WO2023005072A1 - 一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法 - Google Patents

一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法 Download PDF

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WO2023005072A1
WO2023005072A1 PCT/CN2021/132109 CN2021132109W WO2023005072A1 WO 2023005072 A1 WO2023005072 A1 WO 2023005072A1 CN 2021132109 W CN2021132109 W CN 2021132109W WO 2023005072 A1 WO2023005072 A1 WO 2023005072A1
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stope
mining
rock drilling
vein
ore
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PCT/CN2021/132109
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶光祥
李春
张树标
谢世勇
曾凡珍
苑栋
钟健民
杨勇
李健
聂亚林
钟婷
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赣州有色冶金研究所有限公司
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Publication of WO2023005072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005072A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of steeply inclined ore body mining, in particular to an open-field mining method for steeply inclined vein-shaped ore bodies.
  • the steeply inclined thin ore body refers to the ore body with a dip angle greater than 55° and a thickness between 0.8 and 4m.
  • Such deposits occupy a certain proportion in ferrous, non-ferrous, chemical and gold mines, among which tungsten, tin and gold mines are the majority.
  • the shallow hole retention method is one of the main mining methods for mining such veins in China. According to statistics, in the mining methods of tungsten mines and gold mines, the proportion of medium and shallow hole retention method is as high as 70%, and the proportion of non-ferrous metal underground mines is as high as 38%.
  • the mining process of the shallow hole ore retention method is as follows:
  • the stope is arranged along the direction of the ore body, 40-60m long, 2-6m wide between columns, 2-3m thick at the top column, and 4-6m high at the bottom column.
  • Accurate work is mainly for the transportation roadway, the advanced patio, the bottom roadway and the funnel neck during the excavation stage;
  • the cutting work is relatively simple, and the bottoming roadway is used as the free surface to form the bottoming space and leak prevention.
  • the mining work of the mine house mainly includes: rock drilling, blasting, ventilation, partial ore drawing, prying and leveling, and large-scale ore drawing.
  • the shallow hole ore retention method is adopted. Due to the low degree of mechanization of rock drilling, powder charging and crushing during the entire mining process, the manual labor intensity is relatively high, and the workers work directly under the exposed surface of the ore after blasting. The ore body and roof enclosure The rock slabs are caving down, and the safety factor of the operation is low; in addition, due to the limitation of the mining width, inclination and working space, the production capacity of the mining method often depends on the capabilities of the rock drilling equipment and the ore extraction equipment, and the shallow hole retention method generally adopts Hand-held rock drills are used for rock drilling, self-weight or electric raking, and the production capacity of a single stope is limited, generally only 40-60t/d.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an open-stop mining method for a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and improve the stope production capacity and operation safety factor.
  • the present invention provides an open-stop mining method for a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body.
  • the width of the ore body is consistent, and the top pillar and the inter-pillar are left in the stope; the rock drilling roadway and the mining quasi-shaft are used as the blasting free surface to blast the ore body, and the whole ore rock in the mine area collapses at one time.
  • the open-field mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 setting up an out-of-vein transportation drift along the ore body
  • Step 2 set up several ore loading machine roads along the direction perpendicular to the horizontal roadway outside the vein; set up the rock drilling roadway at the bottom of the stope along the ore body direction, and the rock drilling roadway is connected with the The loading machine road is connected;
  • Step 3 setting up the mining quasi-well in the middle of the rock-drilling roadway, and setting up an out-of-vein pedestrian equipment well in the direction of the out-of-vein transportation level road away from the ore body;
  • Step 4 Set up several connecting roads in the vertical direction of the stope, and the pedestrian equipment shaft outside the vein is connected with the mining quasi-well by using the connecting road; rock roadway, and the rest of the rock-drilling roadway is flush with the connecting road;
  • Step 5 constructing blastholes in the rock drilling roadway, the blastholes are all deep holes, and the blastholes do not expose other projects;
  • Step 6 charge the charge in the blast hole, detonate slightly from the middle position of the stope to both ends, and in the same rock drilling roadway, center on the drilling well, and the detonator sections on both sides are arranged symmetrically, different The same detonator sections are arranged between the rock drilling roadways, the blasting takes the rock drilling roadway and the mining quasi-well as the free surface, and the stope collapses at one time;
  • Step 7 After the blasting is completed, the ore extraction operation is carried out on the ore loader road, and the empty field is supported by ore pillars for self-stabilization.
  • the length of the stope is 40-60m
  • the width of the intercolumn is 2-6m
  • the thickness of the top column is 3-5m.
  • the blast holes include parallel inclined holes and fan-shaped holes, the parallel inclined holes are inclined from bottom to top toward the direction close to the drilling well, and the fan-shaped holes are located near the spacer column
  • the distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the rock drilling roadway or the top pillar is 30-50 cm
  • the distance between the blast hole and the boundary of the stope is 10-30 cm.
  • the angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45°, and each row has at least two blast holes.
  • the blastholes are configured as quincunx-shaped or parallel blastholes.
  • the open-stop mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body of the present invention arranges the stope along the ore body direction, sets up several rock-drilling roadways, and several rock-drilling roadways are placed in the stope In the vertical height direction, equidistant and parallel are arranged along the veins, and mining quasi-wells are set up in the middle of the stope.
  • the mining in the prior art is all carried out on the loose ore heap after local ore drawing, and the ore collapse height is 1.8-2m each time.
  • the empty working surface is easily collapsed due to blasting operation damage, and the operation cycle is many, and the operation risk is high.
  • Adopting the open-field mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body of the present invention the mining operation is carried out in the rock-drilling roadway, and the rock-drilling roadway has good stability, safety and reliability, can avoid the accident of falling of surrounding rock slabs, and improves the working environment , improve the operating safety factor; and the present invention uses rock-drilling roadways and mining quasi-shafts as the blasting free surface, and the multi-free surface blasting area collapses as a whole, and a large amount of ore is drawn at one time, which greatly improves the production capacity of the stope.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the open-field mining method of steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cutaway view along A-A in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along B-B direction in Fig. 1 .
  • 1 is the transportation level road outside the vein
  • 2 is the ore loading machine road
  • 3 is the rock drilling roadway
  • 4 is the mining quasi-well
  • 5 is the pedestrian equipment well outside the vein
  • 6 is the connecting road
  • 7 is the top pillar
  • 8 is the gun Holes
  • 9 are intercolumns
  • 10 are veins
  • 11 are surrounding rocks.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an open-stop mining method for a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and improve the stope production capacity and operation safety factor.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the open-field mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional schematic diagram along A-A in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is along Fig. 1 B-B cut-away diagram.
  • the present invention provides an open-stop mining method for a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body.
  • the stope is arranged along the ore body, and several rock-drilling roadways 3 are set up.
  • the veins are set, and the mining quasi-well 4 is opened in the middle of the stope.
  • the width of the rock drilling roadway 3 and the mining quasi-well 4 is consistent with the width of the mining area of the stope.
  • the inter-column 9 and the top post 7 can support the surrounding rock 11, the top post 7 is connected with the vein 10, and the inter-column 9 and the top post 7 cooperate to ensure safe operation;
  • On the free surface the ore body is blasted, and the ore body in the blasting area collapses as a whole.
  • the mining in the prior art is all carried out on the loose ore heap after local ore drawing, and the ore collapse height is 1.8-2m each time.
  • the empty working surface is easily collapsed due to blasting operation damage, and the operation cycle is many, and the operation risk is high.
  • the mining operation is carried out in the rock-drilling roadway 3, and the rock-drilling roadway 3 has good stability, is safe and reliable, and can avoid accidents of 11 side walls of surrounding rocks falling, improving
  • the working environment is improved, and the working safety factor is improved;
  • the present invention uses the rock drilling roadway 3 and the mining quasi-well 4 as the blasting free surface, and the multi-free surface blasting area collapses as a whole, and a large amount of ore is drawn at one time, and the production capacity can reach 120-150t/d , greatly improving the production capacity of the stope.
  • Step 1 along the direction of the ore body, construct an out-of-vein transportation entryway 1 at a certain distance outside the vein, the quantity of the out-of-vein transportation entryway 1 is one, and the out-vein transportation entryway 1 is included in the mining area transportation system;
  • Step 2 starting along the direction perpendicular to the transportation level roadway 1 outside the vein, constructing several ore loading machine roads 2 in the stope for mining out of the stope, and the size of the ore loading machine road 2 is required to meet the working requirements of the equipment; Then, along the direction of the ore body, 3 rock-drilling roadways are constructed at the bottom of the stope. Wide and larger than the minimum working size requirements of rock drilling equipment to ensure sufficient working space for rock drilling equipment;
  • Step 3 in the middle part of the rock drilling roadway 3, construct a mining quasi-well 4 with the vein, as a blasting compensation space and the second passage of the stope, the mining quasi-well 4 is as wide as the rock drilling roadway 3;
  • the mining quasi-well 4 In the direction away from the ore body in Lane 1, there are 5 pedestrian equipment shafts outside the construction vein, and the size is sufficient for the passage of equipment and pedestrians;
  • Step 4 According to the height of the stope and the blasting space requirements, a number of layered connecting roads 6 are set in the vertical direction of the stope.
  • the pedestrian equipment well 5 outside the vein is connected with the mining quasi-well 4 by using the connecting road 6.
  • the size of the connecting road 6 It is sufficient for pedestrians and equipment to pass through; then, along the direction of the ore body, follow the veins to construct the remaining rock-drilling roadway 3, which is used for rock drilling and blasting compensation space, and the remaining rock-drilling roadway 3 is flush with the connecting road 6;
  • Step 5 take the mining quasi-well 4 as the axis of symmetry, construct blastholes 8 in the rock drilling roadway 3, the blastholes 8 are all deep holes, the blastholes 8 do not expose other projects, and the deep holes are only constructed in the last machine position, all Drilling is completed once;
  • Step 6 charge the blasthole 8 with explosives, detonate once, take the rock drilling roadway 3 and the mining well 4 as the free surface, and the stope once collapses, and the blasting compensation space reaches 33.3%.
  • the length of the stope is 40-60m
  • the width of the inter-column 9 is 2-6m
  • the thickness of the top column 7 is 3-5m.
  • the inter-column can also be adjusted according to the actual situation of the stope. 9 and the size of the top column 7 improve the flexibility and adaptability of the mining method.
  • the blast holes 8 include parallel inclined holes and fan-shaped holes.
  • the parallel inclined holes are inclined from bottom to top toward the direction close to the sampling well 4, and the fan-shaped holes are located on the side near the spacer column 9.
  • the angle between the axes of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45°, and there are at least two blastholes 8 in each row to ensure smooth blasting.
  • the blast hole 8 can also be set as a quincunx-shaped or parallel blast hole.
  • the distance between the blast hole 8 and the previous rock drilling roadway 3 (or top pillar 7) is 30-50 cm
  • the distance between the blast hole 8 and the stope boundary is 10-30cm, which further improves the operating safety factor.
  • each row of blastholes 8 adopts differential blasting, and both sides of the mining well 4 are detonated synchronously, so that the amount of ore drawn is large, and the production capacity of the stope is improved.
  • the whole mining work only includes rock drilling, blasting, and large-scale ore drawing, and compared with the traditional process, the post-blasting ventilation, partial ore drawing, and top leveling are omitted.
  • the process is simple and easy to manage; and all operations are carried out in the rock drilling roadway 3, and the safety of the operation is greatly improved;
  • the traditional method uses a shallow hole rock drill for rock drilling, manual charging, and funnel drawing, and the present invention uses a deep hole drill for rock drilling , Charger charging, ore loading machine or scraper machine out of ore mechanized operation, deep hole area collapse as a whole, which reduces the labor intensity of operators and greatly improves the production capacity of the stope.

Abstract

本发明公开一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，沿矿体走向布置采场，开设若干个凿岩巷道，若干凿岩巷道于采场的垂高方向上等距平行沿脉设置，于采场的中部开设采准井，凿岩巷道和采准井的宽度均与采场的采幅宽度相一致，采场留设顶柱和间柱；利用凿岩巷道和采准井作为爆破自由面，实现矿房内矿体多自由面爆破，区域整体崩落。采用本发明的采矿方法，开采作业在凿岩巷道中进行，凿岩巷道稳定性较好，安全可靠，可避免采场围岩片帮冒落危害，改善了作业环境，提高了作业安全系数；且本发明利用凿岩巷道和采准井作为爆破自由面，多自由面爆破区域整体崩落，整个采场一次爆破完成，极大地提高了采场生产能力。

Description

一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法 技术领域
本发明涉及急倾斜矿体开采技术领域，特别是涉及一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法。
背景技术
急倾斜薄矿体是指倾角大于55°，厚度在0.8～4m之间的矿体。这类矿床在黑色、有色、化工、黄金等矿山均占有一定的比例，而其中又以钨、锡及黄金矿山居多。目前，浅孔留矿法是国内开采这类矿脉主要采矿方法之一。据统计，在钨矿山和黄金矿山的开采方法使用中浅孔留矿法所占比高达70％以上，有色金属地下矿山所占比达38％。
浅孔留矿法的回采工艺如下：
采场沿矿体走向方向布置，长40～60m，间柱宽2～6m，顶柱厚2～3m，底柱高4～6m。
采准工作主要是掘进阶段运输巷道、先行天井、拉底巷道和漏斗颈等；
切割工作比较简单，以拉底巷道为自由面，形成拉底空间和辟漏。
矿房回采工作主要包括：凿岩、爆破、通风、局部放矿、撬顶平场、大量放矿等。
采用浅孔留矿法，由于整个回采过程中，凿岩、装药、破碎机械化程度低，导致人工劳动强度较大，且工人直接在爆破后的矿岩暴露面下作业，矿体和顶板围岩片帮冒落，作业安全系数较低；另外，受采幅、倾角和作业空间的限制，采矿方法的生产能力常取决于凿岩设备和出矿设备的能力，浅孔留矿法一般采用手持式凿岩机凿岩，自重或电耙出矿，单个采场的生产能力有限，一般仅为40～60t/d。
因此，如何改变现有技术中，急倾斜薄矿体采用浅孔留矿法开采作业安全系数低以及采场生产能力低的现状，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，提高采场生产能力和作业安全系数。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，沿矿体走向布置采场，开设若干个凿岩巷道，若干所述凿岩巷道于所述采场的垂高方向上等距平行沿脉设置，于所述采场的中部开设采准井，所述凿岩巷道和所述采准井的宽度均与所述采场的采幅宽度相一致，所述采场留设顶柱和间柱；利用所述凿岩巷道和所述采准井作为爆破自由面，对矿体进行爆破，矿房区域内矿岩整体一次崩落。
优选地，所述的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、沿矿体走向开设脉外运输平巷；
步骤二、沿垂直于所述脉外运输平巷的方向开设若干条装矿机道；沿矿体走向，在所述采场的底部开设所述凿岩巷道，所述凿岩巷道与所述装矿机道相连通；
步骤三、于所述凿岩巷道的中部开设所述采准井，在所述脉外运输平巷远离矿体的方向开设脉外人行设备井；
步骤四、于所述采场的垂直方向设置若干联络道，所述脉外人行设备井利用所述联络道与所述采准井相连通；沿矿体走向，跟脉施工其余的所述凿岩巷道，其余的所述凿岩巷道与所述联络道相平齐；
步骤五、在所述凿岩巷道中施工炮孔，所述炮孔均为深孔，所述炮孔不揭穿其它工程；
步骤六、在所述炮孔内装药，自所述采场中间位置往两端微差起爆，同一所述凿岩巷道内以所述采准井为中心，两侧雷管段别对称设置，不同所述凿岩巷道间雷管段别相同设置，爆破以所述凿岩巷道和所述采准井为自由面，所述采场一次崩落；
步骤七、爆破结束后，在所述装矿机道进行出矿作业，空场以矿柱支撑自稳。
优选地，所述采场长40-60m，所述间柱的宽度为2-6m，所述顶柱的厚度为3-5m。
优选地，步骤五中，所述炮孔包括平行斜孔和扇形孔，所述平行斜孔自下而上朝向靠近所述采准井的方向倾斜，所述扇形孔位于靠近所述间柱的一侧，所述炮孔的底部与所述凿岩巷道或所述顶柱之间的距离为30-50cm，所述炮孔与所述采场的边界之间的间距为10-30cm。
优选地，所述平行斜孔的轴线与水平面之间的夹角为45°，每排至少两个所述炮孔。
优选地，步骤五中，所述炮孔设置为梅花形或平行炮孔。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，沿矿体走向布置采场，开设若干个凿岩巷道，若干凿岩巷道于采场的垂高方向上等距平行沿脉设置，于采场的中部开设采准井，凿岩巷道和采准井的宽度均与采场的采幅宽度相一致，采场留设顶柱和间柱；利用凿岩巷道和采准井作为爆破自由面，对矿体进行爆破，爆破区域矿体整体崩落。
现有技术中的回采，均在局部放矿后的松散矿堆上进行，每次崩矿高度1.8-2m，临空作业面受爆破作业破坏易垮塌，作业循环多，作业风险大。采用本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，开采作业在凿岩巷道中进行，凿岩巷道稳定性较好，安全可靠，能够避免围岩片帮冒落事故，改善了作业环境，提高了作业安全系数；且本发明利用凿岩巷道和采准井作为爆破自由面，多自由面爆破区域整体崩落，一次大量放矿，极大地提高了采场生产能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法的示意图；
图2为图1中沿A-A向的剖切示意图；
图3为图1中沿B-B向的剖切示意图。
其中，1为脉外运输平巷，2为装矿机道，3为凿岩巷道，4为采准井， 5为脉外人行设备井，6为联络道，7为顶柱，8为炮孔，9为间柱，10为矿脉，11为围岩。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，提高采场生产能力和作业安全系数。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
请参考图1-3，其中，图1为本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法的示意图，图2为图1中沿A-A向的剖切示意图，图3为图1中沿B-B向的剖切示意图。
本发明提供一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，沿矿体走向布置采场，开设若干个凿岩巷道3，若干凿岩巷道3于采场的垂高方向上等距平行沿脉设置，于采场的中部开设采准井4，凿岩巷道3和采准井4的宽度均与采场的采幅宽度相一致，采场留设顶柱7和间柱9，具体参考图1，间柱9和顶柱7能够支撑围岩11，顶柱7与矿脉10相连，间柱9与顶柱7相配合，保证作业安全；利用凿岩巷道3和采准井4作为爆破自由面，对矿体进行爆破，爆破区域矿体整体崩落。
现有技术中的回采，均在局部放矿后的松散矿堆上进行，每次崩矿高度1.8-2m，临空作业面受爆破作业破坏易垮塌，作业循环多，作业风险大。采用本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，开采作业在凿岩巷道3中进行，凿岩巷道3稳定性较好，安全可靠，能够避免围岩11片帮冒落事故，改善了作业环境，提高了作业安全系数；且本发明利用凿岩巷道3和采准井4作为爆破自由面，多自由面爆破区域整体崩落，一次大量放矿，生产能力可达120～150t/d，极大地提高了采场生产能力。
下面通过具体的作业过程，对本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，作进一步的解释说明，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一、沿矿体走向，在脉外一定距离施工脉外运输平巷1，脉外运输平巷1的数量为一条，脉外运输平巷1纳入矿区运输系统中；
步骤二、沿垂直于脉外运输平巷1的方向出发，向采场中施工若干条装矿机道2，作采场出矿用，要求装矿机道2的尺寸需满足设备工作需求；然后，沿矿体走向，在采场的底部施工凿岩巷道3一条，凿岩巷道3与各装矿机道2相连通，作凿岩与爆破补偿空间用，凿岩巷道3与采幅同宽且大于凿岩设备最小工作尺寸要求，以保证凿岩设备具有足够的工作空间；
步骤三、于凿岩巷道3的中部跟脉施工采准井4一条，作爆破补偿空间与采场第二通道用，采准井4与凿岩巷道3同宽；同时，在脉外运输平巷1远离矿体的方向施工脉外人行设备井5一条，其尺寸满足设备与行人通行即可；
步骤四、根据采场高度以及爆破空间要求，于采场的垂直方向设置若干分层的联络道6，脉外人行设备井5利用联络道6与采准井4相连通，联络道6的尺寸满足行人与设备通行即可；然后，沿矿体走向，跟脉施工其余的凿岩巷道3，作凿岩与爆破补偿空间用，其余的凿岩巷道3与联络道6相平齐；
经过步骤一至步骤四的施工操作，已完成采场的采准施工工作；
步骤五、以采准井4为对称轴线，在凿岩巷道3中施工炮孔8，炮孔8均为深孔，炮孔8不揭穿其它工程，深孔仅在最后一个机位施工，所有钻孔一次施工完成；
步骤六、在炮孔8内装药，一次起爆，以凿岩巷道3和采准井4为自由面，采场一次崩落，爆破补偿空间达33.3％。
还需说明的是，本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，施工过程中采用深孔钻机凿岩、装药器风压装药、装矿机或铲运机出矿，机械化作业，降低了操作人员劳动强度，此外，多自由面爆破区域整体崩落，生产能力可达120～150t/d，极大提高了采场的生产能力。
在本具体实施方式中，采场长40-60m，间柱9的宽度为2-6m，顶柱 7的厚度为3-5m，在实际开采过程中，还可以根据采场实际情况调整间柱9和顶柱7的尺寸，提高开采方法的灵活适应性。
另外，炮孔8包括平行斜孔和扇形孔，平行斜孔自下而上朝向靠近采准井4的方向倾斜，扇形孔位于靠近间柱9的一侧。在本发明的其他具体实施方式中，平行斜孔的轴线与水平面之间的夹角为45°，每排至少两个炮孔8，确保爆破顺利进行。
在本发明的其他具体实施方式中，炮孔8还可以设置为梅花形或平行炮孔，另外，炮孔8与上一凿岩巷道3(或顶柱7)之间的间距30-50cm，炮孔8与采场边界之间的间距为10-30cm，进一步提高作业安全系数。
进一步地，炮孔8装药后，各排炮孔8采用微差爆破，采准井4两侧同步起爆，放矿量大，提高采场生产能力。
本发明的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，整个回采工作仅包含凿岩、爆破、大量放矿，较传统工艺省略了爆破后通风、局部放矿、撬顶平场等工作，回采工艺简单，易于管理；且所有作业均在凿岩巷道3中进行，作业安全情况得到大幅改善；另外，传统方法以浅孔凿岩机凿岩、人工装药、漏斗放矿，本发明以深孔钻机凿岩、装药器装药、装矿机或铲运机出矿机械化作业、深孔区域整体崩落，降低了操作人员劳动强度，大大提高了采场生产能力。
本发明中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，其特征在于：
    沿矿体走向布置采场，开设若干个凿岩巷道，若干所述凿岩巷道于所述采场的垂高方向上等距平行沿脉设置，于所述采场的中部开设采准井，所述凿岩巷道和所述采准井的宽度均与所述采场的采幅宽度相一致，所述采场留设顶柱和间柱；利用所述凿岩巷道和所述采准井作为爆破自由面，对矿体进行爆破，最终实现区域矿体整体崩落。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、沿矿体走向开设脉外运输平巷；
    步骤二、沿垂直于所述脉外运输平巷的方向开设若干条装矿机道；沿矿体走向，在所述采场的底部开设所述凿岩巷道，所述凿岩巷道与所述装矿机道相连通；
    步骤三、于所述凿岩巷道的中部开设所述采准井，在所述脉外运输平巷远离矿体的方向开设脉外人行设备井；
    步骤四、于所述采场的垂直方向设置若干联络道，所述脉外人行设备井利用所述联络道与所述采准井相连通；沿矿体走向，跟脉施工其余的所述凿岩巷道，其余的所述凿岩巷道与所述联络道相平齐；
    步骤五、在所述凿岩巷道中施工炮孔，所述炮孔均为深孔，所述炮孔不揭穿其它工程；
    步骤六、在所述炮孔内装药，自所述采场中间位置往两端微差起爆，同一所述凿岩巷道内以所述采准井为中心，两侧雷管段别对称设置，不同所述凿岩巷道间雷管段别相同设置，爆破以所述凿岩巷道和所述采准井为自由面，所述采场一次崩落；
    步骤七、爆破结束后，在所述装矿机道进行出矿作业，空场以矿柱支撑自稳。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，其特征在于：所述采场长40-60m，所述间柱的宽度为2-6m，所述顶柱的厚度为 3-5m。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，其特征在于：步骤五中，所述炮孔包括平行斜孔和扇形孔，所述平行斜孔自下而上朝向靠近所述采准井的方向倾斜，所述扇形孔位于靠近所述间柱的一侧，所述炮孔的底部与所述凿岩巷道或所述顶柱之间的距离为30-50cm，所述炮孔与所述采场的边界之间的间距为10-30cm。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，其特征在于：所述平行斜孔的轴线与水平面之间的夹角为45°，每排至少两个所述炮孔。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的急倾斜脉状矿体的空场采矿方法，其特征在于：步骤五中，所述炮孔设置为梅花形或平行炮孔。
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