WO2023004952A1 - 车载供电电路及车辆 - Google Patents

车载供电电路及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004952A1
WO2023004952A1 PCT/CN2021/118173 CN2021118173W WO2023004952A1 WO 2023004952 A1 WO2023004952 A1 WO 2023004952A1 CN 2021118173 W CN2021118173 W CN 2021118173W WO 2023004952 A1 WO2023004952 A1 WO 2023004952A1
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Prior art keywords
power supply
voltage
pin
electrically connected
control unit
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/118173
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余胜
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
余胜
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Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 余胜 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to CN202180098383.9A priority Critical patent/CN117396367A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/118173 priority patent/WO2023004952A1/zh
Priority to EP21951527.7A priority patent/EP4403419A1/en
Publication of WO2023004952A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004952A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobile electronic control, in particular to a vehicle power supply circuit and a vehicle.
  • the vehicle's logic circuits (such as electronic control units, information processing systems and other electrical equipment) and power motors are connected to the on-board power supply (such as on-board batteries or generators). Due to the complex working environment of the vehicle, it will be affected by conditions such as temperature and working conditions, and the output voltage of the vehicle power supply will fluctuate. Among them, load dumping refers to the moment when the power supply and the load are disconnected. Due to the sudden change of the load, the power supply voltage changes sharply. Load dumping may cause two types of problems: 1. Failure of power supply to electronic products and equipment; voltage spikes.
  • the invention provides a vehicle-mounted power supply circuit and a vehicle, which can ensure that the vehicle electronic equipment will not be damaged after the transient overvoltage of load dumping, and meet anti-reverse requirements.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted power supply circuit
  • the vehicle-mounted power supply circuit includes a power switch module and a voltage clamping module, both of the power switch module and the voltage clamping module are electrically connected to a power supply to receive an input voltage from the power supply
  • the power switch module outputs a first power supply voltage to the first power supply link based on the received input voltage
  • the voltage clamp module clamps the received input voltage within a preset voltage range and Outputting the second power supply voltage to the second power supply link; wherein, the power switch module is electrically connected to the on-board controller to receive a switch control signal from the on-board controller, and control the first power supply based on the switch control signal. Switching on or off of a supply voltage.
  • first power supply link is a link for supplying power to a vehicle-mounted power motor
  • second power supply link is a link for supplying power to a vehicle-mounted logic circuit
  • the on-vehicle power supply circuit also includes a filter module, the filter module receives the original voltage from the power supply and filters the original voltage to output the input voltage, wherein the filter module includes a first output terminal and a second output terminal, the first output terminal outputs the input voltage, and the second output terminal is grounded.
  • the power switch module includes a first control unit, a first power switch tube, and a second power switch tube;
  • the first control unit includes an output pin and two control voltage signal pins, and the first power
  • the source of the switch tube is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the filter module, the drain of the first power switch tube is electrically connected to the drain of the second power switch tube, and the second power switch tube
  • the source of the tube is electrically connected to the output pin of the first control unit to output the first supply voltage;
  • the grid of the first power switch tube and the grid of the second power switch tube are respectively connected to Two corresponding control voltage signal pins of the first control unit are electrically connected to receive a control signal from the first control unit;
  • the first control unit also includes an enable signal pin, and the enable signal The pin is electrically connected to the on-board controller to receive the switch control signal from the on-board controller; wherein, the switch control signal controls turning on or off of the first power supply voltage.
  • the first power switch tube is an ideal diode
  • the second power switch tube is a diode-integrated MOSFET device.
  • the first control unit receives a switch control signal from the on-board controller indicating to turn off the first power supply voltage, control the power switch The module turns off the first supply voltage.
  • the power switch module also includes a first resistor and a second resistor
  • the first control unit also includes a first function pin, a second function pin, a third function pin and an overvoltage detection pin, Both the first function pin and the second function pin are electrically connected to the source of the first power switch tube; the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series and electrically connected to the third function pin and ground, and the third function pin is internally electrically connected to the second function pin, and the overvoltage detection pin is connected in series with the first resistor and the second resistor
  • the intermediate node is electrically connected to detect whether the input voltage is greater than a second threshold; wherein, when the input voltage is greater than the second threshold, if the first control unit does not receive a signal from the on-board controller Instructing to turn off the switch control signal of the first power supply voltage, the first control unit automatically controls the power switch module to turn off the first power supply voltage, wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold .
  • the power switch module also includes a first capacitor, and the first capacitor includes a first end and a second end; the first control unit also includes a fourth function pin, a fifth function pin and a sixth Function pins, the intermediate node between the first end of the first capacitor and the first power switch tube and the second power switch tube, the fourth function pin, and the fifth function pin Electrically connected, the second end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the sixth function pin of the first control unit, and is used to form a charge pump circuit to respectively raise the voltage of the first power switch tube.
  • the voltage of the control terminal and the voltage of the control terminal of the second power switch tube are used to form a charge pump circuit to respectively raise the voltage of the first power switch tube.
  • the voltage clamping module includes a TVS device, a voltage clamping control sub-circuit and a feedback unit; the TVS device is electrically connected between the first output terminal of the filtering module and ground; the voltage clamping The bit control sub-circuit is respectively electrically connected to the first output end of the filter module and the feedback unit, and is used to detect the magnitude of the input voltage and clamp the received input voltage to a preset voltage within a range, so as to output the second power supply voltage to the second power supply link; the feedback unit is used to feed back the magnitude of the second power supply voltage to the voltage clamp control sub-circuit.
  • the voltage clamp control sub-circuit includes a second control unit, the second control unit includes a switch assembly, the switch assembly includes a third power switch tube and a fourth power switch tube, and the third power switch The tube is electrically connected to the fourth power switch tube, and is used to clamp the received input voltage within a preset voltage range and to prevent the reverse connection of the DC voltage; wherein, the third power switch tube
  • the source of the filter unit is electrically connected to the first output end of the filter unit, the drain of the third power switch tube is electrically connected to the drain of the fourth power switch tube, and the drain of the fourth power switch tube
  • the source is electrically connected to the output pin of the second control unit to output the second power supply voltage to the second power supply link.
  • the second control unit also includes an undervoltage lockout pin, which is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the filter module, and is used to detect whether the input voltage is lower than the specified The threshold voltage at which the second control unit is turned on, and if the input voltage is lower than the threshold voltage at which the second control unit is turned on, the second control unit is automatically turned off.
  • the second control unit also includes: a slope setting pin, which is used to set the slope of the output internal voltage; a mode selection pin, which is used to select an overload error response mode; an RTN function pin, which is used as an internal control circuit A reference voltage; wherein, the mode selection pin is electrically connected to the RTN function pin.
  • the voltage clamp control sub-circuit further includes a second capacitor, one end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the slope setting pin, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to the mode selection pin and The RTN function pin is electrically connected.
  • the second control unit also includes a fault condition detection pin, which is used for external equipment to detect whether the second control unit fails; the fault condition detection pin is connected to the second control unit through a resistor the output pin.
  • the second control unit further includes a shutdown pin, which can be pulled low by triggering a low current, so that the device enters a low-power shutdown mode.
  • the second control unit also includes a current monitoring output pin; the current monitoring output pin is electrically connected to the RTN function pin through a resistor, and the current monitoring output pin is also connected to an external load monitor.
  • the second control unit further includes a limit current setting pin; the limit current setting pin is electrically connected to the RTN function pin through a resistor.
  • the feedback unit includes a third resistor, a fourth resistor and an overvoltage protection device, and the third resistor and the fourth resistor are connected in series to the output pin of the second control unit and the Between the RTN function pins, one end of the overvoltage protection device is electrically connected to the intermediate node after the third resistor and the fourth resistor are connected in series, and the other end of the overvoltage protection device is connected to the second control
  • the overvoltage protection signal pin of the unit is electrically connected, and is used for performing step-down protection on the second control unit when the DC voltage is too high.
  • the voltage clamping control sub-circuit further includes a third capacitor, one end of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the first output end of the filter module and the switch assembly, and the third capacitor The other end is grounded.
  • the feedback unit further includes a fourth capacitor, one end of the fourth capacitor is electrically connected to the output pin of the voltage clamp control sub-circuit, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle, comprising any one of the vehicle power supply circuits described above.
  • the first power supply voltage is output to the first power supply link
  • the second power supply voltage is output to the second power supply link, that is, the first power supply link and the second power supply link
  • the power switch module is connected to the on-board controller, and the on-board controller can directly trigger the power switch module to turn on or off the first power supply voltage through a switch control signal.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vehicle power supply circuit of prior art
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle power supply circuit in the prior art.
  • a transient voltage suppressor Transient Voltage Suppressors, TVS
  • TVS Transient Voltage Suppressors
  • the vehicle power supply circuit includes capacitor C1, capacitor C2, resistor R, transient voltage suppressor (TVS), anti-reverse diode D1, inductor L4, capacitor C3, capacitor C4 and control unit (Electronic Control Unit, ECU), wherein capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 are connected in series and electrically Between the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply, the resistor R is electrically connected to the anode of the anti-reverse diode D1, and one terminal of the transient voltage suppression device (TVS) is connected to the middle node between the resistor R and the anti-reverse diode D1.
  • TVS transient voltage suppressor
  • the other terminal of the voltage suppression device is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, one terminal of the inductor L4 is electrically connected to the cathode of the anti-reverse diode D1, and the other terminal of the inductor L4 is electrically connected to the control unit (ECU)
  • One terminal of the capacitor C3 is connected to the middle node of the anti-reverse diode D1 and the inductor L4, the other terminal of the capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND, and one terminal of the capacitor C4 is connected to the middle of the inductor L4 and the control unit node, and the other terminal of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the ground terminal GND.
  • the on-board power supply circuit in Figure 1 is composed of capacitor C1, capacitor C2, resistor R, transient voltage suppressor (TVS) and anti-reverse diode D1 to form an anti-surge circuit.
  • the anti-reverse diode D1 is not conducting, and the current passes through the resistor R and the transient voltage suppressor (TVS) to form a loop.
  • the control method of the above-mentioned technical solution is simple, it is only applicable to low current situations, because there is an anti-reverse diode D1 in the vehicle power supply circuit, and the anti-reverse diode D1 is a low-power device that cannot be used in a high-current circuit. Otherwise, it is easy to be broken down; moreover, when a high voltage is input at the input terminal (Vin), the anti-reverse diode D1 cannot be separated.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vehicle power supply circuit of the embodiment of the present invention includes a power switch module 100 and a voltage clamp module 200, and the power switch module 100 and the voltage clamp module 200 are both electrically connected to the power supply to receive input from the power supply voltage, the power switch module 100 outputs a first power supply voltage to the first power supply link based on the received input voltage; the voltage clamp module 200 clamps the received input voltage to a preset voltage range and output the second power supply voltage to the second power supply link, wherein the power switch module 100 is electrically connected with the on-board controller (Microcontroller Unit, MCU) to receive switch control from the on-board controller (MCU) signal, and control the first power supply voltage to be turned on or off based on the switch control signal.
  • MCU on-board controller
  • MCU on-board controller
  • the first power supply voltage is output to the first power supply link
  • the second power supply voltage is output to the second power supply link, that is, the first power supply link and the second power supply link
  • the links are independent of each other
  • the power switch module is electrically connected to the on-board controller
  • the on-board controller can directly trigger the power switch module to turn on or off the first power supply voltage through a switch control signal. Therefore, because the present invention adopts the method of separate control of the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage and independently controls the opening or closing of the first power supply voltage, it avoids the transient large current generated in the case of load dumping.
  • the damage of the level circuit provides a good power supply environment for the electronic equipment of the vehicle system.
  • the first power supply link is a link for supplying power to a vehicle-mounted power motor
  • the second power supply link is a link for supplying power to a vehicle-mounted logic circuit.
  • the first power supply voltage output by the first power supply link is used as the working voltage of high-power power equipment, such as power motors, etc.
  • the second power supply voltage output by the second power supply link is used as the working voltage of the vehicle logic circuit, for example: Logic control circuit, vehicle electronic equipment, information processing system, etc.
  • the vehicle power supply circuit also includes a filter module 300, the filter module 300 receives the original voltage from the power supply and filters the original voltage to output the input voltage, wherein the filter module 300 includes A first output terminal and a second output terminal, the first output terminal outputs the input voltage, and the second output terminal is grounded.
  • the filter module 300 mainly suppresses electromagnetic noise and clutter signals of the input power supply to prevent interference to the power supply, and also prevents high-frequency clutter generated by the power supply itself from interfering with subsequent circuits.
  • the filter module 300 can be realized by a conventional filter circuit, for example, a capacitor connected in parallel at both ends of the load resistance, or an inductor connected in series with the load, and various complex filter circuits composed of capacitors and inductors, which are not discussed in the present invention. limit.
  • the power switch module 100 includes a first control unit 101, a first power switch tube Q 1 , and a second power switch tube Q 2 ;
  • the first control unit 101 includes an output pin (OUT) and two control Voltage signal pins (DGATE and HGATE), the source of the first power switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the filter module 300, and the drain of the first power switch tube Q1 It is electrically connected to the drain of the second power switch tube Q2 , and the source of the second power switch tube Q2 is electrically connected to the output pin (OUT) of the first control unit 101 to output the The first power supply voltage; the gate of the first power switch Q1 and the gate of the second power switch Q2 are respectively connected to two corresponding control voltage signal pins of the first control unit 100 connected to receive a control signal from the first control unit 100; the first control unit 101 also includes an enable signal pin (EN), and the enable signal pin (EN) is connected to the vehicle controller ( MCU) is electrically connected to receive the switch control signal from the vehicle controller (M
  • the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 are electrically connected in mirror image symmetry, and the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 form a mirror current Since the drain and gate of the first power switch tube Q1 are connected to each other, as long as the input voltage VIN is greater than Vth1 (the threshold voltage of Q1 ) , the first power switch tube Q1 operates in saturation area, if the characteristics of the second power switch tube Q2 and the first power switch tube Q1 are the same, the output voltage V0 can be made large enough so that the second power switch tube Q2 is also in saturation area, with the help of the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 to form a mirror current source, which is similar to increasing the width-to-length ratio of the MOSFET switching device in the power switch module, which is beneficial to increase
  • the saturation current of the MOSFET switch device improves the current carrying capacity of the MOSFET switch device, and at the same time has a voltage clamping effect, preventing the power switch module 100
  • the first power switch tube Q 1 is an ideal diode
  • the second power switch tube Q 2 is a MOSFET switching device integrating a diode.
  • I DS source-drain current
  • V DS source-drain voltage
  • a load dump can occur when a load on the first link to which the source is supplying power is suddenly disconnected, at which point the other loads experience a surge in the supply voltage (eg greater than 60V) or a relatively high transient current (eg greater than 80A).
  • the first power switch tube Q1 is designed as an ideal diode, and the ideal diode has higher working efficiency than ordinary diodes, because, for ordinary diodes, positive When the conductor is turned on, the silicon tube has a voltage drop of about 0.7V, and the germanium tube has a voltage drop of about 0.2V.
  • this tube voltage drop is almost non-existent and can be used for reverse test circuits; and the ideal Compared with ordinary diodes, diodes are more sensitive to load dumps, and can clamp the large voltage input by the power supply to the boundary of its safe operating area to protect the subsequent circuit.
  • the received input voltage can be clamped within a preset voltage range and used to prevent the reverse connection of the DC voltage through the joint action of the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 , which can meet the load dump and anti-reverse requirements of the vehicle power supply circuit.
  • the turn-on and turn-off of the first power supply voltage can be independently controlled by the vehicle-mounted controller (MCU).
  • MCU vehicle-mounted controller
  • the first control unit 101 receives When receiving a switch control signal from the vehicle controller (MCU) indicating to turn off the first power supply voltage, the first power supply voltage is turned off by controlling the power switch module 100 .
  • the power switch module 100 can be controlled to turn off the first power supply voltage by directly operating the internal software of the vehicle controller (MCU), so as to avoid the impact of a large transient voltage.
  • the on-board controller (MCU) can be powered by the second power supply voltage as a logic power supply, the on-board controller (MCU) sends a switch control signal to the first control unit 101, and the enable signal (EN ) triggers the power switch module 100 to turn on to supply power to the first power supply link, and the low value of the enable signal (EN) triggers the power switch module 100 to turn off to cut off the power supply to the The first power supply link supplies power.
  • the on-vehicle controller MCU detects a vehicle failure (for example: power failure, system failure) or input voltage overvoltage, it will trigger the first control unit 101 to cut off the first power supply voltage.
  • the power switch module 100 also includes a first resistor R 1 and a second resistor R 2
  • the first control unit 101 also includes a first function pin (A), a second function pin (VSNS),
  • the third function pin (SW) and the overvoltage detection pin (OV), the first function pin (A) and the second function pin (VSNS) are connected to the first power switch tube Q1
  • the source is electrically connected;
  • the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series and electrically connected between the third function pin (SW) and ground, and the third function pin ( SW) is electrically connected to the second function pin (VSNS) inside the first control unit 101, and the overvoltage detection pin (OV) is connected to the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R 2.
  • the intermediate nodes connected in series are electrically connected to detect whether the input voltage is greater than the second threshold; wherein, when the input voltage is greater than the second threshold, if the first control unit 101 does not receive the input from the The on-board controller (MCU) instructs to turn off the switch control signal of the first power supply voltage, then the first control unit 101 controls the power switch module 100 to turn off the first power supply voltage by itself, wherein the The second threshold is greater than the first threshold.
  • MCU The on-board controller
  • the second function pin (VSNS) of the first control unit 101 is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the filter module 300, and the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are used as a voltage divider resistors, wherein the first resistor R1 is connected to the third function pin (SW) of the first control unit 101, and the second resistor R2 is grounded, so that the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected to
  • the input bus power supply voltage that is, the filtered DC voltage
  • OV overvoltage detection pin
  • the first control unit 101 is controlled to be turned off, so as to protect subsequent circuits from being damaged by high current.
  • the first control unit 101 is an integrated circuit (IC) chip including one or more circuits.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • the input voltage When the input voltage is greater than the first threshold, if the on-board controller (MCU) has not sent a switch control signal, that is, the on-board controller (MCU) has not been able to Controlling the power switch module 100 to turn off the first supply voltage, the input voltage will continue to increase and when the input voltage is greater than a second threshold (wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold) , the overvoltage detection pin (OV) of the first control unit 101 will detect that the input voltage is greater than the second threshold, and then perform a corresponding shutdown operation.
  • a second threshold wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold
  • the second threshold of the input voltage can be set according to the safe operating area (SOA) boundary value of the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 , through the first control unit 101 itself
  • SOA safe operating area
  • the carried overvoltage detection circuit controls the power switch module 100 to turn off the first power supply voltage. It should be understood that the first control unit 101 itself can monitor the overvoltage through the overvoltage detection circuit (hardware circuit), which can make up for the implementation of the load dump transient State overvoltage protection to further improve the safety of the vehicle power system.
  • the power switch module 100 also includes a first capacitor C 1 , the first capacitor C 1 includes a first end and a second end; the first control unit 101 also includes a fourth function pin (C) , the fifth function pin (VS) and the sixth function pin (CAP), the first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube
  • the middle node of Q2 , the fourth function pin (C) and the fifth function pin (VS) are electrically connected, and the second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first control unit
  • the sixth function pin (CAP) of 101 is electrically connected to form a charge pump circuit to respectively raise the voltage of the control terminal of the first power switch tube Q1 and control the second power switch tube Q2 . terminal voltage.
  • the gate of the first power switch Q1 is electrically connected to a control voltage signal pin (DGATE) on the first control unit 101 and the gate of the second power switch Q2 It is electrically connected with another control voltage signal pin (HGATE) on the first control unit 101 .
  • DGATE control voltage signal pin
  • HGATE control voltage signal pin
  • the first capacitor C 1 starts charging, that is, the first power switch tube Q 1 , the fourth function pin (C) and the fifth function pin
  • the pin (VS) charges the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 .
  • the sixth function pin (CAP) is a capture pin
  • the sixth function pin (CAP) is electrically connected to the second end of the first capacitor C1
  • the sixth function pin (CAP) Outputting a high level to control the charging of the first capacitor C1 , so that the positive voltage terminal V CAP of the first capacitor C1 for energy storage slowly rises to approach the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q1
  • the turn-on voltage of the power switch tube Q2 Even when the on-vehicle power supply is powered off, V CAP acts as VIN to continuously supply power to the powered system (first power supply link), and the work of the first power supply link can continue to be maintained.
  • both the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 are N-type channel MOSFETs, when the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q When the gate of 2 is input with a high level, due to the existence of the first capacitor C1 , the voltages of DGATE and HGATE are raised, so that the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 can be is turned on, the filtered power supply voltage is input to the source of the first power switch tube Q1, and the first capacitor C1 is connected to the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2 The middle node of the first capacitor C 1 continues to be charged, and the second end of the first capacitor C 1 is electrically connected to the sixth function pin (CAP) of the first control unit 101 to store The positive voltage terminal V
  • the voltage clamp module 200 includes a TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor, transient voltage suppressor diode) device 210, a voltage clamp control subcircuit 220 and a feedback unit 230; the TVS device 210 Electrically connected between the first output terminal of the filter module 300 and ground (GND), the voltage clamp control subcircuit 220 is connected to the first output terminal of the filter module 300 and the feedback
  • the unit 230 is electrically connected to detect the magnitude of the input voltage and clamp the received input voltage within a preset voltage range, so as to output the second power supply voltage to the second power supply link;
  • the feedback unit 230 is configured to feed back the magnitude of the second power supply voltage to the voltage clamp control sub-circuit 220 .
  • the TVS device 210 is connected in parallel with the voltage clamp control sub-circuit 220, the TVS device 210 is composed of one or more TVS transistors, one pole of the TVS transistor is connected to the first output end of the filter module Electrically connected, the other pole of the TVS device is grounded.
  • the working principle of the TVS device 210 is: the TVS device 210 is connected in parallel in the voltage clamping control sub-circuit 220, when the circuit works normally, it is in the cut-off state (high impedance state), which does not affect the normal operation of the circuit.
  • the circuit When the circuit has an abnormal load dump overvoltage and reaches its breakdown voltage, that is, when the two poles of the TVS tube are subjected to an instantaneous high-energy impact, it can turn its two poles at a very high speed (up to 1/(10 ⁇ 12) seconds).
  • the high impedance between the two poles is suddenly reduced to a low impedance, absorbing up to several thousand watts of surge power (large current), and clamping the voltage between the two poles at a predetermined value, thereby ensuring that the subsequent circuit components are protected from transient high energy damaged by the impact.
  • the load dump abnormal overvoltage disappears, it returns to a high-impedance state, and the circuit works normally.
  • the ground is turned on and released. Since the normal signal voltage generally does not reach the turn-on voltage of the TVS device 210, no loss will be generated by turning on the ground , and in the case of a load dump, the output voltage generally exceeds the turn-on voltage of the TVS device 210, which will cause the TVS device 210 to turn on, and the surge voltage (large current) will be released through the ground, thereby protecting the subsequent stage circuit without damaging electronic equipment connected to the second link.
  • the TVS device 210 is a bidirectional TVS transistor, so as to prevent damage to the components of the downstream circuit caused by high alternating current.
  • the voltage clamp control sub-circuit 220 includes a second control unit 221, and the second control unit 221 includes a switch assembly, and the switch assembly includes a third power switch tube Q3 and a fourth power switch tube Q4 , the third power switch tube Q3 and the fourth power switch tube Q3 are electrically connected to clamp the received input voltage within a preset voltage range and to prevent reverse DC voltage connected; wherein, the source of the third power switch tube Q3 is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the filter unit 300, and the drain of the third power switch tube Q3 is connected to the fourth power The drain of the switching tube Q4 is electrically connected, and the source of the fourth power switching tube Q4 is electrically connected to the output pin (OUT) of the second control unit 221 to output to the second power supply link the second supply voltage.
  • the third power switch tube Q3 and the fourth power switch tube Q4 are electrically connected in mirror image symmetry, and the third power switch tube Q3 and the fourth power switch tube Q4 form a mirror current source,
  • the third power switch tube Q1 and the fourth power switch tube Q2 form a mirror current source, it is similar to increasing the width-to-length ratio of the MOSFET switching device in the second control unit 221, which is beneficial to increase
  • the saturation current of the MOSFET switching device improves the current carrying capacity of the MOSFET switching device, and at the same time has a voltage clamping effect, preventing the second control unit 221 from being damaged by instantaneous large current breakdown.
  • the received input voltage can be clamped within a preset voltage range and used to prevent the reverse connection of the DC voltage through the joint action of the third power switch tube Q3 and the fourth power switch tube Q4 .
  • the second control unit 221 also includes an undervoltage lockout pin (UVLO), and the undervoltage lockout pin (UVLO) is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the filter module 300 for detecting Whether the input voltage is lower than the threshold voltage at which the second control unit 221 is turned on, and if the input voltage is lower than the threshold voltage at which the second control unit 221 is turned on, the second control unit 221 is automatically turned off .
  • UVLO undervoltage lockout pin
  • the second control unit 221 also includes: a slope setting pin (dvdT), used to set the slope of the output internal voltage; a mode selection pin (MODE), used for overload error response mode selection; RTN function The pin is used as a reference voltage of the internal control circuit; wherein, the mode selection (MODE) pin is electrically connected to the RTN function pin.
  • a slope setting pin dvdT
  • MODE mode selection pin
  • RTN function The pin is used as a reference voltage of the internal control circuit
  • the mode selection (MODE) pin is electrically connected to the RTN function pin.
  • the RTN function pin can be used for grounding, and the mode selection pin (MODE) and the RTN function pin are electrically connected to on the same node.
  • the voltage clamp control sub-circuit 220 also includes a second capacitor (C dvdT ), one end of the second capacitor (C dvdT ) is electrically connected to the slope setting pin (dvdT), and the second The other end of the capacitor (C dvdT ) is electrically connected to the mode selection (MODE) pin and the RTN function pin.
  • C dvdT a second capacitor
  • MODE mode selection
  • the second control unit 221 also includes a fault condition detection pin (FLT), which is used for external equipment to detect whether the second control unit fails; the fault condition detection pin (FLT) is passed through a resistor R FLTb connected to the output pin of the second control unit.
  • FLT fault condition detection pin
  • the second control unit 221 also includes a shutdown pin (SHDN), and the shutdown pin (SHDN) can be pulled down through a low current trigger, so that the device enters a low power shutdown mode.
  • SHDN shutdown pin
  • the second control unit 221 also includes a current monitoring output pin (IMON); the current monitoring output pin (IMON) is electrically connected to the RTN function pin via a resistor R IMON , and the current monitoring The output pin (IMON) is also connected to an external load monitor (Load Monitor).
  • the resistance R IMON is 5.36K ⁇ . It should be noted that the resistance R IMON connected between the current monitoring output pin (IMON) and the RTN function pin can convert the current into a proportional voltage is monitored. In addition, the current monitor output pin (IMON) can be left floating if it is not used.
  • the second control unit 221 also includes a limit current setting pin (ILIM); the limit current setting pin (ILIM) is electrically connected to the RTN function pin through a resistor R ILIM .
  • the resistor R ILIM is 20K ⁇ . It should be noted that the resistor R ILIM connected from the limiting current setting pin (ILIM) to the RTN function pin can be used for overload and short-circuit current limiting.
  • the feedback unit 230 includes a third resistor R 3 , a fourth resistor R 4 and an overvoltage protection device, the third resistor R 3 and the fourth resistor R 4 are connected in series and electrically connected to the second Between the output pin of the control unit 221 and the RTN function pin, one end of the overvoltage protection device is electrically connected to the middle node after the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are connected in series, so The other end of the overvoltage protection device is electrically connected to the overvoltage protection signal (OVP) pin of the second control unit 221, and is used for step-down protection of the second control unit 221 when the DC voltage is too high .
  • OVP overvoltage protection signal
  • the voltage clamp control sub-circuit 220 further includes a third capacitor, one end of the third capacitor (C IN ) is electrically connected to the first output end of the filter module 300 and the switch assembly, The other end of the third capacitor (C IN ) is grounded.
  • the third capacitor (C IN ) is used for filtering the input DC voltage.
  • the feedback unit 230 further includes a fourth capacitor (C OUT ), one end of the fourth capacitor (C OUT ) is electrically connected to the output pin of the voltage clamp control sub-circuit, and the fourth capacitor The other end is grounded.
  • the fourth capacitor (C OUT ) is used to filter the output DC voltage.
  • the first power supply voltage is output to the first power supply link
  • the second power supply voltage is output to the second power supply link, that is, the first power supply link and the second power supply link
  • the links are independent of each other;
  • the power switch module is electrically connected to the on-board controller, wherein the on-board controller can directly trigger the power switch module to turn on or off the first power supply voltage through a switch control signal.
  • the first power supply voltage and the second power supply voltage are separated, and the first power supply voltage is independently controlled to be turned on or off, the transient large current generated in the case of load dumping is avoided. Therefore, it can meet the load-dumping and anti-reverse requirements of the on-board power supply circuit, and provide a good power supply environment for the electronic equipment of the on-board system.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a vehicle, which includes any of the above-mentioned vehicle power supply circuits.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed to multiple network elements. Part or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. It can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.
  • each implementation can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course also by hardware.
  • the essence of the above technical solution or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic discs, optical discs, etc., including several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

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Abstract

一种车载供电电路，包括功率开关模块（100）和电压钳位模块（200），功率开关模块（100）和电压钳位模块（200）均与电源电连接，以接收来自电源的输入电压；功率开关模块（100）基于接收到的输入电压向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压；电压钳位模块（200）将接收到的输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内并向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压；其中，功率开关模块（100）与车载控制器电连接，车载控制器可直接通过开关控制信号触发该功率开关模块（100）开通或关断第一供电电压。

Description

车载供电电路及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车电子控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种车载供电电路及车辆。
背景技术
车辆的逻辑电路(例如电子控制单元、信息处理系统及其他用电设备)以及动力马达均连接至车载电源(例如车载电池或发电机)上。由于车辆的工作环境比较复杂，会受到温度、工况等条件的影响，车载电源的输出电压会出现波动。其中，抛负载是指断开电源与负载的瞬间，由于负载突变而引起电源电压急剧的变化，抛负载可能引起两类问题：1.对电子产品设备的供电失效，2.感性发电机产生大电压尖峰。
在车载电源发生抛负载情况下，其会输出大电压尖峰，从而使得其它连接到该电源的用电设备受到损害。例如，交流发电机(内部包含感性线圈和整流器)对蓄电池进行大电流充电时，这时如果突然断开蓄电池，由于感性器件的电流无法突变，将引起交流发电机输出电压急剧上升，此电压尖峰可达120V，并需要持续400ms后消退。
发明内容
本发明提供一种车载供电电路及车辆，确保在抛负载瞬态过压后，汽车电子设备不会受到损害，并且满足防反要求。
本发明提供了一种车载供电电路，所述车载供电电路包括功率开关模块、电压钳位模块，所述功率开关模块和电压钳位模块均与电源电连接，以接收来自所述电源的输入电压；所述功率开关模块基于接收到的所述输入电压向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压；所述电压钳 位模块将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内并向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压；其中，所述功率开关模块与车载控制器电连接，以接收来自所述车载控制器的开关控制信号，并基于所述开关控制信号控制所述第一供电电压的开通或关断。
进一步地，所述第一供电链路是向车载动力马达供电的链路，所述第二供电链路是向车载逻辑电路供电的链路。
进一步地，所述车载供电电路还包括滤波模块，所述滤波模块接收来自所述电源的原始电压并对所述原始电压进行滤波以输出所述输入电压，其中，所述滤波模块包括第一输出端和第二输出端，所述第一输出端输出所述输入电压，所述第二输出端接地。
进一步地，所述功率开关模块包括第一控制单元、第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管；所述第一控制单元包括输出引脚和两个控制电压信号引脚，所述第一功率开关管的源极与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端电连接，所述第一功率开关管的漏极与所述第二功率开关管的漏极电连接，所述第二功率开关管的源极与所述第一控制单元的输出引脚电连接，以输出所述第一供电电压；所述第一功率开关管的栅极以及所述第二功率开关管的栅极分别与所述第一控制单元的两个对应的控制电压信号引脚电连接，以从所述第一控制单元接收控制信号；所述第一控制单元还包括使能信号引脚，所述使能信号引脚与所述车载控制器电连接，以接收来自所述车载控制器的所述开关控制信号；其中，所述开关控制信号控制所述第一供电电压的开通或关断。
进一步地，所述第一功率开关管是理想二极管，所述第二功率开关管是集成二极管的MOSEFET器件。
进一步地，在所述输入电压大于第一阈值时，若所述第一控制单元接收到来自所述车载控制器的指示关断所述第一供电电压的开关控制信号，则控制所述功率开关模块关断所述第一供电电压。
进一步地，所述功率开关模块还包括第一电阻和第二电阻，所述 第一控制单元还包括第一功能引脚、第二功能引脚、第三功能引脚以及过压检测引脚，所述第一功能引脚和所述第二功能引脚均与所述第一功率开关管的源极电连接；所述第一电阻和所述第二电阻串联后电连接于所述第三功能引脚和接地之间，并且所述第三功能引脚与所述第二功能引脚内部电连接，所述过压检测引脚与所述第一电阻和所述第二电阻串联后的中间节点电连接，用于检测所述输入电压是否大于第二阈值；其中，在所述输入电压大于所述第二阈值时，若所述第一控制单元未接收到来自所述车载控制器的指示关断所述第一供电电压的开关控制信号，则所述第一控制单元自行控制所述功率开关模块关断所述第一供电电压，其中，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值。
进一步地，所述功率开关模块还包括第一电容，所述第一电容包括第一端和第二端；所述第一控制单元还包括第四功能引脚、第五功能引脚和第六功能引脚，所述第一电容的所述第一端与所述第一功率开关管和所述第二功率开关管的中间节点、所述第四功能引脚以及所述第五功能引脚电连接，所述第一电容的所述第二端与所述第一控制单元的所述第六功能引脚电连接，用于形成电荷泵电路以分别抬高所述第一功率开关管的控制端的电压以及所述第二功率开关管的控制端的电压。
进一步地，所述电压钳位模块包括TVS器件、电压钳位控制子电路和反馈单元；所述TVS器件电连接于所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端和接地之间；所述电压钳位控制子电路分别与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端和所述反馈单元电连接，用于检测所述输入电压的大小并将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内，以向所述第二供电链路输出所述第二供电电压；所述反馈单元用于向所述电压钳位控制子电路反馈所述第二供电电压的大小。
进一步地，所述电压钳位控制子电路包括第二控制单元，所述第二控制单元包括开关组件，所述开关组件包括第三功率开关管和第四 功率开关管，所述第三功率开关管和所述第四功率开关管电连接，用于将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内以及用于防止直流电压的反接；其中，所述第三功率开关管的源极与所述滤波单元的所述第一输出端电连接，所述第三功率开关管的漏极与所述第四功率开关管的漏极电连接，所述第四功率开关管的源极与所述第二控制单元的输出引脚电连接，以向所述第二供电链路输出所述第二供电电压。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元还包括欠压锁定引脚，所述欠压锁定引脚与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端电连接，用于检测所述输入电压是否低于所述第二控制单元开启的门限电压，并且若所述输入电压低于所述第二控制单元开启的门限电压，则所述第二控制单元自行关断。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元还包括：斜率设置引脚，用于设置输出的内部电压的斜率；模式选择引脚，用于进行过载错误响应模式选择；RTN功能引脚，作为内部控制电路的参考电压；其中，所述模式选择引脚与所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
进一步地，所述电压钳位控制子电路还包括第二电容，所述第二电容的一端与所述斜率设置引脚电连接，所述第二电容的另一端与所述模式选择引脚及所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元还包括故障状况检测引脚，用于外部设备检测所述第二控制单元是否发生故障；所述故障状况检测引脚通过电阻连接至所述第二控制单元的所述输出引脚。
进一步地，述第二控制单元还包括关断引脚，所述关断引脚能够经由低电流的触发而被拉低，以使设备进入低功耗关机模式。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元还包括电流监控输出引脚；所述电流监控输出引脚经由电阻与所述RTN功能引脚电连接，并且所述电流监控输出引脚还连接至外部的负载监视器。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元还包括极限电流设置引脚；所述极限电流设置引脚经由电阻与所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
进一步地，所述反馈单元包括第三电阻、第四电阻和过压保护器件，所述第三电阻和所述第四电阻串联后电连接于所述第二控制单元的输出引脚和所述RTN功能引脚之间，所述过压保护器件的一端与所述第三电阻和所述第四电阻串联后的中间节点电连接，所述过压保护器件的另一端与所述第二控制单元的过压保护信号引脚电连接，用于当直流电压过高时，对所述第二控制单元进行降压保护。
进一步地，所述电压钳位控制子电路还包括第三电容，所述第三电容的一端与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端以及所述开关组件电连接，所述第三电容的另一端接地。
进一步地，所述反馈单元还包括第四电容，所述第四电容的一端与所述电压钳位控制子电路的输出脚电连接，所述第四电容的另一端接地。
本发明还提供一种车辆，包括上述任一种所述的车载供电电路。
在本发明实施例提供的车载供电电路及车辆中，向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压，向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压，即第一供电链路和第二供电链路之间相互独立控制，此外，功率开关模块与车载控制器连接，车载控制器可直接通过开关控制信号触发功率开关模块开通或关断第一供电电压。由上可见，由于本发明采用第一供电电压和第二供电电压分离控制的方式，避免了在抛负载的情况下产生的瞬态大电流对后级电路的损毁，为车载系统的电子设备提供了良好的供电环境。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术 人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的实施方式。
图1是现有技术的车载供电电路的示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的车载供电电路的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。
图1是现有技术的车载供电电路的示意图。目前大部分供电电路都是通过一个瞬态电压抑制器件(Transient Voltage Suppressors，TVS)进行抛负载等工况下的瞬态电压抑制的，如图1所示，该车载供电电路包括电容C1、电容C2、电阻R、瞬态电压抑制器件(TVS)、防反向二极管D1、电感L4、电容C3、电容C4以及控制单元(Electronic Control Unit，ECU)，其中，电容C1和电容C2串联并电连接于电源的正极与负极之间，电阻R与防反向二极管D1的阳极电连接，瞬态电压抑制器件(TVS)的一侧端子接于电阻R与防反向二极管D1的中间节点，瞬态电压抑制器件(TVS)的另一侧端子与接地端子GND电连接，电感L4的一侧端子与防反向二极管D1的阴极电连接，电感L4的另一侧端子与控制单元(ECU)电连接，电容C3的一侧端子接于防反向二极管D1和电感L4的中间节点，电容C3的另一侧端子与接地端子GND电连接，电容C4的一侧端子接于电感L4和控制 单元的中间节点，电容C4的另一侧端子与接地端子GND电连接。
图1中的车载供电电路，由电容C1、电容C2、电阻R、瞬态电压抑制器件(TVS)以及防反向二极管D1组成抗浪涌电路，在起机的瞬间，由于C3、C4的存在，防反向二极管D1不导通，电流经电阻R与瞬态电压抑制器件(TVS)构成回路。虽然上述技术方案的控制方法简单，但是仅适用于低电流的情形，原因是该车载供电电路中存在防反向二极管D1，该防反向二极管D1是低功率器件不能应用在大电流电路中，否则容易被击穿；而且，当在输入端(Vin)输入高电压时，该防反向二极管D1也不能够被分离。
图2是本发明实施例提供的车载供电电路的示意图。如图2所示，本发明实施例的车载供电电路包括功率开关模块100和电压钳位模块200，所述功率开关模块100和电压钳位模块200均与电源电连接，以接收来自电源的输入电压，所述功率开关模块100基于接收到的所述输入电压向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压；所述电压钳位模块200将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内并向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压，其中，所述功率开关模块100与车载控制器(Microcontroller Unit，MCU)电连接，以接收来自所述车载控制器(MCU)的开关控制信号，并基于所述开关控制信号控制所述第一供电电压的开通或关断。
由上可见，在本发明实施例提供的车载供电电路中，向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压，向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压，即第一供电链路和第二供电链路之间相互独立，功率开关模块与车载控制器电连接，车载控制器可直接通过开关控制信号触发功率开关模块开通或关断第一供电电压。由此，由于本发明采用第一供电电压和第二供电电压分离控制的方式并且独立控制第一供电电压的开通或关断，故避免了在抛负载的情况下产生的瞬态大电流对后级电路的损毁，为车载系统的电子设备提供了良好的供电环境。
示例性地，所述第一供电链路是向车载动力马达供电的链路，所述第二供电链路是向车载逻辑电路供电的链路。由第一供电链路输出的第一供电电压作为大功率的动力设备的工作电压，例如：动力马达等，由第二供电链路的输出第二供电电压作为车载逻辑电路的工作电压，例如：逻辑控制电路、车载电子设备、信息处理系统等。
进一步地，所述车载供电电路还包括滤波模块300，所述滤波模块300接收来自所述电源的原始电压并对所述原始电压进行滤波以输出所述输入电压，其中，所述滤波模块300包括第一输出端和第二输出端，所述第一输出端输出所述输入电压，所述第二输出端接地。其中，所述滤波模块300主要是对输入电源的电磁噪声及杂波信号进行抑制，防止对电源干扰，同时也防止电源本身产生的高频杂波对后级电路的干扰。所述滤波模块300可以采用常规的滤波电路实现，例如在负载电阻两端并联电容器，或与负载串联电感器，以及由电容和电感组合而成的各种复式滤波电路，本发明在此不做限制。
进一步地，所述功率开关模块100包括第一控制单元101、第一功率开关管Q 1、第二功率开关管Q 2；所述第一控制单元101包括输出引脚(OUT)和两个控制电压信号引脚(DGATE和HGATE)，所述第一功率开关管Q 1的源极与所述滤波模块300的所述第一输出端电连接，所述第一功率开关管Q 1的漏极与所述第二功率开关管Q 2的漏极电连接，所述第二功率开关管Q 2的源极与所述第一控制单元101的输出引脚(OUT)电连接，以输出所述第一供电电压；所述第一功率开关管Q 1的栅极以及所述第二功率开关管Q 2的栅极分别与所述第一控制单元100的两个对应的控制电压信号引脚电连接，以从所述第一控制单元100接收控制信号；所述第一控制单元101还包括使能信号引脚(EN)，所述使能信号引脚(EN)与所述车载控制器(MCU)电连接，以接收来自所述车载控制器(MCU)的所述开关控制信号；其中，所述开关控制信号控制所述第一供电电压的开通或关断。
具体地，所述第一功率开关管Q 1与所述第二功率开关管Q 2呈镜像对称电连接，所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2构成镜像电流源，由于所述第一功率开关管Q 1的漏极和栅极两极相连，故只要输入的电压VIN大于Vth1(Q 1的阈值电压)，则所述第一功率开关管Q 1运行于饱和区，若所述第二功率开关管Q 2与所述第一功率开关管Q 1的特性相同，则可使输出的电压V 0足够大，以至于使第二功率开关管Q 2也处于饱和区，借助所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2构成镜像电流源，近似于增大所述功率开关模块中的MOSEFET开关器件的宽长比，有利于增大MOSEFET开关器件的饱和电流，提高MOSEFET开关器件的电流承载能力，同时具有电压钳制作用，防止所述功率开关模块100被瞬间的大电流击穿损毁。
进一步地，所述第一功率开关管Q 1是理想二极管，所述第二功率开关管Q 2是集成二极管的MOSEFET开关器件。需要说明的是，当第一功率开关管Q 1从施加的电压和电流中积累能量时，其源极-漏极电流(I DS)和源极-漏极电压(V DS)需要保持在安全操作区(SOA)边界内。当电源正在向其供电的第一链路上的负载突然断开连接时，可能发生负载突降，此时其他负载会遇到电源电压的浪涌(例如大于60V)或者相当高的瞬态电流(例如大于80A)。示例性地，在本申请的一个实施方式中，将所述第一功率开关管Q 1设计为理想二极管，该理想二极管具有比普通二极管更高的工作效率，原因是，对于普通的二极管，正向导通时，硅管有0.7V左右的压降，锗管有0.2V左右的压降，而对于理想二极管，这个管压降是几乎是不存在的，能够用于逆反测试电路；且该理想二极管相比于普通的二极管在负载突降时表现更加灵敏，能够将电源输入的大电压钳制到其安全操作区边界内，以保护后级电路。由此，通过上述第一功率开关管Q 1和第二功率开关管Q 2的共同作用能够将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内以及用于防止直流电压的反接，能够满足车载供电电路的抛负 载和防反要求。
此外，在本实施例中，可以通过车载控制器(MCU)单独控制所述第一供电电压的开通与关断，在所述输入电压大于第一阈值时，若所述第一控制单元101接收到来自所述车载控制器(MCU)的指示关断所述第一供电电压的开关控制信号，则通过控制所述功率开关模块100关断所述第一供电电压。此时，可直接借助所述车载控制器(MCU)的内部软件操作，控制所述功率开关模块100关断所述第一供电电压，以避免瞬态大电压的冲击。其中，所述车载控制器(MCU)可以由作为逻辑电源的第二供电电压来供电，所述车载控制器(MCU)向所述第一控制单元101发送开关控制信号，该使能信号(EN)的高值触发所述功率开关模块100导通，以向所述第一供电链路供电，该使能信号(EN)的低值触发所述功率开关模块100关断，以切断向所述第一供电链路供电。此外，若所述车载控制器MCU检测到车辆故障(例如：电源故障、系统故障)或者输入电压过压时，都会触发所述第一控制单元101关断所述第一供电电压。
进一步地，所述功率开关模块100还包括第一电阻R 1和第二电阻R 2，所述第一控制单元101还包括第一功能引脚(A)、第二功能引脚(VSNS)、第三功能引脚(SW)以及过压检测引脚(OV)，所述第一功能引脚(A)和所述第二功能引脚(VSNS)均与所述第一功率开关管Q 1的源极电连接；所述第一电阻R 1和所述第二电阻R 2串联后电连接于所述第三功能引脚(SW)和接地之间，并且所述第三功能引脚(SW)与所述第二功能引脚(VSNS)在所述第一控制单元101内部电连接，所述过压检测引脚(OV)与所述第一电阻R 1和所述第二电阻R 2串联后的中间节点电连接，用于检测所述输入电压是否大于第二阈值；其中，在所述输入电压大于所述第二阈值时，若所述第一控制单元101未接收到来自所述车载控制器(MCU)的指示关断所述第一供电电压的开关控制信号，则所述第一控制单元101 自行控制所述功率开关模块100关断所述第一供电电压，其中，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值。
具体地，所述第一控制单元101的第二功能引脚(VSNS)与滤波模块300的第一输出端电连接，所述第一电阻R 1和所述第二电阻R 2用作分压电阻，其中，第一电阻R 1连接所述第一控制单元101的所述第三功能引脚(SW)，第二电阻R 2接地，从而通过第一电阻R 1和第二电阻R 2对输入的母线电源电压(也即滤波后的直流电压)进行分压，得到采样电压，并利用第一控制单元101的过压检测引脚(OV)对该采样电压进行监测，一旦监测到输入的电源电压过高，则控制所述第一控制单元101关断，以保护后级的电路，避免被大电流损毁。在图2中，所述第一控制单元101是包括一个或多个电路的集成电路(IC)芯片，可替换地，可以使用硬件逻辑、机器可读指令、硬件实现的状态机和/或其任何组合来实现第一控制单元101。
在所述输入电压大于第一阈值时，若所述车载控制器(MCU)一直未发送开关控制信号，即所述车载控制器(MCU)在所述输入电压已大于第一阈值时一直未能控制所述功率开关模块100关断所述第一供电电压，则所述输入电压会持续升高并在所述输入电压大于第二阈值(其中，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值)时，所述第一控制单元101的过压检测引脚(OV)会监测出所述输入电压已大于第二阈值，随之进行相应的关断操作。具体地，可根据所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的安全操作区(SOA)边界值设置输入电压的第二阈值，通过所述第一控制单元101自身携带的过压检测电路(硬件电路)，实现控制所述功率开关模块100关断所述第一供电电压。应当理解的是，所述第一控制单元101自身能够通过所述过压检测电路(硬件电路)监测过压，可弥补在所述车载控制器(MCU)检测故障的情况下，实施抛负载瞬态过压保护，以进一步提高车辆电源系统的安全性。
进一步地，所述功率开关模块100还包括第一电容C 1，所述第一电容C 1包括第一端和第二端；所述第一控制单元101还包括第四功能引脚(C)、第五功能引脚(VS)和第六功能引脚(CAP)，所述第一电容C 1的所述第一端与所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的中间节点、所述第四功能引脚(C)以及所述第五功能引脚(VS)电连接，所述第一电容C 1的所述第二端与所述第一控制单元101的所述第六功能引脚(CAP)电连接，用于形成电荷泵电路以分别抬高所述第一功率开关管Q 1的控制端的电压以及所述第二功率开关管Q 2的控制端的电压。
示例性地，所述第一功率开关管Q 1的栅极与所述第一控制单元101上的一个控制电压信号引脚(DGATE)电连接以及所述第二功率开关管Q 2的栅极与所述第一控制单元101上的另一个控制电压信号引脚(HGATE)电连接。
在本发明实施例中，当所述第一控制单元101上电时，第一电容C 1开始充电，即所述第一功率开关管Q 1、第四功能引脚(C)以及第五功能引脚(VS)向所述第一电容C 1的第一端充电。所述第六功能引脚(CAP)是捕获引脚，所述第六功能引脚(CAP)与所述第一电容C 1的第二端电连接，所述第六功能引脚(CAP)输出高电平以控制第一电容C 1的充电，从而使储能的第一电容C 1的电压正极端V CAP慢慢升高到接近所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的开启电压。即使当该车载供电电源掉电时，由V CAP充当VIN持续给被供电系统(第一供电链路)供电，也能继续维持第一供电链路的工作。
基于平板电容的两级效应，所述第一电容C 1开始充电后，所述第一控制单元101的控制电压信号引脚DGATE和控制电压信号引脚HGATE的电压不断被抬高。示例性地，所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2均为N型沟道MOSFET，当所述第一功率开关 管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的栅极被输入高电平时，由于第一电容C 1的存在，DGATE和HGATE的电压被抬高，使得所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2能够被导通，经滤波后的电源电压输入至所述第一功率开关管Q 1的源极，第一电容C 1接于所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的中间节点，第一电容C 1的第一端继续被充电，第一电容C 1的第二端与所述第一控制单元101的所述第六功能引脚(CAP)电连接，将储能的第一电容C 1的电压正极端V CAP慢慢升高到接近所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的开启电压，以实现所述第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2的开启(导通)。可替代地，也可以使用一个或者多个P型沟道的MOSFET来代替第一功率开关管Q 1和所述第二功率开关管Q 2，本发明在此不做限制。
进一步地，在本发明实施例中，所述电压钳位模块200包括TVS(Transient Voltage Suppressor，瞬态电压抑制二极管)器件210、电压钳位控制子电路220和反馈单元230；所述TVS器件210电连接于所述滤波模块300的所述第一输出端和接地(GND)之间，所述电压钳位控制子电路220分别与所述滤波模块300的所述第一输出端和所述反馈单元230电连接，用于检测所述输入电压的大小并将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内，以向所述第二供电链路输出所述第二供电电压；所述反馈单元230用于向所述电压钳位控制子电路220反馈所述第二供电电压的大小。
具体地，所述TVS器件210与所述电压钳位控制子电路220并联，所述TVS器件210由一个或者多个TVS管组成，该TVS管的一极与所述滤波模块的第一输出端电连接，该TVS器件的另一极接地。该TVS器件210的工作原理是：将该TVS器件210并联于所述电压钳位控制子电路220中，当电路正常工作时，它处于截止状态(高阻态)，不影响线路正常工作，当电路出现抛负载异常过压并达到其击 穿电压时，即TVS管两极经受瞬间的高能量冲击时，它能以极高的速度(最高达1/(10^12)秒)，将其两极间的高阻抗骤然降低为低阻抗，吸收高达数千瓦的浪涌功率(大电流)，使两极间的电压箝位在一个预定的数值上，从而确保后面的电路元器件免受瞬态高能量的冲击而损坏。当抛负载异常过压消失时，其恢复至高阻态，电路正常工作。当电压超过所述TVS器件210的导通电压的时候，就导通接地释放掉，由于正常信号电压一般不会达到所述TVS器件210的导通电压，所以不会通过导通地而产生损耗，而在负载突降的情形下，输出电压一般超过所述TVS器件210导通电压，会使所述TVS器件210发生导通，浪涌电压(大电流)通过接地释放掉，从而保护后级电路，且不损害与第二链路上接通的电子设备。可选地，所述TVS器件210为双向TVS管，以防止交流大电流对后级电路的元器件造成损坏。
进一步地，所述电压钳位控制子电路220包括第二控制单元221，所述第二控制单元221包括开关组件，所述开关组件包括第三功率开关管Q 3和第四功率开关管Q 4，所述第三功率开关管Q 3和所述第四功率开关管Q 3电连接，用于将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内以及用于防止直流电压的反接；其中，所述第三功率开关管Q 3的源极与所述滤波单元300的所述第一输出端电连接，所述第三功率开关管Q 3的漏极与所述第四功率开关管Q 4的漏极电连接，所述第四功率开关管Q 4的源极与所述第二控制单元221的输出引脚(OUT)电连接，以向所述第二供电链路输出所述第二供电电压。
同样地，所述第三功率开关管Q 3和第四功率开关管Q 4呈镜像对称电连接，所述第三功率开关管Q 3和所述第四功率开关管Q 4构成镜像电流源，借助所述第三功率开关管Q 1和所述第四功率开关管Q 2构成镜像电流源，近似于增大所述第二控制单元221中的MOSEFET开关器件的宽长比，有利于增大MOSEFET开关器件的饱和电流，提高MOSEFET开关器件的电流承载能力，同时具有电压钳制作用，防止 所述第二控制单元221被瞬间的大电流击穿损毁。由此，通过上述第三功率开关管Q 3和第四功率开关管Q 4的共同作用能够将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内以及用于防止直流电压的反接。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元221还包括欠压锁定引脚(UVLO)，所述欠压锁定引脚(UVLO)与所述滤波模块300的所述第一输出端电连接，用于检测所述输入电压是否低于所述第二控制单元221开启的门限电压，并且若所述输入电压低于所述第二控制单元开启221的门限电压，则所述第二控制单元221自行关断。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元221还包括：斜率设置引脚(dvdT)，用于设置输出的内部电压的斜率；模式选择引脚(MODE)，用于进行过载错误响应模式选择；RTN功能引脚，作为内部控制电路的参考电压；其中，所述模式选择(MODE)引脚与所述RTN功能引脚电连接。示例性地，当不需要进行反向输入极性保护时，所述RTN功能引脚可以被用于接地，所述模式选择引脚(MODE)与所述RTN功能引脚通过外部引线电连接到同一节点上。
进一步地，所述电压钳位控制子电路220还包括第二电容(C dvdT)，所述第二电容(C dvdT)的一端与所述斜率设置引脚(dvdT)电连接，所述第二电容(C dvdT)的另一端与所述模式选择(MODE)引脚及所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元221还包括故障状况检测引脚(FLT)，用于外部设备检测所述第二控制单元是否发生故障；所述故障状况检测引脚(FLT)通过电阻R FLTb连接至所述第二控制单元的所述输出引脚。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元221还包括关断引脚(SHDN)，所述关断引脚(SHDN)能够经由低电流的触发而被拉低，以使设备进入低功耗关机模式。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元221还包括电流监控输出引脚 (IMON)；所述电流监控输出引脚(IMON)经由电阻R IMON与所述RTN功能引脚电连接，并且所述电流监控输出引脚(IMON)还连接至外部的负载监视器(Load Monitor)。示例性地，该电阻R IMON为5.36KΩ，需要说明的是，从该电流监控输出引脚(IMON)到所述RTN功能引脚之间设置连接的电阻R IMON可将电流转换为成比例的电压进行监控。此外，如果该电流监控输出引脚(IMON)不被使用时，可以将其进行浮置。
进一步地，所述第二控制单元221还包括极限电流设置引脚(ILIM)；所述极限电流设置引脚(ILIM)经由电阻R ILIM与所述RTN功能引脚电连接。示例性地，该电阻R ILIM为20KΩ，需要说明的是，从该极限电流设置引脚(ILIM)到RTN功能引脚之间设置连接的电阻R ILIM可以用于过载和短路电流限制。
进一步地，所述反馈单元230包括第三电阻R 3、第四电阻R 4和过压保护器件，所述第三电阻R 3和所述第四电阻R 4串联后电连接于所述第二控制单元221的输出引脚和所述RTN功能引脚之间，所述过压保护器件的一端与所述第三电阻R 3和所述第四电阻R 4串联后的中间节点电连接，所述过压保护器件的另一端与所述第二控制单元221的过压保护信号(OVP)引脚电连接，用于当直流电压过高时，对所述第二控制单元221进行降压保护。
进一步地，所述电压钳位控制子电路220还包括第三电容，所述第三电容(C IN)的一端与所述滤波模块300的所述第一输出端以及所述开关组件电连接，所述第三电容(C IN)的另一端接地。所述第三电容(C IN)用于过滤后输入的直流电压。
进一步地，所述反馈单元230还包括第四电容(C OUT)，所述第四电容(C OUT)的一端与所述电压钳位控制子电路的输出脚电连接，所述第四电容的另一端接地。所述第四电容(C OUT)用于过滤输出的直流电压。
由上可见，在本发明实施例提供的车载供电电路中，向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压，向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压，即第一供电链路和第二供电链路之间相互独立；功率开关模块与车载控制器电连接，其中，所述车载控制器可直接通过开关控制信号触发功率开关模块开通或关断第一供电电压。由上可见，由于采用第一供电电压和第二供电电压分离的方式，并且独立控制第一供电电压的开通或关断，避免了在抛负载的情况下产生的瞬态大电流对后级电路的损毁，由此能够满足车载供电电路的抛负载和防反要求，为车载系统的电子设备提供了良好的供电环境。
本发明实施例还提供了一种车辆，所述车辆包括上述任一种车载供电电路。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领 域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述车载供电电路包括功率开关模块和电压钳位模块，所述功率开关模块和电压钳位模块均与电源电连接，以接收来自所述电源的输入电压；
    所述功率开关模块基于接收到的所述输入电压向第一供电链路输出第一供电电压；
    所述电压钳位模块将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内并向第二供电链路输出第二供电电压；
    其中，所述功率开关模块与车载控制器电连接，以接收来自所述车载控制器的开关控制信号，并基于所述开关控制信号控制所述第一供电电压的开通或关断。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第一供电链路是向车载动力马达供电的链路，所述第二供电链路是向车载逻辑电路供电的链路。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述车载供电电路还包括滤波模块，所述滤波模块接收来自所述电源的原始电压并对所述原始电压进行滤波以输出所述输入电压，其中，所述滤波模块包括第一输出端和第二输出端，所述第一输出端输出所述输入电压，所述第二输出端接地。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述功率开关模块包括第一控制单元、第一功率开关管、第二功率开关管；
    所述第一控制单元包括输出引脚和两个控制电压信号引脚，所述第一功率开关管的源极与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端电连接，所述第一功率开关管的漏极与所述第二功率开关管的漏极电连接，所述第二功率开关管的源极与所述第一控制单元的输出引脚电连接，以输出所述第一供电电压；
    所述第一功率开关管的栅极以及所述第二功率开关管的栅极分别与所述第一控制单元的两个对应的控制电压信号引脚电连接，以从所述第一控制单元接收控制信号；
    所述第一控制单元还包括使能信号引脚，所述使能信号引脚与所述车载控制器电连接，以接收来自所述车载控制器的所述开关控制信号；
    其中，所述开关控制信号控制所述第一供电电压的开通或关断。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第一功率开关管是理想二极管，所述第二功率开关管是集成二极管的MOSEFET器件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，在所述输入电压大于第一阈值时，若所述第一控制单元接收到来自所述车载控制器的指示关断所述第一供电电压的开关控制信号，则控制所述功率开关模块关断所述第一供电电压。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述功率开关模块还包括第一电阻和第二电阻，所述第一控制单元还包括第一功能引脚、第二功能引脚、第三功能引脚以及过压检测引脚，所述第一功能引脚和所述第二功能引脚均与所述第一功率开关管的源极电连接；
    所述第一电阻和所述第二电阻串联后电连接于所述第三功能引脚和接地之间，并且所述第三功能引脚与所述第二功能引脚内部电连接，所述过压检测引脚与所述第一电阻和所述第二电阻串联后的中间节点电连接，用于检测所述输入电压是否大于第二阈值；
    其中，在所述输入电压大于所述第二阈值时，若所述第一控制单元未接收到来自所述车载控制器的指示关断所述第一供电电压的开关控制信号，则所述第一控制单元自行控制所述功率开关模块关断所述第一供电电压，其中，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述功率开关模块还包括第一电容，所述第一电容包括第一端和第二端；
    所述第一控制单元还包括第四功能引脚、第五功能引脚和第六功能引脚，所述第一电容的所述第一端与所述第一功率开关管和所述第二功率开关管的中间节点、所述第四功能引脚以及所述第五功能引脚电连接，所述第一电容的所述第二端与所述第一控制单元的所述第六功能引脚电连接，用于形成电荷泵电路以分别抬高所述第一功率开关管的控制端的电压以及所述第二功率开关管的控制端的电压。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述电压钳位模块包括TVS器件、电压钳位控制子电路和反馈单元；
    所述TVS器件电连接于所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端和接地之间；
    所述电压钳位控制子电路分别与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端和所述反馈单元电连接，用于检测所述输入电压的大小并将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内，以向所述第二供电链路输出所述第二供电电压；
    所述反馈单元用于向所述电压钳位控制子电路反馈所述第二供电电压的大小。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述电压钳位控制子电路包括第二控制单元，
    所述第二控制单元包括开关组件，所述开关组件包括第三功率开关管和第四功率开关管，所述第三功率开关管和所述第四功率开关管电连接，用于将接收到的所述输入电压钳位在预设的电压范围内以及用于防止直流电压的反接；
    其中，所述第三功率开关管的源极与所述滤波单元的所述第一输出端电连接，所述第三功率开关管的漏极与所述第四功率开关管的漏极电连接，所述第四功率开关管的源极与所述第二控制单元的输出引 脚电连接，以向所述第二供电链路输出所述第二供电电压。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，
    所述第二控制单元还包括欠压锁定引脚，所述欠压锁定引脚与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端电连接，用于检测所述输入电压是否低于所述第二控制单元开启的门限电压，并且若所述输入电压低于所述第二控制单元开启的门限电压，则所述第二控制单元自行关断。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第二控制单元还包括：
    斜率设置引脚，用于设置输出的内部电压的斜率；
    模式选择引脚，用于进行过载错误响应模式选择；
    RTN功能引脚，作为内部控制电路的参考电压；
    其中，所述模式选择引脚与所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述电压钳位控制子电路还包括第二电容，所述第二电容的一端与所述斜率设置引脚电连接，所述第二电容的另一端与所述模式选择引脚及所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第二控制单元还包括故障状况检测引脚，用于外部设备检测所述第二控制单元是否发生故障；
    所述故障状况检测引脚通过电阻连接至所述第二控制单元的所述输出引脚。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第二控制单元还包括关断引脚，所述关断引脚能够经由低电流的触发而被拉低，以使设备进入低功耗关机模式。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第二控制单元还包括电流监控输出引脚；
    所述电流监控输出引脚经由电阻与所述RTN功能引脚电连接， 并且所述电流监控输出引脚还连接至外部的负载监视器。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述第二控制单元还包括极限电流设置引脚；
    所述极限电流设置引脚经由电阻与所述RTN功能引脚电连接。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述反馈单元包括第三电阻、第四电阻和过压保护器件，所述第三电阻和所述第四电阻串联后电连接于所述第二控制单元的输出引脚和所述RTN功能引脚之间，所述过压保护器件的一端与所述第三电阻和所述第四电阻串联后的中间节点电连接，所述过压保护器件的另一端与所述第二控制单元的过压保护信号引脚电连接，用于当直流电压过高时，对所述第二控制单元进行降压保护。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述电压钳位控制子电路还包括第三电容，所述第三电容的一端与所述滤波模块的所述第一输出端以及所述开关组件电连接，所述第三电容的另一端接地。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的车载供电电路，其特征在于，所述反馈单元还包括第四电容，所述第四电容的一端与所述电压钳位控制子电路的输出脚电连接，所述第四电容的另一端接地。
  21. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括如权利要求1-20中任一项所述的车载供电电路。
PCT/CN2021/118173 2021-09-14 2021-09-14 车载供电电路及车辆 WO2023004952A1 (zh)

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