WO2023000449A1 - 一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2023000449A1
WO2023000449A1 PCT/CN2021/116474 CN2021116474W WO2023000449A1 WO 2023000449 A1 WO2023000449 A1 WO 2023000449A1 CN 2021116474 W CN2021116474 W CN 2021116474W WO 2023000449 A1 WO2023000449 A1 WO 2023000449A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
agent
emulsion
coupling agent
silane coupling
glass fiber
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PCT/CN2021/116474
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶凤林
刘娟
代毕龙
周红娅
杨萌
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巨石集团有限公司
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Application filed by 巨石集团有限公司 filed Critical 巨石集团有限公司
Priority to MX2022010541A priority Critical patent/MX2022010541A/es
Priority to EP21921648.8A priority patent/EP4375256A1/en
Priority to US17/759,739 priority patent/US20230250017A1/en
Publication of WO2023000449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000449A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/26—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers
    • C03C25/32—Macromolecular compounds or prepolymers obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C03C25/36—Epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
    • C03C25/40—Organo-silicon compounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of glass fiber sizing agent, in particular to a glass fiber sizing agent for lighting boards and its preparation method and application.
  • Glass fiber reinforced polyester lighting board has the advantages of high light transmittance, high impact resistance, light weight (only half of glass), corrosion resistance, aging resistance, energy saving and environmental protection, etc.
  • the products can be widely used in roof lighting of buildings.
  • daylighting panels are also widely used in the construction of greenhouses such as three-dimensional cultivation, scientific research and seedling cultivation, ecological restaurants, leisure sightseeing, and vegetable planting.
  • Glass fiber sizing can effectively change the surface properties and defects of glass fiber. For various products, there must be a special sizing to match it, and endow the glass fiber with the necessary technical properties, such as dispersibility, permeability, and stiffness. , cutability, light transmittance, etc., also determine the performance of glass fiber products, such as appearance uniformity, mechanical strength, service life, etc.
  • the glass fiber sizing agent used for lighting panels the stiffness of the produced glass fiber roving exceeds 130mm, and the dispersion is good, but the soaking speed exceeds 15 seconds, and the production of lighting panels is poorly soaked, and there are many white threads.
  • the light transmittance of the produced board is 80% low; the stiffness of the other glass fiber roving is less than 115mm, and the soaking speed is less than 8 seconds, but the dispersion is very bad.
  • the intensity fluctuates widely.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a glass fiber sizing for lighting panels.
  • the produced glass fibers not only have a refractive index similar to that of the matrix resin, but also maintain appropriate stiffness and penetration speed, and improve the performance of the lighting panel.
  • the light transmittance and the strength and service life of the composite material are important to provide a glass fiber sizing for lighting panels.
  • a glass fiber sizing agent for lighting boards contains effective components and water; the solid content of the sizing agent is 2-8%; the effective component Contains silane coupling agent, film forming agent, lubricant, antistatic agent and pH value regulator, and the percentage of the solid mass of each effective component to the solid mass of the wetting agent is expressed as follows:
  • described silane coupling agent comprises first silane coupling agent and second silane coupling agent
  • described first silane coupling agent is benzylaminosilane coupling agent
  • described second silane coupling agent It is a methacryloyloxysilane coupling agent, and the mass ratio of the first silane coupling agent to the second silane coupling agent is 1:15 ⁇ 2:3.
  • the percentage of the solid mass of each effective component in the solid mass of the wetting agent is expressed as follows:
  • the benzylaminosilane coupling agent is ⁇ -benzyl- ⁇ -aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -vinylbenzyl- ⁇ -aminoethyl- One or more of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane;
  • the methacryloxysilane coupling agent is ⁇ -methacryloxyaminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methyl One or more of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.
  • the film forming agent includes epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion, wherein the solid mass ratio of the epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion is 1:12 ⁇ 2:1.
  • the lubricant is one or more of coconut oil fatty acid amine, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide, tetraethylene pentylamine stearic acid condensate, lauryl diethanolamide, dodecyl triethanolamine ammonium sulfate kind.
  • the antistatic agent is lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride antistatic agent, dodecyl ethanolamine sulfonate ammonium antistatic agent, octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl nitrate Antistatic agent, cetyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate antistatic agent, lauryl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate antistatic agent, polyoxyethylene fatty amine ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate antistatic agent one or more of.
  • the pH regulator is one or more of acetic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.
  • the solid content of the wetting agent is 2.5-6%; the percentage of the solid mass of each effective component in the solid mass of the wetting agent is expressed as follows:
  • the preparation method of the glass fiber sizing agent for the lighting board comprising the steps of:
  • Pre-dispersed silane coupling agent add an appropriate amount of water to the first container, and adjust the pH to 3.0-4.0 with an appropriate amount of pH regulator. Under stirring conditions, first add the first silane coupling agent to stir and disperse for 20-25 minutes, then Add the second silane coupling agent and stir to disperse for 15-20 minutes;
  • Pre-dissolving the lubricant adding water 10-30 times the mass of the lubricant and a pH regulator 0.5-1.0 times the mass of the lubricant into the second container, then adding the lubricant and stirring to dissolve;
  • Pre-dissolved antistatic agent add antistatic agent to the third container, and dissolve and dilute it with hot water 15 to 20 times its mass;
  • Pre-dissolve film-forming agent add film-forming agent into the fourth container, and dissolve it with water whose mass is 1-2 times;
  • Preparation of wetting agent add water 0.2 to 0.3 times the mass of wetting agent in the preparation kettle, then add dispersed and dissolved silane coupling agent, film forming agent, lubricant, antistatic agent in sequence; finally add the remaining water, Stir well.
  • the preparation method of the glass fiber sizing agent for the lighting board includes the following steps:
  • Pre-dispersed silane coupling agent In the first container, add water whose mass is 15 to 45 times the total mass of the two silane coupling agents, then add a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 3.0 to 4.0, and add in the state of stirring
  • the stirring speed is controlled at 50-150r/min, and the stirring time is 20-25 minutes, and then the second silane coupling agent is slowly added dropwise under the stirring condition, and the dropwise addition is completed and then stirred for 15-20 minutes;
  • Pre-dissolving and diluting the lubricant add water at 90-95°C in an amount 10-30 times the mass of the lubricant in the second container, then add a pH regulator 0.5-1.0 times the mass of the lubricant, and stir until dissolved;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the antistatic agent add the antistatic agent to the third container, and then add 15 to 20 times its mass of water at 85 to 95°C to dissolve and dilute;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the film-forming agent add the film-forming agent into the fourth container, add water 1 to 2 times its mass, dissolve and dilute;
  • Preparation of wetting agent first add water 0.2 to 0.3 times the mass of wetting agent in the preparation kettle, then add dispersed silane coupling agent, dissolved and diluted film forming agent, lubricant, antistatic agent; finally add the rest water, stir for 15-20 minutes.
  • a glass fiber product produced by coating the sizing agent, especially a glass fiber roving produced.
  • the application of the glass fiber product in the field of daylighting board manufacturing is provided.
  • the glass fiber sizing agent for lighting panels of the present application contains effective components and water; the solid content of the sizing agent is 2-8%; the effective components include 3-15% of silane coupling agent, 68-93% of film-forming agent, lubricating 0.5-10.0% of antistatic agent, 1-12% of antistatic agent, 0-5.0% of pH regulator;
  • the silane coupling agent is a combination of benzylaminosilane coupling agent and methacryloxysilane coupling agent, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:15 to 2:3;
  • the film forming agent is a mixture of epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:12-2:1.
  • the glass fiber sizing agent for light panels of the present application contains effective components and water; the solid content of the sizing agent is 2-8%; the effective components include 3-15% of silane coupling agent, 72-92% of film-forming agent, lubricant 0.5-10%, antistatic agent 1-12%, pH regulator 0-5%;
  • the silane coupling agent is a combination of benzylaminosilane coupling agent and methacryloxysilane coupling agent, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:10 to 1:2;
  • the film forming agent is a mixture of epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:12-2:1.
  • the glass fiber sizing agent for lighting panels of the present application contains effective components and water; the solid content of the sizing agent is 2.5-6%; the effective components include 5-10% of silane coupling agent, 73-92% of film-forming agent, Lubricant 0.5-5.0%, antistatic agent 2-8%, pH regulator 0-3%;
  • the silane coupling agent is a combination of benzylaminosilane coupling agent and methacryloxysilane coupling agent, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:10 to 1:2;
  • the film forming agent is a mixture of epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:10 to 1:1;
  • the epoxy emulsion is bisphenol A type epoxy emulsion, bisphenol F type epoxy emulsion, bisphenol One or more of AD type epoxy emulsion, bisphenol S type epoxy emulsion, polyphenol type epoxy emulsion, aliphatic glycidyl ether epoxy emulsion;
  • epoxy ester emulsion is bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate One or more of emulsion, bisphenol A epoxy isocyanate emulsion, bisphenol A epoxy linoleate emulsion, bisphenol A epoxy maleate emulsion.
  • the glass fiber sizing agent for lighting panels of the present application contains effective components and water; the solid content of the sizing agent is 2-8%; the effective components include 3-15% of silane coupling agent, 68-93% of film-forming agent, lubricating 0.5-10.0% of antistatic agent, 1-12% of antistatic agent, 0-5.0% of pH regulator;
  • the silane coupling agent is a combination of benzylaminosilane coupling agent and methacryloxysilane coupling agent, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:15 to 2:3;
  • the film forming agent is a mixture of epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:12 to 2:1;
  • the epoxy emulsion is bisphenol A type epoxy emulsion, bisphenol F type epoxy emulsion, bisphenol One or more of AD type epoxy emulsion, bisphenol S type epoxy emulsion, polyphenol type epoxy emulsion, aliphatic glycidyl ether epoxy emulsion;
  • epoxy ester emulsion is bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate One or more of emulsion, bisphenol A epoxy isocyanate emulsion, bisphenol A epoxy linoleate emulsion, bisphenol A epoxy maleate emulsion;
  • the lubricant is one or more of coconut oil fatty acid amine, tetraethylenepentylamine stearic acid condensate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide, dodecyl triethanolamine ammonium sulfate, and lauryl diethanolamide;
  • the antistatic agent is dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride antistatic agent, dodecyl ethanolamine sulfonate ammonium antistatic agent, octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl nitrate antistatic agent, tendecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl nitrate antistatic agent, One or more of hexaalkyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate antistatic agent, lauryl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate antistatic agent, polyoxyethylene fatty amine ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate antistatic agent ;
  • the pH regulator is one or more of acetic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid; the water is deionized water.
  • the preparation method of preferred example 1 to preferred example 4 comprises the following steps:
  • Pre-dispersed silane coupling agent In the first container, add water whose mass is 30 times the mass of benzylaminosilane coupling agent and methacryloxysilane coupling agent, and add a pH regulator to control the pH At 3.0 ⁇ 4.0, add benzylaminosilane coupling agent under stirring state, control the stirring speed at 50 ⁇ 150r/min, stir for 20 ⁇ 25 minutes, then slowly add methacryloxysilane coupling agent dropwise, while Stir while adding, and stir for another 15 to 20 minutes;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the lubricant add water at 90-95°C in an amount 10-30 times the mass of the lubricant in the second container, then add a pH regulator 0.5-1.0 times the mass of the lubricant, and stir to dissolve;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the antistatic agent add the antistatic agent to the third container, add 15 to 20 times its mass of water at 85 to 95°C, dissolve and dilute;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the film-forming agent add epoxy emulsion to the fourth container, add water 1 to 2 times its mass, dissolve and dilute; add epoxy ester emulsion to the fifth container, add 1 to 2 times its mass water, dissolve and dilute;
  • the silane coupling agent can change the bonding state of the interface between the glass fiber and the matrix resin, and greatly improve the strength and aging resistance of the composite material.
  • the silane coupling agent of the present application is a combination of a benzylaminosilane coupling agent and a methacryloxysilane coupling agent; the combination of the above two silane coupling agents can improve the mechanical properties of the composite material and at the same time affect the wetting agent
  • the refractive index is similar to that of glass, and the light transmittance is improved.
  • the mass ratio of benzylaminosilane coupling agent to methacryloxysilane coupling agent is 1:15 ⁇ 2:3, preferably 1:10 ⁇ 1 :2.
  • the solid mass of the silane coupling agent accounts for 3-15% of the solid mass of the sizing agent, preferably 5-10%. If the proportion of the silane coupling agent is too high, the cost will increase, and if the proportion is too low, the mechanical properties of the composite material will be affected.
  • Benzylaminosilane coupling agent is preferably ⁇ -benzyl- ⁇ -aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -vinylbenzyl- ⁇ -aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl One or more of trimethoxysilane; methacryloxysilane coupling agent is preferably ⁇ -methacryloxyaminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyl One or more of trimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane
  • the film-forming agent is the main component of the glass fiber sizing agent in this application. It has the functions of protecting glass fibers, improving glass fiber cuttability, clustering and compatibility with matrix resin, and is decisive for the continuous production and subsequent application of glass fibers. influences. If the content of film-forming agent is too low, the clustering and dispersibility will be poor; if the content of film-forming agent is too high, the glass fiber yarn will be harder, the penetration speed will be slower, and the hairiness will increase. In the present application, the solid mass of the film-forming agent accounts for 68-93%, preferably 72-92%, and more preferably 73-92% of the solid mass of the sizing agent.
  • the film forming agent is a mixture of epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion, wherein the content ratio of epoxy emulsion and epoxy ester emulsion determines the penetration speed of the glass fiber sizing agent and the stiffness of the glass fiber.
  • Epoxy emulsion is an emulsion made of epoxy resin dissolved in water
  • epoxy ester emulsion is an emulsion made of epoxy ester dissolved in water.
  • the solid mass ratio of the epoxy ester emulsion is 1:12-2:1; preferably, the solid mass ratio of the epoxy emulsion and the epoxy emulsion-modified polyester emulsion is 1:10-1:1.
  • the epoxy emulsion is a bisphenol A type epoxy emulsion; the molecular weight of the epoxy resin is 1100-7200, and the epoxy emulsion made of the epoxy resin of this molecular weight can improve the concentration and dispersibility of the glass fiber; the epoxy emulsion
  • the particle size of the epoxy resin is 0.1-2.0 microns; the acetone dissolution rate of the epoxy resin is greater than 85%; the Tg of the epoxy resin is 6-45°C; the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is 550-3600g/eq; the pH value of the epoxy emulsion It is 2.0 ⁇ 7.0; the viscosity of epoxy emulsion is 150 ⁇ 3000mpa.s.
  • the epoxy ester emulsion is a bisphenol A epoxy ester emulsion; the epoxy ester is one or more of epoxy acrylate, epoxy isocyanate, epoxy linoleate, epoxy maleic acid esterkind, more preferably, epoxy ester is in bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate, bisphenol A type epoxy isocyanate, bisphenol A type epoxy linoleate, bisphenol A type epoxy maleate One or more of them; the particle size of epoxy ester emulsion is 0.2-1.0 microns; the epoxy equivalent of epoxy ester is 500-2200g/eq; epoxy ester can be quickly dissolved in styrene, and the dissolution rate of acetone is 100% ; Tg of epoxy resin is 6 ⁇ 28°C.
  • the refractive index of bisphenol A epoxy emulsion and bisphenol A epoxy ester emulsion is similar to that of the body resin and glass, which can effectively improve the light transmittance of the lighting board.
  • the lubricant used in this application is mainly to ensure the lubricating effect of the glass fiber during wire drawing, post-treatment and use. If the lubricant content is too small, the lubricating effect cannot be achieved, and if it is too much, it will affect the film formation of the sizing agent on the surface of the glass fiber, and It ultimately affects the penetration and compatibility of glass fibers in the reinforcing matrix resin.
  • the lubricant of the present application is preferably one or more of coconut oil fatty acid amine, tetraethylene pentylamine stearic acid condensate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide, lauryl triethanolamine ammonium sulfate and lauryl diethanolamide, which Several lubricants have the advantages of better lubricity and less influence on light transmittance.
  • the solid mass of the lubricant accounts for 0.5-10% of the solid mass of the sizing agent; preferably, the solid mass of the lubricant accounts for 0.5-5% of the solid mass of the sizing agent; more preferably, the solid mass of the lubricant accounts for 0.5-5% of the solid mass of the sizing agent; 1 to 4% of the mass.
  • the antistatic agent of the present application can be preferably compounded with other components in the wetting agent; the antistatic agent is preferably an organic antistatic agent, and the organic antistatic agent is a dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride antistatic agent , ammonium dodecyl ethanolamine sulfonate antistatic agent, octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl nitrate antistatic agent, hexadecyl trimethyl methyl sulfate ammonium antistatic agent, dodecane One or more of trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate antistatic agents, polyoxyethylene fatty amine ethyl ammonium sulfate antistatic agents.
  • the organic antistatic agent is a dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride antistatic agent , ammonium dodecyl ethanolamine sulfonate antistatic agent, octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl nitrate antistatic agent,
  • the pH value adjusting agent of the present application is used for adjusting the pH value of soaking, so that the sizing agent can be better coated on the glass fiber surface;
  • the preferred acetic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid of the pH value adjusting agent one or more.
  • the glass fiber produced by using the glass fiber sizing agent for lighting panels of the present application has the characteristics of moderate penetration speed, good compatibility with matrix resin, high light transmittance, high mechanical strength, and good weather resistance of the lighting panels produced.
  • the penetration speed of the prepared glass fiber is between 8 and 12 seconds, the stiffness is between 115 and 125 mm, the bending strength of the lighting plate is greater than 120 MPa, and the light transmittance of the lighting plate is greater than 80%.
  • the refractive index of the sizing agent of the present application after film formation is between 1.55 and 1.57, which is basically similar to the refractive index of glass fiber and reinforced matrix resin, effectively improving the light transmittance of the composite material.
  • the stiffness of the glass fiber roving produced is about 120mm, the soaking speed is 8-10 seconds, the acetone dissolution rate reaches 90%, the production of lighting panels has less white silk, and the light transmittance is greater than 80%.
  • Pre-dispersed silane coupling agent In the first container, add water whose mass is 30 times the mass of the two silane coupling agents, benzylaminosilane coupling agent and methacryloxysilane coupling agent, and add the pH Regulator, the pH value is controlled at 3.0-4.0, and the benzylaminosilane coupling agent is added under stirring, the stirring speed is controlled at 50-150r/min, stirring for 20-25 minutes, and then the methacryloyloxy group is slowly added dropwise Silane coupling agent, stir while adding, and then stir for 15 to 20 minutes;
  • Pre-dissolving and diluting the lubricant add water at 90-95°C in an amount 10-30 times the mass of the lubricant in the second container, then add acetic acid 0.5-1.0 times the mass of the lubricant, and stir to dissolve;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the antistatic agent add the antistatic agent to the third container, add 15 to 20 times its mass of water at 85 to 95°C, dissolve and dilute;
  • Pre-dissolve and dilute the film-forming agent add epoxy emulsion to the fourth container, add water 1 to 2 times its mass, dissolve and dilute; add epoxy ester emulsion to the fifth container, add 1 to 2 times its mass water, dissolve and dilute;
  • Comparative Examples 1-3 three commonly used glass fiber sizing agents (Comparative Examples 1-3) are selected as comparative examples.
  • the formulations of Comparative Examples 1-3 are shown in Table 2.
  • Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Coupling agent A 0.40 0.40 0.40 Coupling agent B 0.20 / 0.20 Lubricant A 0.30 0.30 0.30 Lubricant B 0.10 0.03 0.10 Inorganic antistatic agent 0.20 0.20 0.20 Organic antistatic agent 0.20 0.20 0.20 Film former A 3.00 / 3.00 Film former B 7.00 / / Film former C / 7.00 5.00 pH regulator 0.30 0.03 0.30 Solid content (%) 4.8 4.5 4.2
  • Coupling agent A is ⁇ -methacryloxyaminopropyltriethoxysilane, model A-174; coupling agent B is cationic benzyl silane, model 1161; lubricant A is fatty amide, model is 88710; lubricant B is PEG400MS; organic antistatic agent is ammonium methyl sulfate, model is DSM AO5620; inorganic antistatic agent is LiNO 3 ; film forming agent A is polyvinyl acetate emulsion, model is N33; film forming agent B is epoxy emulsion, model TX-209; film-forming agent C is unsaturated polyester emulsion, model JS-111; pH adjuster is acetic acid.
  • the wire drawing process adopted in the examples and comparative examples is 3600-hole platinum bushing wire drawing, and finally each raw wire is formed by plying 100 monofilaments, and the diameter of the single fiber is about 12 microns.
  • the drying process adopts hot air drying. Dry time is 12 hours.
  • the final product is 2400Tex.
  • Table 3 shows the performance test results of the glass fiber products produced with the sizing described in Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
  • the combustible content of the glass fiber prepared in the comparative example is basically the same, that is, in the embodiment and the comparative example, the percentage of the solid mass of the sizing agent coated on the surface of the glass fiber to the mass of the glass fiber is basically the same.
  • the glass fibers prepared in each example and comparative example are soaked and the polyester resin type and temperature required for the daylighting panel samples are consistent, so as to compare the properties of the glass fibers in parallel.
  • the stiffness of the glass fiber roving produced by coating with the sizing agent of the present application is 120-128 mm, the penetration speed is 8-14 seconds, which is relatively moderate, and the acetone dissolution rate is greater than 85%, even up to 90%, the production of daylighting boards has less white silk, and the light transmittance is greater than 80%, and the hairiness is less in the process of production and use, while the glass fiber produced by coating the sizing agent in the comparative example has less transmittance.
  • the light rate is low, and the penetration speed is too fast or too slow, which cannot meet the actual production needs. Therefore, compared with the prior art, this application has the advantages of suitable stiffness and penetration speed, high light transmittance of the lighting plate, high strength of the composite material, and long service life.
  • the amount of each active component used in this application is the percentage of the solid mass of each active component to the solid mass of the wetting agent.
  • the four steps of pre-dispersed silane coupling agent, pre-dissolved lubricant, pre-dissolved antistatic agent, and pre-dissolved film-forming agent are not limited to a fixed order, and the four steps can be carried out simultaneously or in any order.
  • the terms "first container”, “second container”, “third container” and “fourth container” are only used to explain the present application more clearly, but not to limit the present application.
  • the glass fiber sizing agent for daylighting panels provided by the present invention, through the optimized design of the formulation of the sizing agent, makes the produced glass fibers have moderate soaking speed, good compatibility with matrix resin, high light transmittance and high mechanical strength of the daylighting panels produced. High, good weather resistance and other characteristics, not only the refractive index is similar to the matrix resin, but also maintain appropriate stiffness and penetration speed, improve the light transmittance of the lighting plate and the strength and service life of the composite material.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂，所述浸润剂包含有效组分和水；所述浸润剂的固含量为2～8％；所述有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：硅烷偶联剂3～15％，成膜剂68～93％，润滑剂0.5～10％，抗静电剂1～12％，pH值调节剂0～5％。本申请还涉及采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的制备方法及浸润剂在玻璃纤维及复合材料领域的应用。与现有技术相比，由本申请浸润剂生产的玻璃纤维产品具有合适的硬挺度和浸透速度，同时，该浸润剂具备较好的折光率，与基体树脂相近，其涂覆的玻璃纤维能提高采光板制品的透光率和复合材料的强度及使用寿命。

Description

一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂及其制备方法和应用
本申请要求在2021年7月23日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202110834791.8、发明名称为“一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂及其制备方法和应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及玻璃纤维浸润剂技术领域，尤其涉及一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
玻璃纤维增强聚脂采光板，具有透光率高，抗撞击强度高，质量轻(比重仅为玻璃的一半)，耐腐蚀、耐老化、节能环保等优点。产品可广泛使用在建筑的屋顶采光方面。随着绿色智能农业的发展，采光板还广泛应用于立体栽培、科研育苗、生态餐厅、休闲观光、蔬菜种植等温室大棚的建设。
玻璃纤维浸润剂能有效地改变玻璃纤维表面性质和缺陷，对各种不同的产品，必须有专用的浸润剂与之配套，赋予玻璃纤维所必需的技术性能，如分散性、浸透性、硬挺度、切割性、透光性等，还决定玻璃纤维制品性能的高低，如外观均匀性、机械强度、使用寿命等。目前采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂存在问题有：生产的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱硬挺度超过130mm，分散性很好，但浸透速度超过15秒以上，生产的采光板出现浸透不良，白丝较多，导致生产板材透光率低80％；另外的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱硬挺度小于115mm，浸透速度小于8秒，但分散性很不好，生产的采光板出现玻璃纤维分散不均，导致玻璃钢制品机械强度波动较大。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂，通过浸润剂配方的优化设计，使生产的玻璃纤维不仅折光率与基体树脂相近，同时保持合适的硬挺度和浸透速度，提高采光板 的透光率和复合材料的强度及使用寿命。
为了实现以上目的，本申请通过以下技术方案实现：
根据本申请的第一个方面，提供了一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂，所述浸润剂包含有效组分和水；所述浸润剂的固含量为2～8％；所述有效组分包含硅烷偶联剂、成膜剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂和pH值调节剂，且所述各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000001
其中，所述的硅烷偶联剂包括第一硅烷偶联剂和第二硅烷偶联剂，所述第一硅烷偶联剂为苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂，所述第二硅烷偶联剂为甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂，所述的第一硅烷偶联剂和所述第二硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:15～2:3。
优选地，所述各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000002
优选地，所述苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂为γ-苯甲基-γ-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-乙烯基苯甲基-γ-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种；所述甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述成膜剂包括环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液，其中，所述环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的固体质量比为1:12～2:1。
优选地，所述的润滑剂为椰子油脂肪酸胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、四乙烯戊胺硬脂酸缩合物、月桂基二乙醇酰胺、十二烷基三乙醇胺硫酸铵中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述的抗静电剂为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基乙醇胺磺酸铵类抗静电剂、十八烷基二甲基羟乙基硝酸盐类抗静电剂、十六烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺乙基硫酸铵类抗静电剂中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述的pH值调节剂为醋酸、柠檬酸、山梨酸、酒石酸、乳酸、磷酸和硫酸中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述浸润剂的固含量为2.5～6％；所述各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000003
根据本申请的第二个方面，提供所述的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
预分散硅烷偶联剂：在第一容器中加入适量水，用适量pH值调节剂调节pH至3.0～4.0，在搅拌条件下，先加入第一硅烷偶联剂搅拌分散20～25分钟，再加入第二硅烷偶联剂并搅拌分散15～20分钟；
预溶解润滑剂：在第二容器中加入润滑剂质量10～30倍的水、润滑剂质量0.5～1.0倍的pH值调节剂，再加入所述润滑剂搅拌溶解；
预溶解抗静电剂：在第三容器中加入抗静电剂，并用其质量15～20倍的热水溶解稀释；
预溶解成膜剂：在第四容器中加入成膜剂，用其质量1～2倍的水溶解；
配制浸润剂：在配制釜中加入浸润剂质量0.2～0.3倍的水，再依次加入分散和溶解的硅烷偶联剂、成膜剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂；最后补加余量的水，搅拌均匀。
更具体的，所述的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
预分散硅烷偶联剂：在第一容器中，加入质量为两种硅烷偶联剂质量总质量15～45倍的水，再加入pH值调节剂调节pH至3.0～4.0，在搅拌状态下加入第一硅烷偶联剂，搅拌速度控制在50～150r/min，搅拌时间为20～25分钟，然后在搅拌条件下缓慢滴加第二硅烷偶联剂，滴加完成再搅拌15～20分钟；
预溶解并稀释润滑剂：在第二容器中加入用量为润滑剂质量10～30倍的90～95℃的水，再加入所述润滑剂质量0.5～1.0倍pH值调节剂，搅拌至溶解；
预溶解并稀释抗静电剂：在第三容器中加入抗静电剂，再加入其质量15～20倍的85～95℃的水，溶解稀释；
预溶解并稀释成膜剂：在第四容器中加入成膜剂，加入其质量1～2倍的水，溶解稀释；
配制浸润剂：在配制釜中先加入浸润剂质量0.2～0.3倍的水，依次加入分散的硅烷偶联剂、溶解并稀释的成膜剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂；最后补加余量的水，搅拌15～20分钟即可。
根据本申请的第三个方面，提供由所述的浸润剂涂覆生产的玻璃纤维产品，尤其是生产的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱。
根据本申请的第四个方面，提供所述的玻璃纤维产品在采光板制造领域内的应用。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例只是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员为没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。需要说明的是，为不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及其特征可以相互任意组合。
下面是根据本申请的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂中所包括的各组分的优选取值范围示例。
优选示例一
本申请的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂包含有效组分和水；浸润剂的固含量为2～8％；有效组分包括硅烷偶联剂3～15％，成膜剂68～93％，润滑剂0.5～10.0％，抗静电剂1～12％，pH值调节剂0～5.0％；
其中，硅烷偶联剂采用苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的组合物，两者质量比为1:15～2:3；
成膜剂为环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的混合物，两者质量比为1:12～2:1。
优选示例二
本申请的光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂包含有效组分和水；浸润剂的固含量为2～8％；有效组分包括硅烷偶联剂3～15％，成膜剂72～92％，润滑剂0.5～10％，抗静电剂1～12％，pH值调节剂0～5％；
其中，硅烷偶联剂采用苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的组合物，两者质量比为1:10～1:2；
成膜剂为环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的混合物，两者质量比为1:12～2:1。
优选示例三
本申请的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂包含有效组分和水；浸润剂的固含量为2.5～6％；有效组分，包括硅烷偶联剂5～10％，成膜剂73～92％，润滑剂0.5～5.0％，抗静电剂2～8％，pH值调节剂0～3％；
其中，硅烷偶联剂采用苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的组合物，两者质量比为1:10～1:2；
成膜剂为环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的混合物，两者质量比为1:10～1:1；环氧乳液为双酚A型环氧乳液、双酚F型环氧乳液、双酚AD型环氧乳液、双酚S型环氧乳液、多酚型环氧乳液、脂肪族缩水甘油醚环氧乳液中的一种或多种；环氧酯乳液为双酚A型环氧丙烯酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧异氰酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧亚麻油酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧顺丁烯酸酯乳液中的一种或多种。
优选示例四
本申请的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂包含有效组分和水；浸润剂的固含量为2～8％；有效组分包括硅烷偶联剂3～15％，成膜剂68～93％，润滑剂0.5～10.0％，抗静电剂1～12％， pH值调节剂0～5.0％；
其中，硅烷偶联剂采用苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的组合物，两者质量比为1:15～2:3；
成膜剂为环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的混合物，两者质量比为1:12～2:1；环氧乳液为双酚A型环氧乳液、双酚F型环氧乳液、双酚AD型环氧乳液、双酚S型环氧乳液、多酚型环氧乳液、脂肪族缩水甘油醚环氧乳液中的一种或多种；环氧酯乳液为双酚A型环氧丙烯酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧异氰酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧亚麻油酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧顺丁烯酸酯乳液中的一种或多种；
润滑剂为椰子油脂肪酸胺、四乙烯戊胺硬脂酸缩合物、聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、十二烷基三乙醇胺硫酸铵、月桂二乙醇酰胺中的一种或多种；
抗静电剂为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基乙醇胺磺酸铵类抗静电剂、十八烷基二甲基羟乙基硝酸盐类抗静电剂、十六烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺乙基硫酸铵类抗静电剂的一种或多种；pH值调节剂为醋酸、柠檬酸、山梨酸、酒石酸、乳酸、磷酸、硫酸中的一种或多种；水为去离子水。
优选示例一～优选示例四的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
预分散硅烷偶联剂：在第一容器中，加入质量为苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂质量30倍的水，加入pH值调节剂，pH值控制在3.0～4.0，搅拌状态下加入苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂，搅拌速度控制在50～150r/min，搅拌20～25分钟，再缓慢滴加甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂，边加边搅拌，再搅拌15～20分钟；
预溶解并稀释润滑剂：在第二容器中加入用量为润滑剂质量10～30倍的90～95℃的水，再加入润滑剂质量0.5～1.0倍pH值调节剂，搅拌溶解；
预溶解并稀释抗静电剂：在第三容器中加入抗静电剂，加入其质量15～20倍的85～95℃的水，溶解稀释；
预溶解并稀释成膜剂：在第四容器中加入环氧乳液，加入其质量1～2倍的水，溶解稀释；在第五容器中加入环氧酯乳液，加入其质量1～2倍的水，溶解稀释；
配制浸润剂：在配制釜中先加入浸润剂质量0.2～0.3倍的水，依次加入分散的苯甲基 氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的混合溶液；然后依次加入稀释的环氧乳液、环氧酯乳液、润滑剂、抗静电剂；最后补加余量的水，搅拌10～15分钟即可。
本申请的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂中各有效组分的作用及含量说明如下：
本申请中，硅烷偶联剂能改变玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面结合状态，大大的提高复合材料强度和耐老化性能。本申请的硅烷偶联剂为苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的组合；上述两种硅烷偶联剂组合，可提高复合材料力学性能，同时对浸润剂折光率与玻璃相近，提高透光率，其中苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:15～2:3，优选为1:10～1:2。硅烷偶联剂的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的3～15％，优选为5～10％，硅烷偶联剂比例太高会增加成本，比例太低会影响复合材料力学性能。
苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂优选γ-苯甲基-γ-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-乙烯基苯甲基-γ-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种；甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂优选γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种
成膜剂为本申请玻璃纤维浸润剂的主要成分，具有保护玻璃纤维、提高玻璃纤维可切割性、集束性以及与基体树脂的相容性的作用，对玻璃纤维的连续生产和后续应用有着决定性影响。成膜剂含量过低，则集束性差，分散性差；成膜剂含量过高，则玻璃纤维纱线偏硬，浸透速度变慢，毛羽量会增加。在本申请中，成膜剂的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的68～93％，优选为72～92％，进一步优选为73～92％。优选地，成膜剂为环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的混合物，其中，环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液两者的含量比例决定了玻璃纤维浸润剂的浸透速度及玻璃纤维硬挺度，对采光板的透光率性能取决定性作用。环氧乳液为环氧树脂溶于水制成的乳液，环氧酯乳液为环氧酯溶于水制成的乳液。环氧树脂比例太高，集束性会比较好，但硬挺度太高，会影响浸透速度；环氧酯比例太高，集束性变差，影响分散性；在本申请中，环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的固体质量比为1:12～2:1；优选地，环氧乳液和环氧乳液改性的聚酯乳液的固体质量比为1:10～1:1。
优选地，环氧乳液为双酚A型环氧乳液；环氧树脂的分子量为1100-7200，该分子量的环氧树脂制成的环氧乳液可以提高玻璃纤维集束性和分散性；环氧乳液的粒径为0.1～2.0微米；环氧树脂的丙酮溶解率大于85％；环氧树脂Tg为6～45℃；环氧树脂的环氧当量为550～3600g/eq；环氧乳液的pH值为2.0～7.0；环氧乳液的粘度为150～3000mpa.s。
优选地，环氧酯乳液为双酚A型环氧酯乳液；环氧酯为环氧丙烯酸酯、环氧异氰酸酯、环氧亚麻油酸酯、环氧顺丁烯酸酯中的一种或多种，更优选地，环氧酯为双酚A型环氧丙烯酸酯、双酚A型环氧异氰酸酯、双酚A型环氧亚麻油酸酯、双酚A型环氧顺丁烯酸酯中的一种或多种；环氧酯乳液的粒径为0.2～1.0微米；环氧酯的环氧当量为500～2200g/eq；环氧酯能够快速溶解于苯乙烯，丙酮溶解率为100％；环氧树脂Tg为6～28℃。
与其他乳液相比，双酚A型环氧乳液和双酚A型环氧酯乳液的折光率与机体树脂及玻璃折光率相近，可以有效提高采光板的透光率。
本申请使用的润滑剂主要是为了保证玻璃纤维在拉丝、后处理以及使用过程的润滑效果，润滑剂含量过少则达不到润滑效果，过多会影响浸润剂在玻璃纤维表面成膜，并最终影响玻璃纤维在增强基体树脂中的浸透和相容性。本申请的润滑剂优选为椰子油脂肪酸胺、四乙烯戊胺硬脂酸缩合物、聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、十二烷基三乙醇胺硫酸铵和月桂二乙醇酰胺中的一种或多种，这几种润滑剂，具有润滑性较好，对透光率影响较小的优点。其中，润滑剂的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的0.5～10％；优选地，润滑剂的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的0.5-5％；更优选地，润滑剂的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的1～4％。
本申请的抗静电剂能较好的与浸润剂中的其他组分进行复配；抗静电剂优选有机抗静电剂，有机抗静电剂为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基乙醇胺磺酸铵类抗静电剂、十八烷基二甲基羟乙基硝酸盐类抗静电剂、十六烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺乙基硫酸铵类抗静电剂中的一种或多种。
本申请的pH值调节剂用于调节浸润的酸碱度，以使得浸润剂能较好的涂覆于玻璃纤维表面上；pH值调节剂优选醋酸、柠檬酸、山梨酸、酒石酸、乳酸、磷酸和硫酸一种或多种。
采用本申请的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂生产的玻璃纤维具有浸透速度适中、与基体树脂的相容性好、生产的采光板透光率高、机械强度高，耐候性好等特点，其涂覆制备的玻璃纤维浸透速度在8～12秒之间，硬挺度在115～125mm之间，采光板弯曲强度大于120MPa，采光板透光率大于80％。
本申请的浸润剂成膜以后的折射率在1.55～1.57之间，与玻璃纤维及增强基体树脂的折射率基本相近，有效提高了复合材料的透光率。生产玻璃纤维无捻粗纱的硬挺度在 120mm左右，浸透速度为8～10秒，丙酮溶解率达到90％，生产的采光板白丝较少，透光率均大于80％。
本申请实施例1～18的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的配方如表1所示。
表1采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的配方
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000005
表1(续)采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的配方
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000008
表1(续)采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂的配方
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000010
实施例1～18的制备方法如下：
预分散硅烷偶联剂：在第一容器中，加入质量为苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂两种硅烷偶联剂质量30倍的水，加入pH值调节剂，pH值控制在3.0～4.0，搅拌状态下加入苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂，搅拌速度控制在50～150r/min，搅拌20～25分钟，再缓慢滴加甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂，边加边搅拌，再搅拌15～20分钟；
预溶解并稀释润滑剂：在第二容器中加入用量为润滑剂质量10～30倍的90～95℃的水，再加入所述润滑剂质量0.5～1.0倍醋酸，搅拌溶解；
预溶解并稀释抗静电剂：在第三容器中加入抗静电剂，加入其质量15～20倍的85～ 95℃的水，溶解稀释；
预溶解并稀释成膜剂：在第四容器中加入环氧乳液，加入其质量1～2倍的水，溶解稀释；在第五容器中加入环氧酯乳液，加入其质量1～2倍的水，溶解稀释；
配制浸润剂：在配制釜中先加入浸润剂质量0.2～0.3倍的水，依次加入预分散的苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂和甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂的混合溶液；然后依次加入预溶解并稀释的环氧乳液、环氧酯乳液、润滑剂、抗静电剂；最后补加余量的水，搅拌10～15分钟即可。
为了进一步说明本申请的有益效果，选择目前常用的三种玻璃纤维浸润剂(对比例1～3)作为对比实施例，对比例1～3的配方如表2所示。
表2对比例1～3的配方表
组分 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
偶联剂A 0.40 0.40 0.40
偶联剂B 0.20 / 0.20
润滑剂A 0.30 0.30 0.30
润滑剂B 0.10 0.03 0.10
无机抗静电剂 0.20 0.20 0.20
有机抗静电剂 0.20 0.20 0.20
成膜剂A 3.00 / 3.00
成膜剂B 7.00 / /
成膜剂C / 7.00 5.00
pH值调节剂 0.30 0.03 0.30
固含量(％) 4.8 4.5 4.2
偶联剂A为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，型号为A-174；偶联剂B为阳离子苄基硅烷，型号为1161；润滑剂A为脂肪酰胺，型号为88710；润滑剂B为PEG400MS；有机抗静电剂为硫酸甲酯铵，型号为DSM AO5620；无机抗静电剂为LiNO 3；成膜剂A为聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液，型号为N33；成膜剂B为环氧乳液，型号TX-209；成膜剂C为不 饱和聚酯乳液，型号JS-111；pH值调节剂为醋酸。
本申请中，实施例和对比例采用的拉丝工艺为3600孔铂金漏板拉丝，最终每根原丝由100单丝合股而成，单纤维直径约为12微米，烘干工艺采用热风烘干，烘干时间为12小时。最终的产品为2400Tex。
表3示出了用实施例1～18以及对比例1～3所述浸润剂生产的玻璃纤维产品的性能测试结果，为保证测试结果的可比性，制样过程中，已保证每个实施例和对比例中制备的玻璃纤维可燃物含量基本相同，即：实施例和对比例中，玻璃纤维表面外涂浸润剂的固体质量占玻璃纤维质量的百分比基本是一致的。另外，已保证每个实施例和对比例中制备的玻璃纤维进行浸透以及采光板样品所需的聚酯树脂类型、温度一致，以便平行对比玻璃纤维的性能。
表3实施例及对比例所述浸润剂涂覆生产的玻璃纤维性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000012
表3(续)实施例及对比例所述浸润剂涂覆生产的玻璃纤维性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000013
注：
Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-000014
从表3的测试结果我们可以看出，使用本申请的浸润剂涂覆生产的玻璃纤维无捻粗纱的硬挺度为120～128mm，浸透速度为8～14秒，较为适中，丙酮溶解率均大于85％，甚至可达到90％，生产的采光板白丝较少，透光率均大于80％，生产使用过程中产生毛羽少，而对比例中的浸润剂涂覆生产的玻璃纤维，其透光率较低，浸透速度过快或过慢，不能满足实际的生产需求。因而与现有技术相比本申请具备合适的硬挺度和浸透速度，采光板的透光率高、复合材料的强度大、使用寿命长等优点。
需要说明的是，本申请中各有效组分的用量均为各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比。本申请中，预分散硅烷偶联剂、预溶解润滑剂、预溶解抗静电剂、预溶解成膜剂这四个步骤不限于固定的顺序，四个步骤可以同时进行，也可以以任意的顺序进行；“第一容器”、“第二容器”、“第三容器”、“第四容器”等术语，只是为了更清楚的说明解释本申请，而不是对本申请的限制。
最后应说明的是：在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意为涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包含一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个…”限定的要素，并不排除为包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
工业实用性
本发明提供的采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂，通过浸润剂配方的优化设计，使生产的玻璃纤维具有浸透速度适中、与基体树脂的相容性好、生产的采光板透光率高、机械强度高，耐候性好等特点，不仅折光率与基体树脂相近，同时保持合适的硬挺度和浸透速度，提高采光板的透光率和复合材料的强度及使用寿命。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种采光板用玻璃纤维浸润剂，其特征在于，所述浸润剂包含有效组分和水；所述浸润剂的固含量为2～8％；所述有效组分包含硅烷偶联剂、成膜剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂和pH值调节剂，且所述各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：
    Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-100001
    其中，所述硅烷偶联剂包括第一硅烷偶联剂和第二硅烷偶联剂，所述第一硅烷偶联剂为苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂，所述第二硅烷偶联剂为甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂，所述第一硅烷偶联剂和所述第二硅烷偶联剂的质量比为1:15～2:3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：
    Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-100002
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述浸润剂的固含量为2.5～6％；所述各有效组分的固体质量占浸润剂固体质量的百分比表示如下：
    Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2021116474-appb-100004
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述苯甲基氨基硅烷偶联剂为γ-苯甲基-γ-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-乙烯基苯甲基-γ-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷偶联剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述成膜剂包括环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液；其中，所述环氧乳液和环氧酯乳液的固体质量比为1:12～2:1。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述环氧乳液为双酚A型环氧乳液、双酚F型环氧乳液、双酚AD型环氧乳液、双酚S型环氧乳液、多酚型环氧乳液、脂肪族缩水甘油醚环氧乳液中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述环氧酯乳液为双酚A型环氧酯乳液。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述环氧酯乳液为双酚A型环氧丙烯酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧异氰酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧亚麻油酸酯乳液、双酚A型环氧顺丁烯酸酯乳液中的一种或多种。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述的润滑剂为椰子油脂肪酸胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酰胺、四乙烯戊胺硬脂酸缩合物、月桂基二乙醇酰胺、十二烷基三乙醇胺硫酸铵中的一种或多种。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述的抗静电剂为十二烷基三甲基氯化铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基乙醇胺磺酸铵类抗静电剂、十八烷基二甲基羟乙基硝酸盐类抗静电剂、十六烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、十二烷基三甲基硫酸甲酯铵类抗静电剂、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺乙基硫酸铵类抗静电剂中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的浸润剂，其特征在于，所述的pH值调节剂为醋酸、柠檬酸、山梨酸、酒石酸、乳酸、磷酸、硫酸中的一种或多种。
  13. 一种如权利要求1～12任一项所述的浸润剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步 骤：
    预分散硅烷偶联剂：在第一容器中加入适量水，用适量pH值调节剂调节pH至3.0～4.0，在搅拌条件下，先加入第一硅烷偶联剂搅拌分散20～25分钟，再加入第二硅烷偶联剂并搅拌分散15～20分钟；
    预溶解润滑剂：在第二容器中加入润滑剂质量10～30倍的热水、润滑剂质量0.5～1.0倍的pH值调节剂，再加入所述润滑剂搅拌溶解；
    预溶解抗静电剂：在第三容器中加入抗静电剂，并用其质量15～20倍的热水溶解稀释；
    预溶解成膜剂：在第四容器中加入成膜剂，用其质量1～2倍的水溶解；
    配制浸润剂：在配制釜中加入浸润剂总质量0.2～0.3倍的水，再依次加入分散和溶解的硅烷偶联剂、成膜剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂；最后补加余量的水，搅拌分散均匀。
  14. 一种如权利要求1～12任一项所述的浸润剂涂覆生产的玻璃纤维产品。
  15. 一种如权利要求14所述的玻璃纤维产品在采光板制造领域内的应用。
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