WO2023000644A1 - 蜂窝芯材 - Google Patents

蜂窝芯材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023000644A1
WO2023000644A1 PCT/CN2022/074343 CN2022074343W WO2023000644A1 WO 2023000644 A1 WO2023000644 A1 WO 2023000644A1 CN 2022074343 W CN2022074343 W CN 2022074343W WO 2023000644 A1 WO2023000644 A1 WO 2023000644A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
honeycomb
node
core material
welding
sides
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/074343
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑立刚
潘志金
郑巧英
尹名庆
崔璐
夏杨洋
顾聪聪
Original Assignee
马鞍山安达泰克科技有限公司
北京安达泰克科技有限公司
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Application filed by 马鞍山安达泰克科技有限公司, 北京安达泰克科技有限公司 filed Critical 马鞍山安达泰克科技有限公司
Priority to CA3227137A priority Critical patent/CA3227137A1/en
Priority to EP22844818.9A priority patent/EP4364880A1/en
Publication of WO2023000644A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000644A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/22—Spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
    • B23K11/11—Spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of honeycomb structure design and manufacture, in particular to a honeycomb core material.
  • the honeycomb structure can absorb the kinetic energy of the impact during the collision compression, and play the role of cushioning and protection, and the honeycomb structure is light in weight and high in strength. Applications.
  • the main manufacturing process of energy-absorbing honeycomb is glued connection.
  • the crush strength curves of the prior art glued aluminum honeycomb or paper honeycomb are relatively stable, but because the honeycombs are connected by glue, and the material is aluminum or paper, the strength of the material itself and the connection strength are limited The adhesive will fail, so it cannot be used in special occasions with high temperature and high pressure.
  • the strength of aluminum honeycomb or paper material is limited, and the crush strength of its cemented honeycomb structure is also limited.
  • the present invention aims to provide a honeycomb core material to solve the structural design and manufacturing technical problems of metal honeycombs in the prior art, especially welded (non-cemented) metal honeycomb core materials with large fluctuations in the crush curve and instability.
  • a honeycomb core material is provided.
  • the honeycomb core material is formed by welding a plurality of honeycomb bands, including a plurality of honeycomb units.
  • the honeycomb bands include continuously arranged free sides and node sides, and the corresponding welded node sides form honeycomb unit nodes, and the honeycomb unit nodes are formed by Laser or resistance spot welding, the spots of spot welding are evenly distributed, the distance between two adjacent spots perpendicular to the cross-sectional direction of the honeycomb unit is d, the side length at the node of the honeycomb unit is A, and the value of d is ⁇ A value.
  • concave and convex strips are provided along the node edges forming the nodes of the honeycomb unit in a direction perpendicular to the cross section.
  • the two node edges forming the honeycomb unit node are provided with concave-convex strips in the direction perpendicular to the cross section, and the concave-convex strips on one node edge are fitted with the concave-convex strips on the corresponding welded node edges .
  • a node edge forming a honeycomb unit node is provided with a concave-convex strip in a direction perpendicular to the cross section, and the other node edge correspondingly welded together is not provided with a concave-convex strip.
  • the number of concave-convex strips on the nodes of the honeycomb unit is 2 or more.
  • the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node, the middle is a straight section, the two sides are forward and reverse arc-shaped sections, and the welding points are distributed in the middle of the straight section.
  • the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node, the middle is a straight section, the two sides are forward and reverse arc segments, and the welding points are distributed on the forward and reverse arc segments on both sides; or, The welding spots are distributed on the positive and negative arc segments on both sides and in the middle of the straight segment.
  • the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node, the middle is a straight section, the two sides are arc-shaped sections in the same direction, and the welding points are distributed in the middle of the straight section.
  • the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node, with a straight section in the middle and arc sections in the same direction on both sides, and the welding spots are distributed on the arc sections in the same direction on both sides; or, the welding spots are distributed in On the same arc segment on both sides and in the middle of the straight segment.
  • the material of the honeycomb core material is metal
  • the metal includes non-ferrous metal and ferrous metal
  • the non-ferrous metal includes titanium alloy, aluminum or magnesium alloy
  • the ferrous metal includes carbon steel, stainless steel or high-temperature alloy.
  • honeycomb wave zone is punched, rolled or cut in advance to further control and adjust the fluctuation and fluctuation of the honeycomb crush curve. Specific strength of honeycomb core material.
  • the honeycomb unit nodes are fixed by laser or resistance spot welding, and the spot welding fixed welding spots are evenly distributed, and the distance between two adjacent welding spots on the honeycomb unit nodes perpendicular to the cross-sectional direction of the honeycomb unit is d, the value of d is set to be less than or equal to the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit, so as to ensure that the progressive shrinkage of the honeycomb core lattice is supported by at least solder joints within the deformation amount, so that the honeycomb core is also on the smallest unit when compressed.
  • the crush strength of the honeycomb core material can be increased and adjusted by setting the convex and concave strips on the nodes of the honeycomb unit, and further reduce the fluctuation of the crush curve, and maximize the specific strength of the honeycomb core material.
  • Fig. 1 shows the crush curve of a stainless steel honeycomb in the prior art
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cellular waveband, where 1 is a free edge and 2 is a node edge;
  • Figure 3a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the honeycomb core material and the distribution of solder joints according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3a-1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the honeycomb core material and the staggered distribution of welding spots according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Fig. 3a;
  • Fig. 4 shows the crush curve of stainless steel honeycomb in embodiment 1
  • Fig. 5 shows the structure of a honeycomb core material of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the distribution of solder joints
  • Fig. 6a shows the structure of another honeycomb core material of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the distribution of welding spots
  • Fig. 6a-1 shows the structure of the honeycomb core material of the present invention and another schematic diagram of the distribution of welding spots
  • Figure 6b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Figure 6a;
  • Fig. 7a shows the structure of another honeycomb core material of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the distribution of welding spots
  • Fig. 7b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Fig. 7a;
  • Fig. 8a shows the structure of another honeycomb core material of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the distribution of welding spots
  • Fig. 8a-1 shows the structure of yet another honeycomb core material of the present invention and another schematic diagram of the distribution of welding spots;
  • Fig. 8b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Fig. 8a;
  • Fig. 9a shows the structure of another honeycomb core material of the present invention and the distribution of welding spots on the node side;
  • Fig. 9b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material of Fig. 9a;
  • Fig. 10 shows the crush curve of stainless steel honeycomb in embodiment 2
  • Fig. 11 shows the crushing curve of the stainless steel honeycomb of honeycomb core material 1 in embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 12 shows the crush curve of the stainless steel honeycomb of the honeycomb core material 2 in Example 3.
  • the cellular waveband includes free edges and node edges of the cellular waveband continuously arranged, the node edges of two cellular wavebands overlap to form a cellular unit, and a plurality of cellular units form a cellular structure.
  • a honeycomb core material is provided.
  • the honeycomb core material is formed by welding a plurality of honeycomb bands, including a plurality of honeycomb units.
  • the honeycomb bands include continuously arranged free sides and node sides, and the corresponding welded node sides form honeycomb unit nodes, and the honeycomb unit nodes are formed by Laser or resistance spot welding, the spots of spot welding are evenly distributed, the distance between two adjacent spots perpendicular to the cross-sectional direction of the honeycomb unit is d, the side length at the node of the honeycomb unit is A, and the value of d is ⁇ A value.
  • the honeycomb unit is a regular hexagon
  • the side length A of the honeycomb unit at the node of the honeycomb unit is equal to the other sides of the honeycomb unit, and the value of A is equal to the cell side length , the value of d ⁇ the value of the side length of the core cell, if the honeycomb unit is not a regular hexagon, then the value of d is less than or equal to the side length of the solder joint connection, that is, the side length A of the honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit.
  • the honeycomb unit nodes are fixed by laser or resistance spot welding, and the spot welding fixed welding spots are evenly distributed, and the distance between two adjacent welding spots on the honeycomb unit nodes perpendicular to the cross-sectional direction of the honeycomb unit is d, the value of d is set to be less than or equal to the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit, so as to ensure that the progressive shrinkage of the honeycomb core lattice is supported by at least solder joints within the deformation amount, so that the honeycomb core is also on the smallest unit when compressed. There will be no cracking and twisting, and the smallest unit will not be unstable when the honeycomb is compressed, so that the honeycomb core material will not be unstable, thus ensuring the high stability of the crush strength curve of the honeycomb core material.
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the honeycomb core material and the distribution of solder joints according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3b shows the honeycomb shown in Figure 3a Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the core material, wherein, A represents the side length at the node of the regular hexagonal honeycomb unit; D represents the distance from the opposite side of the regular hexagonal honeycomb cell, and t represents the thickness of the core material of the formed honeycomb cell).
  • the welded metal honeycomb designed and manufactured by the method of the present invention ensures the high stability of the crush strength (Crush Strength) curve and maintains it within a certain range, that is to say, the high and stable crush strength can be achieved by changing the thickness of the honeycomb wave zone and the size of the honeycomb core. controllable. Therefore, the honeycomb core material of the present application can meet the requirements for honeycomb crush strength fluctuation within a certain range and high specific strength in special environments such as aerospace nuclear energy and other fields.
  • the manufacturing method of the present invention adopts a laser or resistance spot welding manufacturing process, which has high manufacturing efficiency and greatly improves the production efficiency. Not only can it be mass-produced, but it can also be customized for single-piece production according to special requirements.
  • At least one honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit is provided with a concave-convex strip along the direction perpendicular to the cross section, that is, the node edge is provided with a concave-convex strip in the direction perpendicular to the cross section, the The concave-convex strips are fitted with the concave-convex strips corresponding to the nodes of the honeycomb bands welded together.
  • the honeycomb structure of the present invention has increased concave-convex strips at the overlapping joints, and the strength of the honeycomb structure is further increased due to the support of the arc section.
  • a node edge forming a honeycomb unit node is provided with a concave-convex strip in a direction perpendicular to the cross section, and the other node edge correspondingly welded together is not provided with a concave-convex strip.
  • the honeycomb is superimposed into a hexagonal shape by layers of honeycomb bands with concave and convex strips, and the convex side of the node side on the front row of honeycomb bands is opposite to the node side on the rear row of honeycomb bands.
  • the concave edge is fixed by laser or resistance spot welding at the superposition of each honeycomb band (node, also known as node) to form a stable hexagonal honeycomb core.
  • the spot welding process used needs to be evenly distributed.
  • the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit, the middle is a straight section, the two sides are positive and negative arc-shaped sections, and the welding points are distributed in the middle of the straight section;
  • the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit.
  • Fig. 6b shows the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Fig.
  • A represents the side length at the node of the honeycomb unit
  • D represents the distance to the side of the hexagonal honeycomb core lattice
  • r represents the radius of the arc segment
  • t represents the thickness of the core material of the formed honeycomb core grid
  • c represents the middle straight section of the special honeycomb
  • the concave-convex strip is arranged on at least one honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit On both sides of the , the middle is a straight section, and the two sides are positive and negative arc sections, and the solder joints are distributed on both sides of the positive and negative arc sections and on the straight section
  • the concave-convex strips are set On both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit, the middle is a straight section, the two sides are arc sections in the same direction, and the welding points are distributed in the middle of the straight section (Fig.
  • FIG. 7b shows the cross-section of the honeycomb core material shown in Fig. 7a Schematic diagram of the structure, where A represents the side length at the node of the honeycomb unit; D represents the distance from the opposite side of the hexagonal honeycomb cell, r represents the radius of the arc segment; t represents the thickness of the core material of the honeycomb cell formed; c Represents the straight section in the middle of a special honeycomb); as shown in Figure 8a, the concave-convex strips are arranged on both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node of the honeycomb unit, the middle is a straight section, the two sides are arc sections in the same direction, and the solder joints are distributed on both sides. On the same arc section of the side (Fig.
  • FIG. 8b shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Fig. 8a, wherein, A represents the side length at the node of the honeycomb unit; D represents the pair of hexagonal honeycomb core lattices r represents the radius of the arc segment; t represents the thickness of the core material of the formed honeycomb cell; c represents the middle straight segment of the special honeycomb); and as shown in Figure 8a-1, the concave-convex strips are arranged on the honeycomb unit On both sides of at least one honeycomb unit node, the middle is a straight section, and both sides are arc sections in the same direction, and the welding points are distributed on the arc sections in the same direction and on the straight section on both sides.
  • the concave strip is arranged on at least one honeycomb unit node side of the honeycomb unit, the middle is a straight section, at least one side is a same-direction arc section, and the welding spots are distributed on the middle straight section (shown in Figure 9b A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the honeycomb core material shown in Figure 9a is shown, where A represents the side length at the node of the honeycomb unit; D represents the distance from the opposite side of the hexagonal honeycomb core; r represents the radius of the arc segment; t Indicates the thickness of the core material of the honeycomb core grid; c indicates the middle straight section of the special honeycomb).
  • the honeycomb crush strength and the fluctuation of the honeycomb crush strength curve can be fine-tuned. Specifically, the smaller the value of d, the smaller the fluctuation of the crush strength, and the three rows of solder joints in the honeycomb core material
  • the crush strength of the honeycomb is greater than that of the honeycomb with two rows of solder joints, and the crush strength of the honeycomb with two rows of solder joints is greater than that of the honeycomb with single row of solder joints.
  • spot welding adopts a welding method in which a hole is formed in the middle of the spot and a nugget is formed around it, and is evenly or distributed on the nodes of the honeycomb unit according to a specific distribution, so as to achieve a better design of the honeycomb crush curve.
  • a hole is formed in the middle of the spot and a nugget is formed around it, and is evenly or distributed on the nodes of the honeycomb unit according to a specific distribution, so as to achieve a better design of the honeycomb crush curve.
  • the number, size and position of holes can be designed and determined according to the requirements of different crush curves.
  • the structure of the above-mentioned special honeycomb of the present invention makes the honeycomb have a significant high compressive strength, and the distribution of solder joints can adjust the honeycomb compressive strength and the fluctuation of the honeycomb crush curve during honeycomb welding.
  • the value of d in the above-mentioned solder joint distribution is set to be less than or equal to the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit, and the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit is the side length of the honeycomb core grid at the joint of the solder joint connected between the honeycomb wave bands , for the honeycomb structure shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6a, Fig. 6a-1, Fig. 7a, Fig. 8a, Fig. 8a-1 and Fig. 9a, the value of d is also set to be less than or equal to Side length A, that is, the distance A between the endpoints of adjacent sides and at the joint of the solder joint.
  • the distribution and values of the solder joints mentioned above are the optimal options in this patent example, but are not limited thereto. It should be noted that the beneficial effect of the present application is also notable for general occasions where the fluctuation of the compressive strength curve of the metal honeycomb core is not high.
  • the value of d is greater than the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit.
  • the value of d is The larger the value, the greater the fluctuation of the compressive strength curve of the honeycomb core material, until the compressive failure has no practical significance.
  • the number, size and position of the holes can be determined according to the design requirements of different compression curves by punching and rolling holes on the honeycomb strip before the honeycomb forming, and the holes of the honeycomb material are welded into a honeycomb core
  • the honeycomb when compressed, can regularly conform to the positions of the openings to form compression deformation, and the openings can be uniformly distributed on the honeycomb wall through different designs or according to a specific distribution law, so as to achieve the purpose of fine-tuning the design of the honeycomb compression curve.
  • the distribution of three rows of solder joints in a honeycomb is greater than the crush strength of two rows of solder joints, and the crush strength of two rows of solder joints is greater than that of a single row of solder joints, that is, as the horizontal direction of the honeycomb solder joints increases, the compressive strength of the honeycomb The more stable the curve with less fluctuation, the better the controllability of the design.
  • the size of the crush test honeycomb core 100mm (length) ⁇ 100mm (width) ⁇ 100mm (height), the material is 304 stainless steel, the thickness is 0.13mm ⁇ the cell D6.4mm, the side length A of the node of the honeycomb unit is 3.70mm, The distance d between adjacent solder joints is set to 2 mm, and the honeycomb bands provided with concave and convex strips are stacked layer by layer to form a hexagonal honeycomb core.
  • the distance between adjacent solder joints d ⁇ the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit ensures that there is at least a solder joint support within the amount of progressive telescopic deformation of the honeycomb core lattice, so that the interior of the honeycomb core is within the minimum unit
  • the overall welding strength is relatively high, and the solder joints are evenly distributed, so the crush curve of the honeycomb is particularly stable.
  • the honeycomb crushing curve is shown in Figure 4 below.
  • the crush test adopts the electronic universal testing machine DNS-300 to carry out the compression test, and the test compression speed is 5mm/s.
  • the size of the crush test honeycomb core 100mm (length) ⁇ 100mm (width) ⁇ 100mm (height), the material is 304 stainless steel, the thickness is 0.13mm ⁇ the cell D5.6mm, the side length A of the node of the honeycomb unit is 3.23mm, The distance d between adjacent solder joints is set to 2mm.
  • the electronic universal testing machine DNS-300 is used for compression test, and the test compression speed is 5mm/s. Through repeated tests, it is proved that the manufacturing method of the present invention is stable and feasible.
  • the crushing strength curve is stable, see the compressive strength curve tested in Figure 10.
  • Honeycomb core grid 6.4mm
  • honeycomb strip material thickness 0.1mm
  • honeycomb material material 304 stainless steel
  • side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit is 3.695mm
  • the distance d between adjacent solder joints is set to 2mm.
  • the crush test adopts the electronic universal testing machine DNS-300 to carry out the compression test, and the compression speed is 5mm/s.
  • Table 2 The honeycomb crush strength test result comparison of several different honeycomb structure core materials of the present invention
  • the crushing strength can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the material and the size of the honeycomb cell; by designing the shape and structure of the honeycomb, the best The specific strength of the honeycomb structure (honeycomb strength/honeycomb density); according to the design of the corresponding honeycomb structure and the distribution of the solder joints of the honeycomb structure, the highest and lowest fluctuation ranges of the crushing strength can be controlled.
  • the structure of the above-mentioned special honeycomb of the present invention makes the honeycomb have significant high crush strength, and the distribution of solder joints during honeycomb welding can adjust the honeycomb compressive strength and control the fluctuation range of the honeycomb compressive strength curve.
  • d ⁇ A is the optimal option in the embodiment of the present application, and is not limited thereto.
  • the beneficial effect of the present application is also notable for general occasions where the fluctuation of the compressive strength curve of the metal honeycomb core is not high.
  • the value of d is greater than the side length A at the node of the honeycomb unit.
  • the value of d is The value of d directly affects the fluctuation of the compressive strength curve. Specifically, the larger the value of d, the greater the fluctuation of the compressive strength curve of the honeycomb core material, until the compression failure has no practical significance.
  • the crush strength of the honeycomb and the fluctuation of the honeycomb crush strength can be fine-tuned. Specifically, the smaller the d value, the smaller the crush strength fluctuation.
  • the patent of the present invention adopts laser perforation spot welding, and by adjusting the value of d, the design requirements of honeycomb compressive strength and fine-tuning of honeycomb shrinkage curve can be met.

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Abstract

一种蜂窝芯材。该蜂窝芯材由多条蜂窝波带焊接形成，包括多个蜂窝单元，蜂窝波带包括连续设置的自由边(1)和节点边(2)，对应焊接在一起的节点边形成蜂窝单元节点，且蜂窝单元节点是通过激光或电阻点焊焊接，点焊的焊点均匀分布，垂直于蜂窝单元的横截面方向上两个相邻焊点的距离为d，蜂窝单元节点处的边长为A，d的取值≤A的值。d的取值设置为≤A保证了蜂窝单元压缩发生渐进叠缩变形量内至少有一个焊点支撑，使其压缩时蜂窝芯材内部在最小单位上也不会出现开裂和扭曲，蜂窝压缩时最小单位不会产生失稳进而使得蜂窝整体更不会产生失稳，从而保证了蜂窝芯材的整体压溃曲线具有高的稳定性，并能控制调节压溃强度与压溃曲线的波动。

Description

蜂窝芯材 技术领域
本发明涉及蜂窝结构设计与制造领域，具体而言，涉及一种蜂窝芯材。
背景技术
蜂窝结构在碰撞压缩时能起到吸收撞击动能，起到缓冲与保护作用，且蜂窝结构质量轻且强度高，因此，在撞击吸收能量防护以及航空航天，以及舰船等高比强度领域有着广泛的应用。
目前，吸能蜂窝的主要制造工艺是胶接连接。现有技术胶接铝蜂窝或纸蜂窝压溃强度曲线较稳定，但由于蜂窝之间是胶接剂接连接，而且材质铝或纸质，其材料自身强度和连接强度有限并且在高温高压环境下胶接剂会失效，因此，无法应用在高温高压的特殊场合。同时，铝蜂窝或纸质材质强度所限，其胶结的蜂窝结构，压溃强度也因此有所限制。
另外，目前蜂窝制造虽然有焊接连接，但其压溃曲线表现不稳定，比强度也存在不足。例如，现有非胶接焊接的金属蜂窝压溃曲线呈不规律状态，尤其是不锈钢蜂窝和钛合金蜂窝，无法满足特殊场合的吸能需求，例如，图1示出了一现有技术中不锈钢蜂窝的压溃曲线，其波动不稳定，不能满足吸收能量的压溃强度波动在一定范围的要求。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种蜂窝芯材，以解决现有技术中金属蜂窝，尤其焊接(非胶结)金属蜂窝芯材的压溃曲线波动大、不稳定的结构设计和制造技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种蜂窝芯材。该蜂窝芯材由多条蜂窝波带焊接形成，包括多个蜂窝单元，蜂窝波带包括连续设置的自由边和节点边，对应焊接在一起的节点边形成蜂窝单元节点，且蜂窝单元节点是通过激光或电阻点焊焊接，点焊的焊点均匀分布，垂直于蜂窝单元的横截面方向上两个相邻焊点的距离为d，蜂窝单元节点处的边长为A，d的取值≤A的值。
进一步地，形成蜂窝单元节点的节点边沿垂直于横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带。
进一步地，形成蜂窝单元节点的两条节点边沿垂直于横截面的方向上均设置有凹凸条带，其中一条节点边上的凹凸条带与对应焊接在一起的节点边的凹凸条带相嵌合。
进一步地，形成蜂窝单元节点的一条节点边沿垂直于横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带，对应焊接在一起的另一条节点边不设置凹凸条带。
进一步地，蜂窝单元节点上凹凸条带的条数为2条或多条。
进一步地，凹凸条带设置在至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，焊点分布在直段的中间。
进一步地，凹凸条带设置在至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的正反异向弧形段上；或者，焊点分布在两侧的正反异向弧形段上和直段的中间。
进一步地，凹凸条带设置在至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在直段的中间。
进一步地，凹凸条带设置在至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的同向弧形段上；或者，焊点分布在两侧的同向弧形段上和直段的中间。
进一步地，蜂窝芯材的材质为金属，金属包括有色金属和黑色金属，有色金属包括钛合金、铝或镁合金，黑色金属包括碳钢、不锈钢或高温合金。
进一步地，点焊焊接时采用焊点中间形成孔洞，四周形成熔核的焊接方式，或者预先在蜂窝波带上通过冲压或滚压或切割的开孔方式进一步来控制调节蜂窝压溃曲线波动与蜂窝芯材的比强度。
应用本发明的技术方案，蜂窝单元节点通过激光或电阻点焊固定，点焊固定的焊点均匀分布，垂直于蜂窝单元的横截面方向上蜂窝单元节点上的两个相邻焊点的距离为d，d的取值设置为小于等于蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，从而保证蜂窝芯格压缩发生渐进叠缩变形量内至少有焊点支撑，使其压缩时蜂窝芯内部在最小单位上也不会出现开裂和扭曲，蜂窝压缩时最小单位不会产生失稳进而使得蜂窝芯材更不会产生失稳，从而保证了蜂窝芯材压溃强度(Crush Strength)曲线高稳定性。通过在蜂窝单元节点上的凸凹条设置可以增大和调整蜂窝芯材的压溃强度，以及进一步减小压溃曲线的波动，和最大化提高蜂窝芯材的比强度。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了现有技术中一不锈钢蜂窝的压溃曲线；
图2示出了蜂窝波带的结构示意图，其中，1为自由边，2为节点边；
图3a示出了本发明一实施例的蜂窝芯材结构及焊点分布示意图；
图3a-1示出了本发明一实施例的蜂窝芯材结构及焊点交错分布示意图；
图3b示出了图3a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图；
图4示出了实施例1中不锈钢蜂窝的压溃曲线；
图5示出了本发明一蜂窝芯材的结构及焊点分布示意图；
图6a示出了本发明另一蜂窝芯材的结构及焊点分布示意图；
图6a-1示出了本发明蜂窝芯材的结构及另一种焊点分布示意图；
图6b示出了图6a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图；
图7a示出了本发明又一蜂窝芯材的结构及焊点分布示意图；
图7b示出了图7a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图；
图8a示出了本发明再一蜂窝芯材的结构及焊点分布示意图；
图8a-1示出了本发明再一蜂窝芯材的结构及另一种焊点分布示意图；
图8b示出了图8a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图；
图9a示出了本发明再一蜂窝芯材的结构与节点边上的焊点分布；
图9b示出了图9a的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图；
图10示出了实施例2中不锈钢蜂窝的压溃曲线；
图11示出了实施例3中蜂窝芯材1的不锈钢蜂窝的压溃曲线；以及
图12示出了实施例3中蜂窝芯材2的不锈钢蜂窝的压溃曲线。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如图2所示，蜂窝波带包括连续设置的蜂窝波带自由边和节点边，两个蜂窝波带的节点边重叠形成蜂窝单元，多个蜂窝单元组成蜂窝结构。
根据本发明一种典型的实施方式，提供一种蜂窝芯材。该蜂窝芯材由多条蜂窝波带焊接形成，包括多个蜂窝单元，蜂窝波带包括连续设置的自由边和节点边，对应焊接在一起的节点边形成蜂窝单元节点，且蜂窝单元节点是通过激光或电阻点焊焊接，点焊的焊点均匀分布，垂直于蜂窝单元的横截面方向上两个相邻焊点的距离为d，蜂窝单元节点处的边长为A，d的取值≤A的值。
所要说明的是，在本发明一种典型的实施方式中，蜂窝单元是正六边形，蜂窝单元在蜂窝单元节点处的边长A与蜂窝单元其他边相等，A的值等同于芯格边长，d的取值≤芯格边长的值，如果蜂窝单元不是正六边形，那么d的取值为小于等于焊点连接处的边长即蜂窝单元的蜂窝单元节点处的边长A。
应用本发明的技术方案，蜂窝单元节点通过激光或电阻点焊固定，点焊固定的焊点均匀 分布，垂直于蜂窝单元的横截面方向上蜂窝单元节点上的两个相邻焊点的距离为d，d的取值设置为小于等于蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，从而保证蜂窝芯格压缩发生渐进叠缩变形量内至少有焊点支撑，使其压缩时蜂窝芯内部在最小单位上也不会出现开裂和扭曲，蜂窝压缩时最小单位不会产生失稳进而使得蜂窝芯材更不会产生失稳，从而保证了蜂窝芯材压溃强度(Crush Strength)曲线高稳定性。
并且，本申请的焊接蜂窝即使在高温高压条件下，高稳定的压溃性能也不会失效。图3a示出了本发明一实施例的蜂窝芯材结构及焊点分布示意图，图3a-1示出了本发明一实施例的蜂窝芯材结构及焊点交错分布示意图，焊点分布不在一条直线上(此时两个相邻焊点的距离d是指焊点所在与蜂窝芯材的横截面平行的平面之间的距离)，呈交错分布(图3b示出了图3a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图，其中，A表示正六边蜂窝单元节点处的边长；D表示为正六边形蜂窝芯格对边的距离，t表示所组成蜂窝芯格的芯材料厚)。本发明方法设计制造的焊接金属蜂窝保证了压溃强度(Crush Strength)曲线高稳定性并维持在一定范围，也就是说通过改变蜂窝波带厚度和蜂窝芯格尺寸能使得其高稳定压溃强度可控。因此，本申请的蜂窝芯材能够满足特殊环境例如航空航天核能等领域对蜂窝压溃强度波动在一定范围内的需求以及高比强度的要求。另外，本发明制造方法采用的是激光或电阻点焊制造工艺，制造效率较高，大大提高了生产效率。不仅仅可以批量制造，还可以根据特殊要求定制单件生产制造。
根据本发明一种优选的实施方式，蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点上沿垂直于横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带，即节点边沿垂直于横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带，该凹凸条带与对应焊接在一起的蜂窝波带节点的凹凸条带相嵌合。本发明的蜂窝结构与普通六边形蜂窝相比重叠拼接处增加了凹凸条带，由于弧段的支撑作用，进一步增加了蜂窝结构强度，同条件下与普通六边形蜂窝相比其密度几乎相同，但是结构强度得到了较大的提升。在本发明另一种实施方式中，形成蜂窝单元节点的一条节点边沿垂直于横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带，对应焊接在一起的另一条节点边不设置凹凸条带。
在本发明一实施方式中，蜂窝由具有凹凸条带设置的蜂窝波带层层叠加为六边形状，前排蜂窝波带上的节点边的凸边对后一排蜂窝波带上的节点边凹边，在每个蜂窝波带叠加处(节点，也成node)采用激光或电阻点焊固定，形成稳定的六边形蜂窝芯，所采用的点焊工艺中焊点需要均匀分布。
典型的，如图5所示，凹凸条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，焊点分布在直段中间；可以如图6a所示，凹凸条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的正反异向弧形段上(图6b示出了图6a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图，其中，A表示蜂窝单元节点处的边长；D表示为六边形蜂窝芯格对边的距离，r表示弧形段的半径；t表示所组成蜂窝芯格的芯材料厚；c表示特殊蜂窝中间直段)；可如图6a-1所示，凹凸条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的正反异向弧形段上和直段上；又如图7a所示，凹凸条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在直段中间(图7b 示出了图7a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图，其中，A表示蜂窝单元节点处的边长；D表示为六边形蜂窝芯格对边的距离，r表示弧形段的半径；t表示所组成蜂窝芯格的芯材料厚；c表示特殊蜂窝中间直段)；可以如图8a所示，凹凸条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的同向弧形段上(图8b示出了图8a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图，其中，A表示蜂窝单元节点处的边长；D表示为六边形蜂窝芯格对边的距离，r表示弧形段的半径；t表示所组成蜂窝芯格的芯材料厚；c表示特殊蜂窝中间直段)；又可以如图8a-1所示，凹凸条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的同向弧形段上和直段上。
又可以如图9a所示，凹条带设置在蜂窝单元的至少一个蜂窝单元节点一边，中间为直段，至少一侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在中间直段上(图9b示出了图9a所示的蜂窝芯材的横截面结构示意图，其中A表示蜂窝单元节点处的边长；D表示为六边形蜂窝芯格对边的距离，r表示弧形段的半径；t表示所组成蜂窝芯格的芯材料厚；c表示特殊蜂窝中间直段)。
通过焊点之间d值的变化与均匀分布，可以微调蜂窝压溃强度及蜂窝压溃强度曲线波动，具体是d的值越小，压溃强度波动越小，蜂窝芯材中三列焊点蜂窝的压溃强度大于两列焊点蜂窝的压溃强度，两列焊点蜂窝的压溃强度大于单列焊点蜂窝的压溃强度。
在本发明一种典型的实施方式中，点焊焊接时采用焊点中间形成孔洞四周形成熔核的焊接方式，均匀或按特定的分布分散在蜂窝单元节点上，以实现蜂窝压溃曲线设计更多调整的目的，或者预先在蜂窝波带自由边上通过冲压或滚压开孔的方式进一步来引导蜂窝压溃曲线波动。可以通过不同的开孔设计，开孔的数量，大小和位置，可以根据不同的压溃曲线的要求来设计与确定。
从以上描述中，可以看出，本发明上述特殊蜂窝的结构使得蜂窝具显著的高压缩强度，蜂窝焊接时焊点分布能调整蜂窝压缩强度和蜂窝压溃曲线波动，
以上所述焊点分布中d的取值设置为小于等于蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，蜂窝单元节点处的边长A是蜂窝波带之间相连的焊点连接处的蜂窝芯格边长，对于图5、图6a、图6a-1、图7a、图8a、图8a-1和图9a所示的蜂窝结构，d的取值设置也为小于等于图示所示蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，也就是相邻边端点连线的距离A并且在焊点连接处。
以上所述焊点分布与取值是本专利实例中最优选项，但不仅仅限制于此。需要说明的是对于一般场合满足金属蜂窝芯压缩强度曲线波动不高的设计时，本申请有益效果也比较显著，这种情况下d的取值大于蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，d的取值越大，蜂窝芯材压缩强度曲线波动越大，直至压缩失效没有现实意义。
进一步地，通过蜂窝成型前预先通过在蜂窝带料上冲压、滚压开孔的方式，开孔的数量，大小和位置可以根据不同的压缩曲线的设计要求确定,蜂窝材料开孔焊接成蜂窝芯后，压缩时蜂窝可以有规律的顺应开孔的位置形成压缩变形，开孔可以通过不同的设计均匀或按特定的分布规律分散在蜂窝壁上，以实现蜂窝压缩曲线设计微调整的目的。例如，蜂窝中三列焊点的分布大于两列的焊点的压溃强度，两列焊点大于单列焊点的压溃强度，也就是随着蜂窝焊 点水平方向排列增加，蜂窝的压缩强度曲线越稳定，波动越小，设计可控性就越好。
下面将结合实施例进一步说明本发明的有益效果。
实施例1
压溃测试蜂窝芯体尺寸：100mm(长)×100mm(宽)×100mm(高),材料选用304不锈钢，0.13mm厚度×芯格D6.4mm，蜂窝单元节点处的边长A为3.70mm,相邻焊点的距离d设置为2mm，设置有凹凸条带的蜂窝波带层层叠加形成六边形状的蜂窝芯体。
本发明方法所形成的蜂窝，相邻焊点间距d≤蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，保证蜂窝芯格压缩发生渐进叠缩变形量内至少有焊点支撑，使其蜂窝芯内部在最小单位上也不会出现开裂和扭曲，整体焊接强度较大，而且焊点均匀分布，所以蜂窝的压溃曲线表现的特别稳定，反复实验证明所采用的激光或电阻点焊焊接蜂窝整体焊接强度大于蜂窝压缩时的极限压溃强度，所以在蜂窝内部不会出现压塌陷及扭曲，蜂窝压溃曲线如下图4所示。压溃测试采用电子万能试验机DNS-300进行压缩测试，测试压缩速度5mm/s。
实施例2
压溃测试蜂窝芯体尺寸：100mm(长)×100mm(宽)×100mm(高),材料选用304不锈钢，0.13mm厚度×芯格D5.6mm，蜂窝单元节点处的边长A为3.23mm,相邻焊点的距离d设置为2mm。
采用电子万能试验机DNS-300进行压缩测试，测试压缩速度5mm/s。经过反复试验证明本发明制造方法稳定可行。压溃强度曲线稳定，见图10测试的压缩强度曲线。
实施例3
采用电子万能试验机DNS-300进行压缩测试，测试压缩速度5mm/s，并且通过试验得到了以下测试数据：表1，压缩强度曲线见图11与图12所示。
表1，不同不锈钢蜂窝高度下的压溃强度测试数据
Figure PCTCN2022074343-appb-000001
实施例4
蜂窝芯格：6.4mm，蜂窝带料厚度：0.1mm，蜂窝高度32mm，蜂窝材料材质：304不锈钢，蜂窝单元节点处的边长A为3.695mm,相邻焊点的距离d设置为2mm。压溃测试采用电子万能试验机DNS-300进行压缩测试，压缩速度5mm/s。
表2几种本发明的不同蜂窝结构芯材的蜂窝压溃强度测试结果比较
Figure PCTCN2022074343-appb-000002
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：通过改变材料厚度、蜂窝芯格尺寸可调节压溃强度；通过设计蜂窝的形状与蜂窝结构可以得到最佳的蜂窝结构的比强度(蜂窝强度/蜂窝密度)；根据对应的蜂窝结构来设计与蜂窝结构的焊点分布可以控制压溃强度的最高与最低波动范围。
从以上描述中可以看出，本发明上述特殊蜂窝的结构使得蜂窝具有显著的高压溃强度，蜂窝焊接时焊点分布能够调整蜂窝压缩强度和控制蜂窝压缩强度曲线波动范围。
以上所述焊点分布中d≤A，是本申请实施例中最优选项，且不仅仅限制于此。需要说明的是对于一般场合满足金属蜂窝芯压缩强度曲线波动不高的设计时，本申请有益效果也比较显著，这种情况下d的取值大于蜂窝单元节点处的边长A，d的取值直接影响压缩强度曲线波动，具体是d的取值越大，蜂窝芯材压缩强度曲线波动越大，直至压缩失效没有现实意义。
从以上描述中，可以看出通过焊点之间d值的变化与分布，可以微调蜂窝的压溃强度以及蜂窝压溃强度的波动，具体是d值越小，压溃强度波动越小。
从以上描述中也可以看出蜂窝节点上两列焊点大于单列焊点的压溃强度，也就是随着蜂窝焊点水平方向排列增加，蜂窝的压缩强度曲线越稳定，波动越小，设计可控性就越好。
从以上描述中，可以看出，本发明专利采用激光穿孔点焊，通过调整d的值可以满足蜂窝压强度和蜂窝缩曲线微调的设计要求。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述蜂窝芯材由多条蜂窝波带焊接形成，包括多个蜂窝单元，所述蜂窝波带包括连续设置的自由边和节点边，对应焊接在一起的所述节点边形成蜂窝单元节点，且所述蜂窝单元节点是通过激光或电阻点焊焊接，所述点焊的焊点均匀分布，垂直于所述蜂窝单元的横截面方向上两个相邻焊点的距离为d，所述蜂窝单元节点处的边长为A，所述d的取值≤A的值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，形成所述蜂窝单元节点的所述节点边沿垂直于所述横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，形成所述蜂窝单元节点的两条所述节点边沿垂直于所述横截面的方向上均设置有凹凸条带，其中一条所述节点边上的凹凸条带与对应焊接在一起的所述节点边的凹凸条带相嵌合；或者
    形成所述蜂窝单元节点的一条所述节点边沿垂直于所述横截面的方向上设置有凹凸条带，对应焊接在一起的另一条所述节点边不设置凹凸条带。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述蜂窝单元节点上凹凸条带的条数为2条或多条。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述凹凸条带设置在至少一个所述蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，焊点分布在所述直段的中间。
  6. 根据权利要求2或3所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述凹凸条带设置在至少一个所述蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为正反异向弧形段，所述焊点分布在两侧的正反异向弧形段上；
    或者，所述焊点分布在两侧的正反异向弧形段上和所述直段的中间。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述凹凸条带设置在至少一个所述蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在所述直段的中间。
  8. 根据权利要求2或3所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述凹凸条带设置在至少一个所述蜂窝单元节点的两边，中间为直段，两侧为同向弧形段，焊点分布在两侧的同向弧形段上；
    或者，所述焊点分布在两侧的同向弧形段上和所述直段的中间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述蜂窝芯材的材质为金属，所述金属包括有色金属和黑色金属；所述有色金属包括钛合金、铝或镁合金，所述黑色金属包括碳钢、不锈钢或高温合金。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的蜂窝芯材，其特征在于，所述点焊焊接时采用焊点中间形成孔洞，四周形成熔核的焊接方式，或者预先在所述蜂窝波带上通过冲压或滚压或切割的开孔方式进一步来控制调节蜂窝压溃曲线波动与蜂窝芯材的比强度。
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