WO2023000250A1 - 一种防火复合板和一种防火结构 - Google Patents

一种防火复合板和一种防火结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023000250A1
WO2023000250A1 PCT/CN2021/107835 CN2021107835W WO2023000250A1 WO 2023000250 A1 WO2023000250 A1 WO 2023000250A1 CN 2021107835 W CN2021107835 W CN 2021107835W WO 2023000250 A1 WO2023000250 A1 WO 2023000250A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
fireproof composite
fireproof
composite board
insulating layer
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PCT/CN2021/107835
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
童江东
贾杰
张维军
彼得森萨曼莎
Original Assignee
3M创新有限公司
童江东
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Application filed by 3M创新有限公司, 童江东 filed Critical 3M创新有限公司
Priority to CN202180100779.2A priority Critical patent/CN117730000A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/107835 priority patent/WO2023000250A1/zh
Publication of WO2023000250A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000250A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a fireproof composite board and a fireproof structure, more particularly, to a fireproof composite board and a fireproof structure installed with the fireproof composite board.
  • Fireproof composite panels have been widely used in various buildings to prevent the spread of fire and smoke when the building is on fire.
  • Common fireproof composite panels are intumescent fireproof composite panels.
  • Intumescent fire-resistant composite panels are widely used to seal large penetration openings in buildings in order to provide the required fire performance.
  • the currently commonly used intumescent fireproof composite panels usually include a thin steel plate layer, an intumescent insulating layer, an aluminum foil layer, and optionally, a wire mesh layer.
  • the intumescent fireproof composite board When the intumescent fireproof composite board is heated during use, once the temperature reaches the expansion temperature of the intumescent insulation layer, the intumescent insulation layer will start to expand, and its volume expansion can reach 8 to 10 times the initial volume, which can effectively block the through opening , to prevent the spread of fire and smoke through through openings.
  • This intumescent fire-resistant composite panel can provide up to 4 hours of fire integrity and up to 2 hours of fire insulation. However, for different application environments, the fire rating requirements are different, and thus the required fire resistance and heat resistance limits are also different.
  • a commonly used intumescent insulation layer of an intumescent fireproof composite board with high fire performance uses a thicker rubber layer, by mixing neoprene with sodium silicate, and after a long period of time (for example, up to 6 days) Formed by curing process. On the one hand, it takes a long curing process to produce in the manufacturing process, which makes the manufacturing cycle of this kind of fireproof composite board longer, and the price is usually higher. On the other hand, this kind of fireproof composite board is also relatively heavy. If such fire-resistant composite panels with higher protection properties are used in applications with lower protection requirements, it will be wasteful to a certain extent and cannot provide the required protection in a cost-effective manner.
  • intumescent insulating layer of intumescent fire-resistant composite boards uses traditional refractory ceramic fibers.
  • the dust and fine fibers of the refractory ceramic fibers are easily inhaled by the human body, and these fine fibers are not easy to degrade. It is not easy to dissolve in the human body, and may produce carcinogens, endangering human health and the environment.
  • the society pays more and more attention to environmental protection, health and safety. From the perspective of environmental protection, health and safety, it also puts forward corresponding requirements for fireproof composite panels.
  • the purpose of the disclosure is to reduce the manufacturing cost of the fireproof composite board and improve the safety and environmental protection of the fireproof composite board while ensuring the protection performance of the fireproof composite board.
  • One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a fireproof composite board, comprising: a metal layer; an aluminum foil layer; and a bio-soluble insulating layer, and the bio-soluble insulating layer is located between the metal layer and the aluminum foil layer.
  • the biosoluble insulating layer is a layer of biosoluble ceramic fibers, a layer of soluble fibers, a layer of alkaline earth silicate wool, a layer of synthetic glass fibers, a layer of artificial glass fibers, a layer of artificial mineral fibers, a layer of alkaline earth silicate fibers, Magnesium silicate fiber layer, or high temperature insulating cotton layer.
  • the soluble fiber layer is a soluble fiber paper, a soluble fiber sheet, or a soluble fiber blanket.
  • the biosoluble insulating layer comprises a plurality of insulating layers stacked on top of each other.
  • the plurality of insulating layers includes a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer.
  • the metal layer is galvanized steel with a thickness of 0.2 mm to 1 mm; the biosoluble insulating layer is 2 mm to 15 mm thick; and the aluminum foil layer is 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm thick.
  • the thickness of the metal layer is 0.4 mm.
  • the thickness of the aluminum foil layer is 0.05 mm.
  • the thickness of the bio-soluble insulating layer is 5 mm to 8 mm, more preferably, the thickness of the bio-soluble insulating layer is 6 mm.
  • a first adhesive layer is formed between the biosoluble insulating layer and the metal layer
  • a second adhesive layer is formed between the biosoluble insulating layer and the aluminum foil layer, the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer
  • the bonding layer is water-based adhesive or hot melt adhesive.
  • the fireproof structure includes a fireproof composite panel according to the present disclosure, the fireproof composite panel is fixedly installed to the concrete structure to seal the through opening, and the aluminum foil layer of the fireproof composite panel contacts the concrete structure.
  • the fireproof composite board and the fireproof structure of the present disclosure by rationally designing the insulating layer in the fireproof composite board, the manufacturing process of the fireproof composite board is simplified, the cost is effectively reduced, and the weight is reduced, and the required protection performance can be provided in a cost-effective manner , while ensuring the required protective performance, improve the safety and environmental protection of fireproof composite panels.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial sectional view of a fireproof composite panel according to the present disclosure, showing the structure of the fireproof composite panel;
  • Fig. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a fireproof composite panel according to a modified example of the present disclosure, showing the structure of the fireproof composite panel;
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a test bench for testing fireproof composite panels
  • Figure 4 shows a plan view of the fireproof composite panel to be tested for the first time, showing the arrangement of thermocouples on the fireproof composite panel;
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a first test of a fire-resistant composite panel
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a second test on a fire-resistant composite panel.
  • orientation terms used in relation to "upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, and “rear” are the upper and lower positions in the view. , left, right, front and rear orientations are described.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a fireproof composite panel according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a fireproof composite panel 10 according to the present disclosure includes a metal layer 11 , an insulating layer 13 and an aluminum foil layer 15 .
  • the metal layer 11 is made of high temperature resistant metal, such as but not limited to, galvanized steel, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper and the like.
  • the thickness of the metal layer 11 is 0.2 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.4 mm.
  • the insulating layer 13 may be bonded to one side surface (the upper surface in FIG. 1 ) of the metal layer 11 via the first bonding layer 12 .
  • the thickness of the first bonding layer 12 is not particularly required, as long as it can bond the insulating layer 13 to the metal layer 11 .
  • the material and thickness of the insulating layer 13 can be determined according to the fire rating requirements of the specific application environment.
  • the insulating layer 13 is a biosoluble insulating layer, which can be biosoluble ceramic fiber layer, soluble fiber layer, alkaline earth silicate wool layer, synthetic glass fiber layer, artificial glass fiber layer, artificial mineral fiber layer, alkaline earth silicate Fiber layer, magnesium silicate fiber layer, or high temperature insulating cotton layer.
  • the soluble fiber layer is, for example, soluble fiber paper, soluble fiber board, or soluble fiber blanket. These biosoluble insulating layers have excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, and have the characteristics of low thermal conductivity.
  • the biosoluble insulating layers are degradable, and their fine fibers can be quickly dissolved in the human body after being inhaled by the human body. Harm to the human body, safe and environmentally friendly.
  • the biosoluble insulation has a significantly lower weight and, on the other hand, the biosoluble insulation Adhesives are laminated at 110°C for 2 minutes to bond to the metal layer without the need for a lengthy curing process.
  • the insulating layer 13 can be made from commercially available biosoluble insulating products, for example, can be purchased from Zibo Yuwei Refractory Material Co., Ltd. (YUFENG), Shandong Minye Refractory Fiber Co., Ltd. (Minye), for example, Zibo YUFENG produced and sold by Yuwei Refractories Co., Ltd. soluble fiber paper, Soluble plates etc.
  • the insulating layer 13 can also be an intumescent product with a suitable thickness, for example, a fireproof blanket with a trade name of "INTERA I-10" produced by 3M Company can be used.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer 13 is 2 mm to 15 mm, preferably 5 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 6 mm.
  • the aluminum foil layer 15 may be bonded to the insulating layer 13 via the second adhesive layer 14 . Similar to the first adhesive layer 12 , there is no specific requirement on the thickness of the second adhesive layer 14 as long as it can bond the aluminum foil layer 15 to the insulating layer 13 . Both the first adhesive layer 12 and the second adhesive layer 14 can use water-based adhesive or hot-melt adhesive, for example, the adhesive produced by 3M Company with a trade name of “1000NF”. The thickness of the aluminum foil layer 15 is 0.02mm to 0.2mm, preferably 0.05mm.
  • the metal layer 11 is a galvanized steel plate with a thickness of 0.5mm; the insulating layer 13 is made of YUFENG The thickness of the soluble fiber paper is 7mm; the thickness of the aluminum foil layer 15 is 0.05mm, and the first bonding layer 12 and the second bonding layer 14 are all made of the adhesive produced by 3M Company with the product name of "1000NF".
  • the insulating layer 13 may include a plurality of insulating layers bonded to be stacked on each other.
  • FIG. 2 shows a fireproof composite panel 20 according to a modification example of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2 , the fireproof composite board 20 includes a metal layer 21 , an insulating layer 23 and an aluminum foil layer 25 .
  • the metal layer 21 is a galvanized steel sheet with a thickness of 0.5 mm; the thickness of the insulating layer 23 is 14 mm, including a first insulating layer 231 and a second insulating layer 233 bonded to each other, and the first insulating layer 231 and the second insulating layer Layer 233 is YUFENG produced and sold by Zibo Yuwei Refractories Co., Ltd. Soluble fiber paper; the thickness of the aluminum foil layer 25 is 0.05mm.
  • the first insulating layer 231 is bonded to the metal layer 21 through the first bonding layer 22, the second insulating layer 233 is bonded to the first insulating layer 231 through the third bonding layer 26, and the aluminum foil layer 25 is bonded to the metal layer 23 through the second bonding layer.
  • 24 is bonded to the second insulating layer 233 , and the first bonding layer 22 , the second bonding layer 24 and the third bonding layer 26 are all made of "1000NF" adhesive produced by 3M Company.
  • the insulating layer may further include more insulating layers bonded to be stacked on each other, for example, three insulating layers.
  • Both the fireproof composite board 10 and the fireproof composite board 20 can be used to block large penetration openings in buildings to form a fireproof structure with required fireproof performance. throughout the application.
  • a fireproof composite board can be installed on both sides of each through opening to cover the through opening.
  • a fireproof composite panel is installed on one side of the through opening to cover the through opening.
  • the aluminum foil layer of the fireproof composite board contacts the concrete structure where the through opening is located, the metal layer of the fireproof composite board faces outward, and the size of each fireproof composite board is larger than the size of the corresponding through opening, and the periphery of the fireproof composite board Overlap the concrete structure by at least 2 inches and be secured to the concrete structure, such as by fastening screws.
  • the concrete structure is, for example, a floor or a wall of a building provided with through openings.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a test bench for testing the fire performance of a fireproof composite board.
  • the test bench 30 is a horizontal test furnace.
  • the horizontal test furnace is a platform of concrete structure and is provided with a plurality of through openings. The number of through openings can be set according to the number of samples to be tested simultaneously. In the example shown in FIG.
  • each through-opening is a rectangle with the same size, the length is L1, the width is W1, and the interval between the through-openings in the same row along the width direction of the through-opening is S1 , the interval between the first row of through openings and the second row of through openings along the length direction of the through openings is S2, the interval between the first row of through openings and the outer edge of the test bench 30 is S3, and the second row of through openings The distance from the outer edge of the test bench 30 is S4.
  • each through opening has a length L1 of 15 inches, a width W1 of 10 inches, spacings S1 and S2 of 10 inches, and spacings S3 and S4 of 8
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 are schematic diagrams respectively showing the fire performance test of the fireproof composite panel 10 according to the present disclosure.
  • the fireproof composite panel 10 is cut into two rectangular panels with a width of 14 inches and a length of 19 inches, and are respectively installed on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding through opening of the test bench 30, for example, the installation To the upper and lower sides of the first through opening 31 of the test bench 30, the aluminum foil layer 15 of each fireproof composite panel 10 contacts the concrete structure of the test bench 30, and each edge of each fireproof composite panel 10 is in contact with the first through opening 31
  • the perimeter of the concrete structure overlaps with a width of W2, as shown in Figures 4 and 6.
  • the concrete structure of test bench 30 has a thickness D1 of 4.5 inches and an overlap width W2 of 2 inches.
  • thermocouples When testing the fire performance of the fireproof composite board 10 in the application of no cable penetration, three thermocouples, namely, the first thermocouple 41, are installed on the surface of the fireproof composite board 10 installed on the upper side of the first through opening 31 , the second thermocouple 42 and the third thermocouple 43, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 .
  • the first thermocouple 41, the second thermocouple 42 and the third thermocouple 43 are installed on the metal layer 11 of the fireproof composite board 10, and are installed at equal intervals along the center line of the fireproof composite board 10 in the width direction. 42 is located at the center of the fireproof composite board 10 .
  • thermocouple 41 is installed to the first cable 51
  • the second thermocouple 42 is installed to the second cable 52
  • the third thermocouple 43 is installed to the metal layer 11 of the fireproof composite panel 10
  • the coupler 43 is located at an intermediate position between the third cable 53 and the edge of the first through opening 31 .
  • the fireproof composite panel 20 is installed to the corresponding through-opening of the test stand 30 , for example, to the second through-opening 32 . Accordingly, other test samples (e.g., other existing fire protection products) may be installed to other through openings of the test bench 30.
  • fire-resistant composite panel 20 whether it is the no-cable penetration test or the cable penetration test, its fire resistance and heat insulation limit exceeds the test time, and there is no damage to the fire-resistant integrity, that is, until the test is completed, the fire-resistant composite panel Plate 20 has not yet failed.
  • the fireproof composite board 10 and the fireproof composite board 20 according to the present disclosure can provide protection with a limit of fire resistance and heat insulation for 1 hour; in addition, Further, the fireproof composite board 20 can provide protection with a fire resistance and heat insulation limit of 2 hours in the case of no cable penetration. Therefore, both the fireproof composite board 10 and the fireproof composite board 20 according to the present disclosure can meet the protection requirement that the fire resistance and heat insulation limit is 1 hour.
  • the fireproof composite panel 10 according to the present disclosure, the fireproof composite panel 20 according to the modified example, and the fireproof structure installed with the protective composite panel have been described above.
  • the fire-resistant composite panels and fire-resistant structures according to the present disclosure can provide the required protective performance in a cost-effective manner by rationally designing the insulation layers in the fire-resistant composite panels.
  • the bio-soluble insulating layer on the one hand, the manufacturing process of the fire-resistant composite board is simplified, the cost is effectively reduced, and the weight is reduced.
  • the bio-soluble insulating layer is easy to dissolve and can be degraded.

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Abstract

一种防火复合板和一种防火结构。防火复合板（10）包括金属层（11）、铝箔层（15）以及生物可溶性绝缘层（13），生物可溶性绝缘层（13）位于金属层（11）与铝箔层（15）之间。防火结构包括该防火复合板（10），用于封堵建筑物中的贯穿开口。

Description

一种防火复合板和一种防火结构 技术领域
本公开涉及一种防火复合板和一种防火结构，更具体地，涉及一种防火复合板和安装有该防火复合板的防火结构。
背景技术
本部分的内容仅提供了与本公开相关的背景信息，其可能并不构成现有技术。
防火复合板已广泛应用在各种建筑物中，用以防止在建筑物起火时的火势以及烟雾的蔓延。常见的防火复合板为膨胀型防火复合板。膨胀型防火复合板广泛用于封堵建筑物中的较大贯穿开口以期提供所需的防火性能。目前常用的膨胀型防火复合板通常包括薄钢板层、膨胀绝缘层、铝箔层，并且可选地，还可以包括金属丝网层。在膨胀型防火复合板在使用过程中受热时，一旦温度达到膨胀绝缘层的膨胀温度，膨胀绝缘层则开始膨胀，其体积膨胀可达初始体积的8至10倍，能够有效地封堵贯穿开口，阻止火势以及烟雾通过贯穿开口蔓延。这种膨胀型防火复合板可以提供高达4小时的耐火完整性极限以及高达2小时的耐火隔热极限。然而，对于不同的应用环境，防火等级要求不同，并且因此对所需的耐火极限和阻热极限的要求也不同。防火性能较高的膨胀型防火复合板的一种常用膨胀绝缘层中采用较厚的橡胶层，通过将氯丁橡胶与硅酸钠混合，并经过较长时间(例如，长达6天)的固化工艺而形成。一方面，在生产制造过程中需要时间较长的固化工艺来生产，使得这类防火复合板的制造周期较长，价格通常也较高，另一方面，这类防火复合板也比较重。如果将具有较高防护性能的这种防火复合板用于防护要求较低的应用中，则会在一定程度上造成浪费，不能够以成本有效的方式提供所需的防护。膨胀型防火复合板的另一种常用的膨胀绝缘层采用传统的耐火陶瓷纤维，在制备和使用过程中，该耐火陶瓷纤维的粉尘和细小纤维易被吸入人体，并且这些细小纤维不易降解，在人体内不易于溶解，可能产生致癌物，危害人体健康和环境。社会对环保、健康与安全越来越重视，从环保、健康与安全的角度，也对防火复合板也提出了相应的要求。
为此，期望的是能够根据具体应用以成本有效的方式提供所需防护性能的防火复合板，在确保所需防护性能的同时，降低成本，并改善防火复合板的安全性与环保性。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于在确保防火复合板的防护性能的同时，降低防火复合板的制造成本，并改善防火复合板的安全性与环保性。
本公开的一个方面在于提供一种防火复合板，包括：金属层；铝箔层；以及生物可溶性绝缘层，生物可溶性绝缘层位于金属层与铝箔层之间。
在一个实施方式中，生物可溶性绝缘层为生物可溶性陶瓷纤维层、可溶性纤维层、碱土硅酸盐棉层、合成玻璃纤维层、人造玻璃纤维层、人造矿物纤维层、碱土硅酸盐纤维层、硅酸镁纤维层、或高温绝缘棉层。
在一个实施方式中，可溶性纤维层为可溶性纤维纸、可溶性纤维板、或可溶性纤维毯。
在一个实施方式中，生物可溶性绝缘层包括彼此叠置的多个绝缘层。
在一个实施方式中，该多个绝缘层包括第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层。
在一个实施方式中，金属层为镀锌钢，厚度为0.2mm至1mm；生物可溶性绝缘层的厚度为2mm至15mm；以及铝箔层的厚度为0.02mm至0.2mm。
优选地，金属层的厚度为0.4mm。优选地，铝箔层的厚度为0.05mm。优选地，生物可溶性绝缘层的厚度为5mm至8mm，更优选地，生物可溶性绝缘层的厚度为6mm。
在一个实施方式中，生物可溶性绝缘层与金属层之间形成有第一粘结层，并且生物可溶性绝缘层与铝箔层之间形成有第二粘结层，第一粘结层和第二粘结层为水性胶粘剂或热熔胶。
本公开的另一方面在于提供一种防火结构，该防火结构包括混凝土结构和形成于混凝土结构中的贯穿开口。该防火结构包括根据本公开的防火复合板，防火复合板固定安装至混凝土结构以封堵贯穿开口，防火复合板的铝箔层接触混凝土结构。
根据本公开的防火复合板和防火结构通过合理设计防火复合板中的绝缘层，简化了防火复合板的制造工艺，有效降低成本，并减轻重量，能够以成本 有效的方式提供所需的防护性能，在确保所需的防护性能的同时，提高防火复合板的安全性和环保性。
附图说明
以下将参照附图仅以示例方式描述本公开的实施方式。在附图中，相同的特征或部件采用相同的附图标记来表示，并且附图不一定按比例绘制，并且在附图中：
图1示出了根据本公开的防火复合板的局部剖面图，示出了该防火复合板的结构；
图2示出了根据本公开的一个改型示例的防火复合板的局部剖面图，示出了该防火复合板的结构；
图3示出了用于测试防火复合板的测试台的示意图；
图4示出了待进行第一测试的防火复合板的平面图，示出了热电偶在该防火复合板上的布置；
图5示出了对防火复合板进行第一测试的示意图；以及
图6示出了对防火复合板进行第二测试的示意图。
具体实施方式
下文的描述本质上仅是示例性的而并非意图限制本公开及其应用和用途。应当理解，在所有附图中，相似的附图标记指示相同的或相似的零件及特征。各个附图仅示意性地表示了本公开的实施方式的构思和原理，并不一定示出了本公开各个实施方式的具体尺寸及其比例。在特定的附图中的特定部分可能采用夸张的方式来图示本公开的实施方式的相关细节或结构。
在本公开的各实施方式的描述中，所采用的与“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”相关的方位术语是以视图中的上、下、左、右、前、后的定向来描述的。
图1示出了根据本公开的第一实施方式的防火复合板的局部剖面图。如图1所示，根据本公开的防火复合板10包括金属层11、绝缘层13以及铝箔层15。金属层11由耐高温金属制成，例如但不限于，镀锌钢、铝合金、不锈钢、铜等。金属层11的厚度为0.2mm至1mm，优选地，为0.4mm。
绝缘层13可以经第一粘结层12粘结至金属层11的一侧表面(图1中的上表面)。第一粘结层12的厚度无特别的要求，只要能够将绝缘层13粘结至金属层11即可。
绝缘层13的材料和厚度可以根据具体应用环境的防火等级要求来确定。优选地，绝缘层13为生物可溶性绝缘层，可以采用生物可溶性陶瓷纤维层、可溶性纤维层、碱土硅酸盐棉层、合成玻璃纤维层、人造玻璃纤维层、人造矿物纤维层、碱土硅酸盐纤维层、硅酸镁纤维层、或高温绝缘棉层。可溶性纤维层例如为可溶性纤维纸、可溶性纤维板、或可溶性纤维毯。这些生物可溶性绝缘层具有优异的高温力学性能和抗腐蚀性能，并且具有低导热率等特点，另外，生物可溶性绝缘层可降解，其细小纤维在被人体吸入后能够在人体内迅速溶解，减少了对人体的伤害，安全且环保。另外，与面积相同(例如，长度和宽度相同)的防火复合板中的常规膨胀型绝缘层相比，一方面，该生物可溶性绝缘层的重量明显更小，另一方面，该生物可溶性绝缘层使用粘合剂在110摄氏度下层压2分钟即可粘结至金属层，而无需时间较长的固化工艺过程。因此，通过在防火复合板中采用生物可溶性绝缘层，可以在确保防火复合板的防护性能的同时，减轻防火复合板的重量，缩短防火复合板的制造周期，降低成本，并提高安全性和环保性。可以使用可从市场上购得的生物可溶性绝缘产品来制作绝缘层13，例如，可以从淄博羽维耐火材料有限公司(YUFENG)、山东民烨耐火纤维有限公司(Minye)购得，例如，淄博羽维耐火材料有限公司公司生产销售的YUFENG
Figure PCTCN2021107835-appb-000001
可溶性纤维纸、
Figure PCTCN2021107835-appb-000002
可溶性板等。另外，绝缘层13也可以采用具有合适厚度的膨胀型制品，例如，可以采用3M公司生产的商品名称为“INTERAM I-10”的防火毯。
绝缘层13的厚度为2mm至15mm，优选地，为5mm-8mm，更优选地，为6mm。
铝箔层15可以经第二粘结层14粘结至绝缘层13。与第一粘结层12类似，第二粘结层14的厚度无具体要求，只要能够将铝箔层15粘结至绝缘层13即可。第一粘结层12和第二粘结层14均可以采用水性胶粘剂或热熔胶，例如，由3M公司生产的商品名称为“1000NF”的胶粘剂。铝箔层15的厚度为0.02mm至0.2mm，优选地，为0.05mm。
在防火复合板10的一个示例中，金属层11为镀锌钢板，厚度为0.5mm； 绝缘层13采用YUFENG
Figure PCTCN2021107835-appb-000003
可溶性纤维纸，厚度为7mm；铝箔层15的厚度为0.05mm，第一粘结层12和第二粘结层14均采用3M公司生产的商品名称为“1000NF”的胶粘剂。
在根据本公开的一个改型示例的防火复合板中，绝缘层13可以包括粘结成彼此叠置的多个绝缘层。图2示出了根据本公开的改型示例的防火复合板20。如图2所示，防火复合板20包括金属层21、绝缘层23以及铝箔层25。金属层21为镀锌钢板，厚度为0.5mm；绝缘层23的厚度为14mm，包括粘结成彼此叠置的第一绝缘层231和第二绝缘层233，第一绝缘层231和第二绝缘层233均为淄博羽维耐火材料有限公司公司生产销售的YUFENG
Figure PCTCN2021107835-appb-000004
可溶性纤维纸；铝箔层25的厚度为0.05mm。第一绝缘层231经第一粘结层22粘结至金属层21，第二绝缘层233经第三粘结层26粘结至第一绝缘层231，并且铝箔层25经第二粘结层24粘结至第二绝缘层233，第一粘结层22、第二粘结层24以及第三粘结层26均采用3M公司生产的商品名称为“1000NF”的胶粘剂。在根据本公开的改型示例的其他示例中，绝缘层还可以包括粘结成彼此叠置的更多个绝缘层，例如三个绝缘层。
防火复合板10和防火复合板20均可以用于封堵建筑物中的较大贯穿开口，以形成具有所需防火性能的防火结构，可以用于无电缆贯穿的应用，也可以用于被电缆贯穿的应用。防火复合板10以及防火复合板20在用于封堵建筑物中的贯穿开口时，可以在每个贯穿开口的两侧各安装一个防火复合板以覆盖贯穿开口，可替换地，也可以仅在贯穿开口的一侧安装防火复合板以覆盖贯穿开口。在安装防火复合板时，防火复合板的铝箔层接触贯穿开口所在的混凝土结构，防火复合板的金属层面向外侧，并且各防火复合板的尺寸大于对应的贯穿开口的尺寸，防火复合板的周缘与混凝土结构至少重叠2英寸，并且例如通过紧固螺钉固定至混凝土结构。该混凝土结构例如为建筑物的设有贯穿开口的楼板或墙壁。
图3示出了对防火复合板的防火性能进行测试的测试台的示意图。如图3所示，测试台30为水平测试炉。水平测试炉为混凝土结构的台板，并且设置有多个贯穿开口。贯穿开口的数量可以根据需同时进行测试的样品的数量来设置。在图3所示的示例中，测试台30设置有布置成两排的六个贯穿开口，即，第一贯穿开口31、第二贯穿开口32、第三贯穿开口33、第四贯穿开口34、第 五贯穿开口35以及第六贯穿开口36，各贯穿开口呈具有相同尺寸的矩形，长度为L1，宽度为W1，并且同一排的贯穿开口之间的沿贯穿开口的宽度方向的间隔均为S1，第一排贯穿开口与第二排贯穿开口之间的沿贯穿开口的长度方向的间隔为S2，第一排贯穿开口与测试台30的外边缘之间的间隔为S3，第二排贯穿开口与测试台30的外边缘之间的间隔为S4。在一个示例中，每个贯穿开口的长度L1为15英寸，宽度W1为10英寸，间隔S1和S2均为10英寸，间隔S3和S4均为8英寸。
图4至图6分别示出了对根据本公开的防火复合板10进行防火性能测试的示意图。在进行防火性能测试时，将防火复合板10裁切成宽度为14英寸、长度为19英寸的2个矩形板件，并分别安装至测试台30的对应贯穿开口的上下两侧，例如，安装至测试台30的第一贯穿开口31的上下两侧，每个防火复合板10的铝箔层15接触测试台30的混凝土结构，并且每个防火复合板10的各边缘均与第一贯穿开口31的周边的混凝土结构重叠的宽度为W2，如图4和图6所示。在一个示例中，测试台30的混凝土结构的厚度D1为4.5英寸，重叠的宽度W2为2英寸。
在对无电缆贯穿的应用中的防火复合板10的防火性能进行测试时，在安装于第一贯穿开口31上侧的防火复合板10的表面安装3个热电偶，即，第一热电偶41、第二热电偶42以及第三热电偶43，如图4和图5所示。第一热电偶41、第二热电偶42以及第三热电偶43安装在防火复合板10的金属层11上，并沿防火复合板10的宽度方向上的中心线等间隔安装，第二热电偶42位于防火复合板10的中心。
如图6所示，在对被电缆贯穿的应用中的防火复合板10的防火性能进行测试时，在防火复合板10在第一贯穿开口31的上下两侧安装就位后，三根电缆(即，第一电缆51、第二电缆52以及第三电缆53)穿过防火复合板10，将2个热电偶分别安装至其中的两根电缆，并将另一热电偶安装至防火复合板10。如图6所示，第一热电偶41安装至第一电缆51，第二热电偶42安装至第二电缆52，以及第三热电偶43安装至防火复合板10的金属层11，第三热电偶43位于第三电缆53与第一贯穿开口31的边缘之间的中间位置处。
以与上述相同的方式，将根据本公开的防火复合板20安装至测试台30的对应贯穿开口，例如，安装至第二贯穿开口32。相应地，可以将其他测试 样品(例如，现有的其他防火产品)安装至测试台30的其他贯穿开口。
然后，启动测试台30，针对耐火完整性极限为1小时以及耐火隔热性极限也为1小时的防护要求，根据中国国家标准GB23864-2009所记载的防火封堵材料的耐火性能测试规范，对防火复合板10和防火复合板20进行测试，其中，无电缆贯穿测试的测试总时长为145分钟，电缆贯穿测试的测试总时长为95分钟。实验数据表明，对于防火复合板10，无电缆贯穿测试的耐火隔热性极限为100分钟，并且，没有耐火完整性被破坏的情况发生；电缆贯穿测试的耐火隔热性极限为78分钟，并且，也没有耐火完整性被破坏的情况发生。对于防火复合板20，不论是无电缆贯穿测试还是电缆贯穿测试，其耐火隔热性极限均超过了测试时间，并且，都没有耐火完整性被破坏的情况发生，即，直至测试完成，防火复合板20仍未失效。
综上，不论是在电缆贯穿的情况下，还是在无电缆贯穿的情况下，根据本公开的防火复合板10和防火复合板20都能够提供耐火隔热性极限为1小时的防护；此外，进一步地，防火复合板20在无电缆贯穿的情况下可以提供耐火隔热性极限为2小时的防护。因此，根据本公开的防火复合板10和防火复合板20均能够满足耐火隔热性极限为1小时的防护要求。
以上介绍了根据本公开的防火复合板10、根据改型示例的防火复合板20以及安装有防护复合板的防火结构。根据本公开的防火复合板和防火结构通过合理设计防火复合板中的绝缘层，能够以成本有效的方式提供所需的防护性能。特别地，通过使用生物可溶性绝缘层，一方面，使得防火复合板的制造工艺更简单，有效降低成本，并减轻重量，另一方面，生物可溶性绝缘层易于溶解，并且能够降解，因此在防火复合板的制造和使用过程中，即使防火复合板的细小纤维被吸入人体内，也容易在人体内溶解，能够减轻对人体的伤害，提高防火复合板的安全性和环保性。
在此，已详细描述了根据本公开的防火复合板和防火结构的示例性实施方式，但是应该理解的是，本公开并不局限于上文详细描述和示出的具体实施方式。在不偏离本公开的主旨和范围的情况下，本领域的技术人员能够对本公开进行各种变型和变体。所有这些变型和变体都落入本公开的范围内。而且，所有在此描述的构件都可以由其他技术性上等同的构件来代替。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防火复合板，其特征在于包括：
    金属层；
    铝箔层；以及
    生物可溶性绝缘层，所述生物可溶性绝缘层位于所述金属层与所述铝箔层之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述生物可溶性绝缘层为生物可溶性陶瓷纤维层、可溶性纤维层、碱土硅酸盐棉层、合成玻璃纤维层、人造玻璃纤维层、人造矿物纤维层、碱土硅酸盐纤维层、硅酸镁纤维层、或高温绝缘棉层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述可溶性纤维层为可溶性纤维纸、可溶性纤维板、或可溶性纤维毯。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述生物可溶性绝缘层包括彼此叠置的多个绝缘层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述多个绝缘层包括第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层。
  6. 根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，
    所述金属层为镀锌钢，厚度为0.2mm至1mm；
    所述生物可溶性绝缘层的厚度为2mm至15mm；以及
    所述铝箔层的厚度为0.02mm至0.2mm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述金属层的厚度为0.4mm，并且/或者所述铝箔层的厚度为0.05mm，并且/或者所述生物可溶性绝缘层的厚度为5mm至8mm。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述生物可溶性绝缘层的厚度为6mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的防火复合板，其特征在于，所述生物可溶性绝缘层与所述金属层之间形成有第一粘结层，并且所述生物可溶性绝缘层与所述铝箔层之间形成有第二粘结层，所述第一粘结层和所述第二粘结层为水性胶粘剂或热熔胶。
  10. 一种防火结构，所述防火结构包括混凝土结构和形成于所述混凝土结构中的贯穿开口，其特征在于，所述防火结构包括根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的防火复合板，所述防火复合板固定安装至所述混凝土结构以封堵所述贯穿开口，所述防火复合板的所述铝箔层接触所述混凝土结构。
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CN107988851A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2018-05-04 中国人民武装警察部队学院 可溶性陶瓷纤维板材及其制备方法
CN112423980A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2021-02-26 尤尼弗瑞克斯 I 有限责任公司 防火组合物及相关方法
CN109098302A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-28 广东黑卫防火技术有限公司 一种膨胀型金属防火封堵板
CN209924174U (zh) * 2018-12-29 2020-01-10 东莞市弘毅电气技术有限公司 防止产生涡流的防火墙系统及其复合膨胀型防火板材
CN112662288A (zh) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-16 广东黑卫防火技术有限公司 防火绝热板及其制备方法

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