WO2023001194A1 - 扬声组件及移动终端 - Google Patents

扬声组件及移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023001194A1
WO2023001194A1 PCT/CN2022/106795 CN2022106795W WO2023001194A1 WO 2023001194 A1 WO2023001194 A1 WO 2023001194A1 CN 2022106795 W CN2022106795 W CN 2022106795W WO 2023001194 A1 WO2023001194 A1 WO 2023001194A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
memory alloy
alloy plate
driving
baffle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/106795
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张雨果
张宁
秦仁轩
邢志浩
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023001194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023001194A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/03—Constructional features of telephone transmitters or receivers, e.g. telephone hand-sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/19—Arrangements of transmitters, receivers, or complete sets to prevent eavesdropping, to attenuate local noise or to prevent undesired transmission; Mouthpieces or receivers specially adapted therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of terminals, in particular to a speaker component and a mobile terminal.
  • a speaker with earpiece and speaker functions can be installed on the terminal equipment.
  • the speaker is in the loudspeaker mode, there will be a problem of uneven sound.
  • the present application provides a loudspeaker component and a mobile terminal to prevent leakage of sound, thereby protecting the user's privacy and avoiding noise interference to other people.
  • the present application provides a speaker assembly, including a housing, a sealing structure and a sound-generating component, the housing has a sound chamber and a sound-generating component, wherein the first side wall and the second side wall of the housing are respectively provided with There are a first sound outlet and a second sound outlet, the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet are both connected to the sound chamber, the sound from the sound-generating part can be transmitted from the sound chamber to the first sound outlet and/or the second sound outlet
  • the blocking structure can control the opening and closing of the second sound outlet.
  • the blocking structure when the speaker assembly is in the external release mode, the blocking structure is not in contact with the second sound outlet, and the second sound outlet is connected with the sound cavity, so that the sound can pass through the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet.
  • the second sound outlet is transmitted to the external environment; when the speaker assembly is in earpiece mode, the blocking structure can block the second sound outlet to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet and prevent the user from privacy leakage, thereby protecting the privacy of users and avoiding noise interference to other people.
  • selectively blocking the second sound outlet can mean that in the external speaker mode, the blocking structure does not contact the second sound outlet, so that the second sound outlet is connected with the sound cavity. In the earpiece mode, The blocking structure blocks the second sound outlet.
  • the blocking structure may include a driving part and a blocking part, wherein the blocking part is disposed on a side of the sound cavity close to the second sound outlet hole.
  • the driving part does not drive the blocking part in contact with the second sound outlet, and the second sound outlet communicates with the sound cavity, so that the sound can be transmitted through the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet to the external environment to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly;
  • the driving part drives the blocking part to block the second sound outlet to reduce the leakage of sound to the outside through the second sound outlet
  • the probability of the environment prevents the user's privacy from being leaked, thereby protecting the user's privacy and avoiding noise interference to other people.
  • the shape of the blocking portion may vary, and the driving portion is configured to drive the shape of the blocking portion to change.
  • the blocking portion may include a first memory alloy plate
  • the driving portion may include a first driving electrode, wherein the first memory alloy plate has a first shape and a second shape, and the first driving electrode has a first conductive state and a second shape.
  • Two conductive states when the speaker assembly is in the external mode, the first driving electrode is in the first conductive state, the first memory alloy plate presents the first shape, and the first memory alloy plate presenting the first shape does not block the second outlet Sound hole, the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound hole and the second sound hole, so as to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode, the first driving electrode is in the second conductive state , the first memory alloy plate presents a second shape, and the first memory alloy plate presenting the second shape blocks the second sound outlet to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet.
  • the driving part further includes a first driving circuit, the first driving circuit is arranged on the first memory alloy plate, the first memory alloy plate is arranged on the side of the second side wall facing the sound cavity, and the first driving electrode is arranged on the second side wall.
  • the first drive electrode is connected to the first drive circuit; wherein, the first memory alloy plate has a first shape and a second shape, and in the second shape, the first memory alloy plate seals the second sound hole In the first shape, the first memory alloy plate is far away from the second sound hole, and the second sound hole communicates with the sound cavity, so that the speaker assembly is in the external mode.
  • the first drive electrode when the speaker assembly is in the external speaker mode, the first drive electrode receives the first control signal, the first drive electrode is in the first conductive state, and controls the first drive circuit arranged in the first memory alloy plate
  • the first current is applied to make the first memory alloy plate present the first shape, and the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound hole and the second sound hole to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly;
  • the first driving electrode receives the second control signal, the first driving electrode is in the second conductive state, and the first driving circuit arranged in the first memory alloy plate is controlled to pass in the second current, thereby driving the first memory alloy
  • the plate is converted from the first shape to the second shape, so as to prevent leakage of user's privacy and protect user's privacy.
  • the first memory alloy plate may include a fixing portion and a winding portion, wherein the fixing portion may be fixed on the side of the second side wall facing the sound cavity, so that the first memory alloy plate is fixed in the sound cavity,
  • the winding part is connected to the fixing part, and a first driving circuit board may be arranged in the winding part.
  • the fixing part can be fixed on the side of the second side wall facing the sound chamber in various ways, for example: the fixing part can be fixed on the second side wall by clamping, or the fixing part can also be fixed by bonding and welding It is fixed on the side of the second side wall facing the sound cavity, and the fixing part can be fixed on the second side wall in other ways, which will not be listed here.
  • the shape of the driving part can be changed, and the driving part can drive the blocking part to selectively block the second sound hole through the shape change;
  • the driving part can include a second memory alloy plate, the driving part can be directly connected to the blocking part or the driving part can be connected to the blocking part through a connection structure; wherein, the second memory alloy plate can have a first shape and a second shape, and when the speaker assembly is in the external mode, the first The two memory alloy plates can present the first shape, and the second memory alloy plate of the first shape can drive the blocking part without blocking the second sound outlet, and the sound can be transmitted to the outside through the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet environment, to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the speaker assembly is in earpiece mode, the second memory alloy plate can present a second form, and the second memory alloy plate presenting the second form can drive the blocking part to block the second sound outlet to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet.
  • the blocking part may include a first baffle
  • the driving part may further include a second driving electrode and a second driving circuit
  • the second memory alloy board may include a first sub-board and a second sub-board connected to each other, and the second The second sub-board is provided with a second drive circuit
  • the first sub-board is fixed on the side of the second side wall facing the sound cavity, and the second sub-board can rotate relative to the first sub-board (that is, the second memory alloy board is a folding board )
  • the second driving electrode may be electrically connected to the second driving circuit.
  • the second drive electrode when the speaker assembly is in the speaker mode, the second drive electrode receives the third control signal to control the passage of the third current in the second drive circuit board arranged in the second sub-board, thus The second sub-board pulls the first baffle away from the second side wall, so that the second sound hole communicates with the sound cavity.
  • the second memory alloy plate is in the first shape, which can optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly.
  • the second driving electrode receives the fourth control signal, controls the passage of the fourth current in the second driving circuit board arranged in the second sub-board, and then drives the second sub-board to push the first
  • the baffle moves towards one end of the second side wall, and the second sub-board pushes the first baffle to fit the second side wall, so as to block the second sound hole.
  • the second memory alloy plate is in the second shape , which can prevent the user's privacy from leaking and protect the user's privacy;
  • the driving part is configured to change the position of the blocking part, so that the blocking part has a first position and a second position, and when the blocking part is in the first position, the blocking part does not block the second sound outlet , when the blocking part is at the second position, the blocking part blocks the second sound outlet.
  • the magnetic force between the driving part and the blocking part when the speaker assembly is in the external speaker mode, the magnetic force between the driving part and the blocking part is the first force, and the blocking part does not block the second sound hole, and the sound It can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound hole and the second sound hole to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode, the magnetic force between the driving part and the blocking part is the second force , the blocking portion blocks the second sound outlet to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet.
  • the blocking part may include a magnetic plate
  • the driving part may include a control circuit and an electromagnetic coil
  • the electromagnetic coil may be disposed in the casing or the sound cavity
  • the magnetic plate may be disposed on the side of the second side wall facing the sound cavity
  • the magnetic plate is attached to the second side wall, and the projections of the electromagnetic coil and the magnetic plate on the bottom wall of the sound cavity are at least partially overlapped
  • the control circuit controls the magnitude of the current passed into the electromagnetic coil, and then controls the magnitude of the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic coil,
  • the magnetic force between the electromagnetic coil and the magnetic plate is converted between the first force and the second force, and then the electromagnetic coil attracts the magnetic plate to reciprocate on the second side wall, wherein the more current passed into the electromagnetic coil The larger the size, the faster the magnetic plate reciprocates.
  • the control circuit can control the electromagnetic coil to control the magnetic plate to the position where the second sound outlet is located, so as to block the second sound outlet and reduce sound leakage through the second sound outlet to the external environment to prevent user privacy leakage and protect user privacy;
  • the control circuit can control the electromagnetic coil to control the magnetic plate above or below the second sound hole, so as to The second sound outlet is communicated with the sound cavity, and the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet, so as to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly.
  • the driving part is configured to drive the rotation state of the blocking part to change, so that the blocking part has a first rotation state and a second rotation state.
  • the blocking part When the speaker assembly is in the external release mode, the blocking part is in the first rotating state, the blocking part does not block the second sound outlet, and the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet to optimize Stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the speaker assembly is in earpiece mode, when the blocking part is in the second rotating state, the blocking part blocks the second sound outlet to reduce the leakage of sound to the external environment through the second sound outlet The probability.
  • the blocking part may include a main board and a second baffle
  • the second baffle is installed on the edge of the main board
  • the second baffle may be arranged at an angle with the main board
  • the length of the outer contour of the second baffle is less than the outer contour of the main board.
  • the length of the profile, the second sound hole is located on the rotation path of the second baffle.
  • the driving part drives the main board to rotate, so that the main board drives the second baffle to rotate to a position corresponding to the second sound outlet (second rotation state), so as to seal the second sound outlet Blocking, thereby reducing the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet, preventing user privacy from leaking, and protecting user privacy;
  • the driving part drives the main board to drive the second baffle to rotate To a position staggered from the second sound outlet (the first rotation state), so that the second sound outlet communicates with the sound cavity, so that the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the second sound outlet, so as to optimize the stereo sound of the speaker assembly Play effects.
  • the driving part may include a third memory alloy plate and a third driving electrode, there is a certain gap between the third memory alloy plate and the second side wall, and the blocking part is arranged between the third memory alloy plate and the second side wall.
  • the third memory alloy plate can be fixed on the bottom wall of the sound chamber, and the other end of the third memory alloy plate can be connected to the main board, wherein a third memory alloy plate can also be provided with a third
  • the third driving circuit connected to the driving electrode, the third driving electrode is connected with the third driving circuit, when the fifth current is input to the third driving circuit, the third memory alloy plate can be driven to rotate, and the third memory alloy plate will rotate when it rotates.
  • the driving part may also include a positioning plate, a rotating plate, a fourth memory alloy plate and a The fourth driving electrode on the top, wherein, the positioning plate is fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the sound cavity, the rotating plate is connected to the end of the positioning plate away from the bottom wall of the sound cavity, one end of the third memory alloy plate and one end of the fourth memory alloy plate Relatively arranged on both sides of the positioning plate, the other end of the third memory alloy plate and the other end of the fourth memory alloy plate are relatively arranged on both sides of the rotating plate, and a fourth drive circuit can also be arranged in the fourth memory alloy plate .
  • the third drive electrode When the speaker assembly is in earpiece mode, the third drive electrode receives the fifth control signal, and inputs the fifth current to the third drive circuit to drive the third memory alloy plate to drive the second baffle to be opposite to the second sound hole The position of the second sound outlet is blocked to reduce the probability of sound leakage to the external environment through the second sound outlet; when the speaker assembly is in the external playback mode, the third driving electrode receives the seventh control signal and sends The third drive circuit inputs the seventh current to move the third memory alloy plate to its initial position.
  • the fourth drive electrode can also receive the control signal sixth, and input the sixth current to the fourth drive circuit, and the fourth memory
  • the alloy plate drives the fourth memory alloy plate to drive the second baffle to move to its initial position, and the rotating plate also rotates with the fourth memory alloy plate to drive the third memory alloy plate to move to its initial position, ensuring that the speaker assembly
  • the second baffle can block the second sound outlet, or communicate the second sound outlet with the sound cavity.
  • the driving part may only include a positioning plate, a rotating plate, a fourth memory alloy plate and a fourth driving electrode
  • the positioning plate is fixed on the bottom wall of the sound cavity, and the rotating plate and the positioning plate
  • the plates are rotationally connected, and the rotating plate is also connected to the main board.
  • the fourth memory alloy plate is arranged on the side of the positioning plate and the rotating plate away from the main board.
  • the fourth memory alloy plate is also provided with a fourth driving circuit connected to the fourth driving electrode.
  • the fourth driving circuit can drive the fourth memory alloy plate to rotate, so that the rotating plate and the main board rotate with the fourth memory alloy plate, Further, the second baffle is driven to block the second sound outlet, or communicate the second sound outlet with the sound cavity, so as to increase the switching speed of the speaker assembly between the earpiece mode and the loudspeaker mode.
  • the blocking part may also include a third baffle, the third baffle is arranged on the edge of the main board, and the third baffle and the second baffle are located on the same side of the main board, and the third baffle and the second baffle are spaced apart It is set so that a slot is formed between the third baffle plate and the second baffle plate, and the blocking part can also have a third rotation state.
  • the slot corresponds to the second sound hole, and the second The three baffles do not correspond to the first sound outlet, so that both the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet can communicate with the sound cavity, so that the speaker assembly is in the external release mode;
  • the slot corresponds to the first sound outlet, and the second baffle blocks the second sound outlet to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet.
  • the speaker assembly is in earpiece mode ;
  • the blocking part is in the third rotation state, the third baffle will block the first sound hole, and the second baffle will block the second sound hole.
  • the speaker assembly does not work, and due to the first The sound outlet and the second sound outlet are blocked to prevent dust and water droplets from entering the speaker assembly, so as to improve the service life of the speaker assembly.
  • the first sound outlet hole may be formed by one or more first through holes provided on the first side wall
  • the second sound outlet hole may also be formed by one or more first through holes provided on the second side wall. Two through holes are formed, wherein the numbers of the first through holes and the second through holes can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the present application also provides a mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal may include a main body and a speaker assembly in any possible technical solution of the above first aspect, and the main body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. and a plurality of side surfaces connecting the first surface and the second surface, the first surface of the main body is the display end, the main body is provided with an accommodating cavity for installing the speaker assembly, and one side is provided with the first sound outlet hole Corresponding to the first opening, the side of the first surface away from the second surface is provided with a second opening corresponding to the second sound outlet hole.
  • the mobile terminal may be an electronic device such as an earphone, a mobile phone, and a tablet.
  • the speaker assembly proposed in the above first aspect has the technical effect of reducing the probability of sound leaking to the external environment, preventing the user’s privacy from being leaked, thereby protecting the user’s privacy, and avoiding noise interference to other people, it has the
  • the terminal equipment of the acoustic component also has the same technical effect, and will not be repeated here.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario in which a speaker component is applied to a mobile phone
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of the loudspeaker assembly provided by the embodiment of the present application in the external mode;
  • Fig. 2b is a structural schematic diagram of the speaker assembly in Fig. 2a in the handset mode
  • Fig. 2c is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the loudspeaker assembly in Fig. 2a in the external mode;
  • Fig. 3a is another structural schematic diagram of the loudspeaker assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application in the external mode;
  • Fig. 3b is a structural schematic diagram of the speaker assembly in Fig. 2a in earpiece mode
  • Fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the loudspeaker assembly in Fig. 3a in the external mode;
  • Fig. 4a is another structural schematic diagram of the loudspeaker assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application in the external mode
  • Fig. 4b is a structural schematic diagram of the speaker assembly in Fig. 3a in earpiece mode
  • Fig. 4c is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the loudspeaker assembly in Fig. 4a in the external mode;
  • Fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of the loudspeaker assembly provided by the embodiment of the present application in the external mode
  • Fig. 5b is a structural schematic diagram of the speaker assembly in Fig. 4a in earpiece mode
  • Fig. 5d is a schematic diagram of another structure of the driving part of the speaker assembly in Fig. 4a;
  • Fig. 5e is a schematic perspective view of the speaker assembly in Fig. 5c in a non-working mode.
  • references to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” or the like in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” etc. in various places in this specification are not necessarily All refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments” unless specifically stated otherwise.
  • the terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”, unless specifically stated otherwise.
  • the mobile terminal can be a tablet computer or a mobile phone.
  • mobile phones generally have two modes: earpiece and speaker, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the sound hole 2 of the earpiece is generally located on the side of the screen of the mobile phone 1 facing the user, so that the user can hear the sound;
  • the top of the sound hole 2 is provided with a channel 3 symmetrical to the sound hole at the bottom of the mobile phone 1, and the channel 3 communicates with the sound hole 2 to adjust the area of the sound and the direction of the sound.
  • the mobile phone 1 when the mobile phone 1 is in the handset mode, the sound will also be transmitted to the outside through the slot 3. In a quiet environment, the sound in the handset will interfere with the surrounding environment and leak the sound content. , causing greater distress to mobile phone users.
  • the present application proposes a speaker assembly under a new structure to avoid the possibility of sound leakage, thereby protecting the user's privacy and reducing interference to the surrounding environment.
  • FIG. 2a it is a structural schematic diagram of a speaker assembly provided by the present application, including a housing 10, a sealing structure 20 and a sound-generating component 30, wherein the housing 10 has a sound cavity 11, and the first side of the housing 10
  • the wall is provided with a first sound outlet 12, and the second side wall of the housing 10 is provided with a second sound outlet 13, both the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 can communicate with the sound cavity 11,
  • the sound emitting part 30 is arranged in the housing 10, and the sound output part 31 of the sound emitting part 30 is away from the inner wall of the sound chamber 11, and the sound emitted by the sound generating part 30 can be transmitted from the sound chamber 11 to the first sound outlet hole 12 and/or
  • the second sound outlet hole 13 , the blocking structure 20 can selectively block the second sound outlet hole 13 .
  • the speaker assembly has an earpiece mode and an external mode.
  • the speaker assembly in order to reduce the probability that the sound emitted by the sound generating part 30 is transmitted to the external environment through the second sound outlet 13, to prevent The user's privacy is leaked, and the blocking structure 20 can block the second sound hole 13;
  • the sound outlet hole 13 is in contact with the second sound outlet hole 13 to communicate with the sound cavity 11 , so that the sound emitted by the sound emitting part 30 can be transmitted to the external environment through the second sound outlet hole 13 .
  • the sealing structure 20 can also block the second sound hole 13, so as to reduce the probability of impurities such as dust and water droplets entering the speaker assembly, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker assembly. service life.
  • the first sound outlet 12 may be one or more first through holes provided on the first side wall
  • the second sound outlet 13 may be one or more second through holes provided on the second side wall, wherein, the quantity of the first through hole and the second through hole can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the blocking structure may include a driving part and a blocking part, the driving part and the blocking part may both be arranged in the casing, and the blocking part is arranged on the side of the sound cavity close to the second sound outlet hole, and the driving part
  • the blocking part can be driven to move in the sound cavity, and the moving path of the blocking part can pass through the second sound outlet hole, so the blocking part can block the second sound outlet hole driven by the driving part.
  • the driving part can drive the blocking part to move in the sound cavity, and fix the blocking part at a position corresponding to the second sound outlet hole, so as to seal the second sound outlet hole.
  • Blocking thereby reducing the probability of the sound generated by the sound-generating part leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet, so as to protect the user's privacy;
  • the driving part can also drive the blocking part in the sound cavity movement, and fix the blocking part at a position that does not correspond to the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet, so that both the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet can communicate with the sound cavity, and the sound generated by the sound-generating part can pass through
  • the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet are connected to the external environment to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker components.
  • the structure of the driving part and the blocking part can be various, wherein the blocking part can be arranged inside the casing or outside the casing.
  • the blocking part can be arranged inside the casing:
  • Fig. 2a is a structural schematic diagram of the first memory alloy plate not blocking the second sound outlet in the speaker assembly
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the second sound outlet being blocked by the first memory alloy plate in the speaker assembly.
  • FIG. 2c is a perspective view of the first memory alloy plate in the speaker assembly without blocking the second sound hole.
  • the blocking portion may include a first memory alloy plate 21, and the material of the first memory alloy plate 21 may be titanium-nickel-copper, titanium-nickel-iron, titanium-nickel-chromium, copper-nickel alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, copper-zinc Any one of alloys and iron-based alloys, etc., not specifically limited here, the driving part may include a first driving electrode 22, the first memory alloy plate 21 may have a first shape and a second shape, the first driving The electrode 22 can have a first conductive state and a second conductive state; when the first driving electrode 22 is in the first conductive state, the first memory alloy plate 21 presents a first shape, and the first memory alloy plate 21 in the first shape The second sound hole is not blocked, when the first driving electrode 22 is in the second conductive state, the first memory alloy plate 21 presents the second shape, and the first memory alloy plate 21 in the second shape blocks the second outlet Sound hole 13.
  • the first memory alloy plate 21 When the speaker assembly is in the external mode, the first memory alloy plate 21 does not block the second sound outlet 13, and the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 to optimize the speaker. Stereo playback effect of the sound component; when the speaker component is in earpiece mode, the first memory alloy plate 21 blocks the second sound hole 13 to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound hole 13 .
  • the driving electrode 22 can receive a control signal, so that the driving current is connected to the first driving circuit, so that the first memory alloy plate 21 can be switched between the first shape and the second shape, wherein, when the first memory alloy plate 21 is in the first shape In the second shape, the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode, and the first memory alloy plate 21 blocks the second sound outlet 13 to reduce the probability that the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 leaks to the external environment through the second sound outlet 13, Protect the user's privacy; when the first memory alloy plate 21 is in the first shape, the speaker assembly is in the external mode, the first memory alloy plate 21 does not block the second sound hole 13, the second sound hole 13 and The sound cavity 11 is connected, and the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 can pass through the second sound outlet 13 to the external environment, so as to optimize the stereo effect of the speaker assembly.
  • the first drive electrode 22 receives the first control signal, so that the first drive circuit arranged in the first memory alloy plate 21 has the first current (the first current The size can be zero, or the first current is relatively small, and cannot drive the first memory alloy plate 21 to deform), the first memory alloy plate 21 is in the first shape, and the sound can pass through the first sound outlet hole and the second outlet hole. The sound hole propagates to the external environment.
  • the first drive electrode 22 can receive the second control signal, the first drive electrode 22 is in the second conductive state, and the first drive circuit arranged in the first memory alloy plate 21 is controlled to pass through the second control signal. Current, so that the first memory alloy plate 21 is converted to the second shape, and the second sound hole 13 is blocked to prevent leakage of user's privacy and protect user's privacy.
  • the first memory alloy plate 21 may include a fixed part 210 and a winding part 211, the first driving circuit may be arranged in the winding part 211, and the fixing part 210 is fixedly arranged in the sound cavity 11, so that the first The memory alloy plate 21 is fixed in the sound chamber 11, and the winding part 211 is fixedly connected to the fixed part 210; wherein, the fixed part 210 can be fixedly connected to the side of the second side wall facing the sound chamber 11 by clamping or bonding. .
  • the rolling portion 211 is in the rolling state, and the sound generated by the sound-generating component 30 can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13, At this time, the speaker assembly is in the external mode; when the first memory alloy plate 21 is converted from the first shape to the second shape, the first driving electrode 22 inputs the second current to the first driving circuit to drive the winding part 211 Unfolding realizes that the second sound outlet hole 13 is blocked.
  • the first driving electrode 22 may specifically be a feeding point or a signal receiver provided on the first alloy plate 21 , and the driving electrode described below is the same as the first driving electrode 22 .
  • the shape of the driving part can be changed, and the driving part drives the blocking part to selectively block the second sound outlet through the shape change;
  • Figure 3a shows that the first baffle in the speaker assembly does not The structure schematic diagram of the second sound outlet plugging
  • Fig. 3 b is the structural diagram of the first baffle in the speaker assembly blocking the second sound outlet
  • Fig. 3 a is the first baffle in the speaker assembly without the second outlet Stereogram of soundhole plugging.
  • the driving part may include a second memory alloy plate 23, the driving part may be directly connected to the blocking part or the driving part may be connected to the blocking part through a connecting structure; and the material of the second memory alloy plate 23 It can be any one of titanium-nickel-copper, titanium-nickel-iron, titanium-nickel-chromium, copper-nickel alloys, copper-aluminum alloys, copper-zinc alloys, and iron-based alloys. There is no specific limitation here.
  • the second memory alloy plate 23 can have different shapes or states under different voltages (or currents), specifically, the second memory alloy plate 23 can have a first form and a second form, when the speaker assembly is in In the external release mode, the second memory alloy plate 23 can present the first form, and the second memory alloy plate 23 of the first form can drive the blocking part without blocking the second sound outlet 13, and the sound can pass through the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound hole 13 are transmitted to the external environment to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode, the second memory alloy plate 23 can present the second form, presenting the second form of the second form.
  • the second memory alloy plate 23 can drive the blocking part to block the second sound outlet 13 to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet 13 .
  • the blocking part may include a first baffle plate 25, and the driving part may also include a second driving electrode 24 and a second driving circuit, wherein the second driving circuit may be integrated in the second memory alloy plate 23, or may be arranged on In the channel for installing the second drive circuit in the second memory alloy plate 23; specifically, the second drive electrode 24 can be arranged on the second memory alloy plate 23, and the second memory alloy plate 23 can include the first sub-board 230 and the second sub-board 231, the first sub-board 230 is fixed on the side of the second side wall facing the sound cavity on the casing 10, the second driving circuit is arranged on the second sub-board 231, and the second driving electrode 24 and the second The driving circuit is connected to make the second sub-board 231 rotate relative to the first sub-board 230 .
  • the speaker assembly is in earpiece mode, and the first baffle plate 25 connected to the second sub-board 231 blocks the second sound outlet 13, which can reduce the leakage of the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 to the outside through the second sound outlet 13 environment, to protect the privacy of the user; the speaker assembly is in the external mode, and the first baffle plate 25 connected to the second sub-board 231 does not block the second sound hole 13, and the second sound hole 13 and The sound cavity 11 is connected, and the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 can pass through the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 to the external environment, so as to optimize the stereo effect of the speaker assembly.
  • the second driving electrode 24 receives the fourth control signal to control the passage of the fourth current in the second driving circuit board disposed in the second sub-board 231 , according to the characteristics of the memory alloy plate, the second sub-plate 231 can rotate relative to the first sub-plate 230, and then push the first baffle plate 25 to fit the second side wall, so that the first baffle plate 25 closes the second sound hole 13 is blocked, so that the speaker assembly is in the mode of the earpiece;
  • the second drive electrode 24 receives the third control signal, so that the second drive circuit passes Enter the third current (the magnitude of the third current can be zero ampere, or the first current is smaller), according to the characteristics of the memory alloy plate, the second sub-plate 231 will return to its original position, or to its initial position Move in the same direction, and then pull the first baffle 25 to disengage the first baffle 25 from the second sound hole 13, so as to realize
  • the driving part is configured to change the position of the blocking part, so that the blocking part has a first position and a second position, and when the blocking part is in the first position, the blocking part does not block the second sound outlet hole , when the blocking part is at the second position, the blocking part blocks the second sound outlet.
  • the sound outlet and the second sound outlet are transmitted to the external environment to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode, the magnetic force between the driving part and the blocking part is the second force, and the blocking part seals Block the second sound outlet to reduce the probability of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet.
  • Figure 4a is a structural schematic diagram of the magnetic plate in the speaker assembly without blocking the second sound hole
  • the direction of A in Figure 4a is the height direction of the second side wall
  • Figure 4b is the magnetic plate in the speaker assembly that the second sound outlet is blocked.
  • the blocking part may include a magnetic plate 27,
  • the driving part may include an electromagnetic coil 26 and a control circuit, and the magnetic plate 27 is a movable structure with different positions or states.
  • the electromagnetic coil 26 is arranged in the casing 10, or the electromagnetic coil 26 can be arranged in the sound chamber 11, the magnetic plate 27 is arranged on the side of the second side wall facing the sound chamber, and the magnetic plate 27 can be attached to the second Side wall, magnetic plate 27 and magnetic coil 26 positions are oppositely arranged;
  • the first force is converted to the second force, so that the electromagnetic coil 26 attracts the magnetic plate 27 to reciprocate in the height direction of the second side wall.
  • the initial position of the magnetic plate 27 can be one end close to the electromagnetic coil 26, or one end away from the electromagnetic coil 26; The size of the magnetic force of the coil 26, and then drives the magnetic plate 27 to move to the position where the second sound outlet 13 is located, and the second sound outlet 13 is blocked, thereby reducing the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 through the second sound outlet 13.
  • the position that can communicate with the sound cavity 11 enables the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 to pass through the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 to the external environment, so as to optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly.
  • a guide rail can be provided on the second side wall, and a guide groove cooperating with the guide rail is provided on the side of the magnetic plate 27 facing the second side wall, wherein the guide rail and guide grooves are arranged along the height direction of the second side wall, so that when the magnetic plate 27 is subjected to the action of the electromagnetic coil, the magnetic plate can move stably along the height direction of the second side wall.
  • the magnitude of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil 26 can be pre-tested.
  • the driving part can be set as a driving motor and a transmission mechanism connected with the driving motor
  • the blocking part can be set as a baffle plate, a magnetic plate or a stopper, etc.
  • the driving motor can be installed in the housing or the sound cavity.
  • One end of the transmission mechanism is connected to the driving motor, and the other end It is connected with the baffle, the magnetic plate or the block, so that the baffle, the magnetic plate or the baffle can move along the height direction of the second side wall.
  • the driving part is configured to drive the rotation state of the blocking part to change, so that the blocking part has a first rotation state and a second rotation state.
  • the blocking part when the blocking part is in the first rotating state, the blocking part does not block the second sound outlet, the speaker assembly is in the external mode, and the sound can be transmitted to the external environment through the first sound outlet and the second sound outlet, so as to Optimize the stereo playback effect of the speaker assembly; when the blocking part is in the second rotation state, the blocking part blocks the second sound outlet, and the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode to reduce the risk of sound leaking to the external environment through the second sound outlet probability.
  • Figure 5a is a structural schematic diagram of the second baffle in the speaker assembly without blocking the second sound outlet
  • Figure 5b is a structural schematic diagram of the second baffle in the speaker assembly blocking the second sound outlet
  • Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of the speaker assembly Schematic diagram of the structure of the second baffle blocking the second sound outlet and the third baffle blocking the first sound outlet in the acoustic component. Referring to Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b and Fig.
  • the blocking part may include a main board 290 and a second baffle 291, the second baffle 291 is arranged on the edge of the main board 290, and the second baffle 291 may be set at an included angle with the main board 290 (the second The second baffle plate 291 can be perpendicular to the main board 290 or be arranged at an acute angle or an obtuse angle), and the length of the outer contour of the second baffle plate 291 is less than the length of the outer contour of the main board 290;
  • the driving part 28 can include the third memory alloy plate 280 and the third drive Electrode, one end of the third memory alloy plate 280 can be fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the sound cavity 11, and the other end of the third memory alloy plate 280 can be connected with the main board 290 (the structure of the third memory alloy plate 280 can be connected with the second memory alloy plate 280 The structure of the board is the same, and will not be repeated here).
  • the third memory alloy plate 280 is provided with a third drive circuit, and when the third drive electrode receives the fifth control signal and inputs the fifth current to the third drive circuit, the third drive electrode can drive the third drive circuit so that a part of the third memory alloy plate 280 rotates in the sound cavity 11 relative to the other part of the third memory alloy plate 280, and then drives the main board 290 connected with the third memory alloy plate 280 to rotate in the sound cavity 11.
  • the second baffle plate 291 on the main board 290 passes through the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13 along with the movement path of the main board 290 .
  • the third memory alloy plate 280 can drive the main board 290 to rotate in the sound chamber 11, and fix the second baffle plate 291 arranged on the main board 290 to the second sound hole 13. Corresponding position (second rotation state), to block the second sound outlet 13, and then reduce the probability that the sound produced by the sound generating part 30 leaks to the external environment through the second sound outlet 13, to protect the privacy of the user .
  • the driving part can also include a positioning plate 281, a rotating plate 282, a fourth memory alloy plate 283 (the structure of the fourth memory alloy plate 283 can be the same as that of the second memory alloy plate, and will not be described in detail here) and a fourth drive electrode, the fourth driving electrode can be arranged on the fourth memory alloy plate 283, the fourth memory alloy plate 283 is provided with a fourth driving circuit connected with the fourth driving electrode, the rotating plate 282 is connected with the positioning plate 281, and the rotating plate 282 Can rotate relative to the positioning plate 281, the end of the rotating plate 282 away from the positioning plate 281 is fixed on the bottom wall of the sound chamber 11, the third memory alloy plate 280 and the fourth memory alloy plate 283 are provided on both sides of the rotating plate 282 and the positioning plate 281 .
  • the speaker assembly When the third driving electrode drives the third memory alloy plate 280 to drive the second baffle 291 to a position opposite to the second sound outlet 13 to block the second sound outlet 13, the speaker assembly is in the earpiece mode; When the speaker assembly needs to be converted from the earpiece mode to the external mode, the second baffle plate 291 needs to be rotated to a position staggered from the second sound outlet 13, so that the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 are both It communicates with the sound chamber 11.
  • the third drive electrode can receive the seventh control signal, and input the seventh current to the third drive circuit, so that the third memory alloy plate 280 moves to its initial position, and then drives the second gear
  • the fourth driving electrode can also receive the sixth control signal , make the fourth drive circuit input the sixth current to drive the fourth memory alloy plate 283 to move the second baffle plate 291 to its initial position, so as to ensure that the loudspeaker assembly can quickly switch between the earpiece and the speaker mode, that is, the first The second baffle 291 can quickly block the second sound outlet 13 , or make the second sound outlet 13 communicate with the sound chamber 11 .
  • Fig. 5d is a schematic diagram of another structure of the driving part in the speaker assembly
  • Fig. 5e is a diagram showing that the second baffle in the speaker assembly blocks the second sound hole, and the third baffle blocks the first sound hole.
  • the driving part may only include a positioning plate 281, a rotating plate 282, a fourth memory alloy plate 283 and a fourth driving electrode, wherein the rotating plate 282 is rotationally connected with the positioning plate 281, and
  • the positioning plate 281 is fixed on the bottom wall of the sound cavity 11, the rotating plate 282 is also connected with the main board 290, the fourth memory alloy plate 283 is arranged on the side of the positioning plate 281 and the rotating plate 282 away from the main board 290, and in the fourth memory alloy plate 283
  • a fourth drive circuit connected to the fourth drive electrode is also provided.
  • the fourth drive circuit can drive the fourth memory alloy plate 283 to rotate, so that the rotating plate 282 And the main board 290 rotates with the fourth memory alloy plate 283 , and then drives the second baffle 291 to block the second sound outlet 13 , or make the second sound outlet 13 communicate with the sound cavity 11 .
  • the blocking part 29 can also have a third rotation state, and the blocking part 29 can also include a third baffle 292, and the third baffle 292 can be arranged on the same side of the main board 290 as the second baffle 291, And the third baffle plate 292 is spaced apart from the second baffle plate 291, so that an opening that can be opposite to the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13 is formed between the third baffle plate 292 and the second baffle plate 291.
  • Slot 293 when the blocking part 29 is in the first rotating state, the speaker assembly can be in the external mode. At this time, the slot 293 corresponds to the second sound outlet 13, and the third baffle 292 does not correspond to the first sound outlet.
  • the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13 can communicate with the sound cavity 11, and the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 can pass through the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13 to the external environment,
  • the speaker assembly can be in the earpiece mode.
  • the slot 293 corresponds to the first sound hole 12
  • the second baffle 291 corresponds to the first sound hole 12.
  • the second sound outlet 13 is blocked to reduce the probability that the sound generated by the sound generating part 30 leaks to the external environment through the second sound outlet 13, so as to protect the privacy of the user; when the blocking part 29 When in the third rotation state, the speaker assembly can be in a non-working state.
  • the third baffle plate 292 blocks the first sound outlet hole 12, and the second baffle plate 291 blocks the second sound outlet hole 13. Since the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13 are blocked, the probability of impurities such as dust and water droplets outside the speaker assembly entering into the sound chamber 11 is reduced, and the service life of the speaker assembly can be improved.
  • the cross section of the main board 290 can be semicircular, semi-elliptical or fan-shaped, as long as the main board 290 can rotate in the sound chamber 11 .
  • the connecting portion where the rotating plate 282 is rotatably connected to the positioning plate 281 coincides with the center of the main board 290, and the centers of the third memory alloy plate 280 and the fourth memory alloy plate 283 also coincide with the center of the main board 290, so that the third memory alloy plate 280 and the fourth memory alloy plate 283 drive the main board 290 to rotate.
  • the second baffle 291 and the third baffle 292 may also pass through the main board 290, and the second baffle 291 and the third baffle 292 are connected to the second outlet.
  • the sound hole 13 corresponds to the first sound hole 12 , it only needs to block the second sound hole 13 and the first sound hole 12 .
  • the thickness of the driving part 28 is smaller than that of the main board 290 to ensure that the sound generated by the sound-generating component 30 can reach the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 .
  • the second sound outlet hole 13 needs to be selectively blocked as an example for illustration.
  • the first sound outlet hole 12 can also be selectively blocked, or both the first sound outlet hole 12 and the second sound outlet hole 13 can be selectively blocked.
  • the way that the first sound outlet 12 is selectively blocked can refer to the way that the second sound outlet 13 is blocked in the above-mentioned embodiment, in addition, the first sound outlet 12 and the second sound outlet 13 The blocking method can be different.
  • the present application also provides a mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal may include a main body and a speaker assembly in any possible technical solution of the first aspect above.
  • One side and multiple side surfaces of the second surface the body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other and a plurality of side surfaces connecting the first surface and the second surface, and the main body is provided with an accommodation for installing the speaker assembly
  • One side of the cavity is provided with a first opening corresponding to the first sound outlet, and the side of the first surface away from the second surface is provided with a second opening corresponding to the second sound outlet.
  • Such a mobile terminal can have a good stereo effect, and can also reduce the probability of privacy leakage.
  • the mobile terminal can be an earphone, a mobile phone, and a tablet electronic device.
  • the speaker assembly proposed in the above first aspect has the technical effect of reducing the probability of sound leaking to the external environment, preventing the user’s privacy from being leaked, thereby protecting the user’s privacy, and avoiding noise interference to other people, it has the
  • the terminal equipment of the acoustic component also has the same technical effect.
  • the speaker assembly may only include the first sound outlet hole.
  • the blocking structure may selectively block the first sound outlet hole, and the mobile terminal with the speaker assembly is only provided with There is a first opening corresponding to the first sound outlet.
  • the sealing structure can selectively block the first sound outlet, which can reduce dust and water droplets and other impurities from entering through the first opening and the first sound outlet. The probability of entering the sound cavity is reduced, and the service life of the speaker components in the mobile terminal is improved.
  • the speaker assembly can also only include the second sound outlet. At this time, the blocking structure can selectively block the second sound outlet, and the mobile terminal with the speaker assembly is only provided with the second sound outlet. The second opening corresponding to the sound outlet.
  • the sealing structure can selectively block the second sound outlet, which can reduce dust and water droplets and other impurities from entering the sound cavity through the second opening and the second sound outlet. The chances of reducing the risk and improving the service life of the speaker components in the mobile terminal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及终端技术领域，尤其涉及到一种扬声组件及移动终端。扬声组件包括壳体、封堵结构以及发声部件，壳体内具有音腔，发声部件均设在音腔内，其中，壳体的第一侧壁和第二侧壁上分别设有第一出音孔和第二出音孔，第一出音孔和第二出音孔均与音腔连通，封堵结构可以控制第二出音孔的开闭。本申请中的扬声组件可以防止声音的外泄，从而保护用户的隐私，也避免对其他人造成噪音干扰。

Description

扬声组件及移动终端
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年07月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110835340.6、申请名称为“扬声组件及移动终端”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及终端技术领域，尤其涉及到一种扬声组件及移动终端。
背景技术
为了提高终端设备的音质，使终端设备具有均衡立体声，可以在终端设备上设置具有听筒和喇叭功能的扬声器，但是，当扬声器在外放模式下，会出现声音大小不均衡的问题，因此，需要在终端设备上设有通槽，以增加出音面积，调整出音方向，进而优化立体声效果。
但由于通槽的设置，在使用终端设备时，一部分声音会通过通槽泄露到外部的环境，当用户在相对安静的公众场合中时，容易泄露用户的隐私，也会对其他人造成噪音干扰。
发明内容
本申请提供一种扬声组件及移动终端，以防止声音的外泄，从而保护用户的隐私，也避免对其他人造成噪音干扰。
一方面，本申请提供了一种扬声组件，包括壳体、封堵结构以及发声部件，壳体内具有音腔和发声部件，其中，壳体的第一侧壁和第二侧壁上分别设有第一出音孔和第二出音孔，第一出音孔和第二出音孔均与音腔连通，发声部件发出的声音可以由音腔传递至第一出音孔和/或第二出音孔，封堵结构可以控制第二出音孔的开闭。在具体实施的过程中，当扬声组件处于外放模式时，封堵结构不与第二出音孔接触，第二出音孔与音腔连通，使声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，封堵结构可以将第二出音孔封堵，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率，防止用户的隐私泄露，从而保护用户的隐私，也避免对其他人造成噪音干扰。
需要说明的是，选择性的封堵第二出音孔，可以指外放模式时，封堵结构不与第二出音孔接触，使第二出音孔与音腔连通，听筒模式时，封堵结构将第二出音孔封堵。
在一种实施例中，封堵结构可以包括驱动部和阻挡部，其中，阻挡部设置在音腔靠近第二出音孔的一侧。当扬声组件处于外放模式时，驱动部驱动阻挡部不与第二出音孔接触，第二出音孔与音腔连通，使声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，驱动部驱动阻挡部将第二出音孔封堵，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率，防止用户的隐私泄露，从而保护用户的隐私，也避免对其他人造成噪音干扰。
在上述的实施例中，阻挡部的形状可以变化，驱动部被配置为驱动阻挡部的形状变化。具体来说，阻挡部可以包括第一记忆合金板，驱动部可以包括第一驱动电极，其中，第一 记忆合金板具有第一形状和第二形状，第一驱动电极具有第一导电状态和第二导电状态；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第一驱动电极处于第一导电状态，第一记忆合金板呈现第一形状，呈现第一形状的第一记忆合金板未封堵第二出音孔，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第一驱动电极处于第二导电状态，第一记忆合金板呈现第二形状，呈现第二形状的第一记忆合金板封堵第二出音孔，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率。
更具体的，驱动部还包括第一驱动电路，第一驱动电路设置于第一记忆合金板，第一记忆合金板设置于第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，第一驱动电极设置在第一记忆合金板上，第一驱动电极与第一驱动电路连接；其中，第一记忆合金板具第一形状和第二形状，第二形状时，第一记忆合金板将第二出音孔封堵，以使扬声组件处于听筒模式，第一形状时，第一记忆合金板远离第二出音孔，第二出音孔与音腔连通，以使扬声组件处于外放模式。在具体实施的过程中，当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第一驱动电极接收第一控制信号，第一驱动电极处于第一导电状态，控制设置于第一记忆合金板中第一驱动电路通入第一电流，使第一记忆合金板呈现第一形状，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第一驱动电极接收第二控制信号，第一驱动电极处于第二导电状态，控制设置于第一记忆合金板中第一驱动电路通入第二电流，进而驱动第一记忆合金板由第一形状转换为第二形状，以防止用户的隐私泄露，保护用户的隐私。
需要说明的是，第一记忆合金板可以包括固定部和收卷部，其中，固定部可以固定于第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，以使第一记忆合金板固定在音腔中，收卷部与固定部连接，收卷部中可以设置有第一驱动电路板，当第一记忆合金板由第一形状向第二形状转换时，第一驱动电极处于第二导电状态，第一驱动电路中有第二电流通过，收卷部逐渐的展开，展开后的收卷部与第二侧壁贴合，以实现将第二出音孔封堵。
固定部固定于第二侧壁朝向音腔一侧的方式可以为多种，例如：固定部可以通过卡接的方式固定在第二侧壁，或者，固定部也可以通过粘接以及焊接的方式固定在第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，固定部固定于第二侧壁上的方式还可以为其他的方式，此处不再进行列举。
在另一种实施例中，驱动部的形状可以变化的，驱动部通过形状变化来驱动所述阻挡部选择性的封堵第二出音孔；具体来说，驱动部可以包括第二记忆合金板，驱动部可以直接与阻挡部连接或者驱动部可以通过连接结构与阻挡部连接；其中，第二记忆合金板可以具有第一形态和第二形态，当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第二记忆合金板可以呈现第一形态，且第一形态的第二记忆合金板可以驱动阻挡部不封堵第二出音孔，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第二记忆合金板可以呈现第二形态，呈现第二形态的第二记忆合金板可以驱动阻挡部封堵第二出音孔，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率。
更具体的，阻挡部可以包括第一挡板，驱动部还包括第二驱动电极和第二驱动电路，其中，第二记忆合金板可以包括相互连接的第一子板和第二子板，第二子板内设有第二驱动电路，第一子板固定在第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，第二子板可相对于第一子板转动(即第二记忆合金板为折叠板)，第二驱动电极可以与第二驱动电路电连接。在具体实施的过程中，当扬声组件处于扬声模式时，第二驱动电极接收第三控制信号，控制设置于第二子板中的第二驱动电路板中有第三电流的通过，这样第二子板拉动第一挡板远离第二侧壁， 使第二出音孔与音腔连通，此时第二记忆合金板为第一形态，可以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果。当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第二驱动电极接收第四控制信号，控制设置于第二子板中的第二驱动电路板中有第四电流的通过，进而驱动第二子板推动第一挡板朝向第二侧壁的一端运动，第二子板推动第一挡板与第二侧壁贴合，以实现将第二出音孔封堵，此时第二记忆合金板为第二形态，可以防止用户的隐私泄露，保护用户的隐私；
再一种实施例中，驱动部被配置为阻挡部的位置变化，以使阻挡部具有第一位置和第二位置，当阻挡部位于第一位置时，阻挡部未封堵第二出音孔，阻挡部位于第二位置时，阻挡部封堵第二出音孔。具体而言，驱动部和阻挡部之间具有磁力；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，驱动部和阻挡部之间的磁力为第一力，阻挡部未封堵第二出音孔，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，驱动部和阻挡部之间的磁力为第二力，阻挡部封堵第二出音孔，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率。
更具体的，阻挡部可以包括磁性板，驱动部可以包括控制电路以及电磁线圈，其中，电磁线圈可以设置在壳体或者音腔中，磁性板设置在第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，且磁性板与第二侧壁贴合，电磁线圈和磁性板在音腔底壁的投影至少部分重合；控制电路控制电磁线圈中通入的电流大小，进而控制电磁线圈产生的磁性力的大小，以使电磁线圈与磁性板之间的磁力在第一力和第二力之间转换，进而使电磁线圈吸引磁性板在第二侧壁的上往复的移动，其中，电磁线圈通入的电流越大，磁性板往复的速度越快。当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，控制电路可以控制电磁线圈将磁性板控制于第二出音孔所在的位置，以将第二出音孔封堵，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率，以防止用户的隐私泄露，保护用户的隐私；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，控制电路可以控制电磁线圈将磁性板控制于第二出音孔的上方或下方，以使第二出音孔与音腔连通，声音可以经过第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果。
再一种实施例中，驱动部被配置为驱动阻挡部的旋转状态变化，以使阻挡部具有第一旋转状态和第二旋转状态。当扬声组件处于外放模式时，阻挡部位于第一旋转状态，阻挡部未封堵第二出音孔，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，阻挡部位于第二旋转状态时，阻挡部封堵第二出音孔，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率。
具体而言，阻挡部可以包括主板和第二挡板，第二挡板安装在主板的边沿上，第二挡板与可以主板呈夹角设置，且第二挡板外轮廓的长度小于主板外轮廓的长度，第二出音孔位于第二挡板的转动路径上。当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，驱动部驱动主板转动，以使主板带动第二挡板转动至与第二出音孔相对应的位置(第二旋转状态)，以将第二出音孔封堵，进而降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率，防止用户的隐私泄露，保护用户的隐私；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，驱动部驱动主板带动第二挡板转动至与第二出音孔错开的位置(第一旋转状态)，以使第二出音孔与音腔连通，使声音可以通过第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果。
在上述的实施例中，驱动部可以包括第三记忆合金板和第三驱动电极，第三记忆合金板与第二侧壁之间存有一定的间隙，阻挡部设在第三记忆合金板与第二侧壁之间，第三记忆合金板的一端可以固定在音腔的底壁，第三记忆合金板的另一端可以与主板连接，其中，第三记忆合金板中还可以设置有第三驱动电极连接的第三驱动电路，第三驱动电极通 过与第三驱动电路连接，向第三驱动电路中输入第五电流时，可以驱动第三记忆合金板转动，第三记忆合金板转动时会带动主板转动，进而带动安装于主板上的第二挡板转动，以使第二挡板运动至与第二出音孔对应的位置。
具体来说，为了使阻挡部在将第二出音孔封堵后，能够恢复到最初的位置，驱动部还可以包括定位板、转动板、第四记忆合金板和设置于第四记忆合金板上的第四驱动电极，其中，定位板固定设置在音腔的底壁，转动板连接在定位板远离音腔的底壁的一端，第三记忆合金板的一端和第四记忆合金板的一端相对设置在定位板的两侧，第三记忆合金板的另一端和第四记忆合金板的另一端相对设置在转动板的两侧，在第四记忆合金板中也可以设置有第四驱动电路。当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第三驱动电极接收第五控制信号，向第三驱动电路输入第五电流，以驱动第三记忆合金板将第二挡板带动至与第二出音孔相对的位置，将第二出音孔封堵，降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第三驱动电极接收第七控制信号，向第三驱动电路输入第七电流，以使第三记忆合金板向其初始的位置运动，此时，第四驱动电极也可以第六接收控制信号，向第四驱动电路输入第六电流，第四记忆合金板以驱动第四记忆合金板带动第二挡板向其初始的位置运动，转动板也随着第四记忆合金板转动，带动第三记忆合金板向其初始的位置运动，保证扬声组件能够在听筒和外放模式之间切换时，第二挡板能够将第二出音孔封堵，或者使第二出音孔与音腔连通。
需要说明的是，在驱动阻挡部运动时，驱动部也可以只包括定位板、转动板、第四记忆合金板和第四驱动电极，定位板固定在音腔的底壁上，转动板与定位板转动连接，且转动板还与主板连接，第四记忆合金板设置在定位板以及转动板远离主板的一侧，第四记忆合金板中还设置有第四驱动电极连接的第四驱动电路，当第四驱动电极接收第六控制信号，向第四驱动电路输入第六电流时，第四驱动电路可以驱动第四记忆合金板转动，以使转动板以及主板随着第四记忆合金板转动，进而驱动第二挡板将第二出音孔封堵，或使第二出音孔与音腔连通，以提高扬声组件在听筒和外放模式之间的切换速度。
更具体的，阻挡部还可以包括第三挡板，第三挡板设置在主板的边沿，且第三挡板和第二挡板位于主板的同侧，第三挡板和第二挡板间隔设置，使第三挡板和第二挡板之间形成有开槽，阻挡部还可以具有第三旋转状态，当阻挡部处于第一旋转状态时，开槽与第二出音孔对应，第三挡板不与第一出音孔对应，使第一出音孔及第二出音孔均能够与音腔连通，以使扬声组件处于外放模式；当阻挡部处于第二旋转状态时，开槽与第一出音孔相对应，第二挡板将第二出音孔封堵，以降低声音经第二出音孔泄露至外部环境的机率，此时，扬声组件处于听筒模式；当阻挡部处于第三旋转状态时，第三挡板将第一出音孔封堵，第二挡板将第二出音孔封堵，此时，扬声组件不工作，且由于第一出音孔和第二出音孔被封堵，可以防止灰尘和水滴进入到扬声组件内，以提高扬声组件的使用寿命。
在上述的实施中，第一出音孔可以由第一侧壁上设置的一个或多个第一通孔形成，第二出音孔也可以由第二侧壁上设置的一个或多个第二通孔形成，其中，第一通孔以及第二通孔的数量可以根据实际需要进行调整。
第二方面，本申请还提供一种移动终端，该移动终端可以包括主体和上述第一方面中任一可能设计的技术方案中的扬声组件，主体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面以及连接第一面和第二面的多个侧面，主体的第一面为显示端，主体上设有用于安装所述扬声组件的容纳腔，其中一个侧面上设有与第一出音孔对应的第一开孔，第一面背离所述第二面的一 侧设有与所述第二出音孔对应的第二开孔。其中，移动终端可以是耳机、手机以及平板等电子设备。由于上述第一方面中提出的扬声组件具有降低声音外泄至外部环境的概率，防止用户的隐私泄露，从而保护用户的隐私，也避免对其他人造成噪音干扰的技术效果，因此具有该扬声组件的终端设备也具有相同的技术效果，这里不再重复赘述。
附图说明
图1为扬声组件应用于手机中的应用场景示意图；
图2a为本申请实施例提供的扬声组件处于外放模式的一种结构示意图；
图2b为图2a中扬声组件处于听筒模式的结构示意图；
图2c为图2a中扬声组件处于外放模式的立体结构示意图；
图3a为本申请实施例提供的扬声组件处于外放模式的又一种结构示意图；
图3b为图2a中扬声组件处于听筒模式的结构示意图；
图3c为图3a中扬声组件处于外放模式的立体结构示意图；
图4a为本申请实施例提供的扬声组件处于外放模式的又一种结构示意图；
图4b为图3a中扬声组件处于听筒模式的结构示意图；
图4c为图4a中扬声组件处于外放模式的立体结构示意图；
图5a为本申请实施例提供的扬声组件处于外放模式的一种结构示意图；
图5b为图4a中扬声组件处于听筒模式的结构示意图；
图5c为图4a中扬声组件处于不工作模式的结构示意图；
图5d为图4a中扬声组件的驱动部为又一种结构的示意图；
图5e为图5c中扬声组件处于不工作模式的立体结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-手机；2-出音孔；3-通槽；10-壳体；11-音腔；12-第一出音孔；13-第二出音孔；20-封堵结构；21-第一记忆合金板；210-固定部；211-收卷部；22-第一驱动电极；23-第二记忆合金板；230-第一子板；231-第二子板；24-第二驱动电极；25-第一挡板；26-电磁线圈；27-磁性板；28-驱动部；280-第三记忆合金板；281-定位板；282-转动板；283-第四记忆合金板；29-阻挡部；290-主板；291-第二挡板；292-第三挡板；293-开槽；30-发声部件；31-出音部。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”、“所述”、“上述”、“该”和“这一”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外 一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
在本申请实施例中，“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
扬声组件被广泛的应用在移动终端中，具体地，移动终端可以为平板电脑或者是手机，下面以手机为例，目前，手机一般具有听筒和外放两种模式，如图1所示，听筒的出音孔2一般位于手机1的屏幕朝向使用者的一侧，以便于使用者收听到声音；而为了使扬声组件外放时其立体声效果更佳，在手机1的屏幕一侧的出音孔2上方开设有与手机1下方出音孔对称的通槽3，该通槽3与出音孔2连通，以调整出音面积，及出音的方向。但是，此种设置中，当手机1为听筒模式时，声音也会经过通槽3传播至外部，在安静的环境中时，听筒中的声音会对周围的环境造成干扰，还会泄露声音内容，给手机的使用者造成较大的困扰。
有鉴于此，本申请提出一种新的结构下的扬声组件，以避免声音外泄的概率，从而保护用户的隐私，并降低对周围环境的干扰。
参照图2a，为本申请提供的一种扬声组件的结构示意图，包括壳体10、封堵结构20以及发声部件30，其中，壳体10内具有音腔11，壳体10的第一侧壁上设有第一出音孔12，壳体10的第二侧壁上设有第二出音孔13，第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13均能够与音腔11连通，发声部件30设置于壳体10中，且发声部件30的出音部31远离所述音腔11的内壁，发声部件30发出的声音可以由音腔11传递至第一出音孔12和/或第二出音孔13，封堵结构20能够选择性的将第二出音孔13封堵。具体而言，扬声组件具有听筒模式和外放的模式，当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，为了降低发声部件30处发出的声音经第二出音孔13传播至外部环境中的概率，防止用户的隐私泄露，封堵结构20可以将第二出音孔13封堵；当扬声组件处于外放的模式时，为了优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果，封堵结构20将不与第二出音孔13接触，使第二出音孔13与音腔11连通，以使发声部件30发出的声音可以通过第二出音孔13传播至外部环境中。
需要说明的是，当扬声组件不工作时，封堵结构20也可以将第二出音孔13封堵，以降低扬声组件内进入灰尘及水滴等杂质的机率，进而提高扬声组件的使用寿命。另外，第一出音孔12可以是第一侧壁上设的一个或多个第一通孔，第二出音孔13可以是第二侧壁上设置的一个或多个第二通孔，其中，第一通孔以及第二通孔的数量可以根据实际需要进行调整。
在具体实施的过程中，封堵结构可以包括驱动部和阻挡部，驱动部和阻挡部可以均设置在壳体中，且阻挡部设置于音腔靠近第二出音孔的一侧，驱动部可以驱动阻挡部在音腔运动，且阻挡部的运动路径可以经过第二出音孔，因此，阻挡部可以在驱动部的驱动下，将第二出音孔封堵。具体来说，当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，驱动部可以驱动阻挡部在音腔中运动，并使阻挡部固定于与第二出音孔相对应的位置，以将第二出音孔封堵，进而降低发声部件产生的声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的机率，以保护用户的隐私；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，驱动部还可以驱动阻挡部在音腔中运动，并使阻挡部固定在不与第一出音孔以及第二出音孔对应的位置，使第一出音孔以及第二出音孔均能够音腔连通，发 声部件产生的声音可以经过第一出音孔及第二出音孔至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果。
更具体而言，驱动部和阻挡部的结构可以为多种，其中，阻挡部可以设置在壳体内部，也可以设置在壳体外部，下面以阻挡部设置在壳体内部为例：
在一种可能的实施例中，图2a为扬声组件中第一记忆合金板未将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图2b为扬声组件中第一记忆合金板将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图2c为扬声组件中第一记忆合金板未将第二出音孔封堵的立体图。参照图2a、图2b和图2c，阻挡部的形状是可以变化的，驱动部可以驱动阻挡部形状的变化。具体而言，阻挡部可以包括第一记忆合金板21，且第一记忆合金板21的材料可以为钛镍铜、钛镍铁、钛镍铬、铜镍系合金、铜铝系合金、铜锌系合金及铁系合金等中的任意一种，此处不进行具体的限定，驱动部可以包括第一驱动电极22，第一记忆合金板21可以具有第一形状和第二形状，第一驱动电极22可以具有第一导电状态和第二导电状态；当第一驱动电极22处于第一导电状态时，第一记忆合金板21呈现第一形状，且呈第一形状的第一记忆合金板21不封堵第二出音孔，当第一驱动电极22处于第二导电状态时，第一记忆合金板21呈现第二形状，且呈第二形状的第一记忆合金板21封堵第二出音孔13。当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第一记忆合金板21未封堵第二出音孔13，声音可以经第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第一记忆合金板21封堵第二出音孔13，以降低声音经第二出音孔13外泄至外部环境的概率。
驱动部还包括第一驱动电路，其中，第一驱动电路可以集成于第一记忆合金板21，也可以是设置在第一记忆合金板21用于安装第一驱动电路的通道中；另外，根据记忆合金的特性，第一记忆合金板21可以在不同的电压(或电流)下具有不同的形状或状态。第一驱动电极22可以设置在第一记忆合金板21上，第一记忆合金板21设置在第二侧壁朝向音腔11的一侧，第一驱动电极22与第一驱动电路连接，第一驱动电极22可以接收控制信号，以使第一驱动电路中接入驱动电流，让第一记忆合金板21在第一形状和第二形状之间转换，其中，当第一记忆合金板21处于第二形状时，扬声组件处于听筒模式，第一记忆合金板21将第二出音孔13封堵，以降低发声部件30产生的声音经第二出音孔13外泄至外部环境的机率，保护用户的隐私；当第一记忆合金板21处于第一形状时，扬声组件处于外放模式，第一记忆合金板21未将第二出音孔13封堵，第二出音孔13与音腔11连通，发声部件30产生的声音可以经过第二出音孔13至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声效果。具体而言，当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第一驱动电极22接收第一控制信号，使设置在第一记忆合金板21中的第一驱动电路中有第一电流(第一电流的大小可以为零，或者是第一电流较小，不能够驱动第一记忆合金板21形变)的通过，第一记忆合金板21处于第一形状，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境。当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第一驱动电极22可以接收第二控制信号，第一驱动电极22处于第二导电状态，控制设置于第一记忆合金板21中第一驱动电路通入第二电流，以使第一记忆合金板21转换至第二形状，将第二出音孔13封堵以防止用户的隐私泄露，保护用户的隐私。
需要说明的是，第一记忆合金板21可以包括固定部210和收卷部211，第一驱动电路可以设置在收卷部211中，固定部210固定设置在音腔11中，以使第一记忆合金板21固定在音腔11中，收卷部211与固定部210固定连接；其中，固定部210可以通过卡接或粘 接的方式固定连接在第二侧壁朝向音腔11的一侧。当第一记忆合金板21处于第一形状时，收卷部211处于收卷的状态，发声部件30产生的声音可以通过第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13传输至外部环境中，此时，扬声组件处于外放的模式；第一记忆合金板21由第一形状向第二形状转换时，第一驱动电极22向第一驱动电路输入第二电流，以驱动收卷部211展开实现将第二出音孔13封堵。另外，第一驱动电极22具体可以是设置在第一合金板21上的馈入点或信号接收器，下面继续产阐述的驱动电极与第一驱动电极22相同。
在一种实施例中，驱动部的形状可以变化的，驱动部通过形状变化来驱动所述阻挡部选择性的封堵第二出音孔；图3a为扬声组件中第一挡板未将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图3b为扬声组件中第一挡板将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图3a为扬声组件中第一挡板未将第二出音孔封堵的立体图。参照图3a、图3b和图3c，驱动部可以包括第二记忆合金板23，驱动部可以直接与阻挡部连接或者驱动部可以通过连接结构与阻挡部连接；且第二记忆合金板23的材料可以为钛镍铜、钛镍铁、钛镍铬、铜镍系合金、铜铝系合金、铜锌系合金及铁系合金等中的任意一种，此处不进行具体的限定，根据记忆合金的特性，第二记忆合金板23可以在不同的电压(或电流)下具有不同的形状或状态，具体地，第二记忆合金板23可以具有第一形态和第二形态，当扬声组件处于外放模式时，第二记忆合金板23可以呈现第一形态，且第一形态的第二记忆合金板23可以驱动阻挡部不封堵第二出音孔13，声音可以经第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第二记忆合金板23可以呈现第二形态，呈现第二形态的第二记忆合金板23可以驱动阻挡部封堵第二出音孔13，以降低声音经第二出音孔13外泄至外部环境的概率。
更具体的，阻挡部可以包括第一挡板25，驱动部还包括第二驱动电极24和第二驱动电路，其中，第二驱动电路可以集成于第二记忆合金板23，也可以是设置在第二记忆合金板23中用于安装第二驱动电路的通道中；具体的，第二驱动电极24可以设置于第二记忆合金板23上，第二记忆合金板23可以包括第一子板230和第二子板231，第一子板230固定在壳体10上第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，第二驱动电路设置于第二子板231，且第二驱动电极24与第二驱动电路连接，以使第二子板231相对于第一子板230转动。扬声组件处于听筒模式，连接于第二子板231上的第一挡板25将第二出音孔13封堵，可以降低发声部件30产生的声音经第二出音孔13外泄至外部环境的机率，以保护用户的隐私；扬声组件处于外放模式，连接于第二子板231上的第一挡板25未将第二出音孔13封堵，第二出音孔13与音腔11连通，发声部件30产生的声音可以经过第一出音孔12及第二出音孔13至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声效果。具体而言，当第二记忆合金板23为第二形态时，第二驱动电极24接收第四控制信号，控制设置于第二子板231中的第二驱动电路板中有第四电流的通过，根据记忆合金板的特性，第二子板231可以相对于第一子板230转动，进而推动第一挡板25与第二侧壁贴合，使第一挡板25将第二出音孔13封堵，以使扬声组件处于听筒的模式；当第二记忆合金板23为第二形态向第一形态转换时，第二驱动电极24接收第三控制信号，使第二驱动电路中通入第三电流(第三电流的大小可以为零安，或者是第一电流较小)，根据记忆合金板的特性，第二子板231会向恢复至其初始的位置，或向其初始位置所在的方向运动，进而拉动所述第一挡板25使第一挡板25与第二出音孔13脱离，以实现扬声组件在听筒和外放模式之间的转换。
在一种实施例中，驱动部被配置为阻挡部的位置变化，以使阻挡部具有第一位置和第 二位置，当阻挡部位于第一位置时，阻挡部未封堵第二出音孔，阻挡部位于第二位置时，阻挡部封堵第二出音孔。驱动部和阻挡部之间具有磁力；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，驱动部和阻挡部之间的磁力为第一力，阻挡部未封堵第二出音孔，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，驱动部和阻挡部之间的磁力为第二力，阻挡部封堵第二出音孔，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率。图4a扬声组件中磁性板未将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图4a中A的方向为第二侧壁的高度方向，图4b为扬声组件中磁性板将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图4c扬声组件中磁性板未将第二出音孔封堵的立体图。参照图4a、图4b和图4c，阻挡部可以包括磁性板27，驱动部可以包括电磁线圈26和控制电路，磁性板27作为可移动的结构，具有不同的位置或状态。其中，电磁线圈26设置在壳体10中，或者电磁线圈26可以设置在音腔11中，磁性板27设置在第二侧壁朝向音腔的一侧，且磁性板27可以贴附于第二侧壁，磁性板27与磁性线圈26位置相对设置；控制电路与电磁线圈26连接，控制电路用于控制磁性线圈26内电流的大小，以使电磁线圈26与磁性板27之间的磁力在第一力和第二力之间转换，进而使电磁线圈26吸引磁性板27在第二侧壁的高度方向上往复的移动。磁性板27的初始位置可以是靠近电磁线圈26的一端，也可以是远离电磁线圈26的一端；当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，控制电路控制磁性线圈26中通入的电流量，以控制磁性线圈26磁性力的大小，进而驱动磁性板27移动至第二出音孔13所在的位置，将第二出音孔13封堵，从而降低发声部件30产生的声音经第二出音孔13外泄至外部环境的机率，以保护用户的隐私；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，控制电路需要再次调节磁性线圈通入的电流量，以驱动磁性板27移动至使第二出音孔13可以与音腔11连通的位置，使发声部件30产生的声音可以经过第一出音孔12及第二出音孔13至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果。
需要说明的是，为了提高磁性板27移动的稳定性，可以在第二侧壁上设置有导轨，在磁性板27朝向第二侧壁的一侧设有与导轨配合的导向槽，其中，导轨和导向槽均沿第二侧壁的高度方向设置，以使磁性板27在受到电磁线圈的作用时，磁性板能够沿第二侧壁的高度方向稳定运动。另外，为了使磁性板27能够稳定的移动至与第二出音孔13相对应的位置，可以预先测试出通入电磁线圈26中电流的大小。
在一种实施例中，驱动部可以为设置为驱动电机以及与驱动电机连接传动机构，阻挡部可设置为挡板、磁性板或挡块等，此时，也可以在第二侧壁上设有导轨，在挡板、磁性板或挡块朝向第二侧壁的一侧设置有与导轨配合的导向槽，驱动电机可以设置壳体或音腔中，传动机构的一端驱动电机连接，另一端与挡板、磁性板或挡块连接，以使挡板、磁性板或挡板能够沿第二侧壁的高度方向移动。当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，控制驱动电机输出的功率及驱动电机输出轴转动的方向，以驱动挡板、磁性板或挡块移动至第二出音孔所在的位置，将第二出音孔封堵，从而降低发声部件产生的声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的机率，以保护用户的隐私；当扬声组件处于外放模式时，调整电路驱动电机输出的功率及驱动电机输出轴转动的方向，驱动挡板、磁性板或挡块移动至使第二出音孔可以与音腔连通的位置，使发声部件产生的声音可以经过第一出音孔及第二出音孔至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果。
在一种实施例中，驱动部被配置为可以驱动阻挡部的旋转状态变化，以使阻挡部具有第一旋转状态和第二旋转状态。其中，阻挡部位于第一旋转状态时，阻挡部未封堵第二出 音孔，扬声组件处于外放模式，声音可以经第一出音孔和第二出音孔传播至外部环境，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；阻挡部位于第二旋转状态时，阻挡部封堵第二出音孔，扬声组件处于听筒模式，以降低声音经第二出音孔外泄至外部环境的概率。图5a扬声组件中第二挡板未将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图5b为扬声组件中第二挡板将第二出音孔封堵的结构示意图，图5c为扬声组件中第二挡板将第二出音孔封堵、第三挡板将第一出音孔封堵的结构示意图。参照图5a、图5b和图5c，阻挡部可以包括主板290和第二挡板291，第二挡板291设置在主板290的边沿，第二挡板291可以与主板290呈夹角设置(第二挡板291可以与主板290垂直或呈锐角及钝角设置)，且第二挡板291外轮廓的长度小于主板290外轮廓的长度；驱动部28可以包括第三记忆合金板280和第三驱动电极，第三记忆合金板280的一端可以固定设置在音腔11的底壁，第三记忆合金板280的另一端可以与主板290连接(第三记忆合金板280的结构可以与第二记忆合金板的结构相同，此处不再进行赘述)。具体应用时，第三记忆合金板280内设置有第三驱动电路，当第三驱动电极接收第五控制信号，向第三驱动电路输入第五电流时，第三驱动电极可以驱动第三驱动电路，以使一部分第三记忆合金板280相对另一部分第三记忆合金板280在音腔11内转动，进而带动与第三记忆合金板280连接的主板290在音腔11内转动，其中，设置在主板290上的第二挡板291随主板290运动的路径经过第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13。因此，当扬声组件处于听筒模式时，第三记忆合金板280可以驱动主板290在音腔11中转动，并使设置在主板290上的第二挡板291固定于与第二出音孔13相对应的位置(第二旋转状态)，以将第二出音孔13封堵，进而降低发声部件30产生的声音经第二出音孔13外泄至外部环境的机率，以保护用户的隐私。
驱动部还可以包括定位板281、转动板282、第四记忆合金板283(第四记忆合金板283的结构可以与第二记忆合金板的结构相同，此处不再进行赘述)以及第四驱动电极，第四驱动电极可以设置在第四记忆合金板283上，第四记忆合金板283中设置有与第四驱动电极连接的第四驱动电路，转动板282与定位板281连接，转动板282可以相对于定位板281转动，转动板282远离定位板281的一端固定在音腔11的底壁，第三记忆合金板280和第四记忆合金板283设置转动板282以及定位板281的两侧。当第三驱动电极驱动第三记忆合金板280将第二挡板291带动至与第二出音孔13相对的位置，以将第二出音孔13封堵时，扬声组件处于听筒模式；当扬声组件需要从听筒模式向外放模式转换时，需要让第二挡板291转动至与第二出音孔13错开的位置，使第一出音孔12以及第二出音孔13均与音腔11连通，此时，第三驱动电极可以接收第七控制信号，向第三驱动电路输入第七电流，以使第三记忆合金板280向其初始的位置运动，进而带动第二挡板291与第一出音孔12以及第二出音孔13所在的位置错开，而为了提高扬声组件在听筒和扬声模式之间切换的速度，第四驱动电极也可以收第六控制信号，使第四驱动电路输入第六电流，以驱动第四记忆合金板283使第二挡板291向其初始的位置运动，保证扬声组件能够在听筒和外放模式之间快速切换，即第二挡板291能够快速将第二出音孔13封堵，或者使第二出音孔13与音腔11连通。
需要说明的是，当第三记忆合金板280和第三驱动电极损坏时，定位板281、转动板282、第四记忆合金板283以及第四驱动电极依然可以驱动阻挡板转动。另外，图5d为扬声组件中驱动部为又一种结构的示意图，图5e为扬声组件中第二挡板将第二出音孔封堵、第三挡板将第一出音孔封堵的立体图，参照图5d和图5e，驱动部也可以只包括定位板281、 转动板282、第四记忆合金板283和第四驱动电极，其中，转动板282与定位板281转动连接，且定位板281固定在音腔11的底壁，转动板282还与主板290连接，第四记忆合金板283设置在定位板281和转动板282远离主板290的一侧，第四记忆合金板283中还设有与第四驱动电极连接的第四驱动电路，当第四驱动电极向第四驱动电路输入第六电流时，第四驱动电路可以驱动第四记忆合金板283转动，以使转动板282以及主板290随着第四记忆合金板283转动，进而驱动第二挡板291将第二出音孔13封堵，或使第二出音孔13与音腔11连通。
在上述的实施例中，阻挡部29还可以具第三旋转状态，阻挡部29还可以包括第三挡板292，第三挡292板可以与第二挡板291设置在主板290的同侧，且第三挡板292与第二挡板291间隔设置，以使第三挡板292和第二挡板291之间形成有可以与第一出音孔12及第二出音孔13相对的开槽293；当阻挡部29处于第一旋转状态时，扬声组件可以处于外放模式，此时，开槽293与第二出音孔13对应，第三挡板292不与第一出音孔12对应，第一出音孔12及第二出音孔13均能够与音腔11连通，发声部件30产生的声音可以经过第一出音孔12及第二出音孔13至外部环境中，以优化扬声组件的立体声播放效果；当阻挡部29处于第二旋转状态时，扬声组件可以处于听筒模式，此时，开槽293与第一出音孔12对应，第二挡板291与第二出音孔13对应，将第二出音孔13封堵，以降低发声部件30产生的声音经第二出音孔13泄露至外部环境的机率，以保护用户的隐私；当阻挡部29处于第三旋转状态时，扬声组件可以处于不工作的状态，此时，第三挡板292将第一出音孔12封堵，第二挡板291将第二出音孔13封堵，由于第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13被封堵，扬声组件外部的灰尘以及水滴等杂质进入到音腔11中的机率降低，可以提高扬声组件的使用寿命。
需要说明的是，主板290横截面可以呈半圆形、半椭圆形或扇形，只要是保证主板290能够在音腔11中转动即可。转动板282与定位板281转动连接的连接部与主板290的中心重合，且第三记忆合金板280和第四记忆合金板283的中心也与主板290的中心重合，以便于第三记忆合金板280和第四记忆合金板283驱动主板290转动。在具体设置第二挡板291与第三挡292时，第二挡板291和第三挡板292也可以是贯穿主板290，且第二挡板291和第三挡板292在与第二出音孔13和第一出音孔12相对应时，能够将第二出音孔13和第一出音孔12封堵即可。另外，驱动部28的厚度小于主板290的厚度，以保证发声部件30产生的声音可以到达第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13。
在上述实施例中，以第二出音孔13需要选择性的封堵为例进行说明。在其它实施例中，第一出音孔12也可以被选择性的封堵，或者，第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13均可以被选择性的封堵。其中，第一出音孔12被选择性的封堵的方式可以参考上述实施例中第二出音孔13被封堵的方式，此外，第一出音孔12和第二出音孔13的封堵方式可以不同。
本申请还提供了一种移动终端，该移动终端可以包括主体和上述第一方面中任一可能设计的技术方案中的扬声组件，体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面以及连接第一面和第二面的多个侧面，体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面以及连接第一面和第二面的多个侧面，主体上设有用于安装所述扬声组件的容纳腔，其中一个侧面上设有与第一出音孔对应的第一开孔，第一面背离所述第二面的一侧设有与所述第二出音孔对应的第二开孔。此种移动终端可以具有良好的立体声效果，还能够降低隐私泄露的机率。其中，移动终端可以是耳 机、手机以及平板电子设备。由于上述第一方面中提出的扬声组件具有降低声音外泄至外部环境的概率，防止用户的隐私泄露，从而保护用户的隐私，也避免对其他人造成噪音干扰的技术效果，因此具有该扬声组件的终端设备也具有相同的技术效果。
在上述实施例中，扬声组件中可以只包括第一出音孔，此时，封堵结构可以选择性的封堵第一出音孔，而具有该扬声组件的移动终端上也仅设有与第一出音孔对应的第一开孔，此时，封堵结构可选择的封堵第一出音孔，可以降低灰尘以及水滴等杂质通过第一开孔及第一出音孔进入到音腔中的机率降低，提高移动终端中扬声组件的使用寿命。另外，扬声组件也可以只包括第二出音孔，此时，封堵结构可以选择性的封堵第二出音孔，而具有该扬声组件的移动终端上也仅设有与第二出音孔对应的第二开孔，此时，封堵结构可选择的封堵第二出音孔，可以降低灰尘以及水滴等杂质通过第二开孔及第二出音孔进入到音腔中的机率降低，提高移动终端中扬声组件的使用寿命。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种扬声组件，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内具有音腔，所述壳体的第一侧壁上设有第一出音孔，所述壳体的第二侧壁上设有第二出音孔，其中，所述第一出音孔和所述第二出音孔均与所述音腔连通；
    封堵结构，所述封堵结构用于选择性的封堵所述第二出音孔；
    发声部件，所述发声部件设置于所述壳体中，且所述发声部件的出音部远离所述音腔的内壁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述封堵结构包括驱动部和阻挡部，所述阻挡部设置于所述音腔靠近所述第二出音孔的一侧，所述驱动部用于驱动所述阻挡部选择性的封堵所述第二出音孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部的形状可变，所述驱动部被配置为驱动所述阻挡部的形状变化。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部包括第一记忆合金板，所述驱动部包括第一驱动电极；
    当所述第一驱动电极处于第一导电状态时，所述第一记忆合金板呈现第一形状，所述第一记忆合金板未封堵所述第二出音孔；
    当所述第一驱动电极处于第二导电状态时，所述第一记忆合金板呈现第二形状，所述第一记忆合金板封堵所述第二出音孔。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部还包括与所述第一驱动电极连接的第一驱动电路，所述第一记忆合金板设置于所述第二侧壁朝向所述音腔的一侧，所述第一驱动电路设置于所述第一记忆合金板；
    当所述第一驱动电极处于第一导电状态时，所述第一驱动电路通入第一电流，所述第一记忆合金板呈现第一形状；当所述第一驱动电极处于第二导电状态时，所述第一驱动电路通入第二电流，所述第一记忆合金板呈现第二形状。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述第一记忆合金板包括：
    固定部，所述固定部用于将所述第一记忆合金板固定于所述音腔中；
    与所述固定部连接的收卷部，所述第一驱动电路设置于所述收卷部中；
    所述第一记忆合金板由所述第一形状向所述第二形状转换时，所述第一驱动电路通入第二电流，以驱动所述收卷部展开，且展开后的所述收卷部与所述第二侧壁贴合，且展开后的所述收卷部将所述第二出音孔覆盖。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述固定部通过卡接于所述第二侧壁朝向所述音腔的一侧，实现将所述第一记忆合金板固定于所述音腔中。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部的形状可变，所述驱动部通过形状变化来驱动所述阻挡部选择性的封堵所述第二出音孔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部包括第二记忆合金板，所述驱动部与所述阻挡部连接；
    当所述第二记忆合金板呈现第一形态时，所述阻挡部未封堵所述第二出音孔；
    当所述第二记忆合金板呈现第二形态时，所述阻挡部封堵所述第二出音孔。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部包括第一挡板，所述驱 动部还包括第二驱动电极和第二驱动电路；
    所述第二记忆合金板包括相互连接的第一子板和第二子板，所述第一子板固定于所述第二侧壁朝向所述音腔的一侧，所述第二子板内设有所述第二驱动电路，所述第二驱动电极与所述第二驱动电路连接，所述第一挡板与所述第二子板连接；
    其中，当所述第二驱动电极向所述第二驱动电路输入第三电流时，所述第二子板拉动所述第一挡板远离所述第二侧壁，以使所述第二记忆合金板呈现第一形态；当第二驱动电极向所述第二驱动电路输入第四电流时，所述第二子板推动所述第一挡板与所述第二侧壁贴合，以所述第二记忆合金板呈现第二形态。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部被配置为驱动所述阻挡部的位置变化；
    所述阻挡部位于第一位置时，所述阻挡部未封堵所述第二出音孔；
    所述阻挡部位于第二位置时，所述阻挡部封堵所述第二出音孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部和所述阻挡部之间具有磁力；
    所述驱动部与所述阻挡部之间的磁力为第一力时，所述阻挡部未封堵所述第二出音孔；
    所述驱动部与所述阻挡部之间的磁力为第二力时，所述阻挡部封堵所述第二出音孔。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部包括磁性板，所述驱动部包括电磁线圈，所述磁性板设置于所述第二侧壁朝向所述音腔的一侧，所述电磁线圈位于所述壳体中，且所述电磁线圈在所述音腔底壁的投影与所述磁性板在所述音腔底壁的投影至少部分重合；
    所述电磁线圈用于驱动所述磁性板在所述第二侧壁上运动，以使所述第二出音孔处于开启状态或处于封闭状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部还包括用于与所述电磁线圈连接的控制电路，所述控制电路用于控制流经所述电磁线圈的电流大小，以使所述电磁线圈与所述磁性板之间的磁力在所述第一力和所述第二力之间转换。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述驱动部被配置为驱动所述阻挡部的旋转状态变化；
    所述阻挡部位于第一旋转状态时，所述阻挡部未封堵所述第二出音孔；
    所述阻挡部位于第二旋转状态时，所述阻挡部封堵所述第二出音孔。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部包括主板和设置于所述主板上的第二挡板；
    所述驱动部与所述主板连接，所述第二出音孔位于所述第二挡板的转动路径上；
    所述驱动部包括第三记忆合金板和第三驱动电极；所述第三记忆合金板的一端固定连接所述音腔的底壁，所述第三记忆合金板的另一端与所述主板连接，其中，所述第三记忆合金板中设有第三驱动电路，所述第三驱动电路与所述第三驱动电极连接，当所述第三驱动电极向所述第三驱动电路输入第五电流时，所述第三记忆合金板驱动所述主板带动所述第二挡板处于第二旋转状态，以将所述第二出音孔封堵。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部包括主板和设置于所述主板上的第二挡板；
    所述驱动部包括定位板、转动板、第四记忆合金板和第四驱动电极；
    所述定位板固定于所述音腔的底壁，所述转动板转动连接于所述定位板远离所述音腔的底壁的一端，所述转动板还与所述主板连接；
    所述第四记忆合金板的一端设置于所述定位板的一侧，所述第四记忆合金板的另一端设置于转动板的一侧，第四记忆合金板中设有第四驱动电路，所述第四驱动电极与所述第四驱动电路连接；
    当所述第四驱动电极向所述第四驱动电路输入第六电流时，所述第四记忆合金板驱动所述转动板带动所述第二挡板处于第一旋转状，使所述第二挡板远离所述第二出音孔，以使所述第二出音孔与所述音腔连通。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述第二挡板设置于所述主板的边沿，且所述第二挡板与所述主板呈夹角设置，且所述第二挡板外轮廓的长度小于所述主板外轮廓的长度。
  19. 根据权利要求16、17或18所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部还包括第三挡板，所述第三挡板设置于所述主板的边沿，且所述第三挡板与所述第二挡板间隔设置，以使所述第三挡板与所述第二挡板之间形成有开槽；
    当阻挡部位于第一旋转状态时，所述开槽与所述第二出音孔对应，所述第一出音孔以及所述第二出音孔均与所述音腔连通；
    所述阻挡部位于第二旋转状态时，所述开槽与所述第一出音孔对应，且所述第二挡板将所述第二出音孔封堵。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述阻挡部还具有使所述第三挡板将所述第一出音孔封堵、且使所述第二挡板将所述第二出音孔封堵的第三旋转状态。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20任一项所述的扬声组件，其特征在于，所述第一侧壁上设有一个或多个第一通孔，以形成所述第一出音孔；
    所述第二侧壁上设有一个或多个第二通孔，以形成所述第二出音孔。
  22. 一种移动终端，其特征在于，包括主体和如权利要求1至21任一项所述的扬声器组件，所述主体具有相对设置的第一面和第二面以及连接所述第一面和所述第二面的多个侧面，所述主体的第一面为显示端，所述主体上设有用于安装所述扬声组件的容纳腔，其中一个所述侧面上设有与所述第一出音孔对应的第一开孔，所述第一面背离所述第二面的一侧设有与所述第二出音孔对应的第二开孔。
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CN109246294A (zh) * 2018-08-24 2019-01-18 维沃移动通信有限公司 一种终端及应用于终端的扬声器出音控制方法
CN110267157A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-09-20 Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 移动终端
CN112291399A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-29 维沃移动通信有限公司 发声模组、电子设备及其控制方法和控制装置

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JP2014021141A (ja) * 2012-07-12 2014-02-03 Casio Comput Co Ltd 鍵盤楽器
CN207317978U (zh) * 2017-10-23 2018-05-04 南京开天眼无人机科技有限公司 一种带通孔的压力传感器
CN109246294A (zh) * 2018-08-24 2019-01-18 维沃移动通信有限公司 一种终端及应用于终端的扬声器出音控制方法
CN110267157A (zh) * 2019-05-30 2019-09-20 Oppo（重庆）智能科技有限公司 移动终端
CN112291399A (zh) * 2020-10-28 2021-01-29 维沃移动通信有限公司 发声模组、电子设备及其控制方法和控制装置

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