 are inclined to each other, and the angle ⁇ between the two first connecting sections 5231 is the same as that of the two cylinder heads. 3 have the same included angle in the direction perpendicular to the plane in which they are located.
  • the length direction of the cylinder head 3 is the same as the length direction of the crankshaft oil passage 522, and the direction perpendicular to the plane of the cylinder head 3 is the direction extending toward the bottom of the cylinder block 1, which is perpendicular to the length of the cylinder head 3. direction.
  • the included angle ⁇ between the two first connecting sections 5231 is the same as the included angle in the width direction of the two cylinder heads 3 .
  • the first end of the second connection section 5232 is connected with the second end of the first connection section 5231 , and the second end of the second connection section 5232 is connected with the corresponding camshaft oil passage 524 .
  • the first connecting section 5231 is used to deliver lubricating oil to the second connecting section 5232 , so that the lubricating oil can enter the camshaft oil passage 524 through the second connecting section 5232 .
  • the angle between the extension lines of the two first connecting sections 5231 is the same as the angle between the two cylinder heads 3 , so that when the two first connecting sections 5231 are connected with the corresponding camshaft oil passages 524, the length of the first connecting sections 5231 can be reduced as much as possible, so as to reduce the design cost of the connecting oil passages 523, and at the same time reduce the engine
  • the length of the nacelle makes the center of gravity of the engine relatively low, and the engine is relatively stable.
  • the included angle between the two first connecting sections 5231 is 60°-90°, of course, the included angle between the two cylinder heads 3 is also 60°-90°.
  • the diameter of the connecting oil passage 523 is smaller than the diameter of the oil inlet passage 521 .
  • Reducing the diameter of the connecting oil passage 523 can reduce the volume of the connecting oil passage 523, thereby reducing the volume occupied by the connecting oil passage 523 in the cylinder head 3, so that the cylinder head 3 can be made smaller, and finally the entire The volume of the engine.
  • the diameter of the connecting oil passage 523 is smaller than the diameter of the oil inlet passage 521, which can also increase the oil pressure of the lubricating oil entering the connecting oil passage 523 due to the smaller flow diameter, thereby ensuring that the lubricating oil can quickly flow to the Various parts of the camshaft 4 are lubricated in the camshaft oil passage 524 .
  • the side wall of the crankshaft oil passage 522 has a plurality of crankshaft oil outlet pipes 5221 connected to the inner cavity of the crankshaft oil passage 522 , and the lubricating oil in the crankshaft oil passage 522 enters the crankshaft 2 through the crankshaft oil outlet pipes 5221
  • the crankshaft 2 is lubricated in the lubricating chamber where it is located.
  • crankshaft oil outlet pipes 5221 are evenly spaced on the side wall of the crankshaft oil passage 522, so that lubricating oil can evenly enter the lubricating chamber where the same crankshaft 2 is located.
  • crankshaft oil outlet pipe 5221 is connected with an annular crankshaft diameter 5222 , and each of the crankshaft diameters 5222 has a flow hole for lubricating oil to flow.
  • the crankshaft shaft diameter 5222 delivers lubricating oil to the outer wall of the crankshaft 2.
  • the main journal of the crankshaft 2 is lubricated through the flow hole in the crankshaft shaft diameter 5222, reducing the amount of contact between the crankshaft 2 and the socket outside the crankshaft. The friction force between the bearing pads.
  • each cylinder head 3 is provided with two camshafts 4, one camshaft 4 is called the intake side camshaft, and the other camshaft is called the exhaust side camshaft.
  • each set of camshaft oil passages 524 includes intake-side camshaft oil passages 5241 and exhaust-side camshaft oil passages 5242 .
  • the camshaft oil passage 5241 on the intake side and the camshaft oil passage 5242 on the exhaust side are arranged parallel to each other. same direction.
  • the intake-side camshaft oil passage 5241 and the exhaust-side camshaft oil passage 5242 are respectively connected to both ends of the second connecting section 5232 in the connecting oil passage 523 .
  • Camshaft 4 rotates smoothly in engine, just can guarantee the normal operation of engine.
  • the lubricating oil is delivered to the camshaft on the intake side through the camshaft oil passage 5241 on the intake side, and the lubricating oil is delivered to the camshaft on the exhaust side through the camshaft oil passage 5242 on the exhaust side, so that the two camshafts 4 can rotate smoothly at the same time .
  • camshaft oil passage 5241 on the intake side and the camshaft oil passage 5242 on the exhaust side have the same structure, and here only briefly introduces the specific structure of the camshaft oil passage 5241 on the intake side.
  • the side wall of the intake-side camshaft oil passage 5241 has a plurality of intake-side camshaft oil outlet pipes 52411 connected to the inner cavity of the intake-side camshaft oil passage 5241, and the intake-side camshaft oil passage 5241
  • the lubricating oil enters the lubricating chamber where the intake side camshaft is located through the intake side camshaft oil outlet pipe 52411 to lubricate the intake side camshaft.
  • a plurality of intake-side camshaft oil outlet pipes 52411 are evenly spaced on the side wall of the intake-side camshaft oil passage 5241, so that lubricating oil can evenly enter the lubricating chamber where the intake-side camshaft is located middle.
  • the camshaft oil outlet pipe 52411 on the intake side is connected with an arc-shaped camshaft oil outlet plate 52412 on the intake side, and the camshaft oil outlet plate 52412 on the intake side can deliver lubricating oil to the side wall of the camshaft on the intake side. This reduces the frictional force between the intake-side camshaft and the cylinder head 3 during rotation of the intake-side camshaft.
  • any camshaft-connected oil passage 5243 has a camshaft bearing diameter 52431 connected to the inner cavity of the camshaft-connected oil passage 5243 on the side wall, and the camshaft bearing diameter 52431 has a through hole for lubricating oil to flow.
  • Camshaft bearing diameter 52431 delivers lubricating oil to the bearings of the camshaft. In this way, the friction force between the bearing of the camshaft and the camshaft can be reduced during the rotation of the camshaft.
  • the engine further includes a bearing cover connected to the top of the cylinder head.
  • a bearing is arranged between the bearing cap and the cylinder head, and the bearing is sleeved on the camshaft.
  • a camshaft phaser is provided on the bearing cover.
  • An OCV valve Oil control valve, throttle control valve
  • Each set of camshaft oil passages 524 also includes a camshaft-connected oil passage 5243, the first end of the camshaft-connected oil passage 5243 is connected with the second connecting section 5232, and the second end of the camshaft-connected oil passage 5243 is connected with the oil inlet of the OCV valve. In this way, the oil passages of different oil chambers inside the camshaft phaser can be controlled through the OCV valve.
  • the engine further includes a machine filter module 6 .
  • the machine filter module 6 is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder body 1 .
  • the oil inlet passage 521 includes a first oil inlet passage 5211 and a second oil inlet passage 5212, the first end of the first oil inlet passage 5211 is connected with the oil outlet of the oil pump 51, and the second end of the first oil inlet passage 5211 is connected with the The oil inlets of the machine filter module 6 are connected to each other.
  • the first end of the second oil inlet passage 5212 is connected with the oil outlet of the machine filter module 6
  • the second end of the second oil inlet passage 5212 is connected with the crankshaft oil passage 522 and the connecting oil passage 523 .
  • the first oil inlet passage 5211 is used to transport lubricating oil into the machine filter module 6, so as to clean and cool the lubricating oil through the machine filter module 6, and the second oil inlet passage 5212 is used to treat the lubricating oil after the machine filter module 6 Lubricating oil is delivered to the crankshaft oil passage 522 and the connecting oil passage 523 .
  • the engine filter module 6 is a component formed by integrating the oil cooler and the oil filter.
  • the engine lubricant provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure directly integrates the oil cooler and the oil filter, which not only effectively reduces the It reduces the cost of the engine and makes the arrangement of the engine more compact.
  • the machine filter module 6 includes a filter body 61 and an oil switch 62 .
  • the filter body 61 is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder 1 .
  • the oil switch 62 is connected to the outer wall of the filter body 61 , and the sensing end of the oil switch 62 is located at the oil outlet of the machine filter module 6 .
  • the filter body 61 is used to filter and cool lubricating oil. When the lubricating oil flows, the oil pressure will decrease. When the lubricating oil just flows out from the oil outlet of the filter body 61, it must have a certain oil pressure, that is, the oil pressure here is the highest.
  • the oil pressure at the oil outlet of the filter body 61 is monitored to ensure the normal operation of the entire engine lubrication system.
  • the oil switch 62 detects that the oil pressure at the oil outlet of the filter body 61 is 0 or lower than the minimum value of the actual demand, which is generally set according to the actual working conditions, the oil switch 62 automatically sends out an alarm to prompt the staff.
  • the oil pressure at the oil outlet of the filter body 61 is fed back to the oil pump 51 in the form of an electric signal, and the oil pump 51 receives the electric signal, and controls the oil output of the oil pump 51 again according to the oil pressure indicated by the electric signal.
  • the oil pump 51 receives the electric signal, and controls the oil output of the oil pump 51 again according to the oil pressure indicated by the electric signal.
  • the engine further includes a balance shaft lubricating chamber 7 , and the balance shaft lubricating chamber 7 is located in the cylinder body 1 .
  • the main oil gallery 52 also includes a balance shaft oil gallery 525 .
  • the balance shaft oil passage 525 is located in the side wall of the cylinder block 1.
  • the extension direction of the balance shaft oil passage 525 is the same as that of the crankshaft oil passage 522.
  • the first end of the balance shaft oil passage 525 is connected to the oil outlet of the machine filter module 6.
  • the second end of the balance shaft oil passage 525 is connected with the balance shaft lubricating chamber 7 .
  • the balance shaft oil passage 525 is used to deliver lubricating oil to the balance shaft lubricating chamber 7 so as to lubricate the balance shaft. Because the lubricating oil of the balance shaft oil passage 525 is taken from the lubricating oil filtered by the machine filter module 6, the cleanliness of the engine lubricating oil can be guaranteed, and the shaft diameter of the balance shaft can be prevented from being pulled by foreign matter.
  • an O-ring is added before the balance shaft oil passage 525 and the oil outlet of the machine filter module 6 for sealing connection.
  • the engine further includes a lubricating chamber 8 of a tensioner, and the lubricating chamber 8 of the tensioner is located in the cylinder body 1 .
  • the main oil passage 52 also includes a tensioner oil passage 526.
  • the tensioner oil passage 526 is located in the side wall of the cylinder body 1.
  • the first end of the tensioner oil passage 526 is connected to the oil outlet of the machine filter module 6.
  • the second end of the tensioner oil channel 526 is connected with the lubricating cavity 8 of the tensioner.
  • the tensioner oil channel 526 is used to deliver lubricating oil into the tensioner lubricating cavity 8 so as to lubricate the tensioner. Since the lubricating oil in the tensioner oil channel 526 is filtered by the machine filter module 6, the lubricating oil entering the tensioner is clean, preventing sundries from damaging and straining the tensioner.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil pan provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the engine further includes an oil pan 9 and a collector 10 .
  • the oil pan 9 is connected to the bottom of the cylinder block 1 .
  • the collector 10 is connected with the outer wall of the oil pump 51 , the oil inlet of the collector 10 is connected with the oil pan 9 , and the oil outlet of the collector 10 is connected with the oil inlet of the oil pump 51 .
  • a collector 10 is used for lubricating oil in the oil sump 9 .
  • the collector 10 is connected to the oil inlet of the oil pump 51, so that the oil pump 51 can output the lubricating oil in the oil pan 9 for lubrication again, so that the engine lubricating system forms a circulation system.
  • the collector 10 is integrated on the oil pump 51, which reduces the volume of the engine.
  • the above-mentioned oil passages are opened in the side walls of the cylinder block 1 and the cylinder head 3 by casting.
  • the above-mentioned oil passages are processed by casting, which can make the design of the oil passage more flexible and reduce the cost of processing the oil passage on the other hand.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种发动机，属于汽车领域。发动机包括缸体、曲轴、两个缸盖、多个凸轮轴和润滑系统；曲轴可转动地插接在缸体内；两个缸盖罩盖在缸体的顶部，且相互间隔；一部分凸轮轴可转动地插接在两个缸盖中的一个内，另一部分凸轮轴可转动地插接在两个缸盖中的另一个内，凸轮轴与曲轴相互平行布置；润滑系统包括机油泵和主油道，机油泵与缸体的外侧壁连接，主油道的第一部分位于缸体的侧壁内，主油道的第二部分位于其中一个缸盖的侧壁内，主油道的第三部分位于另一个缸盖的侧壁内。本公开通过发动机润滑系统，可以降低成发动机润滑系统的成本，同时又能够使得油道的布置不占用发动机的体积。

Description

发动机
本公开要求于2021年7月28日提交的申请号为202110858329.1、发明名称为“发动机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及汽车领域，特别涉及一种发动机。
背景技术
发动机中配置有润滑系统，其主要作用是将润滑油输送到发动机的各个所需部位以进行润滑。
相关技术中，V型发动机的润滑系统一般包括机油泵和外接油管，机油泵将润滑油泵送至外接油管内，通过外接油管将润滑油引入到发动机内所需润滑的部位。
然而，由于发动机外部结构往往比较复杂，所以固定和安装外接油管的成本也会比较高，而且还受发动机本身的空间限制，导致外接油管布置困难。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供了一种发动机，可以降低成发动机的成本，同时又能够使得油道的布置不占用发动机的体积。所述技术方案如下：
本公开实施例提供了一种发动机，所述发动机包括缸体、曲轴、两个缸盖、多个凸轮轴和润滑系统；
所述曲轴可转动地插接在所述缸体内；
两个所述缸盖罩盖在所述缸体的顶部，且相互间隔；
一部分所述凸轮轴可转动地插接在两个所述缸盖中的一个内，另一部分所述凸轮轴可转动地插接在两个所述缸盖中的另一个内，所述凸轮轴与所述曲轴相互平行布置；
所述润滑系统包括机油泵和主油道，所述机油泵与所述缸体的外侧壁相连，所述主油道的第一部分位于所述缸体的侧壁内，且所述主油道的第一部分的第一端与所述机油泵的出油口相连，所述主油道的第一部分的第二端用于向所述曲轴输送润滑油，所述主油道的第二部分和第三部分均与所述主油道的第一部分相连，所述主油道的第二部分和第三部分分别位于两个所述缸盖的侧壁内，所述主油道的第二部分和第三部分分别用于润滑对应的所述缸盖内的所述凸轮轴。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述主油道包括进油道、曲轴油道、两个连接油道和两组凸轮轴油道；
所述进油道位于所述缸体的侧壁内，且所述进油道的第一端与所述机油泵的出油口相连；
所述曲轴油道位于所述缸体的侧壁内，且所述曲轴油道的延伸方向与所述曲轴的轴向相同，所述曲轴油道与所述进油道的第二端相连；
所述连接油道所述缸盖一一对应，且所述连接油道分别位于所述缸体的侧壁内和对应的所述缸盖的侧壁内，所述连接油道位于所述缸体的侧壁内的部分与所述进油道相连；
所述凸轮轴油道与所述缸盖一一对应，且各所述凸轮轴油道位于对应的所述缸盖的侧壁内，所述凸轮轴油道与对应的所述连接油道相连，所述凸轮轴油道的延伸方向与所述曲轴油道的延伸方向相同。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述连接油道包括第一连接段和第二连接段；
所述第一连接段分别位于所述缸体的侧壁内和对应的所述缸盖的侧壁内，所述第二连接段位于对应的所述缸盖的侧壁内；
两个所述第一连接段的第一端均与所述进油道相连，两个所述第一连接段之间相互倾斜，且两个所述第一连接段之间的夹角与两个所述缸盖在垂直于自身所处平面方向上的夹角相同；
所述第二连接段的第一端与所述第一连接段的第二端相连，所述第二连接段的第二端与对应的凸轮轴油道相连。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，两个所述第一连接段之间的夹角为60°-90°。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述连接油道包括第一连接段和第二连接段；
所述第一连接段的第一端与所述进油道相连，两个所述第一连接段之间的夹角与两个所述缸盖的夹角相同；
所述第二连接段的第一端与所述第一连接段的第二端相连，所述第二连接段的第二端与对应的每组所述凸轮轴油道相连。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述连接油道的直径小于所述进油道的直径。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述发动机还包括机滤模块；
所述机滤模块与所述缸体的外壁连接；
所述进油道包括第一进油道和第二进油道，所述第一进油道的第一端与所述机油泵的出油口相连，所述第一进油道的第二端与所述机滤模块的进油口相连；
所述第二进油道的第一端与所述机滤模块的出油口相连，所述第二进油道的第二端与所述曲轴油道和所述连接油道相连。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述机滤模块包括滤清器本体和机油开关；
所述机油开关与所述滤清器本体的外壁连接，且所述机油开关的感应端位于所述机滤模块的出油口处。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述发动机还包括平衡轴润滑腔，所述平衡轴润滑腔位于所述缸体内；
所述主油道还包括平衡轴油道；
所述平衡轴油道位于所述缸体的侧壁内，所述平衡轴油道的延伸方向与所述曲轴油道的延伸方向相同，所述平衡轴油道的第一端与所述机滤模块的出油口相连，所述平衡轴油道的第二端与所述平衡轴润滑腔相连。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述发动机还包括涨紧器润滑腔，所述涨紧器润滑腔位于所述缸体内；
所述主油道还包括涨紧器油道，所述涨紧器油道位于所述缸体的侧壁内，所述涨紧器油道的第一端与所述机滤模块的出油口相连，所述涨紧器油道的第二端与所述涨紧器润滑腔相连。
在本公开的又一种实现方式中，所述发动机还包括油底壳和收集器；
所述油底壳与所述缸体的底部连接；
所述收集器与所述机油泵的外壁连接，所述收集器的进油口与所述油底壳相连，所述收集器的出油口与所述机油泵的进油口相连。
本公开实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是：
本公开实施例提供的发动机在使用时，润滑油通过机油泵的进油口进入机油泵，机油泵将润滑油通过机油泵的出油口输出给主油道内，润滑油再通过主油道对曲轴、凸轮轴进行润滑和冷却。
由于该主油道的第一部分位于缸体的侧壁内，主油道的第二部分位于其中一个缸盖的侧壁内，主油道的第三部分位于另一个缸盖的侧壁内，所以能够避免使用外接油管对润滑油进行输送，大大降低成本。并且，由于油道的布置不占用发动机的体积，所以使得发动机整体结构更为紧凑，从而减小整个发动机的体积。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本公开实施例提供的缸体的结构示意图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的缸盖的结构示意图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的润滑系统的结构示意图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的油底壳的结构示意图。
图中各符号表示含义如下：
1、缸体；2、曲轴；3、缸盖；4、凸轮轴；
5、润滑系统；51、机油泵；52、主油道；521、进油道；5211、第一进油道；5212、第二进油道；
522、曲轴油道；5221、曲轴出油管；5222、曲轴轴径；523、连接油道；5231、第一连接段；5232、第二连接段；524、凸轮轴油道；5241、进气侧凸轮 轴油道；52411、进气侧凸轮轴出油管；52412、进气侧凸轮轴出油板；52413、进气侧液压挺柱出油管；5242、排气侧凸轮轴油道；5243、凸轮轴相连油道；52431、凸轮轴轴承径；52432、OCV阀；525、平衡轴油道；526、涨紧器油道；
6、机滤模块；61、滤清器本体；62、机油开关；
7、平衡轴润滑腔；
8、涨紧器润滑腔；
9、油底壳；
10、收集器。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
图1是本公开实施例提供的缸体的结构示意图，图2是本公开实施例提供的缸盖的结构示意图，结合图1和图2，发动机包括缸体1、曲轴2、两个缸盖3、多个凸轮轴4和润滑系统5。曲轴2可转动地插接在缸体1内。两个缸盖3罩盖在缸体1的顶部，且相互间隔。一部分凸轮轴4可转动地插接在两个缸盖3中的一个内，另一部分凸轮轴4可转动地插接在两个缸盖3中的另一个内，凸轮轴4与曲轴2相互平行布置。
图3是本公开实施例提供的润滑系统的结构示意图，如图3所示，润滑系统5包括机油泵51和主油道52，机油泵51与缸体1的外侧壁连接，主油道52的第一部分位于缸体1的侧壁内，且主油道52的第一部分的第一端与机油泵51的出油口相连，第二端用于向曲轴2输送润滑油，主油道52的第二部分和第三部分均与主油道52的第一部分相连，主油道52的第二部分和第三部分分别位于两个缸盖3的侧壁内，主油道52的第二部分和第三部分分别用于润滑对应的缸盖3内的凸轮轴4。
本公开实施例提供的发动机在使用时，润滑油通过机油泵51的进油口进入机油泵51，机油泵51将润滑油通过机油泵51的出油口输出给主油道52内，润滑油再通过主油道52对曲轴2、凸轮轴4进行润滑和冷却。
由于该主油道52的第一部分位于缸体1的侧壁内，主油道52的第二部分位于其中一个缸盖3的侧壁内，主油道52的第三部分位于另一个缸盖3的侧壁 内，所以能够避免使用外接油管对润滑油进行输送，大大降低成本。并且，由于油道的布置不占用发动机的体积，所以使得发动机整体结构更为紧凑，从而减小整个发动机的体积。
需要说明的是，位于缸盖3的侧壁内，指的是装嵌于缸盖3的侧壁内部，而不是指的位于缸盖3的侧壁内侧。
本实例中，发动机为V型发动机，其中两个缸盖3呈V型结构位于缸体1的顶部。
V型发动机相比同缸数的直列发动机，长度大大缩短，这样能够明显减少引擎舱的长度，以便使得节省下来的空间可以利用在增加乘员舱长度上，方便前舱的布置。
当然，在其他实施例中，发动机也可以是其他类型，例如W型发动机、直列型发动机等。当发动机的类型改变时，缸盖数量、凸轮轴数量等应该相应的改变。
继续参见图3，可选地，主油道52包括进油道521、曲轴油道522、两个连接油道523和两组凸轮轴油道524。进油道521位于缸体1的侧壁内，且进油道521的第一端与机油泵51的出油口相连。
曲轴油道522位于缸体1的侧壁内，且曲轴油道522的延伸方向与曲轴2的轴向相同，曲轴油道522与进油道521的第二端相连。连接油道523缸盖3一一对应，且连接油道523的第一部分位于缸体1的侧壁内，且端部与进油道521相连，连接油道523的第二部分位于对应的缸盖3的侧壁内，且端部与连接油道523的第一部分相连。
凸轮轴油道524与缸盖3一一对应，且各凸轮轴油道524位于对应的缸盖3的侧壁内，凸轮轴油道524与对应的连接油道523相连，凸轮轴油道524的延伸方向与曲轴油道522的延伸方向相同。
在上述实现方式中，进油道521用于将润滑油从机油泵51中输送至曲轴油道522和连接油道523中，再通过曲轴油道522将润滑油输送至曲轴2所在的润滑腔中，同时，通过连接油道523将润滑油输送至凸轮轴油道524中，以通过凸轮轴油道524将将润滑油输送至凸轮轴4所在的润滑腔中。
可选地，连接油道523包括第一连接段5231和第二连接段5232。第一连接段5231的第一部分位于缸体1的侧壁内，第一连接段5231的第二部分位于对 应的缸盖3的侧壁内，第二连接段5232的位于对应的缸盖3的侧壁内。
两个第一连接段5231的第一端均与进油道521相连，两个第一连接段5231之间相互倾斜，且两个第一连接段5231之间的夹角α与两个缸盖3在垂直于自身所处平面方向上的夹角相同。
需要说明的是，缸盖3的长度方向与曲轴油道522的长度方向相同，缸盖3的在垂直于自身所处平面方向为朝向缸体1的底部延伸的方向，该方向垂直于自身长度方向。两个第一连接段5231之间的夹角α与两个缸盖3的宽度方向上的夹角相同。
第二连接段5232的第一端与第一连接段5231的第二端相连，第二连接段5232的第二端与对应的凸轮轴油道524相连。
在上述实现方式中，第一连接段5231用于将润滑油输送至第二连接段5232中，以便通过第二连接段5232使得润滑油进入到凸轮轴油道524中。
由于两个连接油道523分别与不同缸盖3上的凸轮轴油道524相连，所以，将两个第一连接段5231的延长线之间的夹角与两个缸盖3的夹角相同，这样能够使得两个第一连接段5231在与对应的凸轮轴油道524相连时，尽可能的减小第一连接段5231的长度，以便降低连接油道523的设计成本，同时可以减少发动机的引擎舱的长度，使得发动机的重心相对较低，发动机较为平稳。
可选地，两个第一连接段5231之间的夹角为60度-90度，当然，两个缸盖3的夹角也为60度-90度。
可选地，连接油道523的直径小于进油道521的直径。
减小连接油道523的直径，可以减小连接油道523的体积，进而减小连接油道523在缸盖3中占用的体积，从而能够将缸盖3制作的更小，最终减小整个发动机的体积。同时，连接油道523的直径小于进油道521的直径，也可以使得进入到连接油道523内的润滑油由于流通口径变小而增大油压，进而能够确保润滑油能够快速流道到凸轮轴油道524中对凸轮轴4的各个部位进行润滑。
继续参见图3，示例性地，曲轴油道522的侧壁上具有多个与曲轴油道522内腔相连的曲轴出油管5221，曲轴油道522中的润滑油通过曲轴出油管5221进入曲轴2所在的润滑腔中，对曲轴2进行润滑。
示例性地，多个曲轴出油管5221均匀间隔布置在曲轴油道522的侧壁上，这样使得润滑油能够均匀地进入到同一个曲轴2所在的润滑腔中。
继续参见图3，示例性地，曲轴出油管5221上连接有环形的曲轴轴径5222，曲轴轴径5222中均具有供润滑油流动的流通孔。曲轴轴径5222将润滑油输送至曲轴2的外壁，在曲轴2转动的过程中，通过曲轴轴径5222中的流通孔对曲轴2的主轴颈进行润滑，减小曲轴2与套接在曲轴外部的轴瓦之间的摩擦力。
本实施例中，每个缸盖3上设有两个凸轮轴4，一个凸轮轴4称为进气侧凸轮轴，另一个凸轮轴为排气侧凸轮轴。对应的，每组凸轮轴油道524包括进气侧凸轮轴油道5241、排气侧凸轮轴油道5242。进气侧凸轮轴油道5241和排气侧凸轮轴油道5242相互平行且相对布置，进气侧凸轮轴油道5241、排气侧凸轮轴油道5242的延伸方向与曲轴油道522的延伸方向相同。进气侧凸轮轴油道5241和排气侧凸轮轴油道5242分别与连接油道523中的第二连接段5232的两端相连。
凸轮轴4在发动机中顺畅地转动，才能够保证发动机的正常运转。通过进气侧凸轮轴油道5241向进气侧凸轮轴输送润滑油，通过排气侧凸轮轴油道5242向排气侧凸轮轴输送润滑油，这样才能使得两个凸轮轴4同时顺畅地转动。
本实施例中，进气侧凸轮轴油道5241和排气侧凸轮轴油道5242结构相同，这里仅仅简单介绍一下进气侧凸轮轴油道5241的具体结构。
可选地，进气侧凸轮轴油道5241的侧壁上具有多个与进气侧凸轮轴油道5241内腔相连的进气侧凸轮轴出油管52411，进气侧凸轮轴油道5241中的润滑油通过进气侧凸轮轴出油管52411进入到进气侧凸轮轴所在的润滑腔中，对进气侧凸轮轴进行润滑。
本实施例中，多个进气侧凸轮轴出油管52411均匀间隔布置进气侧凸轮轴油道5241的侧壁上，这样能够使得润滑油能够均匀地进入到进气侧凸轮轴所在的润滑腔中。
进气侧凸轮轴出油管52411上连接有弧形的进气侧凸轮轴出油板52412，进气侧凸轮轴出油板52412能够将润滑油输送至进气侧凸轮轴的侧壁上。在进气侧凸轮轴转动的过程中，这样便可以减小进气侧凸轮轴与缸盖3之间的摩擦力。
进气侧凸轮轴油道5241的侧壁上具有多个与进气侧凸轮轴油道5241内腔相连的进气侧液压挺柱出油管52413，进气侧凸轮轴油道5241中的润滑油通过进气侧液压挺柱出油管52413输送到液压挺柱处，对进气侧的液压挺柱进行润滑。
示例性地，任一个凸轮轴相连油道5243侧壁上具有与凸轮轴相连油道5243内腔相连的凸轮轴轴承径52431，凸轮轴轴承径52431中均具有供润滑油流动的通孔。
凸轮轴轴承径52431将润滑油输送至凸轮轴的轴承。这样可以在凸轮轴转动的过程中，减小凸轮轴的轴承与凸轮轴之间的摩擦力。
本实施例中，发动机还包括轴承盖，轴承盖与缸盖的顶部连接。轴承盖与缸盖之间设有轴承，且该轴承套接在凸轮轴上。轴承盖上设有凸轮轴相位器。凸轮轴相位器上连接有OCV阀(Oil control valve，油门控制阀)。每组凸轮轴油道524还包括凸轮轴相连油道5243，凸轮轴相连油道5243的第一端与第二连接段5232相连，凸轮轴相连油道5243的第二端与OCV阀的进油口相连，这样便可通过OCV阀控制凸轮轴相位器内部不同油腔的油路。
继续参见图3，可选地，发动机还包括机滤模块6。机滤模块6与缸体1的外壁连接。
进油道521包括第一进油道5211和第二进油道5212，第一进油道5211的第一端与机油泵51的出油口相连，第一进油道5211的第二端与机滤模块6的进油口相连。第二进油道5212的第一端与机滤模块6的出油口相连，第二进油道5212的第二端与曲轴油道522和连接油道523相连。
第一进油道5211用于将润滑油输送至机滤模块6内，以通过机滤模块6对润滑油进行清洁、冷却等，第二进油道5212用于将机滤模块6处理后的润滑油输送至曲轴油道522和连接油道523中。
本实施例中，机滤模块6是由机油冷却器和机油滤清器集成一体形成的部件，本公开实施例提供的发动机润直接把机油冷却器和机油滤清器集成一体，这不仅有效降低了减少了发动机的成本，而且使得发动机的布置更加紧凑。
可选地，机滤模块6包括滤清器本体61和机油开关62。滤清器本体61与缸体1的外壁连接。
机油开关62与滤清器本体61的外壁连接，且机油开关62的感应端位于机滤模块6的出油口处。
滤清器本体61用于对润滑油进行过滤、冷却。润滑油在流动的过程中油压会减小，润滑油刚从滤清器本体61的出油口处流出时，必须具有一定的油压，也就是此处油压最大，通过机油开关62将滤清器本体61的出油口处的油压进 行监测，可以确保整个发动机润滑系统的正常工作。当机油开关62检测到滤清器本体61的出油口处的油压为0或者低于实际需求的最低值一般根据实际工况进行设定，则机油开关62自动发出警报，提示工作人员，同时将滤清器本体61的出油口处的油压以电信号的形式反馈给机油泵51，机油泵51接收电信号，根据电信号所指示的油压，重新控制机油泵51的出油口的油压，以便重新调整润滑油的油压，从而对发动机的各个部分进行润滑，实现发动机润滑系统的油压的实时调整。
继续参见图3，可选地，发动机还包括平衡轴润滑腔7，平衡轴润滑腔7位于缸体1内。主油道52还包括平衡轴油道525。平衡轴油道525位于缸体1的侧壁内，平衡轴油道525的延伸方向与曲轴油道522的延伸方向相同，平衡轴油道525的第一端与机滤模块6的出油口相连，平衡轴油道525的第二端与平衡轴润滑腔7相连。
平衡轴油道525用于将润滑油输送至平衡轴润滑腔7内，以便对平衡轴进行润滑。由于平衡轴油道525的润滑油取自机滤模块6过滤后的润滑油，这样可以保证发动机机润滑油的清洁性，防止平衡轴的轴径被异物拉伤。
本实施例中，为了保证平衡轴油道525的可靠密封，在该平衡轴油道525与机滤模块6的出油口之前增加O型密封圈进行密封连接。
继续参见图3，可选地，发动机还包括涨紧器润滑腔8，涨紧器润滑腔8位于缸体1内。主油道52还包括涨紧器油道526，涨紧器油道526位于缸体1的侧壁内，涨紧器油道526的第一端与机滤模块6的出油口相连，涨紧器油道526的第二端与涨紧器润滑腔8相连。
涨紧器油道526用于将润滑油输送至涨紧器润滑腔8内，以便对涨紧器进行润滑。由于涨紧器油道526中的润滑油经过机滤模块6过滤，使得进入到涨紧器中的润滑油干净，防止杂物对涨紧器进行破坏拉伤等。
图4是本公开实施例提供的油底壳的结构示意图，结合图4，可选地，发动机还包括油底壳9和收集器10。油底壳9与缸体1的底部连接。收集器10与机油泵51的外壁连接，收集器10的进油口与油底壳9相连，收集器10的出油口与机油泵51的进油口相连。
收集器10用于油底壳9内的润滑油。收集器10与机油泵51的进油口相连，使得机油泵51能够将油底壳9内的润滑油输出，再次进行润滑，这样发动机润 滑系统形成一个循环系统。另外，收集器10集成在机油泵51上，这样减小发动机的体积。
本实施例中，以上所说的油道均是通过铸造的方式开设在缸体1以及缸盖3的侧壁内。
在本公开实施例中，为了减少加工成本，以上所说的油道分别采用铸造方式处理，这样一方面能够使得油路设计的更加灵活自如，另一方面减少了油道加工的成本。
与此同时，各个油道的末端需要密封时，均可以通过拉铆工艺进行密封。
以上所述仅为本公开的可选实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机包括缸体(1)、曲轴(2)、两个缸盖(3)、多个凸轮轴(4)和润滑系统(5)；
    所述曲轴(2)可转动地插接在所述缸体(1)内；
    两个所述缸盖(3)罩盖在所述缸体(1)的顶部，且相互间隔；
    一部分所述凸轮轴(4)可转动地插接在两个所述缸盖(3)中的一个内，另一部分所述凸轮轴(4)可转动地插接在两个所述缸盖(3)中的另一个内，所述凸轮轴(4)与所述曲轴(2)相互平行布置；
    所述润滑系统(5)包括机油泵(51)和主油道(52)，所述机油泵(51)与所述缸体(1)的外侧壁相连，所述主油道(52)的第一部分位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内，且所述主油道(52)的第一部分的第一端与所述机油泵(51)的出油口相连，所述主油道(52)的第一部分的第二端用于向所述曲轴(2)输送润滑油，所述主油道(52)的第二部分和第三部分均与所述主油道(52)的第一部分相连，所述主油道(52)的第二部分和第三部分分别位于两个所述缸盖(3)的侧壁内，所述主油道(52)的第二部分和第三部分分别用于润滑对应的所述缸盖(3)内的所述凸轮轴(4)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述主油道(52)包括进油道(521)、曲轴油道(522)、两个连接油道(523)和两组凸轮轴油道(524)；
    所述进油道(521)位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内，且所述进油道(521)的第一端与所述机油泵(51)的出油口相连；
    所述曲轴油道(522)位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内，且所述曲轴油道(522)的延伸方向与所述曲轴(2)的轴向相同，所述曲轴油道(522)与所述进油道(521)的第二端相连；
    所述连接油道(523)所述缸盖(3)一一对应，且所述连接油道(523)分别位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内和对应的所述缸盖(3)的侧壁内，所述连接油道(523)位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内的部分与所述进油道(521)相连；
    所述凸轮轴油道(524)与所述缸盖(3)一一对应，且各所述凸轮轴油道(524)位于对应的所述缸盖(3)的侧壁内，所述凸轮轴油道(524)与对应的 所述连接油道(523)相连，所述凸轮轴油道(524)的延伸方向与所述曲轴油道(522)的延伸方向相同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述连接油道(523)包括第一连接段(5231)和第二连接段(5232)；
    所述第一连接段(5231)分别位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内和对应的所述缸盖(3)的侧壁内，所述第二连接段(5232)位于对应的所述缸盖(3)的侧壁内；
    两个所述第一连接段(5231)的第一端均与所述进油道(521)相连，两个所述第一连接段(5231)之间相互倾斜，且两个所述第一连接段(5231)之间的夹角与两个所述缸盖(3)在垂直于自身所处平面方向上的夹角相同；
    所述第二连接段(5232)的第一端与所述第一连接段(5231)的第二端相连，所述第二连接段(5232)的第二端与对应的凸轮轴油道(524)相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的发动机，其特征在于，两个所述第一连接段(5231)之间的夹角为60°-90°。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述连接油道(523)的直径小于所述进油道(521)的直径。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机还包括机滤模块(6)；
    所述机滤模块(6)与所述缸体(1)的外壁连接；
    所述进油道(521)包括第一进油道(5211)和第二进油道(5212)，所述第一进油道(5211)的第一端与所述机油泵(51)的出油口相连，所述第一进油道(5211)的第二端与所述机滤模块(6)的进油口相连；
    所述第二进油道(5212)的第一端与所述机滤模块(6)的出油口相连，所述第二进油道(5212)的第二端与所述曲轴油道(522)和所述连接油道(523)相连。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述机滤模块(6)包括滤清器本体(61)和机油开关(62)；
    所述机油开关(62)与所述滤清器本体(61)的外壁连接，且所述机油开关(62)的感应端位于所述机滤模块(6)的出油口处。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机还包括平衡轴润滑腔(7)，所述平衡轴润滑腔(7)位于所述缸体(1)内；
    所述主油道(52)还包括平衡轴油道(525)；
    所述平衡轴油道(525)位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内，所述平衡轴油道(525)的延伸方向与所述曲轴油道(522)的延伸方向相同，所述平衡轴油道(525)的第一端与所述机滤模块(6)的出油口相连，所述平衡轴油道(525)的第二端与所述平衡轴润滑腔(7)相连。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机还包括涨紧器润滑腔(8)，所述涨紧器润滑腔(8)位于所述缸体(1)内；
    所述主油道(52)还包括涨紧器油道(526)，所述涨紧器油道(526)位于所述缸体(1)的侧壁内，所述涨紧器油道(526)的第一端与所述机滤模块(6)的出油口相连，所述涨紧器油道(526)的第二端与所述涨紧器润滑腔(8)相连。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机还包括油底壳(9)和收集器(10)；
    所述油底壳(9)与所述缸体(1)的底部连接；
    所述收集器(10)与所述机油泵(51)的外壁连接，所述收集器(10)的进油口与所述油底壳(9)相连，所述收集器(10)的出油口与所述机油泵(51)的进油口相连。
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