WO2023001153A1 - 波导结构和头戴显示设备 - Google Patents
波导结构和头戴显示设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023001153A1 WO2023001153A1 PCT/CN2022/106545 CN2022106545W WO2023001153A1 WO 2023001153 A1 WO2023001153 A1 WO 2023001153A1 CN 2022106545 W CN2022106545 W CN 2022106545W WO 2023001153 A1 WO2023001153 A1 WO 2023001153A1
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of optical display technology, in particular to a waveguide structure and a head-mounted display device.
- Head Mount Display sends optical signals to the user's eyes through various devices set up, such as realizing virtual reality (VR, Virtual Reality), augmented reality (AR, Augmented Reality) or mixed reality (MR, mixed reality) ) and other different effects.
- augmented reality is to superimpose display images on the basis of real images.
- the external light of the head-mounted display device needs to enter the interior of the head-mounted display device, so the internal light of the head-mounted display device is also easily projected outside. .
- the internal screen of the head-mounted display device is exposed to the outside, and the user's privacy is leaked.
- the polarization state changes, making it difficult to effectively reduce light leakage.
- the existing head-mounted display devices After the internal light is transmitted, the polarization state of the light changes, which makes it difficult to effectively reduce light leakage and cause user privacy to be leaked. It is necessary to provide a waveguide structure and The head-mounted display device is designed to effectively reduce light leakage to the outside, thereby effectively protecting user privacy.
- the present application proposes a waveguide structure, the waveguide structure includes:
- a waveguide plate the waveguide plate has a first surface and a second surface oppositely arranged, the waveguide plate includes a light coupling end and a light outcoupling end, the light coupling end is arranged on the first surface or the The second surface, the light coupling end is arranged on the first surface or the second surface, the light enters the waveguide plate at the light coupling end, and passes between the first surface and the second surface. Total reflection between the two surfaces, the light is emitted from the light coupling end; and
- the side of the waveguide plate away from the light coupling end is the first area
- the side of the waveguide plate away from the light coupling end is the second area
- the polarizer is arranged on the first In the first region and/or the second region
- the polarizer has a polarization transmission axis
- the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident light.
- the waveguide structure further includes a quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is disposed between the waveguide plate and part of the polarizer.
- both the first region and the second region are arranged on the first surface, the number of contact times of light rays with the first surface is N1, and the number of polarizers is N2, then: N1 ⁇ N2.
- polarizers are arranged in rows and/or columns.
- the polarizer is a regular polygonal structure.
- the polarizer is a film structure.
- the polarizer is plated on the waveguide
- the polarizer is attached to the waveguide plate.
- the light outcoupling end faces the user's eyes
- the second surface is an inner surface facing the user's eyes
- the first surface is an outer surface facing away from the user's eyes
- the polarizer is arranged on the The outer surface.
- the waveguide structure includes an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating, the in-coupling grating is disposed at the light in-coupling end, and the out-coupling grating is disposed at the light out-coupling end.
- the waveguide structure includes a collimating lens group, and the light is incident on the coupling grating through the collimating lens group, and then enters the waveguide plate through the coupling grating.
- the present application also provides a head-mounted display device, the head-mounted display device includes a housing and the above-mentioned waveguide structure, the waveguide structure is directly or indirectly provided on the housing.
- the light enters the waveguide at the light coupling end, and the light propagates to the first surface after passing through the second surface.
- the incident angle is greater than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection, and the light passes through the optically dense Shooting towards an optically sparse medium satisfies the condition of total reflection of light.
- the light is emitted from the first surface to the second surface, and similarly, the light also satisfies the condition of total reflection of light on the second surface. It can be seen from this that the light is totally reflected between the first surface and the second surface, and is emitted at the light coupling end.
- the polarization state of the light will change, and polarized light with different polarization directions will be formed in the first region of the first surface.
- the polarizer is disposed on the first surface and/or the second surface.
- Each polarizer has a polarization transmission axis. When the light is incident on the first area or the second area, the light is incident on the polarizer.
- the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident light.
- Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the waveguide structure of the present application
- Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the waveguide plate in the waveguide structure of the present application is not provided with a polarizer;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the polarization state of one embodiment of light in the first region in the present application
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the polarizer of FIG. 3 in the present application.
- label name label name 10 Waveguide 20 polarizer 110 first surface 30 the light 111 first area 310 first ray 112 second area 320 second ray 120 second surface 40 collimating lens
- connection and “fixation” should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, “fixation” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
- fixing can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
- the polarization state changes.
- the changed light includes light in various polarization states.
- the polarization direction of the light is set at an included angle.
- the polarization states may be different at different times, and it is difficult to effectively reduce light leakage in the face of light with different polarization directions.
- the present application provides a waveguide structure, which includes: a waveguide plate 10 and a polarizer 20 .
- the waveguide 10 is used for propagating light 30 , and the light 30 satisfies the condition of total reflection of light when passing in the waveguide 10 .
- the light 30 can be transmitted from one end to the other end through the waveguide 10 .
- the polarizer 20 has a polarization transmission axis, and the polarization direction of the light 30 is the same as the polarization transmission axis, so the light 30 can pass through the polarizer 20 . If the polarization direction of the light 30 is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis, the light 30 is absorbed by the polarizer 20 , and the light 30 cannot pass through the polarizer 20 .
- the waveguide 10 has a first surface 110 and a second surface 120 opposite to each other.
- the waveguide 10 includes a light coupling end and a light coupling end.
- the light coupling end is arranged on the first surface or the second surface. on the first or second surface.
- the light coupling end and the light coupling end can be arranged on the same surface, or on two opposite surfaces.
- the light coupling end and the light coupling end are arranged on the second surface 120, the light 30 enters the waveguide 10 at the light coupling end, and is totally reflected between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120, The light 30 is emitted from the light coupling end; the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 are parallel to each other.
- the polarization state of the light 30 changes after multiple reflections.
- the initial polarization state of light 30 is horizontally polarized.
- the polarization state of light 30 may still be linearly polarized light, but the polarization transmission axis is the same or different from the initial one, or it is elliptically polarized light.
- elliptically polarized light When elliptically polarized light When the amplitudes of the two orthogonal axes are equal, circularly polarized light will be exactly formed.
- At least one polarizer 20 is provided, the side of the waveguide plate 10 facing away from the light coupling end is the first area 111, and the side of the waveguide plate 10 facing away from the light coupling end is the second area 112, that is to say, only at the light coupling position
- the light at the corresponding contact position is the first region 111
- the light at the light outcoupling position is the second region 112 at the corresponding contact position.
- the polarizer 20 is disposed in the first area 111 and/or the second area 112 , the polarizer 20 has a polarization transmission axis, and the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer 20 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident light.
- the first situation is that the polarizer is disposed in the first region 111 .
- the polarizer is disposed in the second region 112 .
- polarizers are provided in both the first region 111 and the second region 112 . Since the first region 111 is a part of the first surface or the second surface, and the second region 112 is a part of the first surface or the second surface, that is to say, the polarizer is disposed on the first surface 110 or the second surface 120 .
- both the first area 111 and the second area 112 are set on the first surface.
- the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the light 30 in the first region 111 and the second region 112 .
- the polarization transmission axis design of the polarizer to be orthogonal to the polarization directions corresponding to the first region 111 and the second region 112, so that when the light 30 passes through the polarizer, the light 30 cannot pass through the polarization transmission axis, and the light 30 absorbed.
- the number of the first region 111 may be one or more.
- the number of the second region 112 can be one or more.
- the light 30 enters the waveguide 10 at the light coupling end, and the light 30 propagates to the first surface 110 after passing through the second surface 120.
- the incident angle is greater than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection
- the light 30 shoots from the optically denser medium to the optically rarer medium, which satisfies the condition of total reflection of light.
- the light 30 is emitted from the first surface 110 to the second surface 120 , and similarly, the light 30 also satisfies the condition of total reflection of light on the second surface 120 . It can be seen from this that the light 30 is totally reflected between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 and exits at the light coupling end.
- the polarization state of the light 30 will change, forming linearly polarized light with different polarization directions in the first region 111 of the first surface 110 .
- the polarizer 20 is disposed on the first surface 110 and/or the second surface 120 . That is to say, the polarizer 20 can be disposed on the first surface 110 or on the second surface 120 . Alternatively, the polarizer 20 is disposed on both the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 .
- Each polarizer 20 has a polarization transmission axis.
- the light When the light is incident on the first region 111 or the second region 112, the light is incident on the polarizer 20, and the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer 20 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident light. . It can be seen that the light on the side away from the light coupling end cannot pass through the corresponding polarizer 20, and the light is intercepted and absorbed. Similarly, the light on the side away from the light outcoupling end cannot pass through the corresponding polarizer 20, thereby reducing the situation that the internal light 30 is projected to the outside, effectively protecting user privacy.
- the light 30 is transmitted in the waveguide 10, the polarization transmission axis of the linear polarization state may be diverted, and may also be converted into a circular polarization state or an elliptical polarization state, see Fig. 3 Polarization state of the upper right position graph of the image on the left.
- the waveguide structure further includes a quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is arranged between the waveguide 10 and the partial polarizer 20 .
- a quarter-wave plate is provided at the position of the circularly polarized light 30 in the first region 111 to convert the nonlinearly polarized light 30 into a linearly polarized state.
- the polarization state of the light is assumed to be circular polarization. If it is necessary to convert circular polarization into linear polarization.
- the linearly polarized light is obtained by adding a quarter-wave plate, while ensuring that the polarization direction of the converted linearly polarized light 30 is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis of the corresponding polarizer. Referring to Fig. 4, there are 4 polarizers, and the stripes of the polarizers represent the polarization directions.
- the polarizers in FIG. 4 respectively correspond to the upper left, upper right, lower left to lower right of the right image position in FIG. 3 from upper left, upper right, lower left to lower right in sequence. It can be seen that the polarization direction of each region in the image on the right side of Figure 3 is perpendicular to the polarization transmission axis of the polarizer in Figure 4 . Light is blocked and absorbed by polarizers.
- the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate should be adjusted to be parallel to the long axis of the ellipse, so that the elliptically polarized light remains linearly polarized after passing through the quarter-wave plate, and then Cooperate with polarizers whose optical axes are perpendicular to each other for extinction.
- both the first region 111 and the second region 112 are disposed on the first surface 110, and the polarization state of the light 30 in the first region 111 and the polarization state of the second region 112 may have the same polarization state .
- a polarizer with the same polarization transmission axis can be set, that is, a polarization with the same polarization transmission axis can be set at the positions of the first region 111 and the second region 112 in the same polarization state. device 20.
- a polarizer 20 is provided at the positions of the adjacent first regions 111 and second regions 112 .
- there may also be two second regions 112 and one first region 111 and two second regions 112 are correspondingly provided with a polarizer with the same polarization transmission axis. It can be concluded that the number of contact times of the light 30 on the first surface 110 is N1, and the number of polarizers is N2, so that N1 ⁇ N2 is satisfied.
- the position of the polarizer is set according to the positions of the first region 111 and the second region 112 . That is, it is set according to the propagation path of the light 30 .
- polarizers may be arranged in a row, or in a column, or both. For example, according to the arrangement of 1*3, and for another example, according to the arrangement of 3*1, that is, there are three in one column. Or a 3*4 arrangement, that is, 3 rows and 4 columns, a total of 12 areas. A 2*2 arrangement may also be used.
- the number of the first region 111 may be one, and the rest may be the second region 112, so as to ensure that the light is emitted in a larger range.
- the polarizer 20 is a square area. It can be rectangular or square. It can be understood that the polarizer 20 is set separately, and then a plurality of polarizers 20 are spliced together. In order to reduce the gap between multiple polarizers 20 , the polarizers 20 are arranged in a square shape, which can effectively realize the docking of multiple polarizers 20 . In addition, the polarizer 20 can also be set in other shapes, as long as it can ensure that the polarizer 20 can cover the first area 111 or the second area 112 .
- the outcoupling position of the light 30 may also include multiple, for example, there are two outcoupling positions, the light emitted from one outcoupling position is the first light 310 , and the light emitted from the other outcoupling position is the second light 320 .
- Polarizers 20 are correspondingly arranged at the two outcoupling positions.
- the polarizer 20 in order to reduce the volume of the waveguide structure, is a film structure.
- the thickness of the film layer structure is relatively thin, which is beneficial to the reduction of the volume of the waveguide structure. It facilitates the miniaturization of the head-mounted display device.
- the first configuration method is that the polarizer 20 is coated on the waveguide plate 10 ; the film coating method can make the film layer more firm and denser, thereby improving the wear resistance of the polarizer 20 .
- the second arrangement is that the polarizer 20 is attached to the waveguide 10 .
- One side of the original polarizer 20 is provided with a release film, the release film is torn off, and the polarizer 20 is attached to the waveguide plate 10 through optical glue.
- the pasting method is easy to operate and easy to complete production.
- the light outcoupling end faces the user's eyes
- the second surface 120 is the inner surface facing the user's eyes
- the first surface 110 is the outer surface facing away from the user's eyes
- the polarizer is disposed on the outer surface. It can be seen from this that the polarizer is arranged at a position away from the user's eyes on the waveguide, so as to ensure that the light incident to the user is blocked by the polarizer and will not be transmitted to the external environment.
- the waveguide structure in order to smoothly couple the light 30 into the waveguide 10, or couple the light 30 out of the waveguide 10, the waveguide structure includes an in-coupling grating and an out-coupling grating, and the in-coupling grating is arranged on the light coupling
- the input end and the output coupling grating are arranged at the light output end.
- the in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating disposed on the first surface 110 are reflection gratings
- the coupling-in gratings disposed on the second surface 120 are transmission gratings.
- the waveguide structure is applied to an AR display, wherein the AR display includes an image source, and the size of the image source is small.
- the overall structure may further include a collimating lens group 40 .
- the collimating lens group 40 may be an optical system composed of one or several lenses.
- the present application also provides a head-mounted display device.
- the head-mounted display device includes a housing and a waveguide structure as described above.
- the waveguide structure is directly or indirectly provided on the housing.
- the casing may include a mirror frame, which can provide an installation space for supporting the waveguide structure, and the waveguide structure is installed on the mirror frame, so that the user can wear the head-mounted display device through the mirror frame.
- the waveguide structure is fixed inside the casing or arranged outside the casing, and is directly or indirectly fixedly or detachably connected to the casing.
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Abstract
一种波导结构和包括波导结构的头戴显示设备。其中，波导结构包括：波导片（10）和偏振器（20），波导片（10）具有相对设置的第一表面（110）和第二表面（120），波导片（10）包括光线耦入端和光线耦出端，光线（30）于光线耦入端射入波导片（10），并在第一表面（110）和第二表面（120）之间全反射，光线（30）于光线耦出端射出；波导片（10）背离光线耦入端的一侧为第一区域（111），波导片（10）背离光线耦出端的一侧为第二区域（112），偏振器（20）设于第一区域（111）和/或第二区域（112），偏振器（20）具有偏振透光轴，偏振器（20）的偏振透光轴与入射的光线（30）的偏振方向正交。该波导结构和包括波导结构的头戴显示设备能够有效减少光线（30）外泄到外部，从而保护用户隐私。
Description
本申请要求于2021年7月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110816295.X、申请名称为“波导结构和头戴显示设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及光学显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种波导结构和头戴显示设备。
头戴显示设备(Head Mount Display)通过设置的各种器件向用户人眼发送光学信号，例如实现虚拟现实(VR，Virtual Reality)、增强现实(AR，Augmented Reality)或者混合现实(MR，mixed reality)等不同效果。其中增强现实是在现实画面的基础上叠加显示画面，在这个过程中，头戴显示设备的外部的光线需要进入到头戴显示设备的内部，如此头戴显示设备内部的光线也容易投射在外部。造成头戴显示设备内部画面暴露在外面，用户的隐私被泄露。尤其是内部光线在经过光学介质的传播后，偏振态发生了改变，更是难以有效减少光线外泄。
发明内容
基于此，针对现有的头戴显示设备，内部的光线在传递后，光线的偏振态发生了改变，难以有效减少光线外泄，造成用户隐私被泄露的问题，有必要提供一种波导结构和头戴显示设备，旨在能够有效减少光线外泄到外部，进而有效保护用户隐私。
为实现上述目的，本申请提出一种波导结构，所述波导结构包括：
波导片，所述波导片具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面，所述波导片包括光线耦入端和光线耦出端，所述光线耦入端设于所述第一表面或所述第二表面，所述光线耦出端设于所述第一表面或所述第二表面，光线于所述光线耦入端射入所述波导片，并在所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间全反射，光线于所述光线耦出端射出；以及
至少一偏振器，所述波导片背离所述光线耦入端的一侧为第一区域，所述波导片背离所述光线耦出端的一侧为第二区域，所述偏振器设于所述第一区域和/或所述第二区域，所述偏振器具有偏振透光轴，所述偏振器的偏振透光轴与入射光线的偏振方向正交。
可选地，所述波导结构还包括四分之一波片，所述四分之一波片设于与所述波导片与部分所述偏振器之间。
可选地，所述第一区域和所述第二区域均设置于所述第一表面，光线与所述第一表面的接触次数为N1，所述偏振器的数量为N2，则满足：N1≥N2。
可选地，若干所述偏振器按照行和/或列的方式排布。
可选地，所述偏振器为规则多边形结构。
可选地，所述偏振器为膜层结构。
可选地，所述偏振器镀制于所述波导片；
或者，所述偏振器贴附于所述波导片。
可选地，所述光线耦出端面向用户眼睛，所述第二表面为面向所述用户眼睛的内表面，所述第一表面为背离用户眼睛的外表面，所述偏振器设于所述外表面。
可选地，所述波导结构包括耦入光栅和耦出光栅，所述耦入光栅设于所述光线耦入端，所述耦出光栅设于所述光线耦出端。
可选地，所述波导结构包括准直镜组，光线经所述准直镜组入射到所述耦入光栅，并经所述耦入光栅射入所述波导片。
此外，为了解决上述问题，本申请还提供一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括壳体和如上文所述波导结构，所述波导结构直接或者间接设于所述壳体。
本申请提出的技术方案中，光线于光线耦入端射入波导片，光线在经过第二表面后传播至第一表面，此时，入射角大于或等于全反射临界角，光线由光密介质射向光疏介质，满足光的全反射条件。光线在由第一表面射向第二表面，同样地，光线在第二表面也满足光的全反射条件。由此可知，光线在第一表面和第二表面之间进行全反射，并于光线耦出端射出。光线在第一表面和第二表面的传递过程中，光线的偏振状态会发生变化，在第一表面的第一区域形成偏振方向不同的偏振光。通过在第一区域和/或第二区域设置偏振器，可以理解的是，偏振器设置在第一表面和/或第二表面。每一偏振器均具有偏振透光轴，光线在射向第一区域或第二区域时，光线入射至偏振器，偏振器的偏振透光轴与入射光线的偏振方向正交。由此可知在背离光线耦入端一侧的光线无法穿过相应的偏振器，光线被拦截吸收。同样的，在背离光 线耦出端一侧的光线也无法穿过相应的偏振器，继而减少内部光线投射到外部的情况，有效保护用户隐私。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请波导结构一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本申请波导结构中的波导片未设置偏振器一实施例的结构示意图；
图3为本申请中光线在第一区域的其中一实施例的偏振状态示意图；
图4为本申请中针对图3的偏振器的示意图。
附图标号说明：
| 标号 | 名称 | 标号 | 名称 |
| 10 | 波导片 | 20 | 偏振器 |
| 110 | 第一表面 | 30 | 光线 |
| 111 | 第一区域 | 310 | 第一光线 |
| 112 | 第二区域 | 320 | 第二光线 |
| 120 | 第二表面 | 40 | 准直透镜 |
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，本申请实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位 置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本申请中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
另外，本申请各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
头戴显示设备内部光线在经过光学介质的传播后，偏振态发生了改变，发生改变的光线中包括各种偏振状态的光线，例如光线偏振的方向呈夹角设置，光线每次在光学表面的时偏振状态都可能不同，面对不同偏振方向的光线，难以做到有效的减少光线外泄。
为了解决上述问题，参阅图1和图2所示，本申请提供一种波导结构，波导结构包括：波导片10和偏振器20。波导片10用于传播光线30，光线30在波导片10内传递时满足光的全反射条件。通过波导片10可以将光线30由一端传播至另一端。偏振器20具有偏振透光轴，光线30的偏振方向与偏振透光轴相同，则光线30能够穿过偏振器20。若光线30的偏振方向与偏振透光轴正交，则光线30被偏振器20吸收，光线30无法穿过偏振器20。
波导片10具有相对设置的第一表面110和第二表面120，波导片10包括光 线耦入端和光线耦出端，光线耦入端设于第一表面或第二表面，光线耦出端设于第一表面或第二表面。光线耦入端和光线耦出端可以设置于同一表面，也可以设置在相对的两个表面。一实施例中，光线耦入端和光线耦出端设于第二表面120，光线30于光线耦入端射入波导片10，并在第一表面110和第二表面120之间全反射，光线30于光线耦出端射出；第一表面110和第二表面120相互平行。光线30在波导片10内传递时，经过第一表面110和第二表面120的全反射，光线30经过多次反射后，光线30的偏振状态发生了改变。例如光线30初始的偏振状态水平方向偏振，经过多次反射后，光线30的偏振状态可能仍为线偏振光，但是偏振透光轴与初始相同或不同，或者为椭圆偏振光，当椭圆偏振光的两个正交轴的振幅相等时，又会恰好形成圆偏振光。
偏振器20至少设置一个，波导片10背离光线耦入端的一侧为第一区域111，波导片10背离光线耦出端的一侧为第二区域112，也就是说，只有在光线耦入位置的光线在相应的接触位置是第一区域111，在光线耦出位置的光线在相应的接触位置是第二区域112。偏振器20设于第一区域111和/或第二区域112，偏振器20具有偏振透光轴，偏振器20的偏振透光轴与入射光线的偏振方向正交。可以理解的是偏振器设置位置至少有三种情况，第一种情况是，偏振器设于第一区域111。第二种情况是，偏振器设于第二区域112。第三种情况是，在第一区域111和第二区域112均设置偏振器。由于第一区域111是第一表面或第二表面的一部分，第二区域112是第一表面或第二表面的一部分，也就是说偏振器设置在第一表面110或第二表面120。例如，在光线耦入端和光线耦出端均设于第二表面120的情况下，第一区域111和第二区域112均设置在第一表面。偏振器的偏振透光轴与光线30在第一区域111和第二区域112的偏振方向正交。通过设计光线30初始偏振状态，能够了解到光线30在第一区域111和第二区域112的偏振状态。将偏振器的偏振透光轴设计调整为与对应第一区域111和第二区域112的偏振方向正交，如此，光线30在经过偏振器时，光线30无法穿过偏振透光轴，光线30被吸收。需要指出的是，第一区域111的数量可以是一个，也可以是多个。同样地，第二区域112的数量可以是一个，也可以是多个。
本实施例提出的技术方案中，光线30于光线耦入端射入波导片10，光线30在经过第二表面120后传播至第一表面110，此时，入射角大于或等于全反 射临界角，光线30由光密介质射向光疏介质，满足光的全反射条件。光线30在由第一表面110射向第二表面120，同样地，光线30在第二表面120也满足光的全反射条件。由此可知，光线30在第一表面110和第二表面120之间进行全反射，并于光线耦出端射出。光线30在第一表面110和第二表面120的传递过程中，光线30的偏振状态会发生变化，在第一表面110的第一区域111形成偏振方向不同的线偏振光。通过在第一区域111和/或第二区域112设置偏振器20，可以理解的是，偏振器20设置在第一表面110和/或第二表面120。也就是说，偏振器20可以设置在第一表面110，也可以设置在第二表面120。或者是在第一表面110和第二表面120均设置偏振器20。每一偏振器20均具有偏振透光轴，光线在射向第一区域111或第二区域112时，光线入射至偏振器20，偏振器20的偏振透光轴与入射光线的偏振方向正交。由此可知在背离光线耦入端一侧的光线无法穿过相应的偏振器20，光线被拦截吸收。同样的，在背离光线耦出端一侧的光线也无法穿过相应的偏振器20，继而减少内部光线30投射到外部的情况，有效保护用户隐私。
参阅图3和图4所示，在上述实施例中，光线30在波导片10内传递，线偏振状态的偏振透光轴可能发生转向，还可能转化为圆偏振状态或椭圆偏振状态，参阅图3左侧图像的右上位置图形的偏振状态。为了保证该处非线性偏振状态的光线30也无法穿过波导片10，波导结构还包括四分之一波片，四分之一波片设于与波导片10与部分偏振器20之间。也就是说，在第一区域111为圆偏振状态的光线30的位置设置四分之一波片，将非线性偏振状态的光线30转化为线偏振状态。参阅图3右侧图像的右上位置图形，光线的偏振状态假设为圆偏振态，若需将圆偏振转化为线偏振。则通过增加四分之一波片来获得线偏振光，同时保证转化的线偏振光线30的偏振方向与对应偏振器的偏振透光轴正交。参阅图4所示，为4个偏振器，偏振器的条纹代表偏振方向。图4的偏振器依次从左上、右上、左下到右下分别对应图3中的右侧图像位置的左上、右上、左下到右下。可见图3右侧图像中每个区域的偏振方向与图4中偏振器的偏振透光轴正交。光线被偏振器阻挡吸收。同理，当偏振态为椭圆偏振态时，应调整四分之一波片的快轴与椭圆的长轴平行，使椭圆偏振光经四分之一波片后仍然变为线偏振光，再配合光轴相正交的偏振片进行消光。
在本申请的一实施例中，第一区域111和第二区域112均设置于第一表面 110，光线30在第一区域111的偏振状态和第二区域112的偏振态可能具有相同的偏振状态。如此，在相同的偏振状态的情况下，可以设置相同偏振透光轴的偏振器，即，在相同偏振状态下的第一区域111和第二区域112位置可以设置一个相同偏振透光轴的偏振器20。例如，两个相邻的第一区域111和第二区域112，对应的光线30偏振状态相同，则在该相邻的第一区域111和第二区域112位置设置一个偏振器20。当然，也可以是第二区域112设置有两个，则一个第一区域111和两个第二区域112对应设置一个相同偏振透光轴的偏振器。可以总结的是，光线30于第一表面110的接触次数为N1，偏振器的数量为N2，则满足：N1≥N2。
在本申请的一实施例中，偏振器的位置是按照第一区域111和第二区域112的位置来设置的。即是按照光线30的传播路径设置的。其中设置的方式包括多种，可以是若干偏振器按照行的方式排布，也可以是按照列的方式排布，还可以是行列的排布方式均有。例如，按照1*3的排布方式，再比如，按照3*1的排布方式，即1列设置有3个。或者是3*4的排布方式，即3行4列，共计12个区域。还可以是2*2的排布方式等。本实施例中，第一区域111的数量可以是1个，其余的可以是第二区域112，如此保证光线在较大范围内射出。
在本申请的一实施例中，偏振器20为方形区域。可以是长方形，也可以是正方形。可以理解为偏振器20单独设置的，然后将多个偏振器20拼接在一起。为了减少多个偏振器20之间的缝隙，将偏振器20设置为方形，可以有效实现多个偏振器20的对接。除此之外，偏振器20还可以设置为其它形状，只要能够保证偏振器20能够覆盖到第一区域111或第二区域112。光线30的耦出位置也可以包括有多个，例如耦出位置设置有两个，一个耦出位置射出的光线为第一光线310，另一个耦出位置射出的光线为第二光线320。在两个耦出位置均对应设置有偏振器20。
在上述实施例中，为了减少波导结构的体积，偏振器20为膜层结构。膜层结构厚度较薄，从而利于波导结构体积的减少。便于头戴显示设备的小型化。
进一步地，膜层结构的偏振器20在波导片10上的至少有两种设置方式。第一种设置方式是，偏振器20镀制于波导片10；采用镀膜方式能够使膜层更加牢固，并且膜层的致密性更高，从而提高偏振器20的耐磨性。
第二种设置方式是，偏振器20贴附于波导片10。原偏振器20的一面设置有离型膜，撕掉离型膜，通过光学胶将偏振器20贴附在波导片10上。粘贴的方式操作简便，易于完成生产制作。
在本申请的一实施例中，光线耦出端面向用户眼睛，第二表面120为面向用户眼睛的内表面，第一表面110为背离用户眼睛的外表面，偏振器设于外表面。如此可知，偏振器设置在波导片远离用户眼睛的位置，从而保证射向用户的光线被偏振器阻挡，不会射向外界环境。
在本申请的一实施例中，为了顺利的将光线30耦入进波导片10，或者将光线30耦出波导片10，波导结构包括耦入光栅和耦出光栅，耦入光栅设于光线耦入端，耦出光栅设于光线耦出端。例如，耦入光栅和耦出光栅设置在第一表面110则为反射光栅，设置在第二表面120则为透射光栅。通过耦入光栅的耦入作用，光线30在经过耦入光栅后，光线30射入波导片10内。通过耦出光栅的耦出作用，光线30在经过耦出光栅后，光线30射出波导片10。
在上述实施例中，波导结构应用于AR显示，其中AR显示中包括图像源，图像源的尺寸较小。具有一定发散角，为了使光线30射入波导片10时光线30为平行光，整体结构还可以包括准直镜组40，准直透镜40设于波导片10的第二表面120的一侧。准直镜组40可以是一个或数个镜片组成的光学系统。
本申请还提供一种头戴显示设备，头戴显示设备包括壳体和如上文波导结构，波导结构直接或者间接设于所述壳体。一些实施例中，壳体可以包括镜框，镜框能够提供一个支撑波导结构的安装空间，波导结构安装在镜框上，如此便于用户通过镜框佩戴头戴显示设备。另一些实施例中，波导结构固定于壳体内部或者设置于壳体外部、并直接或者间接与壳体固定连接或者可拆卸连接。
本申请的头戴显示器的实施方式可以参照上述波导结构各实施例，在此不再赘述。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的申请构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。
Claims (11)
- 一种波导结构，其特征在于，所述波导结构包括：波导片，所述波导片具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面，所述波导片包括光线耦入端和光线耦出端，所述光线耦入端设于所述第一表面或所述第二表面，所述光线耦出端设于所述第一表面或所述第二表面，光线于所述光线耦入端射入所述波导片，并在所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间全反射，光线于所述光线耦出端射出；以及至少一偏振器，所述波导片背离所述光线耦入端的一侧为第一区域，所述波导片背离所述光线耦出端的一侧为第二区域，所述偏振器设于所述第一区域和/或所述第二区域，所述偏振器具有偏振透光轴，所述偏振器的偏振透光轴与入射光线的偏振方向正交。
- 如权利要求1所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述波导结构还包括四分之一波片，所述四分之一波片设于与所述波导片与部分所述偏振器之间。
- 如权利要求1所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述第一区域和所述第二区域均设置于所述第一表面，光线与所述第一表面的接触次数为N1，所述偏振器的数量为N2，则满足：N1≥N2。
- 如权利要求1所述的波导结构，其特征在于，若干所述偏振器按照行和/或列的方式排布。
- 如权利要求1所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述偏振器为规则多边形结构。
- 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述偏振器为膜层结构。
- 如权利要求6所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述偏振器镀制于所述波导片；或者，所述偏振器贴附于所述波导片。
- 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述光线耦出端面向用户眼睛，所述第二表面为面向所述用户眼睛的内表面，所述第一表面为背离用户眼睛的外表面，所述偏振器设于所述外表面。
- 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述波导结构包括耦入光栅和耦出光栅，所述耦入光栅设于所述光线耦入端，所述耦出光栅设于所述光线耦出端。
- 如权利要求9所述的波导结构，其特征在于，所述波导结构包括准直镜组，光线经所述准直镜组入射到所述耦入光栅，并经所述耦入光栅射入所述波导片。
- 一种头戴显示设备，其特征在于，所述头戴显示设备包括壳体和如权利要求1至10中任一项所述波导结构，所述波导结构直接或者间接设于所述壳体。
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| CN110764265A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-07 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种近眼导光组件、显示装置 |
| CN110989172A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 平行现实（杭州）科技有限公司 | 一种超大视场角的波导显示装置 |
| KR102102888B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-04-21 | 고려대학교 세종산학협력단 | 향상된 fov를 갖는 증강현실 디스플레이 및 그의 웨이브 가이드 장치와 회절 광학 구조체 |
| CN210982919U (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳惠牛科技有限公司 | 一种具有防窃功能的光学模组、显示装置及增强现实设备 |
| CN111580279A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-25 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 显示装置及ar设备 |
| DE102019113642A1 (de) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Koppelelement für eine Dekorfläche |
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| CN108681073A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-10-19 | 王锐 | 一种增强现实光学显示系统 |
| CN110471185A (zh) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-19 | 瑞声通讯科技(常州)有限公司 | 波导增强现实显示装置 |
| CN212965627U (zh) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-04-13 | 深圳惠牛科技有限公司 | 一种增强现实系统及增强现实装置 |
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| KR102102888B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-04-21 | 고려대학교 세종산학협력단 | 향상된 fov를 갖는 증강현실 디스플레이 및 그의 웨이브 가이드 장치와 회절 광학 구조체 |
| DE102019113642A1 (de) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Koppelelement für eine Dekorfläche |
| CN110764265A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-07 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种近眼导光组件、显示装置 |
| CN210982919U (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳惠牛科技有限公司 | 一种具有防窃功能的光学模组、显示装置及增强现实设备 |
| CN110989172A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 平行现实（杭州）科技有限公司 | 一种超大视场角的波导显示装置 |
| CN111580279A (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-25 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 显示装置及ar设备 |
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