WO2021016761A1 - 基于光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统 - Google Patents

基于光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统 Download PDF

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WO2021016761A1
WO2021016761A1 PCT/CN2019/098009 CN2019098009W WO2021016761A1 WO 2021016761 A1 WO2021016761 A1 WO 2021016761A1 CN 2019098009 W CN2019098009 W CN 2019098009W WO 2021016761 A1 WO2021016761 A1 WO 2021016761A1
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optical waveguide
light
aperture
polarization
projection unit
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PCT/CN2019/098009
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘立林
滕东东
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中山大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/098009 priority Critical patent/WO2021016761A1/zh
Publication of WO2021016761A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021016761A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional display, and more particularly to a light field display system based on the split-combined control of the exit pupil of the coupled-out light of an optical waveguide.
  • Optical waveguides are currently commonly used optical structures in the field of three-dimensional display due to their light and thin structure. Especially in the field of augmented reality (AR), light and thin three-dimensional glasses based on optical waveguide structures are becoming more and more widely used.
  • AR augmented reality
  • the existing optical waveguide three-dimensional display system is mainly based on stereoscopic technology, and only by projecting only one view to the observer's binoculars, and using the convergence of the binocular viewing directions in space to realize the presentation of three-dimensional depth.
  • the observer needs to focus his/her eyes on the display surface. The resulting focus-convergence conflict is inconsistent with the natural physiological response of the human eye when observing a real three-dimensional space scene.
  • the human eye When observing a real object naturally, the human eye receives a conical beam from a real object point.
  • the conical beam makes the observer’s eyes converge on the object point while also allowing the observer’s eyes to naturally focus on the object point.
  • Object point This kind of focus-convergence conflict that goes against the natural physiological requirements of the human body is the fundamental cause of visual fatigue when watching three-dimensional movies.
  • PCT15/481,467 discloses a light field display technology that overcomes the focus-convergence conflict, by projecting different views to different areas of the observer’s pupil, The monocular is used to receive the spatial superposition of the light emitted from two or more views to form a real spatial light spot that the monocular can naturally focus, so as to overcome the focus-convergence conflict.
  • the display system described in the above-mentioned patent either requires an external traditional large-size flat-panel display or is narrowed to the near-eye area of the observer through a traditional optical magnification structure, and does not have a thin and light structure.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions.
  • a light field display system based on conventional optical waveguide coupling-out pupil split-combination control including:
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack structure consists of a stack of G conventional optical waveguide projection units.
  • Each conventional optical waveguide projection unit projects a virtual image in the +z direction, and only transmits the projected virtual image light information in the -z direction through its coupled light exit pupil , Where G ⁇ 1;
  • the small-pitch aperture array is composed of T groups of apertures that can be switched in time sequence.
  • Each aperture group includes G apertures spaced by T-1 apertures in sequence, along the -z direction, placed in front of the exit pupil of each coupling light, its G ⁇ T Among the two apertures, the distance between adjacent apertures is smaller than the pupil diameter D p of the observer, and the T aperture groups are sequentially displaced along the x direction, and one aperture is staggered, where T ⁇ 1, T ⁇ G ⁇ 2;
  • the coupling light exit pupils of adjacent conventional optical waveguide projection units are arranged along the x direction, sequentially shifted by T apertures without overlap, and each conventional optical waveguide projection unit corresponds to T apertures of different aperture groups arranged adjacently, the conventional light guide projection unit emits light through the exit pupil of the coupled light, covering its corresponding T apertures, and at the same time has no intersection with the corresponding apertures of other conventional light guide projection units;
  • the control unit controls the T aperture groups to be opened in sequence at each T adjacent time points, and controls each conventional optical waveguide projection unit to synchronously project a view of the scene to be displayed with respect to the corresponding open aperture of the conventional optical waveguide projection unit;
  • the diaphragm is arranged at the small-pitch aperture array to block out the part of the light emitted from each conventional optical waveguide projection unit that is transmitted outside the corresponding aperture of the conventional optical waveguide projection unit.
  • each conventional optical waveguide projection unit projects the virtual image loading information as a different part of a view.
  • the point of view is the intersection of the virtual image projected by each conventional light guide projection unit and the straight line corresponding to the opening aperture.
  • the groups to which they belong are changeable, the timing of opening the T aperture groups is changeable, and the stacking order of the G conventional optical waveguide projection units is changeable.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit includes: a pixel array, which synchronously loads the optical information required by the conventional optical waveguide projection unit and emits a light beam; an optical waveguide, which is composed of a substrate and a total reflection surface, transmits the incident light beam through total reflection;
  • the optical coupling device couples the incident light into the optical waveguide;
  • the relay device is placed between the pixel array and the light coupling device to phase modulate the output beam of each pixel of the pixel array, and pull the modulated beam into the optical coupling device;
  • the optical coupling-out device which modulates and guides the light propagated by the total reflection of the optical waveguide to be turned to the exit pupil of the coupling light;
  • the image projection device which guides the light-coupled-out device, comes from The light beams from different pixels of the pixel array extend in the +z direction and converge on the corresponding equivalent pixels on the projection surface to form a virtual image of the
  • the light beam exiting from the exit pupil of the coupling light is equivalent to the virtual image, etc.
  • the compensation unit is placed after the optical coupling out device along the -z direction, and is used to reversely eliminate the influence of the above-mentioned other devices on the incident light from the external environment.
  • the conventional light guide projection units in the stack share the image projection device or/and the compensation unit.
  • the pixel array is an OLED microdisplay, an LED microdisplay, an LCOS microdisplay, or a reflective surface that reflects external projection information
  • the optical waveguide is a planar optical waveguide
  • the light coupling-in device is carved by a micromachining process.
  • the image projection device is a concave lens or a holographic grating exposed on the light-wave-derived pupil surface, the compensation unit is a phase film, or a relief element, and the compensation unit is attached to the surface of the optical waveguide or etched on the surface of the optical waveguide, Or expose on the surface of the optical waveguide.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit is a frequency division multiplexing conventional optical waveguide projection unit formed by stacking three monochromatic conventional optical waveguide projection units, and the three monochromatic conventional optical waveguide projection units project light information with different wavelengths.
  • the exit pupils of their coupled out light overlap, sharing the image projection device or/and the compensation unit, and the projected overlapping virtual images of different wavelengths are mixed and synthesized into a color virtual image.
  • the stack structure of the polarization characteristic light guide projection unit is composed of G polarization characteristic light guide projection units.
  • Each polarization characteristic light guide projection unit projects a virtual image in the +z direction, and the projection is propagated in the -z direction only through its coupled light exit pupil Virtual image light information, where G ⁇ 1;
  • the virtual image projected by each polarizing characteristic light guide projection unit is composed of S sub-regions along the x direction, and the same polarization characteristic light guide projection unit projects the virtual image on the equivalent output light of the adjacent sub-regions
  • the polarization states are orthogonal to each other, and the equivalent outgoing light polarization states of the virtual image projected by the adjacent polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection units on the sub-regions with the same sequence number along the x direction are orthogonal to each other, where S ⁇ 1;
  • the small-pitch aperture array consists of T ⁇ (S+G-1) apertures whose adjacent distance along the x direction is smaller than the observer’s pupil diameter D p , and is placed in front of the exit pupil of each coupling light along the -z direction, with the interval T-
  • the S+G-1 apertures of 1 aperture are grouped separately, and the group of T aperture groups are sequentially staggered along the x direction, and one aperture is staggered.
  • the polarization states of the passing light are orthogonal to each other.
  • each adjacent S apertures in each aperture group are grouped twice to form G aperture subgroups, where T ⁇ 1, T ⁇ G ⁇ 2;
  • the coupling light exit pupils of adjacent polarization characteristic light guide projection units are sequentially shifted by T aperture arrangements, and the coupling light exit pupils are sequentially shifted for G polarization characteristic lights
  • the waveguide projection unit corresponds to the G aperture subgroups that are sequentially shifted in the same direction in each aperture group, wherein the S apertures of each aperture subgroup correspond to the S subregions of the optical waveguide projection unit corresponding to the polarization characteristic in the same direction, and When each aperture is opened, the polarization direction of the emitted light is allowed to be consistent with the polarization direction of the equivalent emitted light in the corresponding sub-region;
  • the control unit controls the opening of only one group of the T aperture groups at each T adjacent time points, and controls the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection units to synchronously project the scene to be displayed with respect to the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit corresponding to the opening of the aperture subgroup view;
  • the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit projects a view of the scene to be displayed on the corresponding open aperture subgroup, and its viewpoint is the straight line passing through each subregion of the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit and the corresponding aperture in the open aperture subgroup.
  • the diaphragm is attached to the small-pitch aperture array to block the part of the light emitted from each polarization characteristic light guide projection unit that is transmitted in the area outside the corresponding aperture of the polarization characteristic light guide projection unit.
  • each polarization characteristic light guide projection unit overlap, and the equivalent output light polarization states of the virtual images projected by adjacent polarization characteristic light guide projection units on the same overlapping sub-region are orthogonal to each other.
  • the sub-regions are arranged at equal intervals, and the apertures are arranged at an equal interval ⁇ d.
  • the width of the pupil along the x direction ⁇ W ⁇ T ⁇ S ⁇ d;
  • the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit projects a view of the scene to be displayed with respect to the corresponding open aperture subgroup, and its viewpoint is the center of each subregion of the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit and the subregion corresponding to the aperture in the open aperture subgroup The intersection of the lines in the center.
  • the attribution of the T apertures in the T group of apertures can be changed.
  • the state of each time point in a period is changeable, and the stacking order of the G polarization characteristic light guide projection units is changed.
  • the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit includes the following members: a pixel array is composed of S regions, and the polarization state of the light emitted from each region is consistent with the corresponding sub-region on the virtual image projected by the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit.
  • the light beam exiting from the exit pupil of the coupling light is equivalent to the virtual image equivalent exit light beam; compensation
  • the unit is placed after the optical coupling out device along the -z direction to reversely eliminate the influence of the above-mentioned other devices on the incident light from the external environment.
  • the stacked polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection units share the image plane projection device or/and the compensation unit.
  • the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit is a complex structure polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit formed by stacking M+N conventional optical waveguide projection units, and the coupling exit pupil of each conventional optical waveguide projection unit is one or more In an exit pupil distributed at intervals, the exit pupils of M conventional optical waveguide projection units are combined to form an exit pupil array, and each exit pupil is attached with a corresponding polarizing film with a size not smaller than the exit pupil size.
  • the exit pupil array The number, position, and polarization direction of the corresponding polarizing film are consistent with the polarization characteristic. The number, position and polarization direction of a polarization property in the corresponding aperture of the optical waveguide projection unit.
  • N conventional optical waveguide projection units couple the light exit pupil into another An exit pupil array, each exit pupil is attached with a corresponding polarizing film not less than the size of the exit pupil, and the number, position and polarization direction of the polarizing film corresponding to the exit pupil array are consistent with the corresponding aperture of the polarization characteristic light guide projection unit
  • M+N stacked conventional optical waveguide projection units share the image plane projection device or/and the compensation unit.
  • the stack structure of the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit is composed of a stack of G timing characteristic optical waveguide projection units, and each timing characteristic waveguide projection unit projects a virtual image divided into S sub-regions along the x direction in the +z direction, and is only projected through the timing characteristic waveguide
  • the unit couples the light exit pupil to propagate the projected virtual image light information in -z direction, where G ⁇ 1, S ⁇ 2;
  • the small-pitch aperture array is composed of T ⁇ (S+G-1) apertures whose adjacent distance along the x direction is smaller than the observer’s pupil diameter D p , placed in front of the exit pupil of each coupling light along the -z direction, with an interval of T-1
  • the S+G-1 apertures of each aperture are grouped separately, and the group of T aperture groups are sequentially staggered along the x direction, and one aperture is staggered.
  • the adjacent S apertures are grouped into one group twice.
  • Aperture subgroup composed of T ⁇ G aperture subgroups, where T ⁇ 1, T ⁇ G ⁇ 2;
  • the exit pupils of the adjacent timing characteristics optical waveguide projection units are sequentially shifted by T aperture arrangements, and the exit pupils of the coupled light are sequentially shifted by G timings
  • the characteristic light guide projection unit corresponds to the G aperture subgroups that are sequentially shifted in the same direction in each aperture group, and the S apertures of each aperture subgroup correspond to the S subregions of the corresponding timing characteristic light guide projection unit in the same direction.
  • the control unit at one point in time, only opens an aperture cluster composed of apertures that are sequentially spaced V-1 apertures in only one aperture group, and controls the T ⁇ V different aperture clusters of all aperture groups in each time period ⁇ t Adjacent T ⁇ V time points are opened only one cluster at a time, among which 2 ⁇ V ⁇ S;
  • the information about an aperture in the sub-region of the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit is information on the sub-region of the view of the virtual image region of the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit about the aperture subgroup where the aperture is located;
  • the view of the virtual image area of the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit with respect to an aperture subgroup the viewpoint of which is the intersection of the lines passing through each subregion of the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit and the subregion in the aperture subgroup corresponding to the aperture;
  • the diaphragm is attached to the above-mentioned small-pitch aperture array to block the part of the light emitted from each time-sequence characteristic light guide projection unit that is transmitted in the area outside the corresponding aperture of the time-sequence characteristic light guide projection unit.
  • the viewpoint is the center of each subregion of the virtual image projected by the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit and the connection between the subregion and the corresponding aperture center in the aperture subgroup The intersection of the lines.
  • the optical waveguide projection unit with timing characteristics includes the following members: a pixel array, composed of S regions, which simultaneously loads the projection information required by the conventional optical waveguide projection unit and emits light beams; and the optical waveguide is composed of a substrate and total reflection It is composed of surface, which transmits the incident light beam through total reflection; the optical coupling device couples the incident light into the optical waveguide; the relay device is placed between the pixel array and the light coupling device, and the phase modulates the output beam of each pixel of the pixel array and modulates The rear beam is drawn into the light coupling-in device; the light exit pupil is coupled out, and the optical waveguide transmits the light exit aperture; the light coupling out device is modulated to guide the light beam propagated by the total reflection of the optical waveguide to be turned to the coupling-out light exit pupil; the image projection device turns the light The light beams from different pixels of the pixel array guided by the coupling-out device extend backward along the +z direction and converge on the corresponding equivalent pixels on the projection surface to form
  • optical waveguide projection units with time-series characteristics in the stack share the image projection device or/and the compensation unit.
  • the state of the T ⁇ V time points in each time period is changeable, and the stacking order of the G time-sequence characteristic optical waveguide projection units is changeable.
  • the stack structure of the polarization timing light guide projection unit is composed of a stack of G polarization timing light guide projection units, and each polarization timing light guide projection unit projects a virtual image in the +z direction, and only propagates the projection in the -z direction through its coupled light exit pupil Virtual image light information, where G ⁇ 1;
  • the characteristic of the stack structure of the polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit is that the virtual image projected by each polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit is composed of S sub-regions along the x direction.
  • the same polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit projects the virtual image on the adjacent sub-regions.
  • the polarization states of the emitted light are orthogonal to each other, and the equivalent emitted light polarization states of the virtual image projected by the adjacent polarization sequential light guide projection units on the sub-regions with the same sequence number along the x direction are orthogonal to each other, where S ⁇ 1;
  • the small-pitch aperture array consists of T ⁇ (S+G-1) apertures whose adjacent distance along the x direction is smaller than the observer’s pupil diameter D p , and is placed in front of the exit pupil of each coupling light along the -z direction, with the interval T-
  • the S+G-1 apertures of 1 aperture are grouped separately, and the group of T aperture groups are sequentially staggered along the x direction, and one aperture is staggered.
  • the polarization states of the passing light are orthogonal to each other.
  • the adjacent S apertures in each aperture group are grouped into two groups to form G aperture subgroups, where T ⁇ 1, T ⁇ G ⁇ 2;
  • the most adjacent apertures with different polarization states constitute the first mixed aperture, and then in the aperture group, from the first mixed aperture After the first pore size starts, the same method is used to define the second mixed pore size, and so on, to determine all the mixed pore sizes in the pore group;
  • the exit pupils of the adjacent polarization timing optical waveguide projection units are arranged with T apertures sequentially shifted along the x direction, and the G polarization timing lights whose output pupils are sequentially shifted
  • the waveguide projection unit corresponds to the G aperture subgroups that are sequentially shifted in the same direction in each aperture group.
  • the S apertures of each aperture subgroup correspond to the S subregions of the corresponding polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit one by one in the same direction, and each When the aperture is opened, the polarization direction of the emitted light is allowed to be consistent with the polarization direction of the equivalent emitted light in the corresponding sub-area;
  • the control unit at one point in time, only opens an aperture cluster composed of mixed apertures of V-1 mixed apertures in sequence in only one aperture group, and controls the T ⁇ V different aperture clusters of all aperture groups in each time period
  • the adjacent T ⁇ V time points in ⁇ t are opened sequentially, and only one aperture cluster is opened at a time point, 2 ⁇ V ⁇ [(S+1)/2], [] is the rounding symbol;
  • an aperture corresponds to the sub-region loading information, which is the view of the virtual image area projected by the polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit corresponding to the sub-region on the sub-region with respect to the aperture subgroup corresponding to the polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit. information;
  • the polarization timing light guide projection unit projects a view of the virtual image area with respect to the corresponding aperture subgroup, and its viewpoint is each subregion of the virtual image projected by the polarization timing light guide projection unit and the straight line of the subregion in the aperture subgroup corresponding to the aperture.
  • the diaphragm is attached to the small-pitch aperture array to block the part of the light emitted from each polarization timing light guide projection unit that is transmitted in the area outside the corresponding aperture of the polarization timing light guide projection unit.
  • each polarization timing light guide projection unit overlap, and the equivalent exiting light polarization states of the virtual images projected by adjacent polarization timing light guide projection units on the same overlapping sub region are orthogonal to each other.
  • the width of the exit pupil along the x direction is ⁇ W ⁇ T ⁇ S ⁇ d.
  • the polarized light waveguide projection unit projects a view of the virtual image region with respect to the corresponding aperture subgroup, and its viewpoint is the center of each subregion of the virtual image projected by the temporal characteristic optical waveguide projection unit and the center of the subregion in the aperture subgroup corresponding to the aperture center. The intersection of the lines.
  • the polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit and the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit adopt the same optical structure.
  • the states of the T ⁇ V time points in each time period are changeable, and the stacking order of the G polarization timing optical waveguide projection units is changeable.
  • This patent is based on the display method disclosed in PCT15/481,467 through "projecting different views to different areas of the pupil of the observer" to realize the presentation of the monocular multi-view light field, and uses the optical waveguide and other optical components to form the optical waveguide projection unit as image transmission
  • the display means discloses a thin and light three-dimensional display system based on an optical waveguide stack structure, through which at least one optical waveguide projection unit couples the area division-combined control of the exit pupil, combined with polarization characteristics or/and timing characteristics, to realize the observer’s eyes.
  • the display system described in this application document adopts an optical waveguide structure, which is extremely thin and light, and can be applied to various screens and portable display terminals, such as head-mounted VR, AR, mobile phone, iPad, etc. More importantly, the stack of multiple optical waveguides in this patent is equivalent to providing multiple display devices (pixel arrays). Compared with the case where the monocular corresponds to only one display device in the system described in PCT15/481,467, this greatly improves The bandwidth of the display system is improved, and the realization of high-quality monocular multi-view is easier.
  • the exit pupils of the stacked optical waveguides are completely coincident, such as PCT/2013/045267 (PCT/2013/045267 ()).
  • PCT/2013/045267 () PCT/2013/045267 ()).
  • the area division-combination control of the exit pupil of the optical waveguide projection unit of this patent is based on the design arrangement of the exit pupil size and the displacement amount of each optical waveguide of the stack, or/and the exit pupil of each optical waveguide of the stack It is realized by the area division multiplexing of the externally introduced aperture array.
  • the structural design of the system components and each stacked optical waveguide described in this patent is different from the structural design of the components of the existing lightwave stacked AR system and each stacked optical waveguide. Moreover, the polarization characteristics and timing characteristics of the pixel array (display device) introduced in this patent are also not discussed in the existing patents.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects: a light field display system based on the optical waveguide coupling-out exit pupil division-combined control of the present invention, through at least one optical waveguide projection unit coupling the area division-combined control of the exit pupil, combined Polarization characteristics or/and timing characteristics, to achieve the observer's monocular multi-view three-dimensional light field display.
  • a light field display system based on the optical waveguide coupling-out exit pupil division-combined control of the present invention, through at least one optical waveguide projection unit coupling the area division-combined control of the exit pupil, combined Polarization characteristics or/and timing characteristics, to achieve the observer's monocular multi-view three-dimensional light field display.
  • a light field display system based on the optical waveguide coupling-out exit pupil division-combined control of the present invention, through at least one optical waveguide projection unit coupling the area division-combined control of the exit pupil, combined Polarization characteristics or/and timing characteristics, to achieve the observer's monocular multi-
  • Figure 1 An example of a conventional optical waveguide projection unit structure.
  • Fig. 2 is another example of conventional optical waveguide projection unit structure.
  • Fig. 3 is a stack structure of light guide projection units with overlapping light exit pupils.
  • Fig. 4 Out-coupling light exit pupil partially overlapped-optical waveguide dislocation type optical waveguide projection unit stack structure.
  • Fig. 5 Partially overlapped exit pupil of the coupled out light-Optical waveguide aligned optical waveguide projection unit stack structure.
  • Fig. 6 Out-coupling light exit pupil non-overlapping-optical waveguide dislocation type optical waveguide projection unit stack structure.
  • Figure 7 Optical structure of conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system.
  • Fig. 8 The conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system view loading at time t.
  • the view of the aperture in FIG. 9 corresponds to a schematic diagram of the viewpoint distribution area.
  • Fig. 10 is a view loading of the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system t+ ⁇ t/2.
  • Figure 11 The effect of the distance between the observer’s pupil and the small-pitch aperture array on the optical parameters of the display system.
  • Figure 14 Frequency division multiplexing conventional optical waveguide projection unit.
  • Figure 15 Polarization characteristics of the optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system optical structure.
  • Figure 16 Polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system view loading at time t.
  • Figure 18 Optical waveguide projection unit with complex structure polarization characteristics.
  • Figure 19 Timing characteristics of the optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system working state at a point in time.
  • Figure 20 Timing characteristics of the optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system working state at another point in time.
  • Fig. 21 Polarized light sequential optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system.
  • the display system of the present invention uses the optical waveguide projection unit stack structure as the optical information transmission and projection structure, and the split-combination control of the exit pupil of each optical waveguide projection unit is coupled with polarization characteristics or/and timing characteristics.
  • the waveguide projection unit projects the corresponding views with the distance between the viewpoints smaller than the diameter of the pupil of the observer to each eye of the observer through different out-coupling light exit pupils or different areas of the different out-coupling light exit pupils.
  • a light field three-dimensional display system with a thin and light optical structure is built based on the stacked film-like optical waveguide.
  • this patent uses an optical waveguide projection unit composed of a film-like optical waveguide and other optical components as an image transmission and display means. Due to the adoption of an optical waveguide structure, the It is thin and light. More importantly, the stack of multiple optical waveguides in this patent is equivalent to providing multiple display devices (pixel arrays). Compared with the case where the monocular corresponds to only one display device in the system described in PCT15/481,467, this greatly improves The bandwidth of the display system is improved, and the realization of high-quality monocular multi-view is easier.
  • the exit pupils of the stacked optical waveguides are completely coincident, such as PCT/2013/045267, which suppresses the conflict of focus and convergence by projecting multiple display surfaces to different depths in space.
  • the area division-combination control of the exit pupil of the optical waveguide projection unit of the present patent is achieved by stacking the size of the exit pupil and the displacement of the exit pupil of each optical waveguide projection unit, or/and coupling the output of each optical waveguide projection unit.
  • the pupil is realized by the area division multiplexing of the externally introduced aperture array.
  • FIG. 1 shows an optical waveguide projection unit commonly used in the optical display field, that is, a conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101.
  • the pixel array 1101 mainly includes a pixel array 1101, an optical waveguide 1301, a relay device 1201a, an optical coupling-in device 1201b, an optical coupling-out device 1501, an image projection device 1701, and a compensation unit 1801.
  • the pixel array 1101 is composed of pixels, which synchronously load optical information and emit light beams.
  • the optical waveguide 1301, a two-dimensional optical waveguide is composed of a substrate and total reflection surfaces 1401a and 1401b, and transmits the incident light beam through total reflection.
  • the light coupling device 1201b can be a microstructure grating etched on the surface of the optical waveguide by a micromachining process, or a holographic grating exposed in the optical waveguide, or a mirror coated on the surface of the optical waveguide, or attached to the surface of the optical waveguide
  • the diffraction grating couples the incident light into the optical waveguide 1301.
  • the relay device 1201a is placed between the pixel array 1101 and the light coupling device 1201b, and can be a collimating lens, collimating the light beams emitted by each pixel of the pixel array 1101, and pulling the collimated light beams into the light coupling device 1201b.
  • the relay device 1201a may also be a reflective imaging device, which images the pixel array 1101 to the light coupling device 1201b, or includes a mirror that plays a steering function.
  • the light coupling-out device 1501 is an embossed optical element etched on the surface of the optical waveguide, or a reflective surface array etched in the substrate of the optical waveguide through a micro-machining process, or a holographic grating exposed on the substrate of the optical waveguide, modulating and guiding the entire optical waveguide 1301 The reflected and propagated light is turned to the exit pupil 1601 of the coupling-out light.
  • the out-coupling light exit pupil 1601 is represented by a dotted line to distinguish it from the total reflection surface 1401b.
  • the light beams from different pixels of the pixel array 1101 are guided to enter the exit pupil 1601 along the -z direction, and then pass through the image projection device 1701 to form a virtual image on the projection surface 1901 along +z, thereby forming the pixel array 1101 on the projection surface
  • the virtual image 1101' on 1901 A common situation is that the collimated light beams from different pixels of the pixel array 1101 maintain the collimated light state to enter the exit pupil 1601 along the -z direction at respective corresponding angles, and then pass through the image projection device 1701 along the +z direction.
  • the extended and convergent corresponding equivalent pixels on the projection surface 1901 form a virtual image 1101 ′ of the pixel array 1101 on the projection surface 1901.
  • the light beam exiting from the exit pupil of the coupling light can also be equivalently referred to as the light beam exiting from the virtual image 1101'.
  • the compensation unit 1801 is placed after the optical coupling out device along the -z direction, and is used to reversely eliminate the influence of other devices of the optical waveguide projection unit on the incident light from the external environment, so as to realize the superimposition and fusion between the displayed scene and the external real scene. Often required for augmented reality AR. When the external real scene is not needed, the compensation unit 1801 can be replaced by an additional light shielding device, such as a light shielding film. This common-sense operation is not shown in FIG. 1 and will not be repeated here. In FIG.
  • the relay device 1201a is embodied as a collimating lens, which converts the light emitted by each pixel of the pixel array 1101 into parallel light beams with different propagation directions.
  • the optical coupling device 1201b is embodied as a holographic grating exposed to the optical waveguide 1301. It couples the parallel light beams of different propagation directions input through the relay device 1201a into the optical waveguide 1301, so that each light beam is at least partially in the optical waveguide.
  • the inside of 1301 propagates to the light coupling out device 1501 through total reflection.
  • the out-coupling light device 1501 is embodied as a holographic grating exposed on the diaphragm, and the holographic grating is attached to the surface of the optical waveguide 1301.
  • the out-coupling optical device 1501 modulates the optical waveguide 1301 based on the total reflection of the light beam propagated, so that its propagation direction is turned to the out-coupling light exit pupil 1601 in the -z direction.
  • the -z-direction and the x-direction indicate a vertical relationship. In fact, the two can also be in a non-vertical relationship.
  • the light beam transmitted along the x direction is modulated by the out-coupling optical device 1501 and transmitted along the -z direction which is not perpendicular to the x. This situation is easy to understand.
  • the -z direction and the x direction in the following embodiments show a vertical relationship, and the non-vertical situation will not be repeated.
  • the compensation unit 1801 is embodied as a relief device.
  • Figure 2 shows another commonly used optical waveguide projection unit 101. It is different from Figure 1 in that the optical coupling-in device 1201b is a reflective surface, and the coupling-out optical device 1501 is placed in the optical waveguide 1301 along x A semi-transmissive and semi-reverse array distributed in an array. For clarity and simplicity of the illustration, only the semi-transparent and semi-reverse surfaces 1501a3 and 1501a7 are identified in FIG. 2.
  • the compensation unit 1801 in FIG. 2 is also an example of an independent phase film attached to an optical waveguide, and the image projection device 1701 is an independent holographic phase grating, which has an imaging function similar to a concave lens.
  • Figures 1 and 2 depict two common conventional optical waveguide projection units 101.
  • the combination of various optical waveguides and components with the following functions can be used as the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101 in this application document: the display pattern of the pixel array 1101 is transmitted through the optical waveguide 1301, and other optical devices The z-direction forms a virtual image to the projection surface 1901, and the virtual image-equivalent exit light is transmitted along the -z direction only through the exit pupil of the coupled light.
  • these optical waveguide components When the virtual images projected by these optical waveguide components further have the polarization characteristics or/and the timing characteristics described below in this patent, they can also be used as the polarization characteristics optical waveguide projection unit 301 or the timing characteristics optical waveguide projection unit 501 in this application document, or Polarized light timing optical waveguide projection unit 601.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the stack structure 10 of conventional optical waveguide projection units by superposing three conventional optical waveguide projection units 101, 102 and 103 as an example. Their out-coupling light exit pupils 1601, 1602, and 1603 are arranged coincidentally along the x direction. For a clearer illustration, some components of the conventional light guide projection unit are not shown in the figure.
  • the image projection devices 1701, 1702, and 1703 are shared, and the compensation units 1801, 1802, and 1803 are shared.
  • the total reflection surface of the optical waveguide totally reflects the light transmitted in the optical waveguide, but for the light transmitted along the -z direction at a certain deviation angle, the incident angle does not meet the requirements of total reflection and has a higher transmittance. This is also the light effect advantage of optical waveguides when applied in VR or AR.
  • the exit light transmitted along the -z direction through the optical waveguide coupling the exit pupil can transmit the "total reflection surface" of other optical waveguides in this direction.
  • the coupling exit pupils of the optical waveguides can also be partially overlapped, as shown in Figure 4, where the reflective surfaces 1401c, 1402c, and 1403c can couple the uncoupled light beams in the optical waveguides through two
  • the secondary reflection again introduces the out-coupling optical device 1501 to improve the out-coupling efficiency.
  • the reflective surface can be added when needed to improve the coupling efficiency, for clarity, the reflective surface will no longer be drawn in the following figure.
  • the optical waveguides of different optical waveguide projection units may be arranged in a misaligned manner as shown in FIG. 4, or may be arranged in an aligned manner as shown in FIG.
  • Figs. 3 to 5 show the image projection devices 1701, 1702, and 1703, and the compensation units 1801, 1802, and 1803 are shared.
  • Fig. 6 shows the stack structure of the out-coupling light exit pupil completely non-overlapping optical waveguide projection unit in the case of optical waveguide misalignment arrangement.
  • the image projection devices 1701, 1702, and 1703 can also choose to be attached or etched respectively to the respective exit pupils of the outcoupling light.
  • the misalignment of adjacent optical waveguides along the -z direction is very small, and the image projection devices of different optical waveguide projection units are optimally shared.
  • the structure shown in FIG. 6 can also adopt an optical waveguide aligned structure.
  • the illustrations used in the following embodiments sometimes adopt an optical waveguide dislocation type structure, and sometimes an optical waveguide alignment type structure, but the two structures can be used in common and will not be repeated.
  • Figures 1 to 6 describe the common structure of the conventional light guide projection unit 101 and the different spatial positional relationships between the exit pupils of the light guide projection units when they are superimposed.
  • the display system described in this patent is explained based on a similar structure.
  • the optical waveguide and related auxiliary optical devices that project the virtual image and guide its optical information to propagate only through the corresponding exit pupil of the coupling light can replace the optical waveguide projection unit in the following embodiments to achieve a light field with a thin and light structure.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system is shown in Figure 7, which is composed of G ( ⁇ 1) conventional optical waveguide projection units stacked.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101 projects the virtual image 1101 ′ to the projection surface 1901 in the +z direction, and transmits the optical information of the virtual image 1101 ′ in the ⁇ z direction only through the coupling light exit pupil 1601.
  • the conventional light guide projection unit 102 projects the virtual image 1102' to the projection surface 1902 in the +z direction, and only transmits the optical information of the virtual image 1102' in the -z direction through the coupling out pupil 1602.
  • the projection surfaces 1901 and 1902, the virtual image 1101' and the virtual image 1102' are designed to overlap in space.
  • T-1 1 aperture
  • T 2 groups of apertures are arranged staggered.
  • the completely non-overlapping coupling exit pupils 1601 and 1602, offset T 2 apertures, so that the exit pupil 1601 only covers the apertures A 11 and A 21 , and the exit pupil 1602 only covers the aperture A 12 and A 22 .
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101 projects the virtual image 1101', and the equivalent emitted light can only cover the apertures A 11 and A 21 corresponding to the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101, and there is no intersection with the apertures A 12 and A 22 ;
  • the virtual image 1102' projected by the waveguide projection unit 102 can only cover the apertures A 12 and A 22 corresponding to the conventional light waveguide projection unit 102, and the apertures A 11 and A 21 have no intersection.
  • the diaphragm 70 is placed at the small-pitch aperture array 60 to block the transmitted light from the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101 that passes through the spatial area other than the corresponding apertures A 11 and A 21 , and block the transmission from the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 102 , The transmitted light passing through the space outside the corresponding apertures A 12 and A 22 .
  • the control unit 80 connects the small-pitch aperture array 60 and the pixel arrays 1101 and 1102 corresponding to the virtual images 1101 ′ and 1102 ′, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • Fig. 8 shows the state where the aperture groups A 11 and A 12 are opened at time t.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101 corresponding to the aperture A 11 projects a virtual image 1101', and its optical information can only be transmitted through the aperture A 11 , and its content is the view of the scene to be displayed with respect to A 11 ; the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 102 corresponding to the aperture A 12
  • the projected virtual image 1102', the optical information of which can only be transmitted through the aperture A 12 , and the content of the scene to be displayed is the view of A 12 .
  • the view of an aperture of the scene to be displayed can be based on the method described in PCT15/481,467.
  • the viewpoint distribution area of the view is the area enclosed by the line of the edge points of the projected virtual image area and the aperture edge points, as shown in the diagonal line coverage area in Figure 9.
  • the viewpoint is taken as the midpoint of the corresponding aperture, such as viewpoints VP1 and VP3 in FIG. 8.
  • Fig. 10 shows the state where the aperture groups A 21 and A 22 are opened at time t+ ⁇ t/2.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101 corresponding to aperture A 21 sets the projected virtual image 1101 ′ as the scene to be displayed with respect to the midpoint VP2 of aperture A 21
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 102 corresponding to aperture A 22 sets the projected virtual image 1102 ′ as the scene to be displayed A view of point VP4 in A 22 . In different time periods, repeat the process.
  • the observer pupil at the small-pitch aperture array 1701 can pass through apertures with a spacing smaller than the pupil diameter without flicker to obtain views from two or more different viewpoints.
  • Another method for determining view information which is different from PCT15/481,467, is that when the virtual images projected by the conventional optical waveguide projection units are not spatially overlapping, for example, they are adjacent to each other on the projection surface.
  • each conventional The optical waveguide projection unit projects the virtual image loading information for different parts of a view, the viewpoint of which is the intersection of the virtual image projected by each conventional optical waveguide projection unit and its corresponding open aperture, such as the center point of the virtual image projected by each conventional optical waveguide projection unit The intersection of the line with its corresponding open aperture center point.
  • the points in the point distribution area can all be taken as the aforementioned viewpoints.
  • a conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 10 corresponds to one eye of the observer, and two conventional optical waveguide projection unit stacks with the same structure-time division multiplexing display system 10 correspond to the observer’s two eyes respectively, which can be constructed
  • Binocular three-dimensional display systems such as head-mounted virtual reality VR, head-mounted augmented reality AR, etc.
  • the following embodiments only discuss the monocular multi-view presentation. In the case that the monocular structure is easily extended to the binocular display system, the situation of the binocular display system will not be discussed in detail.
  • the group of T apertures corresponding to the same conventional optical waveguide projection unit can be exchanged, each The timing of opening the aperture group can be exchanged, and the stacking order of G conventional optical waveguide projection units can also be exchanged.
  • the distance L r between the observer's eye and the small-pitch aperture array 60 must be greater than zero.
  • ⁇ d/ ⁇ d' D/(D+L r ).
  • ⁇ d′ is the spatial distance between the pupil of the light from an equivalent pixel on the projection surface 1901 and passing through the adjacent viewpoint
  • D is the distance between the small-pitch aperture array 60 and the projection surface 1901.
  • the equivalent pixel is the corresponding image point of a pixel of the projection unit on the virtual image of the projection unit, and the light emitted by the pixel transmitted in the -z direction through the exit pupil can be equivalently regarded as the light emitted by the equivalent pixel.
  • ⁇ d' increases.
  • two conditions can ensure that more than one view enters the observer's eye.
  • ⁇ d' is smaller than the pupil diameter D p , not only that ⁇ d is smaller than the pupil diameter D p ;
  • the number of apertures is large enough, along the x direction, satisfying: the distance of the two most distant apertures / projected virtual image size ⁇ L r /(L r +D).
  • ⁇ d is small enough and the number of apertures is large enough, a larger L r value can be obtained.
  • the observer's eyes are not placed at L r , but placed closer to the small-pitch aperture array 60.
  • a conventional optical waveguide The projection unit stack-time-division multiplexing display system 10 may provide a binocular viewing zone that covers the observer, so that each observer can receive more than one view information in the viewing zone.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 10 can be further applied to portable terminals such as mobile phones, as well as computer screens and various other display screen devices. If ⁇ d is small enough and the number of apertures is large enough, while ensuring a reasonable display frequency, the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 10 will be required to combine a larger number of optical waveguide projection units with high display frame rate.
  • the design requirements for the size of L r in this paragraph are also applicable to the following display systems based on other types of lightwave projection units, which will not be repeated below.
  • the apertures shown are all adjacent and seamlessly arranged, that is, the aperture width is equal to the aperture pitch.
  • the aperture width can also be greater or smaller than the aperture pitch.
  • the realization that the aperture width is greater than the aperture pitch can be achieved by devices such as a controllable liquid crystal aperture array.
  • T and G When T and G are set to 1, the optical structure of the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 10 is shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 respectively. But to ensure the presentation of at least two views of a pupil, T ⁇ G ⁇ 2 is required, so T and G cannot take 1 at the same time.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit may also be composed of a superposition of optical waveguide projection units that only project a single-color virtual image, as shown in FIG. 14 for frequency division multiplexing of the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 201.
  • the frequency division multiplexing conventional optical waveguide projection unit 201 is formed by stacking three monochromatic (for example, commonly used R, G, B) optical waveguide projection units 101, 102, and 103.
  • the three monochromatic conventional light guide projection units 101, 102, and 103 project virtual image equivalent output lights as red light, green light and blue light respectively, and synthesize to produce a color virtual image effect. Their coupled light exit pupils overlap and share image projection devices.
  • Fig. 15 Another kind of polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system that realizes monocular multi-view light field display is shown in Fig. 15, which is composed of G ( ⁇ 1) polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit stacks.
  • the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 301 projects the virtual image 1101 ′ to the projection surface 1901 in the +z direction, and transmits the optical information of the virtual image 1101 ′ in the ⁇ z direction only through the coupling-out pupil 1601.
  • the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 302 projects the virtual image 1102' to the projection surface 1902 in the +z direction, and only transmits the optical information of the virtual image 1102' in the -z direction through the coupling out pupil 1602.
  • the projection surfaces 1901 and 1902, the virtual image 1101 ′ and the virtual image 1102 ′ are designed to overlap in space, and the polarization characteristic light guide projection units share the image projection device 1701 and the compensation unit 1801.
  • the image projection device 1701 and the compensation unit 1801 are not shown in FIG. 15.
  • the virtual image 1102' is composed of the same four sub-regions along the x direction, namely, sub-region 1 (302), sub-region 2 (302), sub-region 3 (302), and region 4 (302). When they completely overlap, they are directly represented by area 1, sub area 2, sub area 3, and area 4.
  • the requirements for the polarization characteristics of the equivalent outgoing light information on each sub-area are as follows: the virtual image projected by the same polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit on its adjacent sub-area, the equivalent outgoing light polarization states are orthogonal to each other, and the adjacent polarization characteristic optical waveguides are projected The polarization states of the equivalent emitted light on the sub-regions of the same sequence number along the x direction of the virtual image projected by the unit are orthogonal to each other. In the case where the projected virtual images of the polarization characteristic light guide projection units overlap, the latter requirement is that the equivalent output light polarization states of the virtual images projected by the adjacent polarization characteristic light guide projection units on the same subregion are orthogonal to each other. As shown in Fig.
  • the equivalent polarization state distribution of the emitted light of 1101' is set to "- ⁇ - ⁇ "
  • the equivalent polarization state distribution of the 1102' of the emitted light is set to " ⁇ - ⁇ -”.
  • the apertures A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 and A 15 form one aperture group
  • the apertures A 21 , A 22 , A 23 , A 24 and A 25 form another aperture group.
  • the apertures of the two aperture groups are sequentially designed as "- ⁇ - ⁇ -" along the x-direction to allow polarization of the transmitted light.
  • T 2 apertures.
  • the adjacent apertures A 11 , A 12 , A 13 and A 14 forming an aperture sub-group correspond to sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3, and sub-region 4 of 1101'respectively;
  • the adjacent A 12 , A 13 , A 14 and A 15 of an aperture sub-group correspond to sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3 and sub-region 4 of 1102'respectively;
  • an aperture is formed
  • the adjacent groups A 21 , A 22 , A 23 and A 24 respectively correspond to sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3, and sub-region 4 of 1101' respectively, forming the adjacent A 22 and A 23 of another aperture sub-group , A 24 and A 25 respectively correspond to sub-area 1, sub-area 2, sub-area 3 and sub-area 4 of 1102' respectively.
  • Each aperture has the same polarization characteristics as its corresponding sub-area.
  • An aperture may only correspond to one sub-area, for example, aperture A 11 only corresponds to sub-area 1 of 1101', or it may correspond to different sub-areas of virtual images projected by optical waveguide projection units with different polarization characteristics, for example, aperture A 12 corresponds to 1101' Sub-region 2 and sub-region 1 of 1102'.
  • the diaphragm 70 is placed at the small-pitch aperture array 60 to block the transmitted light from the space area outside the aperture of each polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit.
  • the control unit 80 connects the small-pitch aperture array 60 and the pixel arrays 1101 and 1102 corresponding to the virtual images 1101' and 1102'. For clarity and simplicity of illustration, the control unit 80 and the pixel arrays 1101 and 1102 are not shown in the figure.
  • the control unit 80 only opens one aperture group respectively.
  • Fig. 16 shows that at time t, only the aperture groups A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 and A 15 are opened.
  • the sub-region 1 of the virtual image 1101' projects a view of the aperture to the aperture A 11.
  • the sub-regions 2, 3, and 4 of the virtual image 1101' project a view of the aperture to the apertures A 12 , A 13 , and A 14 , respectively, and the virtual image 1102'
  • the sub-regions 1, 2, 3, 4 project views on the apertures A 12 , A 13 , A 14 , and A 15 respectively .
  • the view of a sub-region with respect to an aperture refers to the distribution information of the view of the aperture in the sub-region of the scene to be displayed.
  • the viewpoint area of this view is similarly designed with the principle shown in Fig. 9, and the midpoint of the corresponding aperture is optimally selected.
  • the difference is that the edge points on the projection surface 1901 are the edge points of the sub-area instead of the edge points of the entire projected virtual image.
  • View loading can also adopt another loading method: each polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit simultaneously projects the view of the scene to be displayed with respect to the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit corresponding to the opened aperture subgroup.
  • One of the viewpoints of the scene projected by the polarization characteristic light guide projection unit with respect to the view corresponding to the open aperture subgroup is the different sub-areas of the virtual image projected by the polarization characteristic light guide projection unit and the sub-areas corresponding to the aperture subgroup The intersection of the straight lines of the aperture.
  • the optimal viewpoint is the intersection of the center of each sub-region of the virtual image projected by the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit and the center of each aperture in the corresponding aperture subgroup, as shown in Figure 16.
  • the aperture groups A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 and A 15 are closed, and the aperture groups A 21 , A 22 , A 23 , A 24 and A 25 are opened.
  • each viewpoint of the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 20 is effectively improved compared to the conventional optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 10 described in FIG. , Or the distance between the viewpoint and the small-pitch aperture array 60 is increased.
  • the T apertures corresponding to the same sub-region of the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit belong to the group T apertures Can be exchanged. Further, after the one-to-one correspondence between each sub-region and each aperture of each polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit is determined, the working order of each time point in a period can also be changed, and the stacking order of G polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection units It can also be exchanged.
  • the polarization characteristic light guide projection unit 301 can adopt the structure of the basic light guide projection unit 101 shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or even other ones that can project the virtual image 1101' to the projection surface 1901 at a limited distance from the exit pupil 1601 through the -z direction.
  • Other optical waveguide projection units, but the pixel array 1101 that requires the emitted light should also be divided into S regions according to the object image correspondence relationship, and the polarization characteristics of the emitted light from each region are consistent with the polarization direction of the equivalent emitted light on the projection surface 1901 in the corresponding sub-viewing area .
  • the optical device in which the light transmission process interacts with the light has polarization maintaining characteristics. For example, the total reflection surfaces 1401a and 1401b that do not change the polarization direction of the incident light, the light coupling-out device 1501 whose polarization state of the emitted light is the same as that of the incident light, and so on.
  • the conventional light guide projection unit 101 couples the light exit pupil into two spaced exit pupils, and each exit pupil is attached with polarizers 90a and 90b with the same size as the corresponding exit pupil, allowing the polarization state to be " ⁇ "; the conventional light guide projection unit 102
  • the exit pupil of the coupled light is two spaced exit pupils.
  • Each exit pupil is attached with polarizers 90c and 90d with the same size as the corresponding exit pupil, and the polarization state allowed to pass is "-". They are designed in the order of 90c, 90a, 90d, and 90b along the x direction.
  • 90c corresponds to subarea 1 of 1102'
  • 90a corresponds to subarea 2 of 1101'
  • 90d corresponds to subarea 3 of 1102'
  • 90b corresponds to subarea 4 of 1101'.
  • Sub-region 3 of 1102' and sub-region 4 of 1101' are respectively used as sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3 and sub-region 4 of the optical waveguide projection unit 401 with polarization characteristics of the complex structure, which are equivalent to the polarization of the emitted light
  • the states are sequentially "- ⁇ - ⁇ " along the x direction.
  • sub-regions of the conventional light guide projection unit including 1101' sub-region 1, 1102' sub-region 2, 1101' sub-region 3 and 1102' sub-region 4, are no longer loaded on the corresponding pixels on the pixel array Information, or simply does not exist.
  • the “ ⁇ ” in the figure represents that the sub-region is not loaded with view information, or its corresponding pixel on the pixel array 1101 does not exist.
  • the stacked conventional optical waveguide projection units optimally share an image projection device 1701 and a compensation unit 1801.
  • the polarizer corresponding to each exit pupil is attached to the exit pupil.
  • the polarizer corresponding to each exit pupil can also be attached to the frontmost optical waveguide surface along the beam propagation direction, that is, the optical waveguide surface 1401b shown in FIG. 18. Furthermore, the polarizer corresponding to each exit pupil can be replaced by the polarizer of each aperture of the small-pitch aperture array 60. Only when T aperture groups are used, the exit pupils of the complex structure polarization characteristic light guide projection unit need to be allocated to adjacent T apertures of the aperture array 60.
  • Time-sequence characteristic optical waveguide projection unit stack-time division multiplexing display system 30 is shown in FIG. 19, which is composed of a stack of G ( ⁇ 1) time-sequence characteristic optical waveguide projection units.
  • the timing characteristics of the optical waveguide projection unit 501 projects the virtual image 1101 ′ to the projection surface 1901 in the +z direction, and propagates the optical information of the virtual image 1101 ′ in the ⁇ z direction only through the coupling light exit pupil 1601.
  • the timing light guide projection unit 502 projects the virtual image 1102' to the projection surface 1902 in the +z direction, and propagates the optical information of the virtual image 1102' in the -z direction only through the coupling light exit pupil 1602.
  • the projection surfaces 1901 and 1902, the virtual image 1101' and the virtual image 1102' are designed to overlap in space.
  • the optical waveguide projection units with timing characteristics share the image projection device 1701 and the compensation unit 1801.
  • the image projection device 1701 and the compensation unit 1801 are not shown in FIG. 19.
  • G The exit pupils of the coupling-out light of 2 adjacent time-series characteristic optical waveguide projection units are sequentially misaligned along the x direction.
  • T 2 aperture arrangement.
  • the apertures A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 and A 15 form an aperture group, and the apertures A 21 , A 22 , A 23 , A 24 and A 25 form another aperture group.
  • a 11 , A 12 , A 13 and A 14 forming an aperture sub-group correspond to sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3, and sub-region 4 of 1101′ respectively, forming an aperture sub-group
  • the A 12 , A 13 , A 14 and A 15 of 1102 ′ correspond to sub-area 1, sub-area 2, sub-area 3, and sub-area 4 respectively;
  • a 21 and A that form an aperture subgroup 22 , A 23, and A 24 respectively correspond to sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3 and sub-region 4 of 1101' respectively, and
  • a 22 , A 23 , A 24 and A 25 forming an aperture sub-group correspond to 1102' respectively Sub-region 1, sub-region 2, sub-region 3, and sub-region 4 of.
  • An aperture may only correspond to one sub-area, for example, A 11 corresponds to sub-area 1 of 1101'.
  • An aperture may also correspond to different sub-regions of the virtual image projected by the optical waveguide projection units with different timing characteristics, for example, A 12 corresponds to sub-region 2 of 1101' and sub-region 1 of 1102'.
  • the diaphragm 70 is placed at the small-pitch aperture array 60 to block the transmitted light from the space area outside the aperture of each timing characteristic light guide projection unit.
  • the V value here is the number of clusters whose pore components are pore clusters.
  • the aperture of cluster 1 is opened.
  • a 11 corresponds to sub-region 1 of 1101' to load the view information relative to A 11
  • a 13 corresponds to sub-region 3 of 1101' and sub-region 2 of 1102' to load relative to aperture A.
  • the view information of 13 whose A 15 corresponds to the sub-region 4 of 1102' loads the view information relative to the aperture A 15 .
  • the determination of the view information of each sub-region relative to a certain aperture is similar to the principle design shown in Fig. 9, and the midpoint of the corresponding aperture is preferentially taken. The difference is that the edge points on the projection surface 1901 are the edge points of the sub-area instead of the edge points of the entire projected virtual image.
  • the determination of the view information of each sub-region relative to a certain aperture can also adopt another method: the time-series characteristic optical waveguide projection unit to which the sub-region belongs to project the virtual image region relative to the view of the aperture sub-group to which the aperture belongs on the sub-region. respectively.
  • the view point of the virtual image area projected by the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 501 with respect to the view of a certain aperture subgroup is the difference between the different subregions of the virtual image projected by the timing characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 501 and the line of the corresponding aperture in the aperture subgroup.
  • the optimal viewpoint is the center of each sub-region of the virtual image projected by the optical waveguide projection unit 501 with timing characteristics and the line connecting the center of the modified sub-region in the aperture subgroup to the corresponding aperture center. The intersection, as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20.
  • the timing characteristics of the optical waveguide projection unit 501 can adopt the structure of the basic optical waveguide projection unit 101 shown in Figures 1 and 2, or even other ones that can project the virtual image 1102′ to the projection surface 1901 at a limited distance through the exit pupil 1601 of the -z direction.
  • Other optical waveguide projection units but require the pixel array 1101 to achieve a higher frame rate to achieve flicker-free display.
  • the stacked optical waveguide projection units with timing characteristics optimally share the image projection device or/and the compensation unit.
  • the timing characteristics of the T apertures corresponding to the same sub-region of the optical waveguide projection unit can be exchanged in the T group aperture.
  • each time point in a period can also be changed, and the stacking order of G time-sequence characteristic optical waveguide projection units It can also be exchanged.
  • the optical waveguide projection unit is named as the polarization sequential optical waveguide projection unit 601, and G polarization sequential optical waveguide projection units are constructed in the same way to realize the polarization-time sequential optical waveguide projection unit stack structure 40 that can be presented in a small-pitch viewpoint view.
  • the polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit 601 adopts the optical structure of the above-mentioned polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit. The difference is that the same optical waveguide projection unit in the polarization timing optical waveguide projection unit 601 projects different sub-regions of the virtual image to load timing information at different time points.
  • a specific example is shown in Fig. 21.
  • the 4 regions of the pixel array 1101 in the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 301 are divided into two time points and loaded with information in sequence to construct a polarization sequential optical waveguide projection unit 601.
  • a 1 , A 3 , A 5 and A 7 are an aperture group
  • a 2 , A 4 , A 6 and A 8 are an aperture group.
  • the mixed apertures composed of A 1 and A 3 form a single cluster, which is opened at time t, corresponding to area 1 and area 2 on 1101'
  • the determination of the information adopts the viewpoint determination method adopted by the optical field display system 20 with the aforementioned polarization characteristic optical waveguide coupling-out pupil division-combination control.
  • a 5 and A 7 are a cluster, which is opened at time t+ ⁇ t/2, and the corresponding area 3 and area 4 on 1101' correspond to loading information.
  • a 2 and A 4 are a cluster, which are opened at time t+ ⁇ t/4, and the corresponding area 1 and area 2 on 1101' correspond to loading information
  • a 6 and A 8 are a cluster, and at time t+3 ⁇ t /4 is turned on, and the corresponding area 3 and area 4 on 1101' correspond to the loading information, and the two viewpoints that reduce noise are realized based on visual retention.
  • more apertures more time points in a cycle can better reduce the above-mentioned noise.
  • each sub-region of the complex structure polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 401 comes from the same conventional optical waveguide
  • the greater spacing of the sub-regions of the projection unit can also reduce the aforementioned noise. Even when a conventional optical waveguide projection unit only contributes one sub-area to the complex structure polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 401, the above-mentioned noise is completely suppressed.
  • the image displayed on the projection surface is a virtual image of the pixel array transmitted through the optical waveguide.
  • the display image is generated by other means, such as the image displayed on a real screen, or the image projection surface generated by the reflection of the external projected image on the reflective screen, or the image generated by the diffraction of the external projected image by the diffraction screen, or the traditional head-mounted VR/AR
  • the virtual image produced by the imaging lens of the small and medium display (pixel array) is equivalent to the virtual image produced by the optical waveguide transmission in this patent.
  • Figure 15 to Figure 17 discuss the polarization characteristics of the small-pitch aperture array and its related applications
  • Figure 19 to Figure 20 discuss the timing characteristics of the small-pitch aperture array and related applications
  • Figure 21 discusses the polarization timing of the small-pitch aperture array and The related applications are applicable to the images displayed on the display surface in this other way.
  • the above-mentioned small-pitch aperture array with polarization characteristics or/and timing characteristics can be used to perform three-dimensional light field display through regional control of the polarization state or timing of the projected image.
  • the virtual images projected by different light guide projection units in the display system are set to completely overlap.
  • the virtual images from different optical waveguide projection units are misaligned, including the misalignment in the depth (z-direction) caused by the use of different image projection devices 1701 for each optical waveguide projection unit, the x-direction misalignment caused by the optical structure itself occurs at this time, the above implementation process can be performed in the same step.
  • the core idea of this patent is to realize the split-combination control of the exit pupil of the coupling out of multiple light guide projection units to realize the projection of the small-distance viewpoint view to the observer.
  • Various other optical waveguide projection structures such as PCT/2013/045267, which realizes the optical waveguide projection unit for displaying different projection images on the display surface of different depths, and the design of other optical coupling devices and other various relay devices.
  • Waveguide projection unit a light guide projection unit that integrates other pupil-expanded optical components, or a light guide projection unit that splits the image when coupled in and is the optical component for image restoration when coupled out, as long as the light can be output through the coupling
  • the optical waveguide components that propagate the information projected on the finite distance view by the pupil can be used as the conventional optical waveguide projection unit 101, or the polarization characteristic optical waveguide projection unit 301, or the timing optical waveguide projection unit 501, combined with the small pitch aperture described in this patent.
  • the array performs light field display based on "out-pupil split-combination control". Moreover, the system described in this patent can be further extended.
  • the light field display performed by "coupling light exit pupil split-combined control" can increase the depth of field of the displayed light field scene.
  • the system of this patent uses the polarization characteristics and timing characteristics commonly used in optics to build the system, and they are all in an orthogonal state.
  • the polarization characteristic may be two sets of vertical linear polarization, which is also the polarization characteristic used in the above embodiment, and it may also be left-handed and right-handed polarization.

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Abstract

一种基于光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，以至少一个向有限远投影面（1901，1902）投射图像（1101'，1102'）的光波导投影单元(301，302)为显示单元，通过至少一个光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳(1601，1602)的区域分割-组合控制，结合偏光特性或/和时序特性，向观察者各目分别投射视点间距小于观察者瞳孔直径的视图，利用来自大于一个视图的光束的空间叠加，形成单目可自然聚焦的空间光点分布，实现三维光场显示。借助于光波导，显示系统具有轻薄结构，可以应用于各种屏幕及便携式显示终端，比如头戴式VR、AR、手机、iPad。

Description

基于光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统 技术领域
本发明涉及三维显示，更具体涉及一种基于光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统。
背景技术
光波导因其结构体积的轻薄优势，是目前三维显示领域常用的光学结构。尤其在增强现实(AR)领域，基于光波导结构的轻薄三维眼镜，正受到越来越广泛的应用。但现有光波导三维显示系统，还主要是基于体视技术，仅通过向观察者双目分别仅投射一个视图，利用双目视向在空间的会聚，来实现三维深度的呈现。但为了清晰地看到双目各自对应的视图，观察者需要将他/她的眼睛聚焦于显示面。由此产生的聚焦-会聚冲突，和人眼观察真实三维空间景物时的自然生理反应不一致。在自然观察真实物体的时候，人眼接收来自于真实物点的圆锥状光束，该圆锥状光束在使观察者双目视向会聚于该物点的同时，也使观察者眼睛自然聚焦于该物点。这种悖逆人体自然生理要求的聚焦-会聚冲突，正是三维观影时视觉疲劳产生的根本原因。
PCT15/481,467(THREE-DIMENTIONAL DISPLAY SYSTEM BASED ON DIVISION MULTIPLEXING OF THE VIEWER'S ENTRANCE-PUPIL AND DISPLAY METHOD THEREOF)公开了一种克服聚焦-会聚冲突的光场显示技术，通过向观察者瞳孔不同区域投射不同视图，利用单目接收两个或两个以上视图出射光线的空间叠加，形成该单目可自然聚焦的真实空间光点，用以克服聚焦-会聚冲突。但上述专利中所述显示系统，或者需要外部传统大尺寸平面显示屏，或者通过传统光学放大结构拉近到观察者近眼区域，都不具备经轻薄结构。
发明内容
为了在轻薄结构中实现克服聚焦-汇聚冲突的光场三维显示，本发明提供如下方案。
基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，包括：
常规光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个常规光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各常规光波导投影单元向+z向投射虚像，并仅通过其耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投 射虚像光信息,其中G≧1；
小间距孔径阵列，由T组可时序开关的孔径组成，各孔径组分别包括依次间隔T-1个孔径的G个孔径，沿-z向，置于各耦出光出瞳前，其G×T个孔径中，相邻孔径间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p，T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
其中，在所述常规光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，相邻常规光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳，沿x方向，依次错位T个孔径无重叠地排列，各常规光波导投影单元分别对应来自不同孔径组的、相邻排列的T个孔径，该常规光波导投影单元经耦出光出瞳出射光线，覆盖其对应的T个孔径，同时和其它常规光波导投影单元对应孔径无交集；
控制单元，在各T个相邻时间点控制T个孔径组依次仅一组打开，并控制各常规光波导投影单元同步投射待显示场景关于该常规光波导投影单元对应打开孔径的视图；
光阑，置于所述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各常规光波导投影单元出射光中于该常规光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
进一步地，在小间距孔径阵列沿x向等间距Δd排列时，相邻常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×Δd。
进一步地，当各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像于投影面上毗邻连接时，在仅一个孔径组打开的一个时间点，各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像加载信息为一个视图的不同部分，该视图的视点为过各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像和其对应打开孔径的直线的交点。
进一步地，同一常规光波导投影单元对应的T个孔径，其所属分组是可调换的，T个孔径组打开的时序是可调换的，G个常规光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
进一步地，所述常规光波导投影单元包括：像素阵列，同步地加载该常规光波导投影单元所需光信息并出射光束；光波导，由基体和全反射面组成，通过全反射传输入射光束；光耦入器件，将入射光耦入光波导；中继器件，置于像素阵列和光耦入器件之间，相位调制像素阵列各像素出射光束，并将调制后光束牵引入光耦入器件；耦出光出瞳，光波导传输光的出射孔径；光耦出器件，调制引导 光波导全反射传播过来的光转向至耦出光出瞳；像面投射器件，将光耦出器件引导来的、来自于像素阵列不同像素的光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚于投影面上各对应等效像素，形成像素阵列在投影面上的虚像，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，等效于该虚像等效出射光束；补偿单元，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除上述其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响。
进一步地，堆叠的各常规光波导投影单元，共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
进一步地，所述像素阵列为OLED微显示器、LED微显示器、LCOS微显示器，或反射外部投射信息的反射面，所述光波导为平面光波导，所述光耦入器件是通过微加工工艺刻蚀于光波导表面的微结构光栅，或曝光于光波导内的全息光栅，或镀膜于光波导表面的反射镜，或附着于光波导表面的衍射光栅，所述中继器件为准直透镜，或成像透镜，或/和光束偏转器，所述光耦出器件为刻蚀于光波导表面的浮雕光学元件，或者加工于光波导基体中的反射面阵列，或者曝光于光波导基体的全息光栅，所述像面投射器件为凹透镜，或曝光于光波导出瞳面上的全息光栅，所述补偿单元为相位膜，或浮雕元件，该补偿单元附着光波导表面，或者刻蚀于光波导表面，或者曝光于光波导表面。
进一步地，所述常规光波导投影单元为由三个单色常规光波导投影单元堆栈而成的频分复用常规光波导投影单元，该三个单色常规光波导投影单元投射光信息波长不同，它们耦出光出瞳重叠，共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元，所投射不同波长的重合虚像混光合成为彩色虚像。
本申请还提供以下另一种方案。
基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个偏光特性光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各偏光特性光波导投影单元向+z向投射虚像，并仅通过其耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息，其中G≧1；
在该偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，各偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向由S个子区域组成，同一偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像于相邻子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向相同序号子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交,其中S≧1；
小间距孔径阵列，由T×(S+G-1)个沿x向相邻间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的孔径组成，沿-z向置于各耦出光出瞳前，其间隔T-1个孔径的S+G-1个孔径分别成组，成组的T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，各孔径组中相邻孔径打开时允许通过光的偏光态相互正交，且各孔径组中各相邻的S个孔径分别二次成组，构建组成G个孔径子组，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
在所述偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，沿x方向，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳依次错位T个孔径排列，该耦出光出瞳依次错位的G个偏光特性光波导投影单元和各孔径组中同向依次错位的G个孔径子组依次对应，其中各孔径子组的S个孔径同向依次一一对应于对应偏光特性光波导投影单元的S个子区域，且各孔径打开时允许出射光偏光方向一致于对应子区域等效出射光的偏光方向；
控制单元，在各T个相邻时间点控制T个孔径组依次仅一组打开，并控制各偏光特性光波导投影单元同步投射待显示场景关于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应打开孔径子组的视图；
其中偏光特性光波导投影单元投射待显示场景关于对应打开孔径子组的视图，其视点为分别过该偏光特性光波导投影单元各子区域和该子区域于该打开孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点；
光阑，附着于所述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各偏光特性光波导投影单元出射光中于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
进一步地，各偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像的子区域重叠，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像在同一重叠子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交。
进一步地，所述子区域等间距排列，且孔径等间距Δd排列，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各偏光特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×S×Δd；
进一步地，其中偏光特性光波导投影单元投射待显示场景关于对应打开孔径子组的视图，其视点为该偏光特性光波导投影单元各子区域中心和该子区域于该打开孔径子组中对应孔径中心的连线的交点。
进一步地，偏光特性光波导投影单元同一子区域在T组孔径中对应的T个孔径，其在T组孔径的归属是可调换的。
进一步地，一个周期内的各时间点状态是可调换的，G个偏光特性光波导投 影单元堆叠次序是调换的。
进一步地，所述偏光特性光波导投影单元包括如下组员：像素阵列，由S个区域组成，其各区域出射光偏光态一致于该偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像上对应子区域等效出射光偏光态；光波导，由基体和全反射面组成，通过保持入射光偏光态不变的全反射传输入射光束；光耦入器件，将入射光偏光态不变地耦入光波导；中继器件，置于像素阵列和光耦入器件之间，保持偏光态不变地相位调制像素阵列各像素出射光束，并将调制后光束牵引入光耦入器件；耦出光出瞳，光波导传输光出射孔径；光耦出器件，调制引导光波导全反射传播过来的光束偏光态不变地转向至耦出光出瞳；像面投射器件，将光耦出器件引导来的、来自于像素阵列不同像素的光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚于投影面上各对应等效像素，形成像素阵列在投影面上的虚像，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，等效于该虚像等效出射光束；补偿单元，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除上述其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响。
进一步地，堆叠的偏光特性光波导投影单元共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
进一步地，所述偏光特性光波导投影单元为M+N个常规光波导投影单元堆栈而成的复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元，其各常规光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳为一个或多于一个间隔分布的出瞳孔，其中M个常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳孔组合成一个出瞳孔阵列，其各出瞳孔分别附置一个尺寸不小于该出瞳孔尺寸的对应偏光膜，该出瞳孔阵列所对应偏光膜数量、位置和偏光方向一致于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应孔径中一种偏光性质孔径的数量、位置和偏光方向，另外N个常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳组合成另外一个出瞳孔阵列，其各出瞳孔分别附置一个尺寸不小于该出瞳孔尺寸的对应偏光膜，该出瞳孔阵列所对应偏光膜数量、位置和偏光方向一致于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应孔径中另一种偏光性质孔径的数量、位置和偏光方向，M≧1，N≧1。
进一步地，在复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元中，M+N个堆叠的常规光波导投影单元共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
本申请还提供以下另一种方案。
基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个时序特性光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各时序特性波导投影单元向+z向投射沿x向分为S个子区域的虚像，并仅通过时序特性波导投影单元耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息，其中G≧1，S≧2；
小间距孔径阵列，由T×(S+G-1)个沿x向相邻间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的孔径组成，沿-z向置于各耦出光出瞳前，间隔T-1个孔径的S+G-1个孔径分别成组，成组的T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，各孔径组中，各相邻的S个孔径分别二次成组为一个孔径子组，组成T×G个孔径子组，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
其中，在所述时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，沿x方向，相邻时序特性光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳依次错位T个孔径排列，该耦出光出瞳依次错位的G个时序特性光波导投影单元分别和各孔径组中同向依次错位的G个孔径子组依次对应，各孔径子组的S个孔径同向依次一一对应于对应时序特性光波导投影单元的S个子区域；
控制单元，在一个时间点，仅打开仅一个孔径组中依次间隔V-1个孔径的孔径所组成的一个孔径簇，并控制所有孔径组的T×V个不同孔径簇在各时间周期Δt内相邻的T×V个时间点依次一次仅一簇地打开，其中2≦V≦S；
并，在一个孔径打开时，控制其在各时序特性光波导投影单元上对应子区域加载关于该孔径信息，非打开孔径对应子区域不加载信息；
其中，时序特性光波导投影单元子区域关于一个孔径的信息，为该时序特性光波导投影单元虚像区域关于该孔径所在孔径子组的视图在该子区域上的信息；
其中，时序特性光波导投影单元虚像区域关于一个孔径子组的视图，其视点为分别过该时序特性光波导投影单元各子区域和该子区域于该孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点；
光阑，附着于上述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各时序特性光波导投影单元出射光中于该时序特性光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
进一步地，在子区域等间距排列、孔径等间距Δd排列时，相邻时序特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各时序特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×S×Δd。
进一步地，时序特性光波导投影单元虚像区域关于一个孔径子组的视图，其 视点为该时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域中心和该子区域于该孔径子组中对应孔径中心的连线的交点。
进一步地，所述时序特性光波导投影单元包括如下组员：像素阵列，由S个区域组成，同步地加载该常规光波导投影单元所需投射信息并出射光束；光波导，由基体和全反射面组成，通过全反射传输入射光束；光耦入器件，将入射光耦入光波导；中继器件，置于像素阵列和光耦入器件之间，相位调制像素阵列各像素出射光束，并将调制后光束牵引入光耦入器件；耦出光出瞳，光波导传输光出射孔径；光耦出器件，调制引导光波导全反射传播过来的光束转向至耦出光出瞳；像面投射器件，将光耦出器件引导来的、来自于像素阵列不同像素的光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚于投影面上各对应等效像素，形成像素阵列在投影面上的虚像，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，等效于该虚像等效出射光束；补偿单元，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除上述其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响。
进一步地，堆叠的各时序特性光波导投影单元共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
进一步地，各时间周期内的T×V个时间点状态是可调换的，G个时序特性光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
本申请还提供以下另一种方案。
基于偏光时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个偏光时序光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各偏光时序光波导投影单元向+z向投射虚像，并仅通过其耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息，其中G≧1；
该偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构的特点在于其各偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向由S个子区域组成，同一偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像于相邻子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向相同序号子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，其中S≧1；
小间距孔径阵列，由T×(S+G-1)个沿x向相邻间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的孔径组成，沿-z向置于各耦出光出瞳前，其间隔T-1个孔径的S+G-1个孔径分别成组，成组的T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，各孔径组中相邻孔径打开时允许通过光的偏光态相互正交，且各孔径组中各相邻的S个孔径分别 二次成组构建组成G个孔径子组，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
且，各孔径组中，沿x向从第一个孔径开始，偏光态互不相同的最多个相邻孔径组成为第一个混合孔径，然后在该孔径组中，从该第一个混合孔径后的第一个孔径开始，相同方法定义第二个混合孔径，如此重复，确定该孔径组中所有的混合孔径；
在所述偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳，沿x方向，依次错位T个孔径排列，耦出光出瞳依次错位的G个偏光时序光波导投影单元和各孔径组中同向依次错位的G个孔径子组依次对应，各孔径子组的S个孔径同向依次一一对应于对应偏光时序光波导投影单元的S个子区域，且各孔径打开时允许出射光偏光方向一致于对应子区域等效出射光的偏光方向；
控制单元，在一个时间点，仅打开仅一个孔径组中依次间隔V-1个混合孔径的混合孔径所组成的一个孔径簇，并控制所有孔径组的T×V个不同孔径簇在各时间周期Δt内相邻的T×V个时间点依次打开，且在一个时间点仅打开一个孔径簇，2≦V≦[(S+1)/2],[]为取整符号；
并，在一个孔径打开时，控制其对应各子区域加载信息；
其中，一个孔径对应子区域加载信息，是该子区域所对应偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于该孔径所属对应于该偏光时序光波导投影单元的孔径子组的视图在该子区域上的信息；
其中，偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于对应孔径子组的视图，其视点为分别过该偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域和该子区域于该孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点；
光阑，附着于所述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各偏光时序光波导投影单元出射光中于该偏光时序光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
进一步地，各偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像的子区域重叠，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像在同一重叠子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交。
进一步地，所述子区域等间距排列，且孔径等间距Δd排列时，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各偏光时序光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×S×Δd。
进一步地，偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于对应孔径子组的视图， 其视点为该时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域中心和该子区域于该孔径子组中对应孔径中心的连线的交点。
进一步地，其特征在于，所述偏光时序光波导投影单元和所述偏光特性光波导投影单元采用相同光学结构。
进一步地，各时间周期内的T×V个时间点状态是可调换的，G个偏光时序光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
本专利在PCT15/481,467所公开的通过“向观察者瞳孔不同区域投射不同视图”实现单目多视图光场呈现的显示方法基础上，以光波导及其它光学组件组成光波导投影单元作为图像传输显示手段，公开一种基于光波导堆栈结构的轻薄三维显示系统，通过至少一个光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳的区域分割-组合控制，结合偏光特性或/和时序特性，实现观察者双眼各单目多视图呈现的三维光场显示。相较于PCT15/481,467所述结构较为厚重的三维光场显示系统，本申请文件所述显示系统采用光波导结构，极具轻薄特性，可以应用于各种屏幕及便携式显示终端，比如头戴式VR、AR、手机、iPad等。更重要之处在于，本专利中多个光波导的堆栈等效于提供多个显示器件(像素阵列)，相较于PCT15/481,467所述系统中单目仅对应一个显示器件的情况，大大提高了显示系统的带宽，更易于高质量单目多视图的实现。另一方面，现有光波导堆栈AR系统中堆栈光波导各耦出光出瞳都是完全重合设计的，比如通过向空间不同深度投射多个显示面来抑制聚焦汇聚冲突的PCT/2013/045267(Multiple depth plane three-dimentional display using a wave guide reflector array projector)。本专利光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳的区域分割-组合控制，是通过堆栈的各光波导的出瞳尺寸和出瞳错位量的设计排列，或/和堆栈的各光波导耦出光出瞳通过外部引入孔径阵列进行的区域分割复用而实现的。所以，本专利所述系统组件和各堆栈光波导的结构设计，不同于现有光波堆栈AR系统的组成器件和各堆栈光波导的结构设计。且本专利中所引入像素阵列(显示器件)的偏光特性和时序特性，也于现有专利中未见相关论述。
本发明的具有的以下技术效果：本发明的一种基于光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，通过至少一个光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳的区域分割-组合控制，结合偏光特性或/和时序特性，实现观察者单目多视图的三维光场显示。在克服传统体视三维技术固有聚焦-会聚冲突的基础上，极具轻薄特性，可 以应用于各种屏幕及便携式显示终端，如头戴式VR、AR、手机、iPad。
本发明实施例的细节在附图或以下描述中进行体现。本发明的其它特性、目的和优点通过下述描述、附图而变得更为明显。
附图说明
附图用于帮助更好地理解本发明，也是本说明书的一部分。这些对实施例进行图解的附图和描述一起用以阐述本发明的原理。
图1常规光波导投影单元结构范例。
图2另一种常规光波导投影单元结构范例。
图3耦出光出瞳重叠的光波导投影单元堆栈结构。
图4耦出光出瞳部分重叠-光波导错位型光波导投影单元堆栈结构。
图5耦出光出瞳部分重叠-光波导对齐型光波导投影单元堆栈结构。
图6耦出光出瞳非重叠-光波导错位型光波导投影单元堆栈结构。
图7常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统光学结构。
图8常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统t时刻视图加载。
图9关于孔径的视图对应视点分布区域示意图。
图10常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统t+Δt/2时刻视图加载。
图11观察者瞳孔与小间距孔径阵列间距对显示系统光学参数的影响。
图12T＝1的常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统。
图13S＝1的常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统。
图14频分复用常规光波导投影单元。
图15偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统光学结构。
图16偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统t时刻视图加载。
图17偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统t+Δt/2时刻视图加载。
图18复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元。
图19时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统在一个时间点工作状态。
图20时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统在另一个时间点工作状态。
图21偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统。
具体实施方式
本发明所述显示系统，以光波导投影单元堆栈结构作为光信息传输、投影结构，通过各光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳的分割-组合控制，结合偏光特性或/和时序特性，由各光波导投影单元通过不同耦出光出瞳，或不同耦出光出瞳的不同区域，向观察者各目分别投射视点间距小于观察者瞳孔直径的对应视图。利用各目所接收不同视图出射光线的空间叠加，基于堆栈的膜状光波导搭建轻薄光学结构的光场三维显示系统。相较于PCT15/481,467所公开的单目多视图光场显示系统，本专利以膜状光波导及其它光学组件组成的光波导投影单元作为图像传输显示手段，由于采用了光波导结构，而极具轻薄特性。更重要之处在于，本专利中多个光波导的堆栈等效于提供多个显示器件(像素阵列)，相较于PCT15/481,467所述系统中单目仅对应一个显示器件的情况，大大提高了显示系统的带宽，更易于高质量单目多视图的实现。另一方面，现有光波导堆栈AR系统中堆栈光波导各耦出光出瞳都是完全重合设计的，比如通过向空间不同深度投射多个显示面来抑制聚焦汇聚冲突的PCT/2013/045267。本专利光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳的区域分割-组合控制，是通过堆栈各光波导投影单元的出瞳尺寸和出瞳错位量的设计排列，或/和堆栈各光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳通过外部引入孔径阵列进行的区域分割复用而实现的。对比看来，本专利所述系统组件和各堆栈光波导的结构设计，完全不同于现有光波导堆栈AR系统的组件和各堆栈光波导的结构设计。且本专利中所引入像素阵列(显示器件)的偏光特性和时序特性，也于现有专利中未见相关论述。
图1所示为光学显示领域常用的光波导投影单元，也即常规光波导投影单元101。
其主要包括像素阵列1101、光波导1301、中继器件1201a、光耦入器件1201b、光耦出器件1501、像面投射器件1701、补偿单元1801。其中，像素阵列1101由像素构成，同步地加载光信息并出射光束。光波导1301，二维光波导，由基体和全反射面1401a和1401b组成，通过全反射传输入射光束。光耦入器件1201b，可以是通过微加工工艺刻蚀于光波导表面的微结构光栅，或曝光于光波导内的全息光栅，或镀膜于光波导表面的反射镜，或附着于光波导表面的衍射光栅，将入射光耦入光波导1301。中继器件1201a置于像素阵列1101和光耦入器件1201b之间，可以是准直透镜，准直像素阵列1101各像素出射光束，并将准直后光束 牵引入光耦入器件1201b。中继器件1201a也可是反射式成像器件，将像素阵列1101成像至光耦入器件1201b，或者包括起转向作用的反射镜。光耦出器件1501为刻蚀于光波导表面的浮雕光学元件，或者通过微加工工艺刻蚀于光波导基体中的反射面阵列，或者曝光于光波导基体的全息光栅，调制引导光波导1301全反射传播过来的光转向至耦出光出瞳1601。本专利各图中，耦出光出瞳1601用虚线来表示，以区别于全反射面1401b。来自像素阵列1101不同像素的光束，被引导后沿-z向入射耦出光出瞳1601，然后经像面投射器件1701，沿+z成虚像于投影面1901，由此形成像素阵列1101在投影面1901上的虚像1101′。一种常见情况是，来自像素阵列1101不同像素的准直光束，保持准直光状态以各自对应角度沿-z向入射耦出光出瞳1601，然后经像面投射器件1701，沿+z反向延长会聚于投影面1901上各对应等效像素，由此形成像素阵列1101在投影面1901上的虚像1101′。根据物像关系，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，也可以等效地称之为从虚像1101′等效出射的光束。补偿单元1801，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除光波导投影单元其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响，用以实现显示场景和外部真实场景之间的叠加融合，常为增强现实AR所需要。在无需外部真实场景时，补偿单元1801可以用一个额外的遮光器件，比如挡光膜，代替。该常识性操作，图1中未示出，下文也不再累述。图1中，中继器件1201a具体化为准直透镜，将像素阵列1101各像素出射光转换为不同传播方向的平行光束。光耦入器件1201b具体化为曝光于光波导1301的全息光栅，将经中继器件1201a输入的不同传播方向的平行光束，耦入光波导1301，使耦入后各光束至少部分地在光波导1301内通过全反射向光耦出器件1501传播。耦出光器件1501具体化为曝光于膜片的全息光栅，该全息光栅附着于光波导1301表面。耦出光器件1501调制光波导1301基于全反射传播过来的光束，使其传播方向转折至-z向的耦出光出瞳1601。图1中，-z向和x向示意为垂直关系。实际上，二者也可以是非垂直关系，这时，沿x向传输过来的光束经耦出光器件1501调制沿非垂直于x的-z向传输。该情况易于理解，下述实施例示图中-z向和x向均示意为垂直关系，不再累述该非垂直情况。图1中像面投射器件1701具体化为一个凹透镜，将像素阵列1101各像素传输过来平行光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚到该像素在投影面1901上的对应虚像点。补偿单元1801具体化成一个浮雕器件。
图2所示为另一种常用光波导投影单元101，其不同于图1之处，主要在于其光耦入器件1201b为反射面，耦出光器件1501为置于光波导1301内的、沿x向排列分布的半透半反面阵列。为了图示的清晰简单，图2中仅标识了半透半反面1501a3和1501a7。另外，图2中的补偿单元1801也示例为附着于光波导的独立相位膜，像面投射器件1701为独立的全息相位光栅，起类似于凹透镜的成像功能。
图1和图2描述了两种常见的常规光波导投影单元101。实际上，具有如下功能的各种光波导及组件的组合，均可作为本申请文件中的常规光波导投影单元101：将像素阵列1101显示图形经过光波导1301传输，并借助其它光学器件沿+z向成虚像到投影面1901，并沿-z向仅经耦出光出瞳传输虚像等效出射光。这些光波导组件所投射虚像进一步的具有本专利下文所述偏光特性或/和时序特性时，也可以作为本申请文件中的偏光特性光波导投影单元301，或时序特性光波导投影单元501，或者偏光时序光波导投影单元601。
一个以上的光波导投影单元可以叠加成光波导投影单元堆栈结构。图3以3个常规光波导投影单元101、102和103叠加成常规光波导投影单元堆栈结构10为例进行说明。它们的耦出光出瞳1601、1602和1603沿x向重合排列。为了更清晰的图示，各常规光波导投影单元的部分组件未在图中示出。图3中，像面投射器件1701、1702和1703共用，补偿单元1801、1802和1803共用。光波导的全反射面，对光波导内传输的光进行全反射，但对沿-z向以一定偏离角传输的光，因其入射角不符合全反射要求而具有较高的透过率，这也是光波导在VR或AR中应用时的光效优点。经光波导耦出光出瞳沿-z向传输的出射光，可以透射该方向上其它光波导的“全反射面”。常规光波导投影单元堆栈结构10中，各光波导的耦出光出瞳也可也错位地部分重叠，如图4，其中反射面1401c、1402c和1403c可以将光波导内未耦出光束，通过二次反射再次引入耦出光器件1501，提高耦出效率。虽然需要时可以加入该反射面以提高耦合效率，但为了清晰，下图中将不再绘出该反射面。耦出光出瞳错位排列时，不同光波导投影单元的光波导，可以按图4所示光波导错位型排列，也可以如图5所示，光波导对齐型排列。在一个以上的光波导投影单元叠加成堆栈结构时，它们各自对应的像面投射器件和补偿单元最优地共用。如图3至图5，其像面投射器件1701、1702和1703共用，补偿单元1801、1802和1803共用。图6为光波导错位型排列情况下的耦出光出 瞳完全非重叠光波导投影单元堆栈结构。该情况下，像面投射器件1701、1702和1703也可以选择分别附着于或刻蚀于各自对应耦出光出瞳。实际上，沿-z向相邻光波导的错位很小，不同光波导投影单元的像面投射器件最优地采取共用方案。类似于图5，图6所示结构也可以采用光波导对齐型的结构。以下实施例中所用图例，有时采用光波导错位型结构，有时采用光波导对齐型结构，但两种结构可以通用，将不再累述。
图1至图6描述了常规光波导投影单元101的常见结构，及光波导投影单元进行叠加时它们的耦出光出瞳之间不同的空间位置关系。本专利所述显示系统，正是基于类似结构进行解释说明。如上所述，投射虚像并引导其光信息仅经对应耦出光出瞳进行传播的光波导及相关辅助光器件，均可在下述实施例中代替所述光波导投影单元，实现轻薄结构的光场三维显示。
常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统如图7，由G(≧1)个常规光波导投影单元堆叠构成。此处以G＝2个常规光波导投影单元101和102为例进行说明。其中各光波导投影单元的部分组件，易于根据图1和图2和本领域常识，理解其和所示出关键组件的空间关系而未示出。常规光波导投影单元101向+z向的投影面1901投射虚像1101′，并仅通过耦出光出瞳1601向-z向传播虚像1101′的光信息。同样，常规光波导投影单元102向+z向的投影面1902投射虚像1102′，并仅通过耦出光出瞳1602向-z向传播虚像1102′的光信息。图7中，投影面1901和1902，虚像1101′和虚像1102′设计为空间重叠。相邻孔径间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的小间距孔径阵列60，由T＝2个孔径组组成，沿-z向置于耦出光出瞳1601和1602前。其中孔径A 11和孔径A 12一组，孔径A 21和孔径A 22一组，同一孔径组内的相邻孔径间隔T-1＝1个孔径，T＝2组孔径交错排列。沿x方向，完全非重叠的耦出光出瞳1601和1602，错位T＝2个孔径，使耦出光出瞳1601出射光仅覆盖孔径A 11和A 21，耦出光出瞳1602出射光仅覆盖孔径A 12和A 22。也即是说，常规光波导投影单元101投射虚像1101′等效出射光仅能覆盖该常规光波导投影单元101对应的孔径A 11和A 21，和孔径A 12和A 22无交集；常规光波导投影单元102投射虚像1102′等效出射光仅能覆盖常规光波导投影单元102对应的孔径A 12和A 22，和孔径A 11和A 21无交集。光阑70置于小间距孔径阵列60处，挡除来自常规光波导投影单元101的、过其对应孔径A 11和A 21之外空间区域的透射光，挡除来自常规光波导投影单元102的、过其对应孔径A 12和A 22之外空 间区域的透射光。
控制单元80连接小间距孔径阵列60和与虚像1101′、1102′相对应的像素阵列1101、1102，如图7。在时间周期Δt内的T＝2个相邻时间点t和t+Δt/2，分别仅打开T＝2组孔径中的一组。图8所示为t时刻，孔径组A 11和A 12打开的状态。孔径A 11对应的常规光波导投影单元101投射虚像1101′，其光信息仅能通过孔径A 11传输，其内容为待显示场景关于A 11的视图；孔径A 12对应的常规光波导投影单元102投射虚像1102′，其光信息仅能通过孔径A 12传输，其内容待显示场景关于A 12的视图。待显示场景关于一个孔径的视图，可以根据PCT15/481,467所述方法，该视图的视点分布区域为投射虚像区域边点和孔径边点连线包围的区域，如图9中斜线覆盖区域。最优的，视点取为对应孔径的中点，如图8中的视点VP1和VP3。图10所示为t+Δt/2时刻，孔径组A 21和A 22打开的状态。孔径A 21对应的常规光波导投影单元101投射虚像1101′设置为待显示场景关于孔径A 21中点VP2的视图，孔径A 22对应的常规光波导投影单元102投射虚像1102′设置为待显示场景关于A 22中点VP4的视图。在不同的时间周期内，重复该过程。当该时间周期足够小时，基于视觉滞留，沿-z向，小间距孔径阵列1701处的观察者瞳孔，可以无闪烁地通过间距小于瞳孔直径的孔径，获得两个或两个以上不同视点的视图。不同于PCT15/481,467的另外一种视图信息确定方法，是当各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像在空间上不是重叠状态时，例如它们于投影面上互相毗邻连接，当一个孔径组打开，各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像加载信息为一个视图的不同部分，该视图的视点为过各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像和其对应打开孔径的直线的交点，比如各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像中心点和其对应打开孔径中心点的连线的交点。当过不同常规光波导投影单元投射虚像中心点和其对应打开孔径中心点的连线交于多个点时，这些点分布区域内的点均可取为上述视点。根据PCT15/481,467所述显示原理，经瞳孔接收的两个或两个以上视图，其出射光线空间叠加形成该瞳孔对应眼睛可以单目自然聚焦的目标场景光点分布。一个常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10对应观察者一只眼睛，两个同结构的常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10分别对应观察者两只眼睛，可以构建完成双目三维显示系统，比如头戴式虚拟现实VR，头戴式增强现实AR等。下述实施例仅就单目多视图呈现进行讨论，在单目结构很容易扩展到双目显示系统的情况下，不再具体讨论双目显示系统的情况。
图7所示基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统10实现上述功能时，T个孔径组中，同一常规光波导投影单元所对应T个孔径的分组可以调换，各孔径组打开的时序可以调换，G个常规光波导投影单元堆叠次序也可以调换。
实际上，考虑空间相容性，观察者眼睛和小间距孔径阵列60的距离L r一定是大于零的。如图11所示几何关系，Δd/Δd′＝D/(D+L r)。其中，Δd′为来自投影面1901上一个等效像素出射的、过相邻视点的光线在瞳孔处的空间距离，D为小间距孔径阵列60和投影面1901的间距。该等效像素即为投影单元一个像素在该投影单元虚像上对应像点，该一个像素出射光经出瞳向-z向传输的光，可以等效认为是该等效像素出射光。随L r增大，Δd′增大。该情况下，两个条件才能保证多于一个的视图进入观察者该眼睛。第一，Δd′小于瞳孔直径D p，而不仅是Δd小于瞳孔直径D p；第二，孔径的数量足够多，沿x方向，满足：距离最远两个孔径距离/投射虚像尺寸≧L r/(L r+D)。当Δd足够小，孔径数量足够多时，可以获得较大的L r值，此时，观察者眼睛不置于L r处，而是置于距离小间距孔径阵列60更近处时，一个常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10即有可能提供覆盖观察者双目的视区，使观察者各目在该视区内均能接收多于一个的视图信息。该情况下，所述常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10可以进一步适用于手机等便携式终端，及电脑屏和各种其它的显示屏幕装置。Δd足够小和孔径数量足够多，同时保证合理的显示频率，会要求常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10组合较大数量，和/或高显示帧频的光波导投影单元。本段落关于L r大小的设计要求，也适用于下述基于其它类型光波投影单元的显示系统，下文不再复述。
上述各图中，所示孔径都是毗邻无缝排列的，即孔径通光宽度等于孔径间距。实际上，在满足各组件功能实现的前提下，孔径通光宽度也可以大于或小于孔径间距。其中孔径通光宽度大于孔径间距的实现，可以通过比如可控液晶孔径阵列类的器件。
T和G分别取1时，常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10的光学结构分别如图12和图13所示。但保证一个瞳孔至少两个视图的呈现，需要T×G≧2，故T和G不能同时取1。
常规光波导投影单元也可以是分别仅投影单色虚像的光波导投影单元叠加 组成，如图14所示频分复用常规光波导投影单元201。该频分复用常规光波导投影单元201由三个单色(比如，常用的R、G、B)光波导投影单元101、102和103堆栈而成。该三个单色常规光波导投影单元101、102和103投射虚像等效出射光分别为红光、绿光和蓝光，合成产生彩色虚像效果，它们耦出光出瞳重叠，共用像面投射器件。
另外一种实现单目多视图光场显示的偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统如图15，由G(≧1)个偏光特性光波导投影单元堆叠构成。此处以G＝2个偏光特性光波导投影单元301和302为例进行说明。偏光特性光波导投影单元301向+z向的投影面1901投射虚像1101′，并仅通过耦出光出瞳1601向-z向传播虚像1101′的光信息。同样，常规光波导投影单元302向+z向的投影面1902投射虚像1102′，并仅通过耦出光出瞳1602向-z向传播虚像1102′的光信息。图15中，投影面1901和1902，虚像1101′和虚像1102′设计为空间重叠，各偏光特性光波导投影单元共用像投射器件1701和补偿单元1801。为了更清楚简单地图示，图15未示出像投射器件1701和补偿单元1801。虚像1101′沿x向由S(≧1)＝4个子区域构成，分别是子区域1(301)、子区域2(301)、子区域3(301)和区域4(301)。虚像1102′沿x向由同样4个子区域构成，分别是子区域1(302)、子区域2(302)、子区域3(302)和区域4(302)。它们完全重合时，直接用区域1、子区域2、子区域3和区域4表示。各子区域上等效出射光信息的偏光特性要求如下：同一偏光特性光波导投影单元所投射虚像于其相邻子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向相同序号子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交。在各偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像重合情况下，后一要求即为相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元所投射虚像在同一子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交。如图15中，沿x向四个子区域上，设置1101′的等效出射光偏光态分布为“-·-·”，1102′的等效出射光偏光态分布为“·-·-”。相邻孔径间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的小间距孔径阵列60，沿-z向置于耦出光出瞳1601和1602前，由T＝2个孔径组组成。其中孔径A 11、A 12、A 13、A 14和A 15组成一个孔径组，孔径A 21、A 22、A 23、A 24和A 25组成另一个孔径组。2个孔径组的孔径交错排列，同一孔径组内的相邻孔径间隔T-1＝1个孔径。该2个孔径组的各孔径，沿x向，允许透射光偏光方向均依次设计为“-·-·-”。沿x方向，部分重叠的耦出光出瞳1601和1602，错位T＝2个孔径。第一个孔径组中，组成 一个孔径子组的相邻孔径A 11、A 12、A 13和A 14依次分别对应1101′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4；组成另一个孔径子组的相邻A 12、A 13、A 14和A 15依次分别对应1102′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4；第二个孔径组中，组成一个孔径子组的相邻A 21、A 22、A 23和A 24依次分别对应1101′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4，组成另一个孔径子组的相邻A 22、A 23、A 24和A 25依次分别对应1102′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4。每一个孔径，和其对应子区域具有相同的偏光特性。一个孔径，可能仅对应一个子区域，比如孔径A 11仅对应1101′的子区域1，也可能对应来自不同偏光特性光波导投影单元所投射虚像的不同子区域，比如孔径A 12对应1101′的子区域2和1102′的子区域1。光阑70置于小间距孔径阵列60处，挡除来自各偏光特性光波导投影单元的、过孔径之外空间区域的透射光。
控制单元80连接小间距孔径阵列60，和与虚像1101′、1102′相对应的像素阵列1101、1102。为了图示清晰简单，控制单元80、像素阵列1101和1102均未在图中示出。在时间周期Δt内的T＝2个相邻时间点t和t+Δt/2，控制单元80分别仅打开一个孔径组。图16所示为t时刻，仅孔径组A 11、A 12、A 13、A 14和A 15打开。虚像1101′子区域1向孔径A 11投射关于该孔径的视图，同样，虚像1101′子区域2、3、4分别向孔径A 12、A 13、A 14投射关于该孔径的视图，虚像1102′子区域1、2、3、4分别向孔径A 12、A 13、A 14、A 15投射关于该孔径的视图。一个子区域关于一个孔径的视图，是指待显示场景关于该孔径的视图在该子区域上的分布信息。该视图的视点区域，同理于图9所示原理设计，并最优地选择对应孔径的中点。不同点在于，投影面1901上的边点，取子区域的边点，而不再是整个投射虚像的边点。视图加载还可以采用另外一种加载方式：各偏光特性光波导投影单元同步投射待显示场景关于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应打开孔径子组的视图。其中一个偏光特性光波导投影单元所投射的场景关于对应打开孔径子组的视图的视点，为分别过该偏光特性光波导投影单元所投射虚像不同子区域和该子区域在该孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点。在子区域和孔径阵列等间距排列的情况下，该视点最优的为该偏光特性光波导投影单元所投射虚像各子区域中心和对应孔径子组中各孔径中心连线的交点，如图16中的视点VP1和VP3。t+Δt/2时刻，关闭孔径组A 11、A 12、A 13、A 14和A 15，打开孔径组A 21、A 22、A 23、A 24和A 25。同理加载对应视图，形成视点VP2和VP4，如图17。在不同的时间 周期内，重复该过程。当该时间周期足够小时，基于视觉滞留，生成G×T＝4个视点。由于S个子区域的引入，相对于图8所述常规光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统10，偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统20各视点覆盖的视区被有效提高，或者视点和小间距孔径阵列60的距离得到增大。
图15所示偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统20实现上述功能时，偏光特性光波导投影单元同一子区域所对应的T个孔径，其在T组孔径的归属可以调换。进一步地，在各偏光特性光波导投影单元的各子区域和各孔径的一一对应关系确定之后，一个周期内的各时间点的工作次序也可以调换，G个偏光特性光波导投影单元堆叠次序也可以调换。
偏光特性光波导投影单元301可以采用图1和图2所示基础光波导投影单元101的结构，甚至其它可通过其耦出光出瞳1601向-z向有限距离处投影面1901投射虚像1101′的其它光波导投影单元，但要求出射光的像素阵列1101也要根据物像对应关系分为S个区域，各区域出射光偏光特性一致于投影面1901上对应子视区等效出射光的偏光方向。同时，光传输过程和光发生相互作用的光器件具有保偏特性。如不改变入射光偏光方向的全反射面1401a和1401b，出射光偏光状态和入射光偏光状态一致的光耦出器件1501等。
通过其它方式得到实现投射虚像不同区域等效出射光具有不同偏光态的光波导及相关器件的组合也可以作为上述偏光特性光波导投影单元的。例如，如图18所示的复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401。该复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401由M+N＝1+1＝2个常规光波导投影单元101和102堆栈而成。常规光波导投影单元101耦出光出瞳为2个间隔分布的出瞳孔，各出瞳孔附置和对应出瞳孔尺寸一致的偏光片90a和90b，允许通过偏光态为“·”；常规光波导投影单元102耦出光出瞳为2个间隔分布的出瞳孔，各出瞳孔附置和对应出瞳孔尺寸一致的偏光片90c和90d，允许通过偏光态为“-”。它们沿x向按90c、90a、90d、90b的顺序设计。其中，90c对应1102′的子区域1，90a对应1101′的子区域2，90d对应1102′的子区域3，90b对应1101′的子区域4。1102′的子区域1、1101′的子区域2、1102′的子区域3和1101′的子区域4分别作为该复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4，其等效出射光的偏光态沿x向依次为“-·-·”。常规光波导投影单元的其它子区域，包括1101′的子区域1、1102′的子区域2、1101′的子区域3和1102′的子区域4，其在像素阵列上 的对应像素不再加载信息，或者直接不存在。图中“×”代表该子区域不加载视图信息，或者其在像素阵列1101上对应像素不存在。复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401中，堆叠的常规光波导投影单元，最优地共用一个像面投射器件1701和一个补偿单元1801。图18中，各出瞳孔对应的偏光片，是附置于该出瞳孔上的。实际上，各出瞳孔对应的偏光片，也可以沿光束传播方向，附置于最前面的光波导表面上，即图18中所示光波导表面1401b。甚至，各出瞳孔对应的偏光片，可以用小间距孔径阵列60各孔径的起偏片进行代替。只是当采用T个孔径组时，此处复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元的各出瞳孔需要分配给孔径阵列60的相邻T个孔径。
时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈-时分复用显示系统30如图19，由G(≧1)个时序特性光波导投影单元堆叠构成。此处以G＝2个时序特性光波导投影单元501和502为例进行说明。时序特性光波导投影单元501向+z向的投影面1901投射虚像1101′，并仅通过耦出光出瞳1601向-z向传播虚像1101′的光信息。同样，时序光波导投影单元502向+z向的投影面1902投射虚像1102′，并仅通过耦出光出瞳1602向-z向传播虚像1102′的光信息。图19中，投影面1901和1902，虚像1101′和虚像1102′设计为空间重叠。各时序特性光波导投影单元共用像投射器件1701和补偿单元1801。为了更清楚简单地图示，图19未示出像投射器件1701和补偿单元1801。虚像1101′和1102′沿x向由S＝4个子区域，子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和区域4，构成。相邻孔径间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的小间距孔径阵列60，置于耦出光出瞳1601和1602前，由T＝2组孔径组成。G＝2个相邻时序特性光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳，沿x方向，依次错位T＝2个孔径排列。孔径A 11、A 12、A 13、A 14和A 15组成一个孔径组，孔径A 21、A 22、A 23、A 24和A 25组成另一个孔径组。在全部孔径的排列中，同一孔径组内的相邻孔径间隔T-1＝1个孔径，T＝2个孔径组的孔径交错排列。第一个孔径组中，组成一个孔径子组的A 11、A 12、A 13和A 14依次分别对应1101′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4，组成一个孔径子组的A 12、A 13、A 14和A 15依次分别对应1102′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4；第二个孔径组中，组成一个孔径子组的A 21、A 22、A 23和A 24依次分别对应1101′的子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4，组成一个孔径子组的A 22、A 23、A 24和A 25依次分别对应1102′的子 区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4。一个孔径，可能仅对应一个子区域，比如A 11对应1101′的子区域1。一个孔径，也可能对应来自不同时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像的不同子区域，比如A 12对应1101′的子区域2和1102′的子区域1。光阑70置于小间距孔径阵列60处，挡除来自各时序特性光波导投影单元的、过孔径之外空间区域的透射光。各个孔径组中，依次间隔V-1＝1个孔径的孔径组成一个孔径簇。该处V值为各孔径组分为孔径簇的簇数。则共T×V＝4个孔径簇，其中A 11、A 13、A 15组成簇1，A 21、A 23、A 25组成簇2，A 12、A 14组成簇3，A 22、A 24组成簇4。在T×V＝4个时间点，依次仅打开一簇孔径，并控制仅打开孔径对应的子区域加载对应视图。如图19，簇1孔径打开，其A 11对应1101′的子区域1加载相对于A 11的视图信息，A 13对应1101′的子区域3和1102′的子区域2分别加载相对于孔径A 13的视图信息，其A 15对应1102′的子区域4加载相对于孔径A 15的视图信息。图20为簇3孔径打开时情况。图中的“×”代表该子区域不加载视图信息。则在T×V＝4个时间点依次仅打开一簇孔径并加载对应信息后，可实现T×V＝4个视点的呈现，如图20中的形成视点VP1、VP2、VP3、和VP4。
各子区域相对于某个孔径视图信息的确定，同理于图9所示原理设计，并优先地取对应孔径的中点。不同点在于，投影面1901上的边点，取子区域的边点，而不再是整个投射虚像的边点。各子区域相对于某个孔径视图信息的确定还可以采用另外一种方式：该子区域所属时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像区域相对于该孔径所属孔径子组的视图在该子区域上的信息分别。时序特性光波导投影单元501投射虚像区域关于某孔径子组视图的视点为分别过该时序特性光波导投影单元501所投射虚像不同子区域和该子区域在该孔径子组中对应孔径的线的交点。在子区域和孔径阵列等间距排列的情况下，该视点最优的为该时序特性光波导投影单元501所投射虚像各子区域中心和改子区域在该孔径子组中对应孔径中心连线的交点，如图19和图20。
时序特性光波导投影单元501可以采用图1和图2所示基础光波导投影单元101的结构，甚至其它可通过其耦出光出瞳1601向-z向有限距离处投影面1901投射虚像1102′的其它光波导投影单元，但要求像素阵列1101要达到较高的帧频，才能实现无闪烁显示。另外，堆叠的各时序特性光波导投影单元，最优地共用像 面投射器件或/和补偿单元。时序特性光波导投影单元同一子区域所对应的T个孔径，其在T组孔径的归属可以调换。进一步地，在各时序特性光波导投影单元的各子区域和各孔径的一一对应关系确定之后，一个周期内的各时间点的工作次序也可以调换，G个时序特性光波导投影单元堆叠次序也可以调换。
图15至图17中，偏光特性光波导投影单元301对应的子区域中，存在偏光状态相同的子区域。在一个时间点打开其对应孔径子组时，一个子区域等效出射光会作为噪声通过其它同偏光态子区域对应打开孔径。尤其是通过距离最近同类型(等效出射光偏光态相同)子区域对应打开孔径时，产生的噪声分布区域距离显示视图的视点最近，如图16，容易进入观察者瞳孔影响显示效果。同一个时间点打开的孔径子组，扩展至更多时间点分步打开，让相邻同类型孔径(允许通光偏光态相同)在不同的时间点打开，同时未打开孔径对应子区域不加载信息，可以抑制上述噪声。此时的光波导投影单元命名为偏光时序光波导投影单元601，G个偏光时序光波导投影单元同理搭建可以实现小间距视点视图呈现的偏光-时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构40。为了图示的清晰简单，图21以G＝1为例示出偏光-时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构40。偏光时序光波导投影单元601采用上述偏光特性光波导投影单元的光学结构，不同之处在于偏光时序光波导投影单元601中同一光波导投影单元投射虚像不同子区域在不同时间点进行时序信息加载。具体的例子如图21，偏光特性光波导投影单元301中的像素阵列1101的4个区域分到两个时间点依次加载信息，构建成偏光时序光波导投影单元601。图中，A 1、A 3、A 5和A 7为一个孔径组，A 2、A 4、A 6和A 8为一个孔径组。一个周期的4个时间点，在所示孔径数量较少的情况下，A 1和A 3组成的混个孔径单独为一簇，在时刻t打开，1101′上分别对应的区域1和区域2对应加载信息，信息的确定采用前述偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统20所采用的视点确定方法。A 5和A 7为一簇，在时刻t+Δt/2打开，1101′上分别对应的区域3和区域4对应加载信息。同理，A 2和A 4为一簇，在时刻t+Δt/4打开，1101′上分别对应的区域1和区域2对应加载信息，A 6和A 8为一簇，在时刻t+3Δt/4打开，1101′上分别对应的区域3和区域4对应加载信息，基于视觉滞留实现降低噪声的两个视点呈现。在设计更多孔径时，一个周期内更多的时间点可以更好地降低上述噪声。
采用图18所示复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401时，若采用更多出的光波导投影单元堆栈时，该复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401的各子区域中，来自同一常规光波导投影单元的子区域间隔更大，也可以减少上述噪声。甚至在一个常规光波导投影单元仅向该复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元401贡献一个子区域时，上述噪声被完全抑制。
图15至图17和图19至图21中，投影面显示的图像是经光波导传输而来的像素阵列的虚像。如果通过其它方式产生的显示图像，例如以真实显示屏显示的图像，或者反射屏反射外部投射图像产生的图像投影面，或者衍射屏衍射外部投射图像产生的图像，或者传统头戴式VR/AR中小显示器(像素阵列)经成像透镜产生的虚像，和本专利中经光波导传输产生的虚像是等效的。图15至图17讨论的偏光特性的小间距孔径阵列及其相关应用，图19至图20讨论的时序特性的小间距孔径阵列及其相关应用，图21讨论的偏光时序的小间距孔径阵列及其相关应用，均适用于该其它方式于显示面上显示的图像。前期专利PCT15/481,467所述显示系统的各结构中，均可采用上述具有偏光特性，或/和时序特性的小间距孔径阵列，通过投射图像偏光态或时序的区域控制，进行三维光场显示。
上述实施例中，显示系统中不同光波导投影单元投射的虚像设置为完全重合。实际上，当来源于不同光波导投影单元的虚像发生错位时，包括各光波导投影单元各自采用不同像投射器件1701所导致深度(z向)上的错位，光学结构本身导致的x向错位发生时，上述实施过程可以同步骤执行。
本专利的核心思想是通过多个光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳的分割-组合控制，实现小间距视点视图向观察者各目的投射。其它各种光波导投影结构，比如PCT/2013/045267实现不同深度显示面上不同投影图像显示的光波导投影单元，再比如设计了其它各种光耦入器件和其它各种中继器件的光波导投影单元，融合了其它扩瞳光光学组件的光波导投影单元，或设计了耦入时分割图像并在耦出是进行图像复原的光组件的光波导投影单元，只要能透过耦出光出瞳对投射于有限远视图信息进行传播的光波导组件，都可以作为常规光波导投影单元101，或偏光特性光波导投影单元301，或时序光波导投影单元501，结合本专利所述小间距孔径阵列进行基于“耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制”的光场显示。且本专利所述系统还可以进一步延申，比如通过设计不同的像投射器件1701，可以在不同深 度上形成多个投影面，然后在每个深度的投影面上，再进行本专利所述基于“耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制”进行的光场显示，可以提高显示光场场景的景深。本专利系统采用光学常用的偏光特性和时序特性搭建系统，它们都是一种正交态。其中偏光特性可以是两组垂直的线偏光，这也是上述实施例中所采用的偏光特性，也可以是左旋和右旋偏光。实际上，无论什么其它可能的正交态，只要它们可以通过孔径相互进行识别，即通过一种孔径，仅一种对应的正交态能通过，则和本专利文件实施例中所述偏光正交或时序正交一样，可以进一步利用该其它正交态进行光场显示系统搭建。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明做出的非实质性修改，也均落入本发明的保护范围之内。比如，所采用的排它特性，并不局限于前文所述的特性。相应地，所有相关实施例都要处于下述权利要求项限定范畴内。

Claims (30)

  1. 基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
    常规光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个常规光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各常规光波导投影单元向+z向投射虚像，并仅通过其耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息,其中G≧1；
    小间距孔径阵列，由T组可时序开关的孔径组成，各孔径组分别包括依次间隔T-1个孔径的G个孔径，沿-z向，置于各耦出光出瞳前，其G×T个孔径中，相邻孔径间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p，T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
    其中，在所述常规光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，相邻常规光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳，沿x方向，依次错位T个孔径无重叠地排列，各常规光波导投影单元分别对应来自不同孔径组的、相邻排列的T个孔径，该常规光波导投影单元经耦出光出瞳出射光线，覆盖其对应的T个孔径，同时和其它常规光波导投影单元对应孔径无交集；
    控制单元，在各T个相邻时间点控制T个孔径组依次仅一组打开，并控制各常规光波导投影单元同步投射待显示场景关于该常规光波导投影单元对应打开孔径的视图；
    光阑，置于所述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各常规光波导投影单元出射光中于该常规光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，在小间距孔径阵列沿x向等间距Δd排列时，相邻常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×Δd。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，当各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像于投影面上毗邻连接时，在仅一个孔径组打开的一个时间点，各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像加载信息为一个视图在该投射虚像区域上的对应部分，该视图的视点为过各常规光波导投影单元投射虚像和其对应打开孔径的直线的交点。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，同一常规光波导投影单元对应的T个孔径，其所属分组是可调换的，T个孔径组打开的时序是可调换的，G个常规光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述常规光波导投影单元包括：像素阵列，同步地加载该常规光波导投影单元所需光信息并出射光束；光波导，由基体和全反射面组成，通过全反射传输入射光束；光耦入器件，将入射光耦入光波导；中继器件，置于像素阵列和光耦入器件之间，相位调制像素阵列各像素出射光束，并将调制后光束牵引入光耦入器件；耦出光出瞳，光波导传输光的出射孔径；光耦出器件，调制引导光波导全反射传播过来的光转向至耦出光出瞳；像面投射器件，将光耦出器件引导来的、来自于像素阵列不同像素的光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚于投影面上各对应等效像素，形成像素阵列在投影面上的虚像，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，等效于该虚像等效出射光束；补偿单元，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除上述其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，堆叠的各常规光波导投影单元，共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述像素阵列为OLED微显示器、LED微显示器、LCOS微显示器，或反射外部投射信息的反射面，所述光波导为平面光波导，所述光耦入器件是通过微加工工艺刻蚀于光波导表面的微结构光栅，或曝光于光波导内的全息光栅，或镀膜于光波导表面的反射镜，或附着于光波导表面的衍射光栅，所述中继器件为准直透镜，或成像透镜，或/和光束偏转器，所述光耦出器件为刻蚀于光波导表面的浮雕光学元件，或者加工于光波导基体中的反射面阵列，或者曝光于光波导基体的全息光栅，所述像面投射器件为凹透镜，或曝光于光波导出瞳面上的全息光栅，所述补偿单元为相位膜，或浮雕元件，该补偿单元附着光波导表面，或者刻蚀于光波导表面，或者曝光于光波导表面。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述基于常规光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显 示系统，其特征在于，所述常规光波导投影单元为由三个单色常规光波导投影单元堆栈而成的频分复用常规光波导投影单元，该三个单色常规光波导投影单元投射光信息波长不同，它们耦出光出瞳重叠，共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元，所投射不同波长的重合虚像混光合成为彩色虚像。
  9. 基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
    偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个偏光特性光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各偏光特性光波导投影单元向+z向投射虚像，并仅通过其耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息，其中G≧1；
    在该偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，各偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向由S个子区域组成，同一偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像于相邻子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向相同序号子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交,其中S≧1；
    小间距孔径阵列，由T×(S+G-1)个沿x向相邻间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的孔径组成，沿-z向置于各耦出光出瞳前，其间隔T-1个孔径的S+G-1个孔径分别成组，成组的T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，各孔径组中相邻孔径打开时允许通过光的偏光态相互正交，且各孔径组中各相邻的S个孔径分别二次成组，构建组成G个孔径子组，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
    在所述偏光特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，沿x方向，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳依次错位T个孔径排列，该耦出光出瞳依次错位的G个偏光特性光波导投影单元和各孔径组中同向依次错位的G个孔径子组依次对应，其中各孔径子组的S个孔径同向依次一一对应于对应偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像的S个子区域，且各孔径打开时允许出射光偏光方向一致于对应子区域等效出射光的偏光方向；
    控制单元，在各T个相邻时间点控制T个孔径组依次仅一组打开，并控制各偏光特性光波导投影单元同步投射待显示场景关于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应打开孔径子组的视图；
    其中偏光特性光波导投影单元投射待显示场景关于对应打开孔径子组的视图，其视点为分别过该偏光特性光波导投影单元各子区域和该子区域在该打开孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点；
    光阑，附着于所述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各偏光特性光波导投影单元出射光中于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，各偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像的子区域重叠，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像在同一重叠子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述子区域等间距排列，且孔径等间距Δd排列，相邻偏光特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各偏光特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×S×Δd。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，其中偏光特性光波导投影单元投射待显示场景关于对应打开孔径子组的视图，其视点为该偏光特性光波导投影单元各子区域中心和该子区域于该打开孔径子组中对应孔径中心的连线的交点。
  13. 根据权利要求9～12任一项所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，偏光特性光波导投影单元同一子区域在T组孔径中对应的T个孔径，其在T组孔径的归属是可调换的。
  14. 根据权利要求9～12任一项所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，一个周期内的各时间点状态是可调换的，G个偏光特性光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
  15. 根据权利要求9～12任一项所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述偏光特性光波导投影单元包括如下组员：像素阵列，由S个区域组成，其各区域出射光偏光态一致于该偏光特性光波导投影单元投射虚像上对应子区域等效出射光偏光态；光波导，由基体和全反射面组成，通过保持入射光偏光态不变的全反射传输入射光束；光耦入器件，将入射光偏光态不变地耦入光波导；中继器件，置于像素阵列和光耦入器件之间，保持偏光态不变地相位调制像素阵列各像素出射光束，并将调制后光束牵引入光耦入器件；耦出光出瞳，光波导传输光出射孔径；光耦出器件，调制引导光波导全反射传播过来的光束偏光态不变地转向至耦出光出瞳；像面投射器件，将光耦出器件引导来的、来自于像素阵列不同像素的光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚于投影 面上各对应等效像素，形成像素阵列在投影面上的虚像，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，等效于该虚像等效出射光束；补偿单元，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除上述其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，堆叠的偏光特性光波导投影单元共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
  17. 根据权利要求9～12任一项所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述偏光特性光波导投影单元为M+N个常规光波导投影单元堆栈而成的复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元，其各常规光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳为一个或多于一个间隔分布的出瞳孔，其中M个常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳孔组合成一个出瞳孔阵列，其各出瞳孔分别附置一个尺寸不小于该出瞳孔尺寸的对应偏光膜，该出瞳孔阵列所对应偏光膜数量、位置和偏光方向一致于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应孔径中一种偏光性质孔径的数量、位置和偏光方向，另外N个常规光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳组合成另外一个出瞳孔阵列，其各出瞳孔分别附置一个尺寸不小于该出瞳孔尺寸的对应偏光膜，该出瞳孔阵列所对应偏光膜数量、位置和偏光方向一致于该偏光特性光波导投影单元对应孔径中另一种偏光性质孔径的数量、位置和偏光方向，M≧1，N≧1。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述基于偏光特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，在复结构偏光特性光波导投影单元中，M+N个堆叠的常规光波导投影单元共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
  19. 基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
    时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个时序特性光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各时序特性光波导投影单元向+z向投射沿x向分为S个子区域的虚像，并仅通过时序特性波导投影单元耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息，其中G≧1，S≧2；
    小间距孔径阵列，由T×(S+G-1)个沿x向相邻间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的孔径组成，沿-z向置于各耦出光出瞳前，间隔T-1个孔径的S+G-1个孔径分别成组，成组的T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，各孔径组中，各相 邻的S个孔径分别二次成组为一个孔径子组，组成T×G个孔径子组，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
    其中，在所述时序特性光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，沿x方向，相邻时序特性光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳依次错位T个孔径排列，该耦出光出瞳依次错位的G个时序特性光波导投影单元分别和各孔径组中同向依次错位的G个孔径子组依次对应，各孔径子组的S个孔径同向依次一一对应于对应时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像的S个子区域；
    控制单元，在一个时间点，仅打开仅一个孔径组中依次间隔V-1个孔径的孔径所组成的一个孔径簇，并控制所有孔径组的T×V个不同孔径簇在各时间周期Δt内相邻的T×V个时间点依次一次仅一簇地打开，其中2≦V≦S；
    并，在一个孔径打开时，控制其在各时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像上对应子区域加载关于该孔径信息，非打开孔径对应子区域不加载信息；
    其中，时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像子区域关于一个孔径的信息，为该时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于该孔径所在孔径子组的视图在该子区域上的信息；
    其中，时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于一个孔径子组的视图，其视点为分别过该时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域和该子区域在该孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点；
    光阑，附着于上述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各时序特性光波导投影单元出射光中于该时序特性光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，在子区域等间距排列、孔径等间距Δd排列时，相邻时序特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各时序特性光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×S×Δd。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于一个孔径子组的视图，其视点为该时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域中心和该子区域于该孔径子组中对应孔径中心的连线的交点。
  22. 根据权利要求19所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述时序特性光波导投影单元包括如下组员：像素 阵列，由S个区域组成，同步地加载该常规光波导投影单元所需投射信息并出射光束；光波导，由基体和全反射面组成，通过全反射传输入射光束；光耦入器件，将入射光耦入光波导；中继器件，置于像素阵列和光耦入器件之间，相位调制像素阵列各像素出射光束，并将调制后光束牵引入光耦入器件；耦出光出瞳，光波导传输光出射孔径；光耦出器件，调制引导光波导全反射传播过来的光束转向至耦出光出瞳；像面投射器件，将光耦出器件引导来的、来自于像素阵列不同像素的光束，沿+z向反向延长会聚于投影面上各对应等效像素，形成像素阵列在投影面上的虚像，从耦出光出瞳出射的光束，等效于该虚像等效出射光束；补偿单元，沿-z向置于光耦出器件后，用于反向消除上述其它器件对外部环境入射光的影响。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，堆叠的各时序特性光波导投影单元共用像面投射器件或/和补偿单元。
  24. 根据权利要求19～23任一项所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，各时间周期内的T×V个时间点状态是可调换的，G个时序特性光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
  25. 基于偏光时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，包括：
    偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构，由G个偏光时序光波导投影单元堆叠构成，各偏光时序光波导投影单元向+z向投射虚像，并仅通过其耦出光出瞳向-z向传播该投射虚像光信息，其中G≧1；
    该偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构的特点在于其各偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向由S个子区域组成，同一偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像于相邻子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像沿x向相同序号子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交，其中S≧1；
    小间距孔径阵列，由T×(S+G-1)个沿x向相邻间距小于观察者瞳孔直径D p的孔径组成，沿-z向置于各耦出光出瞳前，其间隔T-1个孔径的S+G-1个孔径分别成组，成组的T个孔径组沿x向依次错位一个孔径交错排列，各孔径组中相邻孔径打开时允许通过光的偏光态相互正交，且各孔径组中各相邻的S个孔径分别二次成组构建组成G个孔径子组，其中T≧1,T×G≧2；
    且，各孔径组中，沿x向从第一个孔径开始，偏光态互不相同的最多个相邻孔径组成为第一个混合孔径，然后在该孔径组中，从该第一个混合孔径后的第一个孔径开始，相同方法定义第二个混合孔径，如此重复，确定该孔径组中所有的混合孔径；
    在所述偏光时序光波导投影单元堆栈结构中，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元的耦出光出瞳，沿x方向，依次错位T个孔径排列，耦出光出瞳依次错位的G个偏光时序光波导投影单元和各孔径组中同向依次错位的G个孔径子组依次对应，各孔径子组的S个孔径同向依次一一对应于对应偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像的S个子区域，且各孔径打开时允许出射光偏光方向一致于对应子区域等效出射光的偏光方向；
    控制单元，在一个时间点，仅打开仅一个孔径组中依次间隔V-1个混合孔径的混合孔径所组成的一个孔径簇，并控制所有孔径组的T×V个不同孔径簇在各时间周期Δt内相邻的T×V个时间点依次打开，且在一个时间点仅打开一个孔径簇，2≦V≦[(S+1)/2],[]为取整符号；
    并，在一个孔径打开时，控制其对应各子区域加载信息；
    其中，一个孔径对应子区域加载信息，是该子区域所对应偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于该孔径所属对应于该偏光时序光波导投影单元的孔径子组的视图在该子区域上的信息；
    其中，偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于对应孔径子组的视图，其视点为分别过该偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域和该子区域在该孔径子组中对应孔径的直线的交点；
    光阑，附着于所述小间距孔径阵列处，挡除来自各偏光时序光波导投影单元出射光中于该偏光时序光波导投影单元对应孔径之外区域透射的部分。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，各偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像的子区域重叠，相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像在同一重叠子区域上的等效出射光偏光态相互正交。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述子区域等间距排列，且孔径等间距Δd排列时， 相邻偏光时序光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向间距ΔD＝T×Δd，各偏光时序光波导投影单元耦出光出瞳沿x向宽度ΔW≦T×S×Δd。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述基于时序特性光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，偏光时序光波导投影单元投射虚像区域关于对应孔径子组的视图，其视点为该时序特性光波导投影单元投射虚像各子区域中心和该子区域于该孔径子组中对应孔径中心的连线的交点。
  29. 根据权利要求25～28任一项所述基于偏光时序光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，所述偏光时序光波导投影单元和所述偏光特性光波导投影单元采用相同光学结构。
  30. 根据权利要求25～28任一项所述基于偏光时序光波导耦出光出瞳分割-组合控制的光场显示系统，其特征在于，各时间周期内的T×V个时间点状态是可调换的，G个偏光时序光波导投影单元堆叠次序是可调换的。
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