WO2023000569A1 - 废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备 - Google Patents

废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023000569A1
WO2023000569A1 PCT/CN2021/133273 CN2021133273W WO2023000569A1 WO 2023000569 A1 WO2023000569 A1 WO 2023000569A1 CN 2021133273 W CN2021133273 W CN 2021133273W WO 2023000569 A1 WO2023000569 A1 WO 2023000569A1
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Prior art keywords
wet stripping
powder
positive
pole powder
wet
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PCT/CN2021/133273
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王振云
吴光辉
单欢乐
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湖南江冶机电科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023000569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000569A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/01—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons
    • B01D33/03—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons with vibrating filter elements
    • B01D33/0346—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with translationally moving filtering elements, e.g. pistons with vibrating filter elements with flat filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/70—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D33/76—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation having feed or discharge devices for discharging the filter cake, e.g. chutes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waste lithium battery pole powder wet stripping equipment.
  • Scrapped lithium-ion batteries contain lithium hexafluorophosphate, organic carbonates, heavy metals such as cobalt, lithium, copper, and plastics, all of which are valuable resources and have extremely high recycling value.
  • waste power lithium-ion batteries there are mainly two ways to recycle waste power lithium-ion batteries: one is cascade utilization, and the other is dismantling and recycling. Batteries whose capacity has dropped below 50% cannot be used any longer. They can only be disassembled and recycled as resources. , At the same time, for the cascade utilization of scrapped batteries, they also need to be disassembled and recycled as resources.
  • the dismantling process of scrapped lithium-ion batteries includes mechanical crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, screening, wind separation or hydraulic separation, and wet stripping of electrode powder. , Positive and negative plates, shells, etc. are separated to improve their recycling rate and maximize their economic and social benefits.
  • the function of the wet stripping of the pole powder is that the waste lithium-ion battery has undergone mechanical crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis, screening, wind separation or hydraulic separation to remove the pole powder, positive and negative electrodes, copper pillars, stainless steel, Iron, etc. are divided into several large pieces.
  • the binder has been pyrolyzed and carbonized by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste lithium-ion batteries, the molecules between the electrode powder and the current collector are too small, and the adhesion is extremely strong.
  • the positive and negative electrode sheets that have been separated or hydraulically separated still contain a large amount of electrode powder that has not been completely peeled off.
  • the present invention provides a waste lithium battery pole powder wet stripping equipment with simple structure, safety and reliability, and high recovery rate.
  • a waste lithium battery pole powder wet stripping equipment including a wet stripping cycle device for soaking the positive and negative electrodes in dilute acid and collecting the bottom pole powder; used for salvage wet stripping
  • the wet stripping mesh belt machine for the soaked positive and negative electrodes in the circulation device; the wet stripping vibrating screen for washing the positive and negative electrodes to make the electrode powder adhered to the surface wash and peel off; used to collect the peeled off electrodes
  • the pole powder collection tank of the powder; the wet stripping circulation device, the wet stripping mesh belt machine, the wet stripping vibrating screen, and the pole powder collection tank are connected in sequence.
  • the above waste lithium battery pole powder wet stripping equipment, the wet stripping cycle device includes a shell, the shell is provided with an acid solution, the bottom of the shell is horizontally equipped with a pole powder collection screw, and the shell is equipped with a motor and a reducer.
  • the reducer drives the spiral rotation of the pole powder collection.
  • the bottom of the housing is provided with a collection bin.
  • the collection bin is provided with the first pole powder outlet and the bottom discharge port.
  • the lower part of the side of the housing is provided with an acid discharge port.
  • a feed port the upper part of the side of the shell is provided with an overflow port and an acid return port
  • the first electrode powder outlet is connected to the sludge pump
  • the sludge pump is connected to the acid return port through a pipeline
  • a filter is provided in the pipeline
  • the bottom The acid liquid discharged from the discharge port enters the pipeline, and the acid liquid is filtered by the filter in the pipeline and then flows back into the shell through the acid liquid return port to realize the internal circulation of dilute acid.
  • the top of the casing is provided with an acid mist discharge port, an observation window, an acid supplement inlet and a backup port.
  • the wet stripping mesh belt machine adopts a Z-shaped orifice plate conveyor belt, which includes a horizontal section, a lifting section, and a discharge section connected in sequence, and the horizontal section is located in the acid solution of the shell.
  • the conveying motor drives the entire wet stripping mesh belt machine to rotate, and will fall to the wet stripping net.
  • the positive and negative electrodes on the belt machine are sent to the wet stripping vibrating screen.
  • the above waste lithium battery electrode powder wet stripping equipment, the discharge section is provided with a first spray pipe, and the rear end of the first spray pipe is provided with a cleaning device for preventing the positive and negative electrodes from returning to the bottom of the wet stripping cycle device .
  • the wet stripping vibrating screen includes a screen body, the screen body is provided with a vibrator, the screen body is installed on a fixed frame through a shock absorber, and the top of one side of the screen body is provided with a second Two feed ports, the other side of the sieve body is provided with a pole piece outlet, the sieve body is provided with a screen, one end of the screen is located directly below the second feed port, the other end of the screen is connected to the pole piece outlet, the A second spray pipe is provided in the middle of the top of the sieve body, and a second electrode powder outlet is provided at the bottom of the sieve body, and the second electrode powder outlet is connected to the electrode powder collection tank through the electrode powder chute.
  • the screen adopts a double-layer filter structure, the upper filter has large filter holes, and the lower filter has small filter holes.
  • the present invention is equipped with sequentially connected wet-stripping circulation device, wet-stripping mesh belt machine, wet-stripping vibrating screen, and pole powder collection tank, and performs short-term After pickling soaking, liquid scouring, and wet screening, the electrode powder adhered to the positive and negative electrodes can be peeled off, and the peeling rate can reach more than 97%. The powder is completely stripped from the positive and negative electrodes, which improves the recovery rate of the electrode powder and maximizes the economic and social benefits.
  • the whole process of feeding, discharging, and electrode powder peeling and falling off in the present invention is fully automatic; the consumption of dilute acid is small, it can be recycled, the amount of subsequent acid treatment is small, and the operating cost is low.
  • the whole process is carried out in a closed cavity.
  • the acid mist can be discharged through the acid mist discharge port on the top of the wet stripping circulation device.
  • the equipment has good environmental protection effect.
  • the positive and negative electrodes soaked in the wet stripping circulation device are lifted out by the mesh belt machine, which can prevent the positive and negative electrodes (copper foil, aluminum foil) from being entangled with each other, and is conducive to the peeling off of the electrode powder adhered to the surface of the electrode sheet, and also It is conducive to the subsequent separation of the two materials.
  • Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a left side view of Fig. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the wet stripping circulation device in FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 5 is a left side view of Fig. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 4 .
  • Fig. 7 is a front view of the wet stripping mesh belt machine in Fig. 1 .
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 7 .
  • Fig. 9 is a front view of the wet peeling vibrating screen in Fig. 1 .
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 9 .
  • a waste lithium battery pole powder wet stripping equipment includes a wet stripping cycle device 1 for soaking the positive and negative electrodes in dilute acid and collecting the bottom pole powder; used for salvage wet stripping
  • the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 for the soaked positive and negative electrode sheets in the circulation device 1; the wet stripping vibrating screen 3 for washing the positive and negative electrode sheets to make the electrode powder adhered to the surface peel off;
  • the pole powder collection tank 4 for the shedding pole powder; the wet stripping circulation device 1, the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2, the wet stripping vibrating screen 3, and the pole powder collection tank 4 are connected in sequence.
  • the wet stripping circulation device 1 includes a housing 5, in which an acid solution is provided, a pole powder collection screw 6 is horizontally arranged in the lower part of the housing 5, and a screw 6 is arranged outside the housing 5.
  • the motor 7 and the reducer the motor 7 drives the pole powder collection screw 6 to rotate through the reducer, the inner bottom of the housing 5 is provided with a collection bin 8, and the collection bin 8 is provided with a first pole powder outlet 9 and a bottom discharge port 10.
  • the lower part of the side is provided with an acid discharge port 11
  • the top of the housing 5 is provided with a first feed port 12
  • the upper part of the side of the housing 5 is provided with an overflow port 13 and an acid return port 14, and the first electrode powder outlet 9 Docking with the thin mud pump
  • the thin mud pump is connected to the acid liquid return port 14 through a pipeline
  • a filter is installed in the pipe
  • the acid liquid discharged from the bottom discharge port 10 enters the pipe, and the acid liquid passes through the acid liquid return port 14 after being filtered by the filter in the pipe
  • Returning to the shell 5 reduces the consumption of dilute acid and realizes the internal circulation of dilute acid.
  • the top of the housing 5 is provided with an acid mist discharge port 15 , an observation window 16 , an acid replenishing inlet 17 and a backup port 18 .
  • the pole powder collecting screw 6 and the collecting bin 8 can collect the pole powder sinking to the bottom together to improve the conveying efficiency of the slurry pump, and reduce the single operation time and the number of starts and stops of the pump.
  • the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 includes a horizontal section 21, a lifting section 22 and a discharge section 23 connected in sequence, the horizontal section 21 is located in the acid solution of the housing 5, and the lifting section 22 The lower part is located in the acid solution, the upper part of the lifting section 22 is located outside the housing 5, and the discharge section 23 is located outside the housing 5 and connected to the wet stripping vibrating screen 3; the conveying motor 24 drives the whole wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 to rotate, and the falling The positive and negative plates on the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 are sent to the wet stripping vibrating screen 3.
  • the discharge section 23 is provided with a first spray pipe 25, which can wash off the positive and negative electrodes attached to the mesh belt; The cleaning device 26 at the bottom of the circulation device 1 is stripped.
  • the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 adopts a Z-shaped orifice conveyor belt, which has the ability to lift materials at a large angle, so that the horizontal section 21 of the mesh belt machine stagnated in the wet stripping circulation device 1 is extended, which is convenient for dismounting.
  • the sinking positive and negative electrodes are scattered and stacked, which is beneficial to the soaking effect of the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the material is lifted at a large angle to make the material conveyed evenly.
  • the discharge port 27 will not be blocked by a large amount of accumulation, so that the subsequent wet stripping vibrating screen 3
  • the material is uniform, and the spray washing effect is better.
  • the wet stripping vibrating screen 3 comprises a sieve body 31, the sieve body 31 is provided with a vibrator 32, the sieve body 31 is installed on a fixed mount 34 by a shock absorber 33, the sieve body 31 The top of one side is provided with a second feed port 35, and the other side of the sieve body 31 is provided with a pole piece outlet 36.
  • a screen 37 is arranged inside the screen body 31, and one end of the screen cloth 37 is located at the front of the second feed port 35.
  • the other end of the sieve 37 is connected to the pole piece outlet 36, a second spray pipe 38 is provided in the middle of the top of the sieve body 31, a second pole powder outlet 39 is provided at the bottom of the sieve body 31, and the second pole powder outlet 39 passes through
  • the pole powder chute 40 is connected to the pole powder collecting tank 4 .
  • Described sieve 37 adopts double-layer filter screen structure, and upper filter screen filter hole is big, and lower layer filter screen filter hole is small, and individual big among the positive and negative electrode sheets walks on upper filter screen, and individual small falls to lower layer filter screen and walks,
  • This structure can double the material stacking area in a limited space, can effectively prevent the filter screen from clogging, and is conducive to the spray liquid flowing out through the filter screen and the spray liquid to take away the powder.
  • the positive and negative electrode sheets after mechanical crushing, high temperature pyrolysis, screening, wind separation or hydraulic separation of the waste lithium ion battery in the early stage are discharged from the first feed port 12 of the wet stripping circulation device 1 Falling, the wet stripping circulation device 1 is equipped with a dilute acid solution, and the falling positive and negative electrodes slowly sink to the bottom of the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 in the acid solution, and the electrode powder adhered to the positive and negative electrodes is Under the action of dilute acid immersion, the pole piece is separated, and the mesh belt of the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 has numerous small holes, and the pole powder can fall to the bottom of the wet stripping circulation device 1 through the small holes.
  • the pole powder at the bottom can be collected into the bottom collection bin 8.
  • the pole powder outlet is connected with a mud pump, filter, etc., and can be extracted after being transported by the mud pump and filtered by the filter, and the acid liquid pumped out passes through the acid liquid return port 14 flows back into the wet stripping circulation device 1, the dilute acid consumption or replacement can be replenished from the acid supplement inlet 17, and the dilute acid replacement in the device can be discharged from the bottom discharge port 10 and the acid liquid discharge port 11, sinking to the wet method
  • the positive and negative plates on the stripping mesh belt machine 2 can be put out to the wet stripping vibrating screen 3 through the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2;
  • the positive and negative plates soaked in the wet stripping circulation device 1 sink to the horizontal section 21 of the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2, and are lifted by the circulating orifice conveyor belt, and pass through the lifting section 22 and the discharge section 23 After falling to the discharge port 27, because the positive and negative plates are very thin, part of the positive and negative plates will be pasted on the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2, and the discharge section 23 of the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 is provided with a first
  • the spray pipe 25 can wash away the flakes pasted on the mesh belt, and a cleaning device 26 is also provided at the rear end of the spray pipe to prevent the pole piece from returning to the bottom of the wet stripping circulation device 1, and the pole powder adhered to the pole piece During the transfer process, there is a relative flow between the diluted acid and the further scouring effect, and the peeled off powder falls from the plate hole of the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 to the bottom of the wet stripping circulation device 1;
  • the positive and negative electrode sheets proposed by the wet stripping mesh belt machine 2 fall from the second feed port 35 of the wet stripping vibrating screen 3, and the positive and negative electrode sheets advance slowly under the action of the vibrator 32, and are attached to the positive and negative electrode sheets Due to the reduced adhesion of the extreme powder after soaking in dilute acid, the extreme powder is washed and peeled off under the spraying action, and then flows out from the second extreme powder outlet 39 together with the spray liquid, and then flows into the extreme powder collection tank through the extreme powder chute 40 4;
  • the pole powder flowing into the pole powder collection tank 4 sinks to the bottom of the tank and is pumped to the subsequent slurry mixing equipment or filter press equipment through the mud pump at the bottom of the collection tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，包括用于正负极片稀酸浸泡和收集底部极粉的湿法剥离循环装置；用于打捞湿法剥离循环装置内经浸泡后的正负极片的湿法剥离网带机；用于冲洗正负极片，使其表面粘附的极粉冲洗剥落的湿法剥离振动筛；用于收集剥离脱落的极粉的极粉收集罐；所述湿法剥离循环装置、湿法剥离网带机、湿法剥离振动筛、极粉收集罐依次连接。本发明对风力分选或水力分选出来的正负极片进行短时间酸洗浸泡、液体冲刷、湿法筛分后可将粘附在正负极片上的极粉剥离脱落，剥离率可达97％以上，本装备就是为了满足极粉湿法剥离工艺要求，使极粉从正负极片上完全剥离，提高了极粉回收率，使得经济效益和社会效益最大化。

Description

废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备。
背景技术
我国已经成为全球最大新能源汽车市场，2014年电动汽车销售量为7万辆，2015年为30万辆，2016年达到50万辆。随着电动汽车关键部件电池使用寿命逐渐到期，动力电池报废量也越来越大。2020年我国动力电池累计的退役总量达到了约20万吨，而到2025年这一数字将升至约78万吨。
报废的锂离子电池内含有六氟磷酸锂、碳酸酯类有机物以及钴、锂、铜等重金属及塑料均是宝贵资源，具有极高的回收价值。目前废旧动力锂离子电池回收主要有2种方式：一是梯次利用、二是拆解回收，对电池容量下降到50％以下的电池无法继续使用，只能将电池进行拆解并资源化回收利用，同时对于梯次利用报废的电池，最终也需要进行拆解及资源化回收利用。
报废的锂离子电池拆解过程包括机械破碎、高温热解、筛分、风力分选或水力分选、极粉湿法剥离等工艺组成，其目地是将电池中回收再利用价值高的极粉、正负极片、外壳等分离出来，提高其回收利用率，使其经济效益和社会效益最大化。
极粉湿法剥离的作用是废锂离子电池经前期机械破碎、高温热解、筛分、风力分选或水力分选后已将电池中的极粉、正负极片、铜柱、不锈钢、铁等分成了几大块，废锂离子电池虽然经高温热解后已将粘结剂高温热解碳化，但极粉与集流体之间的分子太小，粘附力极强，通过风力分选或水力分选出来的正 负极片上仍含有大量极粉尚未完全剥离。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种结构简单、安全可靠、回收率高的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案是：一种废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，包括用于正负极片稀酸浸泡和收集底部极粉的湿法剥离循环装置；用于打捞湿法剥离循环装置内经浸泡后的正负极片的湿法剥离网带机；用于冲洗正负极片，使其表面粘附的极粉冲洗剥落的湿法剥离振动筛；用于收集剥离脱落的极粉的极粉收集罐；所述湿法剥离循环装置、湿法剥离网带机、湿法剥离振动筛、极粉收集罐依次连接。
上述废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，所述湿法剥离循环装置包括壳体，壳体内设有酸液，壳体内下部水平设置极粉汇集螺旋，壳体外部设有电机和减速机，电机通过减速机带动极粉汇集螺旋旋转，壳体内底部设有收集仓，收集仓中设有第一极粉出口和底部排放口，壳体侧面下部设有酸液排放口，壳体顶部设有第一进料口，所述壳体侧面上部设有溢流口和酸液回流口，第一极粉出口与稀泥泵对接，稀泥泵通过管道连接酸液回流口，管道中设有过滤器，底部排放口排出的酸液进入管道，酸液经管道中的过滤器过滤后通过酸液回流口回流至壳体内，实现稀酸内循环。
上述废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，所述壳体顶部设有酸雾排放口、观察视窗、补酸入口和备用口。
上述废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，所述湿法剥离网带机采用Z字形孔板输送带，其包括依次连接的水平段、提升段和出料段，水平段位于壳体的酸液中， 提升段下部位于酸液中，提升段上部位于壳体外，出料段位于壳体外并连接湿法剥离振动筛；输送电机带动整个湿法剥离网带机转动，将下落至湿法剥离网带机上的正负极片送至湿法剥离振动筛。
上述废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，所述出料段设有第一喷淋管，第一喷淋管后端设有用于防止正负极片回至湿法剥离循环装置底部的清扫装置。
上述废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，所述湿法剥离振动筛包括筛体，筛体上设有振动器，筛体通过减振器安装在固定架上，筛体一侧顶部设有第二进料口，筛体另一侧设有极片出口，所述筛体内设有筛网，筛网的一端位于第二进料口正下方，筛网的另一端连接极片出口，所述筛体顶部中间设有第二喷淋管，筛体底部设有第二极粉出口，第二极粉出口通过极粉溜槽连接极粉收集罐。
上述废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，所述筛网采用双层滤网结构，上层滤网滤孔大，下层滤网滤孔小。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明设有依次连接的湿法剥离循环装置、湿法剥离网带机、湿法剥离振动筛、极粉收集罐，对风力分选或水力分选出来的正负极片进行短时间酸洗浸泡、液体冲刷、湿法筛分后可将粘附在正负极片上的极粉剥离脱落，剥离率可达97％以上，本装备就是为了满足极粉湿法剥离工艺要求，使极粉从正负极片上完全剥离，提高了极粉回收率，使得经济效益和社会效益最大化。
2、本发明整个进料、出料、极粉剥离脱落过程全自动完成；稀酸耗损少，可循环回用，后续酸液处理量少，运营成本低。
3、本发明工作时整个过程都在封闭的容腔中进行，酸雾可通过湿法剥离循环装置顶部的酸雾排放口排出，该排放口可接酸雾处理系统，无酸雾外溢，整 个装备环保效果好。
4、湿法剥离循环装置内浸泡的正负极片通过网带机提出，可防止正负极片(铜箔、铝箔)之间相互缠绕，有利于极片表面粘附的极粉剥落，也有利于后续两种材质的分离。
附图说明
图1为本发明的主视图。
图2为图1的左视图。
图3为图1的俯视图。
图4为图1中湿法剥离循环装置的主视图。
图5为图4的左视图。
图6为图4的俯视图。
图7为图1中湿法剥离网带机的主视图。
图8为图7的俯视图。
图9为图1中湿法剥离振动筛的主视图。
图10为图9的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1-图3所示，一种废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，包括用于正负极片稀酸浸泡和收集底部极粉的湿法剥离循环装置1；用于打捞湿法剥离循环装置1内经浸泡后的正负极片的湿法剥离网带机2；用于冲洗正负极片，使其表面粘附的极粉冲洗剥落的湿法剥离振动筛3；用于收集剥离脱落的极粉的极粉收集罐4；所述湿法剥离循环装置1、湿法剥离网带机2、湿法剥离振动筛3、极粉收集罐 4依次连接。
如图4-图6所示，所述湿法剥离循环装置1包括壳体5，壳体5内设有酸液，壳体5内下部水平设置极粉汇集螺旋6，壳体5外部设有电机7和减速机，电机7通过减速机带动极粉汇集螺旋6旋转，壳体5内底部设有收集仓8，收集仓8中设有第一极粉出口9和底部排放口10，壳体5侧面下部设有酸液排放口11，壳体5顶部设有第一进料口12，所述壳体5侧面上部设有溢流口13和酸液回流口14，第一极粉出口9与稀泥泵对接，稀泥泵通过管道连接酸液回流口14，管道中设有过滤器，底部排放口10排出的酸液进入管道，酸液经管道中的过滤器过滤后通过酸液回流口14回流至壳体5内降低稀酸耗量，实现稀酸内循环。
所述壳体5顶部设有酸雾排放口15、观察视窗16、补酸入口17和备用口18。极粉汇集螺旋6和收集仓8能将沉入底部的极粉收集在一起提高稀泥泵输送效率，减少泵单次运转时间和启停次数。
如图7、图8所示，所述湿法剥离网带机2包括依次连接的水平段21、提升段22和出料段23，水平段21位于壳体5的酸液中，提升段22下部位于酸液中，提升段22上部位于壳体5外，出料段23位于壳体5外并连接湿法剥离振动筛3；输送电机24带动整个湿法剥离网带机2转动，将下落至湿法剥离网带机2上的正负极片送至湿法剥离振动筛3。所述出料段23设有第一喷淋管25，可冲洗掉贴附在网带上的正负极片；第一喷淋管25后端设有用于防止正负极片回至湿法剥离循环装置1底部的清扫装置26。
湿法剥离网带机2采用Z字形孔板输送带，Z字形孔板输送带具有大角度提升物料的能力，使滞留在湿法剥离循环装置1内的网带机水平段21延长，便于下沉的正负极片散开堆放，有利于正负极片的浸泡效果，同时大角度提升物 料能使物料输送均匀，出料口27不会大量堆积堵塞，使后续湿法剥离振动筛3进料均匀，喷淋冲洗效果更好。
如图9、图10所示，所述湿法剥离振动筛3包括筛体31，筛体31上设有振动器32，筛体31通过减振器33安装在固定架34上，筛体31一侧顶部设有第二进料口35，筛体31另一侧设有极片出口36，所述筛体31内设有筛网37，筛网37的一端位于第二进料口35正下方，筛网37的另一端连接极片出口36，所述筛体31顶部中间设有第二喷淋管38，筛体31底部设有第二极粉出口39，第二极粉出口39通过极粉溜槽40连接极粉收集罐4。
所述筛网37采用双层滤网结构，上层滤网滤孔大，下层滤网滤孔小，正负极片中个体大的在上层滤网行走，个体小的落到下层滤网行走，此结构可在有限空间增加一倍物料堆放面积，能有效防止滤网堵塞，有利于喷淋液穿过滤网流出，有利于喷淋液带走极粉。
本发明的工作过程如下：
废锂离子电池前期经机械破碎、高温热解、筛分、风力分选或水力分选后的正负极片(铜箔和铝箔混合物)从湿法剥离循环装置1的第一进料口12落入，湿法剥离循环装置1内装有稀酸溶液，落入的正负极片在酸液中缓慢下沉至底部的湿法剥离网带机2，正负极片上粘附的极粉在稀酸浸泡作用下脱离极片，湿法剥离网带机2的网带有无数小孔，极粉可通过小孔下落至湿法剥离循环装置1底部，装置底部设置有极粉汇集螺旋6，可将底部的极粉汇集至底部收集仓8，极粉出口接有稀泥泵、过滤器等，可通过稀泥泵输送和过滤器过滤后被提取出来，泵出的酸液又经酸液回流口14流回湿法剥离循环装置1内，稀酸消耗或更换可从补酸入口17补入，装置内稀酸更换可从底部排放口10和酸液排放口11 外排，下沉至湿法剥离网带机2网带上的正负极片可通过湿法剥离网带机2提出至湿法剥离振动筛3；
在湿法剥离循环装置1内浸泡的正负极片下沉至湿法剥离网带机2的水平段21，通过循环运转的孔板输送带将其提升，经提升段22和出料段23后下落至出料口27，由于正负极片很薄，部份正负极片会粘贴在湿法剥离网带机2上，湿法剥离网带机2的出料段23设置了第一喷淋管25可冲洗掉粘贴在网带上的薄片，并在喷淋管后端还设置了清扫装置26，防止极片回至湿法剥离循环装置1底部，粘附在极片上的极粉在转运过程中与稀酸之间有相对流动能进一步起到冲刷的作用，剥离脱落的极粉从湿法剥离网带机2的板孔落入湿法剥离循环装置1底部；
经湿法剥离网带机2提出的正负极片从湿法剥离振动筛3第二进料口35落入，正负极片在振动器32的作用下缓慢前进，附着在正负极片上的极粉由于经过稀酸浸泡后粘附力降低，在喷淋作用下极粉被冲洗剥落后随喷淋液一起从第二极粉出口39流出，再通过极粉溜槽40流入极粉收集罐4；
流入极粉收集罐4的极粉沉入罐底后通过收集罐底部的稀泥泵泵至后续调浆设备或压滤设备。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：包括用于正负极片稀酸浸泡和收集底部极粉的湿法剥离循环装置；用于打捞湿法剥离循环装置内经浸泡后的正负极片的湿法剥离网带机；用于冲洗正负极片，使其表面粘附的极粉冲洗剥落的湿法剥离振动筛；用于收集剥离脱落的极粉的极粉收集罐；所述湿法剥离循环装置、湿法剥离网带机、湿法剥离振动筛、极粉收集罐依次连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：所述湿法剥离循环装置包括壳体，壳体内设有酸液，壳体内下部水平设置极粉汇集螺旋，壳体外部设有电机和减速机，电机通过减速机带动极粉汇集螺旋旋转，壳体内底部设有收集仓，收集仓中设有第一极粉出口和底部排放口，壳体侧面下部设有酸液排放口，壳体顶部设有第一进料口，所述壳体侧面上部设有溢流口和酸液回流口，第一极粉出口与稀泥泵对接，稀泥泵通过管道连接酸液回流口，管道中设有过滤器，底部排放口排出的酸液进入管道，酸液经管道中的过滤器过滤后通过酸液回流口回流至壳体内，实现稀酸内循环。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：所述壳体顶部设有酸雾排放口、观察视窗、补酸入口和备用口。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：所述湿法剥离网带机采用Z字形孔板输送带，其包括依次连接的水平段、提升段和出料段，水平段位于壳体的酸液中，提升段下部位于酸液中，提升段上部位于壳体外，出料段位于壳体外并连接湿法剥离振动筛；输送电机带动整个湿法剥离网带机转动，将下落至湿法剥离网带机上的正负极片送至湿法剥离振动筛。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：所述 出料段设有第一喷淋管，第一喷淋管后端设有用于防止正负极片回至湿法剥离循环装置底部的清扫装置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：所述湿法剥离振动筛包括筛体，筛体上设有振动器，筛体通过减振器安装在固定架上，筛体一侧顶部设有第二进料口，筛体另一侧设有极片出口，所述筛体内设有筛网，筛网的一端位于第二进料口正下方，筛网的另一端连接极片出口，所述筛体顶部中间设有第二喷淋管，筛体底部设有第二极粉出口，第二极粉出口通过极粉溜槽连接极粉收集罐。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的废锂电池极粉湿法剥离装备，其特征在于：所述筛网采用双层滤网结构，上层滤网滤孔大，下层滤网滤孔小。
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