WO2023226142A1 - 一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备 - Google Patents

一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023226142A1
WO2023226142A1 PCT/CN2022/102014 CN2022102014W WO2023226142A1 WO 2023226142 A1 WO2023226142 A1 WO 2023226142A1 CN 2022102014 W CN2022102014 W CN 2022102014W WO 2023226142 A1 WO2023226142 A1 WO 2023226142A1
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Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
light
coupling
waveguide structure
optical
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PCT/CN2022/102014
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏如东
饶轶
吾晓
赵恩
董立超
程鑫
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歌尔光学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023226142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023226142A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B2027/0178—Eyeglass type

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of near-eye display technology, and more specifically, the embodiments of the present application relate to an optical waveguide structure, an optical module and a head-mounted display device.
  • optical waveguides are usually used as core components. Incident light can be transmitted within the optical waveguide based on the principle of total reflection. Among them, a diffraction grating is provided on the surface of the optical waveguide, and the diffraction grating is used to couple light into the interior of the optical waveguide, or to couple light out of the optical waveguide to display images.
  • a three-piece grating optical waveguide is usually used.
  • one is to share a layer of optical waveguide for RGB, which is thin but the field of view is limited. It can only achieve a small field of view;
  • another solution is to use a three-layer waveguide, which can achieve a medium to large field of view, but the thickness of the optical waveguide is larger. It can be seen that it is difficult to achieve both the lightness and thinness of optical waveguides and a large field of view, which to a large extent limits the development and popularization of AR display technology.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a new technical solution for optical waveguide structures, optical modules and head-mounted display devices.
  • the present application provides an optical waveguide structure, which includes an optical waveguide, a coupling-out region and at least two coupling-in regions provided on the optical waveguide;
  • the at least two coupling areas are used to couple light of different colors
  • the coupling-out area is used to couple the light coupled from the at least two coupling-in areas out of the optical waveguide at different viewing angles.
  • the outcoupling region is used to couple the light coupled into at least one of the coupling regions out of the optical waveguide at a full field of view, and to couple the light coupled into at least one of the coupling regions. Coupling out of the optical waveguide at half the field of view.
  • the optical waveguide is a single-layer colored optical waveguide.
  • a pupil expansion area is provided on the surface of the optical waveguide, and light rays of different colors enter the optical waveguide through the corresponding coupling areas, and are emitted from the same outcoupling area after passing through the pupil expansion area.
  • each of the coupling-in area, the out-coupling area and the pupil expansion area is provided with a one-dimensional grating structure.
  • the one-dimensional grating structure includes any one of a binary grating, a blazed grating, a tilted grating, and a volume holographic grating.
  • the field of view angle of the optical waveguide structure is ⁇ 35°.
  • this application provides an optical module, including a first optical waveguide structure and a second optical waveguide structure.
  • the first optical waveguide structure corresponds to the left eye
  • the second optical waveguide structure corresponds to the right eye.
  • the first optical waveguide structure and the second optical waveguide structure are both optical waveguide structures as described above;
  • the light rays of different fields of view coupled out through the first optical waveguide structure all enter the left eye, and the light rays of different fields of view coupled out through the second optical waveguide structure all enter the right eye.
  • the light entering the left eye and the light entering the right eye are superimposed to form a complete field of view.
  • the full field of view light and the half field of view light coupled out by the first optical waveguide structure both enter the left eye
  • the full field of view light and the half field of view light coupled out by the second optical waveguide structure both enter the left eye
  • the half-field light entering the left eye and the half-field light entering the right eye are superimposed to form a complete field of view through binocular complementation.
  • this application provides a head-mounted display device, which includes:
  • the optical module is arranged on the housing.
  • the optical waveguide structure is designed to include one outcoupling area and at least two incoupling areas.
  • the optical waveguide structure cooperates with light of different colors to be coupled in separately, and the light of different colors is coupled out through the same
  • the field of view of a single-layer optical waveguide can be expanded, and the strength of the optical waveguide structure can be improved without increasing the size of the optical waveguide structure in the thickness direction.
  • the field of view can enhance the user’s visual experience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a third structural schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a transmission image of the blue light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 1 to 3 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 5 is a transmission image of the green light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 1 to 3 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 6 is a transmission image of the red light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 1 to 3 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 7 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an optical waveguide structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a second structural schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a third structural schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a transmission image of the blue light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 7 to 9 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 11 is a transmission image of green light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 7 to 9 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 12 is a transmission image of the red light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 7 to 9 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 13 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an optical waveguide structure provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a second structural schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a third structural schematic diagram of an optical waveguide structure provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a transmission image of the blue light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 13 to 15 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • Figure 17 is a transmission image of the green light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in Figures 13 to 15 in vector space (K-space, K space);
  • FIG. 18 is a transmission image of the red light received by the coupling area in the optical waveguide structure shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 in vector space (K-space, K-space).
  • any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as limiting. Accordingly, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an optical waveguide structure, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, 7 to 9, and 13 to 15.
  • the optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide 20, and an optical waveguide disposed on the optical waveguide 20.
  • the at least two coupling areas 22 are used to couple light of different colors
  • the outcoupling region 21 is used to couple the light coupled into the at least two coupling regions 22 out of the optical waveguide 20 at different viewing angles.
  • Optical waveguide technology has been widely used in augmented reality display devices.
  • One of the development trends of augmented reality display devices is that the projected light should cover the visual field of view of the human eye as much as possible.
  • a three-layer optical waveguide structure is usually used, but this will increase the thickness of the optical waveguide structure.
  • the optical waveguide structure provided by the embodiment of the present application, it is designed as a single-layer structure, and the optical waveguide structure is configured to include one outcoupling region and at least two coupling in regions.
  • the optical waveguide structure cooperates with light of different colors. The light of different colors is coupled into the optical waveguide 20 separately, and the light of different colors is coupled out of the light of different fields of view through the same coupling area 21. Then, the field of view of the single-layer optical waveguide can be expanded by complementing the binocular method. , it can increase the field of view of the optical waveguide structure without increasing the thickness direction of the entire optical waveguide structure, thereby improving the user's visual experience.
  • light of different colors incident on the optical waveguide structure may be emitted by different optical machines.
  • the light can also be emitted by the same optical machine and then processed through a spectroscopic element or a filter element to form light of different colors and then enter the optical waveguide structure.
  • light of different colors can be coupled in through different coupling regions 22 on the optical waveguide structure. After propagating in the optical waveguide 20, they can be coupled out through the same coupling region 21 with different fields of view.
  • light of different colors can be emitted by different optical engines, so that an optical engine unit 10 can be provided, and the optical engine unit 10 can include at least two optical engines to emit light of different colors;
  • the coupling area 22 on the optical waveguide 20 and the optical machine are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the coupling region 22 is configured to allow the light emitted by the optical machine corresponding to the coupling region 22 to enter the optical waveguide 20 and propagate.
  • the decoupling region 21 is configured to couple the light coupled into the optical waveguide 20 out of the optical waveguide 20 at different viewing angles.
  • each optical engine can emit light of one color or multiple colors, but the colors of light emitted by different optical engines are different. In this way, when different optical machines emit light of different colors, each coupling area 22 on the optical waveguide 20 can receive the light of a specific color emitted by the corresponding optical machine.
  • the outcoupling region 21 is used to couple the light coupled into at least one of the coupling regions 22 out of the optical waveguide 20 at a full field of view, and to couple at least one of the coupling regions 22 out of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the light coupled into the coupling region 22 is coupled out of the optical waveguide 20 at half the viewing angle.
  • light of different colors can enter the optical waveguide 20 through different coupling areas 22 for transmission.
  • the light transmitted along the optical waveguide 20 reaches the outcoupling area 21, it can be transmitted from each of the optical waveguides 20.
  • the light in the coupling region 22 is emitted out of the optical waveguide 20 through the same coupling region 21 .
  • part of the light can be coupled out in the full field of view, and part of the light can be coupled out in the half field of view, and finally the field of view is completed through binocular complementation. In this way, The imaging field of view can be expanded.
  • two, or three, or more coupling regions 22 can be provided on the optical waveguide 20, and only one coupling region 21 is provided at the same time. That is, each coupling region 22 shares the same coupling region. Coupling out zone 21.
  • one coupling-in area 22 can be designed as a main coupling-in area, and the other coupling-in area 22 can be designed as a secondary coupling-in area.
  • the light of a specific color received by the main coupling area has a complete field of view after being emitted through the outcoupling area 21, which enables the grating through which the light in the main coupling area passes satisfies vector closure.
  • Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 10 As shown in Figures 11 and 17, since the light entering the main coupling area lacks light of some colors, the transmission range of the optical waveguide 20 can carry a larger field of view.
  • the grating vector no longer satisfies the closed relationship, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 12, Figure 16 and Figure 18.
  • the field of view of the optical waveguide structure design is larger than the field of view of the traditional optical waveguide structure design, and thus the field of view of the optical waveguide structure can be expanded.
  • the number of coupling areas 22 on the optical waveguide 20 is not limited, and can be set according to the requirements for the output image of the display device in the application.
  • the optical waveguide 20 is a single-layer colored optical waveguide.
  • the solution of the embodiment of the present application is to provide two or more coupling areas 22 on the basis of a single-layer colored optical waveguide, so that light of different colors can enter the interior of the optical waveguide 20 respectively. Different propagation is carried out, and then the same coupling area 21 is emitted out of the optical waveguide 20 with different viewing angles.
  • different coupling areas 22 are designed for light of different colors, so that the light of each color has half or more than half of the visual field after passing through the same coupling area 21
  • the field angle is then complemented by binoculars to form a complete field of view, thereby expanding the field of view.
  • the optical waveguide structure is light and thin while expanding the field of view. That is to say, the optical waveguide structure can be both light and thin and have a large field of view.
  • the surface of the optical waveguide 20 is provided with a pupil expansion area 23, and light of different colors enters the light through the corresponding coupling area 22.
  • the waveguide 20 After passing through the pupil expansion area 23 , it is emitted from the same coupling area 21 .
  • the reason why the pupil expansion area 23 is provided on the optical waveguide 20 is that in the near-eye display system, the size of the display light source is small. Therefore, when the human eye watches the corresponding display screen, The resulting picture is also smaller.
  • the incident light can enter the coupling area 22, and then be emitted from the coupling area 21 after passing through the pupil expansion area 23.
  • the pupil expansion area 23 can be used to expand the exit angle of the incident light. , which in turn helps to form a larger picture size, so that when users view a larger picture size, the viewing effect is better.
  • each of the coupling-in area 22 , the out-coupling area 21 and the pupil expansion area 23 is provided with a one-dimensional grating structure.
  • a first grating is provided at each coupling area 22 position.
  • the first grating can be attached to the corresponding coupling-in area 22 as a separate optical element.
  • the structure of the first grating can also be processed and formed at the coupling region 22 of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the light corresponding to the first grating can be directly emitted to the first grating and enter the inside of the optical waveguide 20 , and the incident light can propagate inside the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the medium density inside the optical waveguide 20 is greater than the medium density outside.
  • a second grating is provided at the position of the outcoupling area 21 .
  • the second grating can be attached to the decoupling region 21 as a separate optical element, for example.
  • the structure of the second grating can also be processed and formed at the outcoupling region 21 of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the incident angle will be deflected again, and the incident light is transmitted through the optical waveguide 20.
  • the light emitted through the outcoupling area 21 forms a display image, which can be acquired by human eyes, that is, an image is displayed in human eyes.
  • a third grating is provided at the pupil expansion area 23 position.
  • the third grating can be attached to the pupil expansion area 23 as a separate optical element.
  • the structure of the third grating can also be processed and formed at the pupil expansion area 23 of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the third grating can be used to expand the exit angle of the incident light, so that a larger range of exit angles can be obtained, thereby forming a larger picture size.
  • the first grating, the second grating and the third grating are all one-dimensional gratings.
  • the one-dimensional grating structure includes any one of binary gratings, blazed gratings, tilted gratings, and volume holographic gratings.
  • the first grating disposed in each coupling area 22 , the second grating disposed in the outcoupling area 21 and the third grating disposed in the pupil expansion area 23 can be configured according to specific needs. Choose flexibly from the various one-dimensional gratings mentioned above.
  • the types of the first grating, the second grating, and the third grating may be the same or different, and this is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned one-dimensional grating When the above-mentioned one-dimensional grating is applied to the coupling region 22, it has higher light coupling efficiency and can couple more light into the optical waveguide 20.
  • the above-mentioned one-dimensional grating When the above-mentioned one-dimensional grating is applied to the pupil expansion area 23, it can be used to expand the exit angle of the incident light.
  • the coupling-in area 22 , the out-coupling area 21 and the pupil expansion area 23 can be designed to be located on the same surface of the optical waveguide 20 . This way, different colors of light can come in on the same side and come out in another area on that side. At this time, the display light source and the human eye are located on the same side, so that the optical elements can be arranged on the same side of the optical waveguide 20 , avoiding the need to separately arrange optical elements on both sides of the optical waveguide 20 , which can reduce the stress of the optical waveguide 20 to a certain extent. volume.
  • the coupling-in area 22, the out-coupling area 21 and the pupil expansion area 23 can also be designed to be located on different surfaces of the optical waveguide 20. This design allows for more flexible selection of the optical-mechanical emission. The incident direction of the light ray and the direction of the light ray emitted through the outcoupling area 21 .
  • the field of view angle of the optical waveguide structure can reach ⁇ 35°.
  • the embodiments of the present application can effectively expand the field of view of a single-layer color waveguide, achieving the effect of being thin and light with a larger field of view.
  • an optical engine assembly 10 is provided for the optical waveguide structure.
  • the optical engine assembly 10 includes a first optical engine 11 and a second optical engine 12; the first optical engine 10 is One of the first optical engine 11 and the second optical engine 12 is configured to emit red light R and green light G among the RGB rays, and the other of the first optical engine 11 and the second optical engine 12 One is configured to emit blue ray B of the RGB rays.
  • the optical waveguide 20 is a single-layer color optical waveguide with two coupling-in areas 22 and one out-coupling area 21; one of the coupling-in areas 22 corresponds to the first optical machine 11, and the An optical engine 11 can be used to emit blue light B, then the coupling area 22 corresponding to the first optical engine 11 can allow the blue light B to enter the optical waveguide 20 and propagate, and the coupling area 22 is set as a secondary coupling area; the other coupling area 22 corresponds to the second optical engine 12, and the second optical engine 12 can be used to emit red light R and green light G, then the coupling area 22 corresponding to the second optical engine 12 can emit the red light R and green light G enter the interior of the optical waveguide 20 and propagate, and the coupling region 22 is set as the main coupling region.
  • the blue light B alone enters the optical waveguide 20 and propagates through the secondary coupling area, and the red light R and the green light G enter the optical waveguide 20 and propagates together through the main coupling area.
  • the outcoupling region 21 can cause the light from the above two coupling regions 22 to emit out of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the grating through which the light in the main coupling area (such as the above-mentioned red light R and green light G) passes satisfies vector closure, and due to the lack of blue light, the optical waveguide
  • the transmission range of 20 can carry a larger field of view.
  • the blue light in the secondary coupling area shares the same outcoupling area 21 with the main coupling area, the grating vector no longer satisfies the closed relationship.
  • the secondary coupling grating vector by designing the secondary coupling grating vector, a specific translation of the light vector relative to the incident light vector can be achieved. Please continue as shown in Figure 4. After the blue light B in the secondary coupling area is emitted through the coupling area 21, it has half or more of the field of view of the red light R and green light G incident in the main coupling area, and then complements each other through the binoculars. In this way, the light in the secondary coupling area and the light in the main coupling area can have the same complete field of view.
  • the field of view of the optical waveguide structure in this application is larger than that of the traditional optical waveguide structure.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment provides a dual-entry structure, in which the blue light B is configured to be received by the secondary coupling area alone.
  • the left eye can see the complete red-green image and the right half of the blue image (as shown in Figure 1), and the right eye can see the complete The red-green image and the blue image on the left half (as shown in Figure 2) can obtain a complete color image through binocular complementation.
  • the grating period of the main coupling area is 375nm and the direction is -90°; the grating period of the secondary coupling area is 371nm and the direction is -98°; the grating period of the pupil expansion area is 258° and the direction is 43°; the grating period of the pupil expansion area is 355nm, the direction is 180°; the field of view range: 35°.
  • an optical engine assembly 10 is provided for the optical waveguide structure.
  • the optical engine assembly 10 includes a first optical engine 11 and a second optical engine 12; One of the first optical engine 11 and the second optical engine 12 is configured to emit green light G and blue light B among RGB light.
  • the first optical engine 11 and the second optical engine The other one of 12 is configured to emit a red ray R among the RGB rays.
  • the optical waveguide 20 is a single-layer colored optical waveguide with two coupling-in areas 22 and one out-coupling area 21; one of the coupling-in areas 22 corresponds to the first optical engine 11 , the first optical engine 11 can be used to emit red light R, then the coupling area 22 corresponding to the first optical engine 11 can allow the red light R to enter the optical waveguide 20 and propagate, and the coupling area 22 is set as a secondary coupling area; the other coupling area 22 corresponds to the second optical engine 12, and the second optical engine 12 can be used to emit blue light B and green light G, then the coupling area 22 corresponding to the second optical engine 12 can The blue light B and the green light G are allowed to enter the interior of the optical waveguide 20 and propagate, and the coupling region 22 is set as the main coupling region.
  • the red light R alone enters the optical waveguide 20 and propagates through the secondary coupling area, and the blue light B and the green light G together enter the optical waveguide 20 and propagate through the main coupling area.
  • the outcoupling region 21 can cause the light from the above two coupling regions 22 to emit out of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the grating through which the light in the main coupling area (such as the above-mentioned blue light B and green light G) passes satisfies vector closure, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. Due to the lack of red light R, the optical waveguide The transmission range of 20 can carry a larger field of view. As shown in Figure 12, since the red light in the secondary coupling area shares the same outcoupling area 21 with the main coupling area, the grating vector no longer satisfies the closed relationship.
  • the secondary coupling grating vector by designing the secondary coupling grating vector, a specific translation of the light vector relative to the incident light vector can be achieved. Please continue as shown in Figure 12. After the red light R in the secondary coupling area is emitted through the coupling area 21, it has half or more of the field of view of the blue light B and green light G incident in the main coupling area, and then complements each other through the binoculars. In this way, the light in the secondary coupling area and the light in the main coupling area can have the same complete field of view.
  • the field of view of the optical waveguide design in this application is larger than that of the traditional optical waveguide design.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment also provides a dual-entry structure, in which the red light R is configured to be received by the secondary coupling area alone.
  • the left eye can see the complete blue-green image and the right half of the red image (as shown in Figure 7), and the right eye can see The complete blue-green image and the left half of the red image (as shown in Figure 8) can be used to obtain a complete color image through binocular complementation.
  • the main coupling grating period is 380nm, the direction is -90°; the secondary coupling grating period is 330nm, the direction is -79°; the pupil expansion area grating period is 276°, the direction is 47° ; The grating period of the pupil expansion area is 400nm, the direction is 180°; the field of view range: 35°.
  • an optical engine unit 10 is provided for the optical waveguide structure.
  • the optical engine unit 10 includes a first optical engine 11, a second optical engine 12 and a third optical engine 13. ;
  • the first optical engine 11, the second optical engine 12 and the third optical engine 13 are respectively used to independently emit three different types of RGB light.
  • first optical engine 11 the second optical engine 12 and the third optical engine 13 are respectively used to emit red light R, green light G and blue light B among RGB light.
  • the optical waveguide 20 is a single-layer colored optical waveguide with three coupling-in areas 22 and one out-coupling area 21 provided thereon; one of the in-coupling areas 22 can be connected to the first optical engine 11
  • the first optical engine 11 can be used to emit blue light B, then the coupling area 22 corresponding to the first optical engine 11 can allow the blue light B to enter and propagate inside the optical waveguide 20, and the coupling area 22 is set to A secondary coupling area;
  • the other coupling area 22 can correspond to the second optical engine 12, and the second optical engine 12 can emit red light R, then the coupling area 22 corresponding to the second optical engine 12 can
  • the red light R is allowed to propagate inside the optical waveguide 20, and the coupling area 22 is set as another secondary coupling area; that is, in this embodiment, two secondary coupling areas are provided, which can independently receive blue light.
  • Color light B and red light R there is also a coupling area 22 set to correspond to the third optical engine 13.
  • the third optical engine 13 can be used to emit green light G, then the coupling area corresponding to the third optical engine 13
  • the input area 22 can allow the green light G to enter and propagate inside the optical waveguide 120, and the coupling area 22 is set as the main coupling area.
  • the outcoupling region 21 can cause the light from the above three coupling regions 22 to emit out of the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the above embodiments provide a three-input structure, in which the blue light B and the red light R are respectively provided with corresponding secondary coupling areas.
  • the left eye can see the complete green image, the left half of the red image and the right half of the blue image ( As shown in Figure 13), the right eye can see the complete green image, the right half of the red image and the left half of the blue image (as shown in Figure 14).
  • a complete color image can be obtained by complementing the two eyes.
  • the at least two coupling regions 22 are located on the same side of the coupling region 21 .
  • the projection positions of the first optical engine 11 corresponding to one coupling area 22 and the second optical engine corresponding to the other coupling area 22 on the optical waveguide 20 can be located in the outcoupling area 21 in the optical waveguide 20.
  • Waveguide 20 is on the same side as the projection location. For example, they are all located on the left side of the projection position of the coupling area 21 on the optical waveguide 20 , of course, they can also be on the right side; or they are all located on the upper or lower side of the projection position of the coupling area 21 on the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the first optical engine 11 corresponds to one coupling area 22
  • the second optical engine 12 corresponds to another coupling area 22
  • the third optical engine 13 corresponds to yet another coupling area 22.
  • These three The projection positions of the coupling-in area 22 on the optical waveguide 20 may be located on the same side of the projection position of the out-coupling area 21 on the optical waveguide 20 .
  • the three coupling regions 22 are all located on the left side of the projection position of the coupling region 21 on the optical waveguide 20, or of course they can also be on the right side; or they are all located on the upper side of the projection position of the coupling region 21 on the optical waveguide 20, or lower side.
  • the optical axis of each optical machine is perpendicular to the plane where the optical waveguide 20 is located.
  • optical axis of the optical machine can also be set at an angle set parallel to the optical waveguide 20 according to actual needs.
  • Those skilled in the art can flexibly choose according to needs. This is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • an optical module is also provided.
  • the optical module includes: a first optical waveguide structure and a second optical waveguide structure.
  • the first optical waveguide structure corresponds to the left eye 01
  • the second optical waveguide structure corresponds to the right eye 02
  • the first optical waveguide structure and the second optical waveguide structure are both optical waveguide structures as described above;
  • the light rays of different fields of view coupled out through the first optical waveguide structure all enter the left eye 01, and the light rays of different fields of view coupled out through the second optical waveguide structure all enter the right eye 02.
  • Eye complementation superimposes the light entering the left eye 01 and the light entering the right eye 02 to form a complete field of view.
  • the optical module includes two optical waveguide structures, which may correspond to the user's left eye 01 and right eye 02 respectively.
  • each optical waveguide structure can couple light from different fields of view to enter the human eye, and light of some colors can complement each other to complete the complete field of view through binoculars. , which can increase the field of view of the optical waveguide structure, thereby improving the user's visual experience.
  • the full-field light rays and the half-field light rays coupled out by the first optical waveguide structure both enter the left eye 01, and the full-field light rays coupled out by the second optical waveguide structure and All half-field light rays enter the right eye 02.
  • the half-field light rays entering the left eye 01 and the half-field light rays entering the right eye 02 are superimposed to form a complete field of view.
  • the full field of view light and the half field of view light coupled out of the optical waveguide structure corresponding to the left eye 01 enter the left eye 01 together, and the optical waveguide structure corresponding to the right eye 02
  • the coupled full-field light and half-field light enter the right eye 02 together, and the half-field of view can be complemented to form a complete field of view through binocular complementation.
  • the present application provides a head-mounted display device, which includes:
  • the optical module is arranged on the housing.
  • the housing is used to form an installation space.
  • the optical module and optical unit are arranged in the installation space.
  • the housing is used to protect and support the optical waveguide structure.
  • the installation space is also used to install various other devices, such as power supplies.
  • the head-mounted display device may be augmented reality smart glasses, and in this case, the housing may be a spectacle frame.
  • the first optical waveguide structure and the second optical waveguide structure are both arranged on the mirror frame.

Abstract

一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备。其中，光波导结构包括光波导（20），以及设置在光波导（20）上的耦出区（21）和至少两个耦入区（22）；至少两个耦入区（22）用以耦入不同颜色的光线；耦出区（21）用于将至少两个耦入区（22）耦入的光线分别以不同的视场角耦出至光波导（20）之外。在实现光波导（20）轻薄的同时，可以扩大成像视场范围。

Description

一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及近眼显示技术领域，更具体地，本申请实施例涉及一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备。
背景技术
在AR(Augmented Reality，增强现实)显示中，如AR头戴显示设备通常采用光波导作为核心元件，入射的光线可以在光波导内依据全反射原理进行传输。其中，在光波导的表面设置有衍射光栅，衍射光栅用于将光线耦合进入光波导内部，或者将光线耦出光波导显示成像。
在现有的相关技术中，通常采用三片式光栅光波导，为了实现彩色效果，目前主要有两种方案：其中一种为RGB共用一层光波导，虽然轻薄但是视场大小会受到限制，只能做到小视场；还有一种方案是采用三层波导，可以做到中大视场，但是光波导的厚度尺寸较大。可见，难以做到兼具光波导轻薄和较大视场两种效果，这在很大程度上限制了AR显示技术的发展和普及。
发明内容
本申请的目的为提供一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备的新技术方案。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种光波导结构，所述光波导结构包括光波导以及设置在所述光波导上的耦出区和至少两个耦入区；
所述至少两个耦入区用以耦入不同颜色的光线；
所述耦出区用于将所述至少两个耦入区耦入的光线分别以不同的视场角耦出至光波导之外。
可选地，所述耦出区用于将至少一个所述耦入区耦入的光线以全视场角耦出所述光波导之外，及将至少一个所述耦入区耦入的光线以半视场角耦出所述光波导之外。
可选地，所述光波导为单层彩色光波导。
可选地，所述光波导的表面设置有扩瞳区，不同颜色的光线分别经对应的所述耦入区进入光波导内，经过所述扩瞳区后由同一所述耦出区射出。
可选地，各个所述耦入区、所述耦出区及所述扩瞳区均设置有一维光栅结构。
可选地，所述一维光栅结构包括二元光栅、闪耀光栅、倾斜光栅、体全息光栅中的任一种。
可选地，所述光波导结构的视场角为≥35°。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种光学模组，包括第一光波导结构和第二光波导结构，所述第一光波导结构与左眼对应，所述第二光波导结构与右眼对应，其中，所述第一光波导结构和所述第二光波导结构均如上所述的光波导结构；
经所述第一光波导结构耦出的不同视场的光线均进入所述左眼，经所述第二光波导结构耦出的不同视场的光线均进入所述右眼，通过双目互补将进入所述左眼的光线和进入所述右眼的光线进行叠加，形成完整的视场。
可选地，所述第一光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线均进入所述左眼，所述第二光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线均进入所述右眼，通过双目互补将进入所述左眼的半视场光线和进入所述右眼的半视场光线进行叠加形成完整的视场。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括：
壳体；以及
如上所述的光学模组，所述光学模组设置于所述壳体。
根据本申请实施例，将光波导结构设计为包括一个耦出区和至少两个耦入区，在应用中，光波导结构配合不同颜色光线分别单独耦入，且不同颜色的光线经同一耦出区耦出不同视场的光线，之后通过双目互补补全视场的方法，可以扩大单层光波导的视场范围，可以在不增加光波导结构厚度方向尺寸的同时，提升光波导结构的视场范围，可以提升用户的视觉体验。
通过以下参照附图对本说明书的示例性实施例的详细描述，本说明书的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一部分附图，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之一；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之二；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之三；
图4为图1到图3示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的蓝色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图5为图1到图3示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的绿色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图6为图1到图3示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的红色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图7为本申请另一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之一；
图8为本申请另一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之二；
图9为本申请另一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之三；
图10为图7到图9示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的蓝色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图11为图7到图9示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的绿色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图12为图7到图9示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的红色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图13为本申请又一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之一；
图14为本申请又一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之二；
图15为本申请又一实施例提供的光波导结构的结构示意图之三；
图16为图13到图15示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的蓝色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图17为图13到图15示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的绿色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像；
图18为图13到图15示出的光波导结构中耦入区接收的红色光线在矢量空间(K-space，K空间)中的传输图像。
附图标记说明：
10、光机组；11、第一光机；12、第二光机；13、第三光机；20、光波导；21、耦出区；22、耦入区；23、扩瞳区；
01、左眼；02、右眼。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本申请实施例提供了一种光波导结构，如图1至图3、图7至图9、以及图13至图15所示，所述光波导结构包括光波导20，以及设置在所述光波导20上的耦出区21和至少两个耦入区22；
其中，所述至少两个耦入区22用以耦入不同颜色的光线；
所述耦出区21用于将所述至少两个耦入区22耦入的光线分别以不同的视场角耦出至光波导20之外。
光波导技术在增强现实显示设备中已得到了广泛应用。增强现实显示设备的发展趋势之一为投射出的光线应尽可能的覆盖人眼的可视视场范围。然而在现有技术中，为了实现增强现实显示设备能够覆盖较大的视场范围，通常采用三层结构的光波导结构，但这会增加光波导结构的厚度尺寸。
根据本申请实施例提供的光波导结构，将其设计为单层结构，且将光波导结构设置为包括一个耦出区和至少两个耦入区，在应用中，光波导结构配合不同颜色光线分别单独耦入光波导20内，且不同颜色的光线经同一耦出区21耦出不同视场的光线，之后通过双目互补补全视场的方法，可以扩大单层光波导的视场范围，可以在不增加整个光波导结构厚度方向尺寸的同时，提升光波导结构的视场范围，进而可以提升用户的视觉体验。
需要说明的是，在本申请的实施例中，射入光波导结构的不同颜色的光线可以由不同的光机发出。当然，也可以由同一光机发出之后经分光元件或者滤光元件对光线进行处理，形成不同颜色的光线再射入光波导结构。
本申请的实施例中设计，不同颜色的光线可以分别经光波导结构上不同的耦入区22耦入，在光波导20内传播之后，经同一耦出区21以不同的视场耦出。
在本申请一个具体的实施例中，不同颜色的光线可以由不同的光机发出，如此可以设置一光机组10，该光机组10可以包括至少两个光机，用以发射不同颜色的光线；在此基础上，光波导20上的耦入区22与光机为一一对应设置。耦入区22被配置为用于使与该耦入区22对应的光机发射的光线进入光波导20内传播。耦出区21被配置为用于将耦入光波导20内的光线以不同的视场角耦出至光波导20之外。
例如，在同一光机组10中：每一个光机可以发射出一种颜色或者多种颜色的光线，但不同的光机所发射出的光线的颜色不相同。这样，当不同的光机发射出不同颜色的光线，此时，光波导20上的各个耦入区22可 以接收对应的光机发射的特定颜色的光线。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述耦出区21用于将至少一个所述耦入区22耦入的光线以全视场角耦出所述光波导20之外，及将至少一个所述耦入区22耦入的光线以半视场角耦出所述光波导20之外。
在本申请的实施例中，不同颜色的光线可以分别经不同的耦入区22进入光波导20内进行传输，沿着光波导20内传输的光线在达到耦出区21时，可以将来自各个耦入区22的光线经同一耦出区21向光波导20之外射出。而在同一个耦出区21耦出光线时，其中一部分光线可以以全视场耦出，还有一部分光线可以以半视场耦出，最终通过双目互补的方式补全视场，如此，可以实现扩大成像的视场范围。
本申请的实施例中，在光波导20上可以设置两个、或者三个、或者更多个耦入区22，同时仅设置了一个耦出区21，也即各个耦入区22共用同一个耦出区21。在至少两个耦入区22中，其中，例如可以将一个耦入区22设计为主耦入区，将另一个耦入区22可以设计为副耦入区。具体来说：
主耦入区接收的特定颜色的光线在经耦出区21射出后具有完整的视场，这使得主耦入区的光线通过的光栅能够满足矢量闭合，可参考图5、图6、图10、图11及图17所示，由于进入主耦入区的光线中缺少部分颜色的光线，这样，光波导20的传输范围内可以承载更大的视场范围。
对于副耦入区接收的光线由于与主耦入区接收的光线共用一个耦出区21，这使得光栅矢量不再满足闭合关系，可参考图4、图12、图16及图18所示。通过对副耦入区光栅矢量进行设计，使得副耦入区接收的其他颜色的光线经耦出区21射出后仅有一半的视场，如此再通过双目互补的方式来补全视场，即可形成完整的视场。
本申请实施例中，光波导结构设计的视场要大于传统光波导结构设计的视场，进而可以实现扩大光波导结构的视场范围。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对光波导20上耦入区22的数量不作限定，在应用中可以根据对显示设备输出图像的要求等进行设置。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述光波导20为单层彩色光波导。
也就是说，本申请实施例的方案是在单层彩色光波导的基础上，设置了两个，或者两个以上的耦入区22，用以使不同颜色的光线可以分别进入光波导20内部进行不同的传播，再由同一耦出区21以不同的视场角射出光波导20外。
本申请的实施例中，在单层彩色光波导设计中，针对不同颜色的光线设计了不同的耦入区22，并使得各颜色的光线通过同一耦出区21后拥有一半或者一半以上的视场角，然后通过双目互补成完整视场，以此来扩大视场的方法。
在本申请的实施例中，仅采用了一层光波导结构，并配合双目互补视场的方式，可以做到较大的成像视场范围。因此，光波导结构在轻薄的同时扩大了视场范围。也即，使得光波导结构可以兼具轻薄和大视场。
在本申请的一些示例中，如图3、图9及图15所示，所述光波导20的表面设置有扩瞳区23，不同颜色的光线分别经对应的所述耦入区22进入光波导20内，经过所述扩瞳区23后由同一所述耦出区21射出。
本申请的实施例中，在光波导20上设置扩瞳区23的原因在于：在近眼显示系统中，显示光源的尺寸是较小的，因此，人眼在观看相应的显示画面的过程中，获得的画面也是较小的。当在光波导20上设置扩瞳区23之后，入射的光线可以于耦入区22进入，经过扩瞳区23之后由耦出区21射出，在扩瞳区23可用于扩大入射光线的出射角度，进而有助于形成更大的画面尺寸，如此当用户观看到更大的画面尺寸时，观看效果更好。
在本申请的一些示例中，各个所述耦入区22、所述耦出区21及所述扩瞳区23均设置有一维光栅结构。
例如，在各个耦入区22位置均设置第一光栅。
第一光栅例如可以作为单独的光学元件贴覆于相应的耦入区22。当然，也可以在光波导20的耦入区22位置加工成型第一光栅的结构。
与第一光栅相对应的光线可以直接射向第一光栅并进入光波导20内部，入射的光线就可以在光波导20内部进行传播。例如，光波导20内部的介质密度大于外部介质密度。
例如，在耦出区21位置设置第二光栅。
第二光栅例如可以作为单独的光学元件贴覆于耦出区21。当然，也可以在光波导20的耦出区21位置加工成型第二光栅的结构。
在同一光波导20上，来自各个耦入区22的光线在经过全反射至耦出区21之后，在第二光栅的作用下，入射角度会再次发生偏转，入射的光线透射于光波导20，经耦出区21射出的光线形成显示画面，可以被人眼获取到，即在人眼中显示图像。
例如，在扩瞳区23位置设置第三光栅。
第三光栅例如可以作为单独的光学元件贴覆于扩瞳区23。当然，也可以在光波导20的扩瞳区23位置加工成型第三光栅的结构。
第三光栅可以用于扩大入射光线的出射角度，从而可以获得更大的出射角度范围，进而形成更大的画面尺寸。
其中，第一光栅、第二光栅和第三光栅均为一维光栅。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述一维光栅结构包括二元光栅、闪耀光栅、倾斜光栅、体全息光栅中的任一种。
也就是说，在本申请的实施例中，设置于各个耦入区22的第一光栅、设置于耦出区21的第二光栅及设置于扩瞳区23的第三光栅可以根据具体需要在上述的多种一维光栅中灵活选择。第一光栅、第二光栅及第三光栅的类型可以相同，也可以不同，本申请实施例中对此不作具体限制。
上述的一维光栅应用于耦入区22时，具有较高的光线耦合效率，能够将更多的光线耦合进入光波导20内部。
上述的一维光栅应用于扩瞳区23时，可以用于扩大入射光线的出射角度。
上述的一维光栅应用于耦出区21时，能够将更多的光线射入眼中，以更好的在眼中成像。
在本申请的实施例中，耦入区22、耦出区21及扩瞳区23三者可以设计为位于光波导20的同一表面。这样，不同颜色的光线可以在同一侧射入，并在该侧另一区域射出。此时，显示光源和人眼位于同一侧，这样可以将光学元件设置于光波导20的同一侧，避免在光波导20的两侧分别设置光学元件，能在一定程度上减小光波导20的体积。
当然，在本申请的实施例中，也可以将耦入区22、耦出区21及扩瞳区23三者设计位于光波导20的不同表面上，该设计可以更加灵活的选择光机发射的光线的入射方向及经耦出区21出射的光线的方向。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述光波导结构的视场角可以达到≥35°。
这比传统的光波导结构的视场要大。本申请的实施例，可以有效扩大单层彩色波导的视场范围，达到轻薄且较大视场的效果。
在本申请一个具体的实施例中，如图1至图3，为光波导结构设置一个光机组10，所述光机组10包括第一光机11和第二光机12；所述第一光机11和所述第二光机12中的一个被配置为可以用于发射RGB光线中的红色光线R和绿色光线G，所述第一光机11和所述第二光机12中的另一个被配置为可以用于发射RGB光线中蓝色光线B。
如图1至图3，光波导20为单层彩色光波导，其上设置有两个耦入区22和一个耦出区21；其中的一个耦入区22与第一光机11对应，第一光机11可用于发射出蓝色光线B，则与第一光机11对应的耦入区22可以使蓝色光线B进入光波导20内部传播，将该耦入区22设置为副耦入区；另一个耦入区22与第二光机12对应，第二光机12可用于发射出红色光线R和绿色光线G，则与第二光机12对应的耦入区22可以使红色光线R和绿色光线G进入光波导20内部传播，将该耦入区22设置为主耦入区。可以理解为，蓝色光线B单独经副耦入区进入光波导20内部传播，红色光线R和绿色光线G一起经主耦入区进入光波导20内部传播。耦出区21可以使来自上述两个耦入区22的光线射出光波导20之外。
在上述的实施例中：如图5和图6所示，主耦入区的光线(如上述的红色光线R和绿色光线G)通过的光栅满足矢量闭合，而由于缺少蓝色光线，光波导20的传输范围内可以承载更大视场范围。如图4所示，副耦入区的蓝色光线由于与主耦入区共用了同一个耦出区21，光栅矢量不再满足闭合关系。
其中，通过对副耦入光栅矢量进行设计，可以实现光线矢量相对入射光线矢量的特定平移。请继续如图4所示，副耦入区的蓝色光线B经耦出区21出射之后具有主耦入区入射的红色光线R和绿色光线G一半或者以上的视场，然后通过双目互补的方式，副耦入区的光线与主耦入区的光线可以具有 同样完整的视场，本申请中光波导结构的视场要大于传统光波导结构的视场。
上述的实施例给出的是一种双入曈结构，其中，蓝色光线B设置为可以被副耦入区单独接收。第一光机11和第二光机12的光线通过光波导20后，左眼可以看到完整的红绿色图像和右半的蓝色图像(如图1所示)，右眼可以看到完整的红绿色图像和左半的蓝色图像(如图2所示)，经过双目互补就可以得到完整的彩色图像。
并且，在上述的实施例中：主耦入区的光栅周期为375nm，方向为-90°；副耦入区光栅周期为371nm，方向为-98°；扩瞳区光栅周期为258°，方向为43°；扩瞳区光栅周期为355nm，方向为180°；视场范围：35°。
在本申请另一个具体的实施例中，如图7至图9所示，为光波导结构设置一个光机组10，所述光机组10包括第一光机11和第二光机12；所述第一光机11和所述第二光机12中的一个被配置为可以用于发射RGB光线中的绿色光线G和蓝色光线B，所述第一光机11和所述第二光机12中的另一个被配置为可以用于发射RGB光线中红色光线R。
如图7至图9所示，光波导20为单层彩色光波导，其上设置有两个耦入区22和一个耦出区21；其中的一个耦入区22与第一光机11对应，第一光机11可用于发射出红色光线R，则与第一光机11对应的耦入区22可以使红色光线R进入光波导20内部传播，将该耦入区22设置为副耦入区；其中的另一个耦入区22与第二光机12对应，第二光机12可用于发射出蓝色光线B和绿色光线G，则与第二光机12对应的耦入区22可以使蓝色光线B和绿色光线G进入光波导20内部传播，将该耦入区22设置为主耦入区。可以理解为，红色光线R单独经副耦入区进入光波导20内部传播，蓝色光线B和绿色光线G一起经主耦入区进入光波导20内部传播。耦出区21可以使来自上述两个耦入区22的光线射出光波导20之外。
在上述的实施例中：主耦入区的光线(如上述的蓝色光线B和绿色光线G)通过的光栅满足矢量闭合，如图11和图12所示，由于缺少红色光线R，光波导20的传输范围内可以承载更大视场范围。如图12所示，副耦入区的红色光线由于与主耦入区共用了同一个耦出区21，光栅矢量不再满足闭合关系。
其中，通过对副耦入光栅矢量进行设计，可以实现光线矢量相对入射光线矢量的特定平移。请继续如图12所示，副耦入区的红色光线R经耦出区21出射之后具有主耦入区入射的蓝色光线B和绿色光线G一半或者以上的视场，然后通过双目互补的方式，副耦入区的光线与主耦入区的光线可以具有同样完整的视场，本申请中光波导设计的视场要大于传统光波导设计的视场。
上述的实施例给出的也是一种双入曈结构，其中，红色光线R设置为可以被副耦入区单独接收。第一光机11和第二光机12的光线通过单层彩色光波导后，左眼可以看到完整的蓝绿色图像和右半的红色图像(如图7所示)，右眼可以看到完整的蓝绿色图像和左半的红色图像(如图8所示)，经过双目互补就可以得到完整的彩色图像。
并且，在上述的实施例中：主耦入光栅周期为380nm，方向为-90°；副耦入光栅周期为330nm，方向为-79°；扩瞳区光栅周期为276°，方向为47°；扩瞳区光栅周期为400nm，方向为180°；视场范围：35°。
在本申请的又一个具体实施例中，如图13至图15，为光波导结构设置一个光机组10，该光机组10包括第一光机11、第二光机12和第三光机13；第一光机11、第二光机12和第三光机13分别用于独立发射RGB光线中的三种不同光线。
可以理解为，第一光机11、第二光机12和第三光机13分别用于发射RGB光线中的红色光线R、绿色光线G和蓝色光线B。
如图13至图15所示，光波导20为单层彩色光波导，在其上设置有三个耦入区22和一个耦出区21；其中的一个耦入区22可以与第一光机11对应，第一光机11可用于发射出蓝色光线B，则与第一光机11对应的耦入区22可以使蓝色光线B进入光波导20内部传播，将该耦入区22设置为一个副耦入区；其中的另一个耦入区22可以与第二光机12对应，第二光机12可于发射出红色光线R，则与第二光机12对应的耦入区22可以使红色光线R进入光波导20内部传播，同时将该耦入区22设置为另一副耦入区；也即，本实施例中设置了两个副耦入区，其可以分别独立的接收蓝色光线B和红色光线R；并且，还有一个耦入区22设置为与第三光机13对应，第三光机13可用于发射出绿色光线G，则与第三光机13对应的 耦入区22可以使绿色光线G进入光波导120内部传播，将该耦入区22设置为主耦入区。
可以理解为，红色光线R和蓝色光线B分别单独经各自对应的副耦入区进入光波导20内部传播，绿色光线G经主耦入区进入光波导20内部传播。耦出区21可以使来自上述三个耦入区22的光线射出光波导20之外。
其中，通过对副耦入光栅矢量进行设计，可以实现光线矢量相对入射光线矢量的特定平移。如图16和图18所示，副耦入区的蓝色光线B和红色光线R均经耦出区21出射之后具有主耦入区入射的绿色光线G一半或者以上的视场，然后通过双目互补的方式，副耦入区的光线与主耦入区的光线可以具有同样完整的视场，本申请中光波导结构设计的视场要大于传统光波导结构设计的视场。
上述的实施例给出的是一种三入曈结构，其中，蓝色光线B和红色光线R分别单独设置对应的副耦入区。第一光机11、第二光机12和第三光机13的光线通过单层彩色光波导后，左眼可以看到完整的绿色图像、左半的红色图像和右半的蓝色图像(如图13所示)，右眼可以看到完整的绿色图像、右半的红色图像和左半的蓝色图像(如图14所示)，双目互补就可以得到完整的彩色图像。
并且，在上述的实施例中：主耦入光栅周期为375nm，方向为-58°；红色光线的副耦入光栅周期为323.5nm，方向为-47°；蓝色光线的副耦入光栅周期为407.6nm，方向为-68°；扩瞳区光栅周期为389°，方向为62°；扩瞳区光栅周期为380nm，方向为180°；视场范围：45°。
在本申请的一些示例中，在所述光波导20上，所述至少两个耦入区22位于所述耦出区21的同一侧。
例如，如图3和图9所示，第一光机11对应一个耦入区22和第二光机对应另一个耦入区22在光波导20上的投影位置可以位于耦出区21在光波导20上的投影位置的同一侧。如均位于耦出区21在光波导20上投影位置的左侧，当然也可以是右侧；或者是均位于耦出区21在光波导20上投影位置的上侧或者下侧。
又例如，如图15所示，第一光机11对应一个耦入区22、第二光机12 对应另一个耦入区22及第三光机13对应又一个耦入区22，这三个耦入区22在光波导20上的投影位置可以均位于耦出区21在光波导20上的投影位置的同一侧。如三个耦入区22均位于耦出区21在光波导20上投影位置的左侧，当然也可以是右侧；或者是均位于耦出区21在光波导20上投影位置的上侧或者下侧。
在本申请的一些示例中，各个所述光机的光轴与所述光波导20所在的平面相垂直。
例如，各个光机的光轴与光波导20为相垂直设置，可以将耦入区22以及对应的光机设置在光波导20的一端。
当然，也可以根据实际需要将光机的光轴设置为与光波导20所在的平行倾斜设定的角度，本领域技术人员可以根据需要灵活选择，本申请实施例中对此不作具体限制。
根据本申请实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种光学模组，所述光学模组包括：第一光波导结构和第二光波导结构，所述第一光波导结构与左眼01对应，所述第二光波导结构与右眼02对应，其中，所述第一光波导结构和所述第二光波导结构均为如上所述的光波导结构；
经所述第一光波导结构耦出的不同视场的光线均进入所述左眼01，经所述第二光波导结构耦出的不同视场的光线均进入所述右眼02，通过双目互补将进入所述左眼01的光线和进入所述右眼02的光线进行叠加，形成完整的视场。
也就是说，光学模组包括两个光波导结构，其可以分别对应于用户的左眼01和右眼02。
本申请实施例提供的光学模组，每个光波导结构可以耦出不同视场的光线以进入人眼，其中一些颜色的光线可以通过双目互补补全完整的视场。，可以提升光波导结构的视场范围，进而可以提升用户的视觉体验。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述第一光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线均进入所述左眼01，所述第二光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线均进入所述右眼02，通过双目互补将进入所述左眼01的半视场光线和进入所述右眼02的半视场光线进行叠加形成完整的视场。
也就是说，当使用者使用上述的光学模组时，左眼01对应的光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线一起进入左眼01中，右眼02对应的光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线一起进入右眼02中，通过双目互补的方式可以补全半视场形成完整的视场。
根据本申请实施例的又一方面，本申请提供了一种头戴显示设备，所述头戴显示设备包括：
壳体；以及
如上所述的光学模组，所述光学模组设置于所述壳体。
所述壳体用于形成安装空间，所述光学模组及光机组等设置于安装空间内，所述壳体用于保护和支撑所述光波导结构。同时，安装空间还用于安装各种其他器件，例如电源等。
在本申请的一些示例中，所述头戴显示设备可以为增强现实智能眼镜，此时，所述壳体可以为镜框。所述第一光波导结构和所述第二光波导结构均设置于所述镜框上。
本申请实施例的头戴显示设备具体实施方式可以参照上述光波导结构各实施例，在此不再赘述。
上文实施例中重点描述的是各个实施例之间的不同，各个实施例之间不同的优化特征只要不矛盾，均可以组合形成更优的实施例，考虑到行文简洁，在此则不再赘述。
虽然已经通过示例对本申请的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本申请的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光波导结构，其特征在于，包括光波导(20)，以及设置在所述光波导(20)上的耦出区(21)和至少两个耦入区(22)；
    所述至少两个耦入区(22)用以耦入不同颜色的光线；
    所述耦出区(21)用于将所述至少两个耦入区(22)耦入的光线分别以不同的视场角耦出至光波导(20)之外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导结构，其特征在于，所述耦出区(21)用于将至少一个所述耦入区(22)耦入的光线以全视场角耦出所述光波导(20)之外，及将至少一个所述耦入区(22)耦入的光线以半视场角耦出所述光波导(20)之外。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导结构，其特征在于，所述光波导(20)为单层彩色光波导。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导结构，其特征在于，所述光波导(20)的表面设置有扩瞳区(23)，不同颜色的光线分别经对应的所述耦入区(22)进入光波导(20)内，经过所述扩瞳区(23)后由同一所述耦出区(21)射出。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光波导结构，其特征在于，各个所述耦入区(22)、所述耦出区(21)及所述扩瞳区(23)均设置有一维光栅结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光波导结构，其特征在于，所述一维光栅结构包括二元光栅、闪耀光栅、倾斜光栅、体全息光栅中的任一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的光波导结构，其特征在于，所述光波导结构的视场角为≥35°。
  8. 一种光学模组，其特征在于，包括第一光波导结构和第二光波导结构，所述第一光波导结构与左眼(01)对应，所述第二光波导结构与右眼(02)对应，其中，所述第一光波导结构和所述第二光波导结构均为权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的光波导结构；
    经所述第一光波导结构耦出的不同视场的光线均进入所述左眼(01)，经所述第二光波导结构耦出的不同视场的光线均进入所述右眼(02)，通过双目互补将进入所述左眼(01)的光线和进入所述右眼(02)的光线进行叠加，形成完整的视场。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光学模组，其特征在于，所述第一光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线均进入所述左眼(01)，所述第二光波导结构耦出的全视场光线和半视场光线均进入所述右眼(02)，通过双目互补将进入所述左眼(01)的半视场光线和进入所述右眼(02)的半视场光线进行叠加形成完整的视场。
  10. 一种头戴显示设备，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；以及
    如权利要求8或9所述的光学模组，所述光学模组设置于所述壳体。
PCT/CN2022/102014 2022-05-24 2022-06-28 一种光波导结构、光学模组以及头戴显示设备 WO2023226142A1 (zh)

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