WO2022267498A1 - 一种移相器、天线单元及天线 - Google Patents

一种移相器、天线单元及天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022267498A1
WO2022267498A1 PCT/CN2022/077100 CN2022077100W WO2022267498A1 WO 2022267498 A1 WO2022267498 A1 WO 2022267498A1 CN 2022077100 W CN2022077100 W CN 2022077100W WO 2022267498 A1 WO2022267498 A1 WO 2022267498A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase shifter
translation
piece
phase
guide
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PCT/CN2022/077100
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘鹏
王永强
李永忠
孙静
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普罗斯通信技术（苏州）有限公司
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Publication of WO2022267498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022267498A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/32—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by mechanical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of phase shifters, in particular to a phase shifter, an antenna unit with the phase shifter and an antenna with the antenna unit.
  • the phase shifter As a key communication module, is also developing continuously.
  • the phase shifters used in early mobile communication networks such as the phase shifters used in 4G antennas, are usually cavity-type phase shifters.
  • the cavity-type phase shifter includes a cavity and a dielectric board and a circuit board housed in the cavity.
  • the circuit board is located between a pair of dielectric boards and the output ports of the circuit board are connected to the antenna array through jumpers.
  • the phase shifter with this structure usually has a large volume, heavy weight, and high manufacturing cost, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the 5G antenna uses a Massive MIMO (Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna.
  • Massive MIMO Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • the number of phase shifters is consistent with the number of antenna channels, which can reach 64 or 128 or 256. indivual. If the above-mentioned cavity-type phase shifter is integrated inside the antenna, the 5G antenna will be relatively bulky, which cannot meet the miniaturization requirements of 5G.
  • the phase shifter used in the 5G antenna is usually an arc phase shifter, which is composed of multiple pointer-shaped conductor strips with different radii and an arc brush that can rotate around the center of the circle.
  • the input signal is coupled to each pointer strip.
  • the length of the signal transmission path changes, so as to realize the phase adjustment.
  • Arc-shaped phase shifters are usually small in size and can be integrated in a large number of antennas, enabling the antenna to meet the miniaturization requirements of 5G. Since all phase shifters are highly integrated inside the antenna, the phase shifters need to meet the requirements of high integration, high phase shifting precision, and stable transmission mechanism during operation.
  • the microstrip line on the arc brush and the conductor strip usually cannot fit closely.
  • the transmission mechanism that drives the arc brush to rotate usually cannot ensure that the arc brush does not produce deviation during the moving process, which affects The performance and stability of the phase shifter. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a phase shifter with high integration, high phase shift accuracy, and stable phase shift performance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, to provide a phase shifter with high integration, high phase shifting precision, and stable phase shifting performance, and to provide an antenna unit with the phase shifter and an antenna unit with the antenna unit antenna.
  • phase shifter comprising:
  • each phase shifter is provided with at least one coupling sub-line, and each coupling sub-line is correspondingly coupled to a coupling main line;
  • the transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism includes:
  • a translation piece, the transmission rack is provided on the translation piece and the translation piece is slidably arranged on the guide piece; the phase-moving film is fixed on the translation piece, so that Driven by the translation relative to the substrate;
  • the transmission gear is engaged with the transmission rack, and is used to drive the translation piece to move relative to the guide piece.
  • At least one elastic resisting portion is provided on the translator, and the elastic resisting portion is used to resist the phase-shifting film, so that the coupling secondary lines of the phase-shifting film are in close contact with the corresponding coupling main lines.
  • each mounting portion is mounted with a phase-shifting film
  • each mounting portion includes a plurality of first limiting portions, and a plurality of the first limiting portions surround A limit area is formed, and a corresponding phase-shifting film is arranged in the limit area.
  • the translation piece is provided with a first positioning piece
  • the phase-shifting film is provided with a second positioning piece matched with the first positioning piece, so as to fix the phase-shifting piece on the translation piece .
  • the elastic resisting portion is provided in the limiting area.
  • the base plate is provided with a through hole, and the transmission gear meshes with the transmission rack through the through hole.
  • the guide part is provided with a first guide part that moves the translation part along the guiding direction
  • the translation part is provided with a second guide part that cooperates with the first guide part to realize the guide movement of the translation part. Guiding department.
  • the guide is provided with a second limiting portion and a third limiting portion for limiting the translational member, and the translational member is located at the second limiting portion and the third limiting portion between.
  • a pressing plane for pressing the translational piece is provided on the surface of the guide piece facing the side of the translational piece.
  • the translation member includes an elastic member, and the elastic resisting portion is formed by bending the elastic member toward the phase-shifting film.
  • the present invention also discloses an antenna unit, which includes the phase shifter described in any one of the above items and at least one antenna element, and the phase shifter feeds the antenna element directly or indirectly.
  • the present invention also discloses an antenna, which includes the above-mentioned antenna unit, and a plurality of the antenna units are arranged in an array.
  • the translation piece moves along the guiding direction of the guide piece during the moving process, so as to avoid the position deviation of the translation piece during the movement process, so that the performance of the phase shifter is improved.
  • the limit area on the translation piece and setting the elastic pressure part and the positioning piece in the limit area, the coupling sub-line on the phase shifter is closely attached to the corresponding coupling main line.
  • the antenna unit and the antenna described in the present invention also have the above-mentioned advantages, and the antenna unit and the antenna can meet the miniaturization requirement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a phase shifter disclosed by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the exploded schematic diagram of the phase shifter in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a phase-shifting photo in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an angle of the translator in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of another angle of the translator in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the guide in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the antenna unit
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic exploded view of the antenna unit in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the antenna.
  • the phase shifter disclosed by the present invention has the advantages of high integration, high phase shifting precision, and more stable phase shifting performance, and is especially suitable for Massive MIMO (massive multiple-input multiple-output) antennas.
  • Massive MIMO massive multiple-input multiple-output
  • a phase shifter 100 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate 10 , at least one phase shifter 20 and a transmission mechanism 30 .
  • the substrate 10 and the phase-shifting film 20 are plate-shaped structures, and they are stacked.
  • the main coupling line 11 is used for signal input and output.
  • Each phase shifter 20 corresponds to a coupling main line 11, and the surface of each phase shifter 20 facing the substrate 10 is provided with a coupling sub-line 21 coupled with the corresponding coupling main line 11, and each coupling sub-line 21 is connected to the corresponding coupling line.
  • the main lines 11 are partially overlapped, and the coupling sub-lines 21 are used to transmit signals in the phase shifter through coupling.
  • the transmission mechanism 30 is connected with each phase shifter 20, and is used to drive each phase shifter 20 to translate relative to the substrate 10, so as to change the overlapping part of the coupling sub-line 21 on the phase shifter 20 and the corresponding coupling main line 11, thereby changing the signal transmission path. length to realize the phase adjustment of the phase shifter.
  • the transmission mechanism 30 includes a translation piece 31 , a guide piece 32 and a transmission gear 33 .
  • the phase-shifting piece 20 is arranged between the translation piece 31 and the substrate 10
  • the translation piece 31 is provided with a transmission rack 311
  • the translation piece 31 is slidably arranged on the guide piece 32 and connected with each phase-shifting piece 20, It is used to drive each phase shifting film 20 to move in translation relative to the substrate 10 along the guiding direction of the guiding member 32 .
  • the guide piece 32 is used to limit the translation piece 31 and to allow the translation piece 31 to move along the guiding direction.
  • the transmission gear 33 is engaged with the transmission rack 311 , and is used to drive the translation member 31 to move through the transmission rack 311 .
  • the external power source drives the transmission gear 33 to rotate, and the transmission gear 33 further drives the translation piece 31 to move through the transmission rack 311.
  • the translation piece 31 moves along the guiding direction under the action of the guide piece 32, and the translation piece 31 is moving.
  • the phase-shifting film 20 on it is driven to move in translation relative to the substrate 10 , so that the overlapping portion of the coupling sub-line 21 on the phase-shifting film 20 and the corresponding coupling main line 11 is changed.
  • the drive rack can be selected from one of straight rack, helical rack, and herringbone rack.
  • the drive gear can be selected from matching spur gear, helical gear, and herringbone gear. Need to choose.
  • the translation element 31 includes a translation body 31 a, on which a transmission part 31 b and at least one installation part 31 c for installing the phase shift film 20 are arranged.
  • the transmission part 31b is provided with the transmission rack 311 meshing with the transmission gear 33 .
  • a photo shifter 20 is mounted on each mounting portion 31c.
  • Each installation part 31c includes a plurality of first limiting parts 34 , and the plurality of first limiting parts 34 enclose a limiting area 35 , and the corresponding phase shifting film 20 is installed in the limiting area 35 .
  • each mounting portion 31c is provided with three first limiting portions 34 to respectively limit the three sides of the phase shifter, so that the position of the phase shifter 20 remains relatively stable.
  • At least one first positioning member 36 for positioning the phase-shifting film 20 is also provided in each limiting area 35, and the second positioning member 22 matched with the first positioning member 36 is provided on the phase-shifting film 20 , the phase-shifting film 20 is assembled in the corresponding limiting area 35 under the cooperation of the second positioning member 22 and the first positioning member 36 .
  • the first positioning member 36 is preferably a positioning post, and the second positioning member 22 is preferably a positioning hole matched with the positioning post.
  • an elastic pressing part 37 is also provided in the limiting area 35, and the elastic pressing part 37 is used to press the phase shifting film 20,
  • the secondary coupling line 21 in the phase shifter 20 is closely attached to the corresponding main coupling line 11 to ensure reliable and stable signal transmission.
  • the elastic resisting portion 37 is formed by bending and protruding the elastic member 312 on the translation member 31 toward the direction of the phase-shifting film.
  • the translating member 31 is in the shape of a mountain as a whole, and two installation parts 31c are provided on the translation body 31a, and the transmission part 31b is arranged between the two installation parts 31c.
  • the number of installation parts 31c and the position of the transmission part 31b can be set according to actual needs.
  • the guide member 32 includes a guide body 32a, the guide body 32a is provided with a first guide part for the transmission part 31b to guide and move, and the translation part 31 is provided with a second guide part matched with the first guide part.
  • the first guide part is the guide groove 321 provided on the guide body 32a
  • the second guide part is the transmission part 31b provided on the translation body 31a, that is to say, the transmission part 31b can transmit power or act to the guiding role.
  • the transmission part 31 b is assembled in the guide groove 321 , and with the cooperation of the two, the translation member 31 moves along the guiding direction of the guide groove 321 .
  • a guide groove 321 may also be provided on the translation member 31 , and a matching guide protrusion may be provided on the guide member 32 , so that the translation member 31 can move along the guiding direction of the guide member 32 .
  • the guide body 32a is also provided with a second limiting portion 322 for limiting the translation piece 31 and the third limiting portion 323 , the second limiting portion 322 and the third limiting portion 323 are located on two sides of the translation member 31 .
  • the second limit portion 322 is used to limit one side of the translation piece 31
  • the third limit portion 323 is used to limit the opposite side of the translation piece 31, so as to prevent the translation piece 31 from Displacement occurs during the movement of the relative guide member 32, thereby improving the phase shifting accuracy of the phase shifter.
  • the guide body 32 a is further provided with a pressing plane 324 , which can press the translation element 31 .
  • the pressing plane 324 acts on the translation piece 31 all the time, so that the translation piece 31 and the phase-shifting film 20 are in close contact, so that the coupling secondary line on the phase-shifting film 20 21 is in close contact with the coupling main line 11 corresponding to the substrate 10 to improve the stability of signal transmission.
  • the transmission gear 33 is meshed with the transmission rack 311 through the through hole 12 provided on the substrate 10 , that is, the transmission gear 33 is partially engaged with the transmission rack 311 through the through hole 12 .
  • the through hole 12 may not be provided on the base plate 10, and the transmission gear 33 directly meshes with the transmission rack 311, which can be selected according to actual needs.
  • An external power source such as a rotating motor, drives the transmission gear 33 to rotate, and the transmission gear 33 further drives the translation member 31 to move through the transmission rack 311 .
  • the translation piece 31 moves along the guiding direction under the action of the guide piece 32 .
  • it drives the phase-shifting film 20 on it to translate relative to the substrate 10.
  • the overlapping part of the coupling sub-line 21 on it and the corresponding coupling main line 11 changes, and then Changing the length of the signal transmission path realizes the phase adjustment of the phase shifter.
  • the coupling main line 11 in the substrate 10 and the coupling sub-line 21 in the phase shifter 20 are both microstrip lines or striplines, and are relatively short in height, which is convenient for the integration of the phase shifter and can reduce the volume of the phase shifter .
  • a plurality of phase shifting plates 20 are arranged in the phase shifter, that is, one phase shifting plate 20 is set correspondingly for each coupling main line 11, and the quantity of the phase shifting plates 20 is set according to the quantity of coupling main lines 11.
  • a phase-shifting sheet 20 can also be set, and corresponding coupling sub-lines 21 are set on the phase-shifting sheet 20 according to the number of coupling main lines 11, and a plurality of phase-shifting sheets 20 can also be set, wherein At least one coupling sub-line 21 is provided in some phase-shifting films, and it is only necessary to ensure that the coupling main line 11 corresponds to the coupling sub-line 21 one-to-one.
  • the present invention also discloses an antenna unit 200, including the above-mentioned phase shifter 100 and at least one antenna element 101, and the antenna element 101 is connected to the output port of the phase shifter 100,
  • the connection here is an electrical connection or a coupling connection, and the phase shifter 100 directly or indirectly feeds power to the antenna element 101 .
  • the present invention also discloses an antenna 300 including a plurality of antenna units 200 arranged in an array, that is, arranged in one or more rows.
  • the transmission gears 33 in each antenna unit 200 are coaxially connected through a rotating shaft, and the external power source can drive the phase shifters in each antenna unit 200 through the rotating shaft to adjust the phase synchronously to increase the stability of the transmission.
  • the external power source includes but not limited to a helical gear arranged on the rotating shaft, a worm driving the helical gear to rotate, and a motor driving the worm to rotate.
  • the motor drives the worm to rotate, and the worm further drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the helical gear, converting the circular motion of the motor into a horizontal circular motion.
  • each transmission gear 33 is driven to rotate, and the transmission gear 33 drives the corresponding translation piece 31 to move linearly along the guiding direction of the guide piece 32 through the transmission rack 311, and the translation piece 31 drives the phase shifter 20 during the movement process
  • the translation is performed to change the overlapping part of the coupling secondary line 21 and the corresponding coupling main line 11 on the phase shifter 20, so as to realize the phase adjustment of the phase shifter.
  • the phase shifter of the present invention sets the guide piece 32 to make the translation piece 31 move along the guiding direction of the guide piece 32 during the movement process, so as to avoid position deviation of the translation piece 31 during the movement process, and make the translation piece 31 move
  • the performance of the phase device is more stable; on the other hand, by setting the limit area on the translation piece 31, and setting the elastic pressing part 37 and the first positioning part 36 in the limit area, the coupling secondary line on the phase shifter 20 21 is in close contact with the corresponding coupling main line 11 while ensuring that the phase-shifting film 20 remains stationary relative to the translation piece 31, which improves the phase-shifting precision and makes the phase-shifting performance more stable.
  • the antenna unit and the antenna according to the present invention also have the above-mentioned advantages because they have the above-mentioned phase shifter, and the antenna unit and the antenna can meet the miniaturization requirements.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明揭示了一种移相器、天线单元和天线，移相器包括基板、移相片和传动机构，其中，基板上设有耦合主线，移相片上设有与耦合主线对应耦合的耦合副线，传动机构包括导向件、平动件和传动齿轮，平动件上设有与传动齿轮啮合的传动齿条，并且平动件滑动设于导向件上，平动件还与移相片相连，可沿导向件的导向方向带动移相片相对基板平动。本发明所述的移相器，具有集成度高、移相精度高、移相性能更稳定的优点。

Description

一种移相器、天线单元及天线 技术领域
本发明涉及移相器技术领域，尤其是涉及一种移相器、具有该移相器的天线单元和具有该天线单元的天线。
背景技术
随着移动通信的不断发展，移相器作为其中的关键通信模块也在持续发展。早期移动通信网络所采用的移相器，如4G天线所采用的移相器，通常为腔型移相器，该腔型移相器包括腔体及收容于腔体内的介质板和电路板，电路板位于一对介质板之间并且电路板的输出端口通过跳线连接至天线阵列。此种结构的移相器，通常体积较大、重量较重，制造成本较高，不利于天线的小型化。随着5G时代的来临，5G天线采用的是Massive MIMO(大规模多输入多输出)天线，在该Massive MIMO天线中，移相器的数量与天线通道的数量一致，可达到64或128或256个。如若在天线内部集成上述腔型移相器，则导致5G天线的体积较为庞大，无法满足5G小型化需求。
为了使5G天线能够满足小型化需求，5G天线中采用的移相器通常为弧形移相器，其由多段不同半径的指针形导体带和一个可以绕圆心转动的弧刷组成，弧刷将输入信号耦合至各段指针形导体带。在弧刷转动过程中，信号传输路径的长度发生改变，以此实现相位的调整。弧形移相器通常体积较小，可大量集成在天线内部，能够使天线满足5G小型化需求。由于所有的移相器均高度集成在天线内部，使得移相器在工作中需满足集成度高、移相精度高、传动机构平稳等要求。然而，在弧形移相器中，弧刷上的微带线与导体带通常无法紧密贴合，同时，带动弧刷转动的传动机构通常无 法确保弧刷在移动过程中不产生偏差，进而影响移相器的性能及稳定性。因此，亟需一种集成度高、移相精度高、移相性能稳定的移相器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种集成度高、移相精度高、移相性能稳定的移相器，同时还提供一种具有该移相器的天线单元及具有该天线单元的天线。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出如下技术方案：一种移相器，所述移相器包括：
基板，所述基板上设有至少一个耦合主线；
至少一个移相片，每个移相片上设有至少一个耦合副线，每个耦合副线对应与一耦合主线相耦合；
传动机构，所述传动机构包括：
导向件；
平动件，所述平动件上设有传动齿条且所述平动件滑动设于所述导向件上；所述移相片固定在所述平动件上，以在所述平动件的带动下相对所述基板平动；
传动齿轮，与所述传动齿条相啮合，用于驱动所述平动件相对所述导向件移动。
优选地，所述平动件上设有至少一个弹性抵压部，所述弹性抵压部用于抵压移相片，以使得移相片的耦合副线与对应的耦合主线紧密接触。
优选地，所述平动件上设有至少一个安装部，每个安装部安装一所述移相片，每个安装部包括多个第一限位部，多个所述第一限位部围成一限位区域，所述限位区域内设置对应的移相片。
优选地，所述平动件设置有第一定位件，所述移相片设置有与所述第一定位件相配合的第二定位件，以将所述移相片固定在所述平动件上。
优选地，每个安装部中，所述限位区域内设置所述弹性抵压部。
优选地，所述基板上设有通孔，所述传动齿轮通过所述通孔与所述传动齿条啮合。
优选地，所述导向件上设有使平动件沿导向方向移动的第一导向部，所述平动件上设有与所述第一导向部相配合实现平动件导向移动的第二导向部。
优选地，所述导向件上设有用于对平动件进行限位的第二限位部和第三限位部，所述平动件位于所述第二限位部和第三限位部之间。
优选地，所述导向件朝向平动件一侧的表面上设有对平动件进行抵压的抵压平面。
优选地，所述平动件包括弹性件，所述弹性抵压部由所述弹性件向所述移相片方向弯折凸起形成。
本发明还揭示了一种天线单元，所述天线单元包括上述任意一项所述的移相器和至少一个天线振子，所述移相器直接或间接为所述天线振子馈电。
本发明还揭示了一种天线，包括上述天线单元，多个所述天线单元呈阵列排布。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述的移相器，一方面通过设置导向件，使平动件在移动过程中沿导向件的导向方向移动，避免平动件在移动过程中产生位置偏差，使移相器性能更稳定；另一方面，通过在平动件上设置限位区域，并在限位区域内设置弹性抵压部和定位件，使移相片上的耦合副线与对应的耦合主线紧密贴合的同时确保移相片保持相对平动件静止，提高移相精度高，使移相性能更稳定。
本发明所述的天线单元及天线也具有上述优点，并且天线单元和天线可满足小型化需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明一实施例所揭示的移相器的立体示意图；
图2是图1中移相器的爆炸示意图；
图3是图1中移相片的立体示意图；
图4是图1中平动件的一角度的立体示意图；
图5是图1中平动件的另一角度的立体示意图；
图6是图1中导向件的立体示意图；
图7是天线单元的立体示意图；
图8是图7中天线单元的爆炸示意图；
图9是天线的立体示意图。
附图标记：100、移相器，10、基座，11、耦合主线，12、通孔，20、移相片，21、耦合副线，22、第二定位件，30、传动机构，31、平动件，31a、平动本体，31b、传动部，31c、安装部，311、传动齿条，312、弹性件，32、导向件，32a、导向本体，321、导向槽，322、第二限位部，323、第三限位部，324、抵压平面，33、传动齿轮，34、第一限位部，35、限位区域，36、第一定位件，37、弹性抵压部，200、天线单元，300、天线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
本发明所揭示的一种移相器，具有集成度高、移相精度高、移相性能更稳定的优点，尤其适用于Massive MIMO(大规模多输入多输出)天线。
结合图1～图6，为本发明一实施例所揭示的移相器100，包括基板10、至少一个移相片20和传动机构30。其中，基板10和移相片20均为板状结构，两者堆叠设置，基板10朝向移相片20一侧的表面上设有至少一个耦合主线11，耦合主线11用于信号的输入和输出。每个移相片20对应一个耦合主线11，每个移相片20朝向基板10一侧的表面上设有与对应的耦合主线11相耦合的耦合副线21，每个耦合副线21与对应的耦合主线11 部分重合设置，耦合副线21用于使信号在移相器内部通过耦合方式进行传输。传动机构30与每个移相片20相连，用于带动每个移相片20相对基板10平动，以改变移相片20上耦合副线21与对应耦合主线11的重合部分，进而改变信号传输路径的长度，实现移相器的相位调节。
具体地，结合图2～图5所示，传动机构30包括平动件31、导向件32和传动齿轮33。其中，平动件31与基板10之间设置所述移相片20，平动件31上设有传动齿条311，平动件31滑动设于导向件32上并与每个移相片20相连，用于带动每个移相片20沿导向件32的导向方向相对基板10平动。导向件32用于对所述平动件31进行限位，并用于供平动件31沿导向方向移动。传动齿轮33与传动齿条311啮合连接，用于通过传动齿条311驱动平动件31移动。实施时，外部动力源驱动传动齿轮33转动，传动齿轮33进一步通过传动齿条311驱动平动件31移动，平动件31在导向件32的作用下沿导向方向移动，平动件31在移动过程中，带动其上的移相片20相对基板10平动，使移相片20上耦合副线21与对应的耦合主线11的重合部分发生改变。本实施例中，传动齿条可选择直齿条、斜齿条、人字齿条中的一种，当然，传动齿轮选择与之相匹配的直齿轮、斜齿轮、人字齿轮，可根据实际需求进行选择。
结合图4和图5所示，平动件31包括平动本体31a，平动本体31a上设有传动部31b和至少一个用于安装移相片20的安装部31c。传动部31b上设有与传动齿轮33相啮合的所述传动齿条311。每个安装部31c上安装一移相片20。每个安装部31c包括多个第一限位部34，多个第一限位部34围成一限位区域35，该限位区域35内安装对应的移相片20。通过设置限位区域35，使移相片20在移动过程中相对平动件31保持静止，避免移相片20在移动过程中相对平动件31产生位移，进而提高移相器的移相精度。本实施例中，每个安装部31c共设置三个第一限位部34，分别对移相器的三个侧边进行限位，以使移相片20的位置保持相对稳定。
进一步地，每个限位区域35内还设有至少一个用于对移相片20进行定位的第一定位件36，移相片20上设有与第一定位件36相配合的第二定位件22，移相片20在第二定位件22和第一定位件36的配合下装配于对应的限位区域35中。第一定位件36优选为定位柱，第二定位件22优选与定位柱相配合的定位孔。通过设置第一定位件36，一方面可确保移相片20准确、快速地安装于对应的限位区域35中，另一方面可避免移相片20在移动过程中相对平动件31产生位移，进而提高移相器的移相精度。
进一步地，为了提高移相器的性能稳定性，每个安装部31c中，限位区域35内还设有弹性抵压部37，该弹性抵压部37用于对移相片20进行抵压，以使移相片20中耦合副线21与对应的耦合主线11紧密贴合，确保信号可靠、稳定地传输。本实施例中，弹性抵压部37由平动件31上的弹性件312向移相片方向弯折凸起形成。
本实施例中，平动件31整体呈山字形，并且平动本体31a上共设有两个安装部31c，两个安装部31c之间设置所述传动部31b。当然，在其他实施例中，可根据实际需求设置安装部31c的数量及传动部31b的位置。通过将传动部31b设于中间位置，可使平动件31在移动过程中更加平稳，使移相器的移相性能更稳定。
如图6所示，导向件32包括导向本体32a，导向本体32a上设有供传动部31b导向移动的第一导向部，平动件31上设有与该第一导向部相配合的第二导向部。本实施例中，第一导向部为导向本体32a上设置的导向槽321，第二导向部为平动本体31a上设置的传动部31b，也就是说传动部31b既可以传递动力，也可以起到导向作用。实施时，传动部31b装配于导向槽321内，在两者的配合下，平动件31沿导向槽321的导向方向移动。当然，在其他实施例中，也可在平动件31上设置导向槽321，在导向件32上设置相配合的导向凸起，以实现平动件31可沿导向件32的导向方向移动。
进一步地，为了使平动件31在相对导向件32移动过程中，能够保持稳定并且不产生位移偏差，导向本体32a上还设有用于对平动件31进行限位的第二限位部322和第三限位部323，第二限位部322和第三限位部323位于平动件31的两侧。其中，第二限位部322用于对平动件31的一侧边限位，第三限位部323用于对平动件31的相对侧边进行限位，以避免平动件31在相对导向件32移动过程中产生位移，进而提高了移相器的移相精度。
进一步地，为了使平动件31与移相片20紧密接触，导向本体32a上还设有抵压平面324，该按压平面可对平动件31进行抵压。在平动件31相对导向件32移动过程中，抵压平面324始终作用于平动件31上，以使平动件31与移相片20紧密贴合，进而使移相片20上的耦合副线21与基板10对应的耦合主线11紧密贴合，提高信号传输的稳定性。
如图2所示，传动齿轮33通过基板10设置的通孔12与传动齿条311啮合连接，也即传动齿轮33部分穿过通孔12与传动齿条311啮合连接。当然，在其他实施例中，也可不在基板10上设置通孔12，传动齿轮33直接与传动齿条311啮合，可根据实际需求进行选择。
本发明所述的移相器的工作原理如下：
外部动力源，如旋转电机等，驱动传动齿轮33转动，传动齿轮33进一步通过传动齿条311驱动平动件31移动。平动件31在导向件32的作用下沿导向方向移动。平动件31在移动过程中，带动其上的移相片20相对基板10平动，移相片20在移动过程中，其上的耦合副线21与对应的耦合主线11的重合部分发生改变，进而改变信号传输路径的长度，实现移相器的相位调节。
本实施例中，基板10中的耦合主线11与移相片20中的耦合副线21均为微带线或带状线，高度较矮，便于移相器的集成，可减少移相器的体积。同时，移相器中设置了多个移相片20，也即为每个耦合主线11对应设 置一个移相片20，移相片20的数量依据耦合主线11的数量进行设置。通过采用多移相片20的设计，能够减少传动机构30中的平动件31的体积及重量，如图4所示的平动件31中，其可省去一些不必要的部分，进而实现体积及重量的减少，当然，在其他实施例中，也可设置一个移相片20，该移相片20上依据耦合主线11的数量设置对应的耦合副线21，也可设置多个移相片20，其中部分移相片中设置至少一个耦合副线21，只需确保耦合主线11与耦合副线21一一对应。
结合图7和图8所示，本发明还揭示了一种天线单元200，包括上述所述的移相器100和至少一个天线振子101，天线振子101与移相器100中的输出端口连接，这里的连接为电连接或者耦合连接，移相器100直接或者间接为天线振子101馈电。
如图9所示，本发明还揭示了一种天线300，包括多个天线单元200，多个天线单元200成阵列排布，也即排布成一排或多排。每排天线单元200中，各个天线单元200内的传动齿轮33通过一转轴同轴连接，外部动力源可通过转轴驱动各个天线单元200内的移相器同步调节相位，以增加传动的平稳性。外部动力源包括但不限于设于转轴上的斜齿轮、带动斜齿轮转动的蜗杆及驱动蜗杆转动的电机。
实施时，电机带动蜗杆转动，蜗杆进一步通过斜齿轮带动转轴转动，将电机的圆周运动转换为横向的圆周运动。转轴转动过程中，带动每个传动齿轮33转动，传动齿轮33通过传动齿条311带动对应的平动件31沿导向件32的导向方向直线移动，平动件31在移动过程中带动移相片20进行平动，使移相片20上耦合副线21与对应的耦合主线11的重合部分发生改变，以实现移相器的相位调节。
本发明所述的移相器，一方面通过设置导向件32，使平动件31在移动过程中沿导向件32的导向方向移动，避免平动件31在移动过程中产生位置偏差，使移相器性能更稳定；另一方面，通过在平动件31上设置限位 区域，并在限位区域内设置弹性抵压部37和第一定位件36，使移相片20上的耦合副线21与对应的耦合主线11紧密贴合的同时确保移相片20保持相对平动件31静止，提高移相精度高，使移相性能更稳定。
另外，本发明所述的天线单元及天线由于具有上述移相器，因此也具有上述优点，并且天线单元和天线可满足小型化需求。
本发明的技术内容及技术特征已揭示如上，然而熟悉本领域的技术人员仍可能基于本发明的教示及揭示而作种种不背离本发明精神的替换及修饰，因此，本发明保护范围应不限于实施例所揭示的内容，而应包括各种不背离本发明的替换及修饰，并为本专利申请权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种移相器，其特征在于，所述移相器包括：
    基板，所述基板上设有至少一个耦合主线；
    至少一个移相片，每个移相片上设有至少一个耦合副线，每个耦合副线对应与一耦合主线相耦合；
    传动机构，所述传动机构包括：
    导向件；
    平动件，所述平动件上设有传动齿条且所述平动件滑动设于所述导向件上；所述移相片固定在所述平动件上，以在所述平动件的带动下相对所述基板平动；
    传动齿轮，与所述传动齿条相啮合，用于驱动所述平动件相对所述导向件移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述平动件上设有至少一个弹性抵压部，所述弹性抵压部用于抵压移相片，以使得移相片的耦合副线与对应的耦合主线紧密接触。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述平动件上设有至少一个安装部，每个安装部安装一所述移相片，每个安装部包括多个第一限位部，多个所述第一限位部围成一限位区域，所述限位区域内设置对应的移相片。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述平动件设置有第一定位件，所述移相片设置有与所述第一定位件相配合的第二定位件，以将所述移相片固定在所述平动件上。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的移相器，其特征在于，每个安装部中，所述限位区域内设置所述弹性抵压部。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述基板上设有通孔， 所述传动齿轮通过所述通孔与所述传动齿条啮合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述导向件上设有使平动件沿导向方向移动的第一导向部，所述平动件上设有与所述第一导向部相配合实现平动件导向移动的第二导向部。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述导向件上设有用于对平动件进行限位的第二限位部和第三限位部，所述平动件位于所述第二限位部和第三限位部之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述导向件朝向平动件一侧的表面上设有对平动件进行抵压的抵压平面。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的移相器，其特征在于，所述平动件包括弹性件，所述弹性抵压部由所述弹性件向所述移相片方向弯折凸起形成。
  11. 一种天线单元，其特征在于，所述天线单元包括权利要求1～10任意一项所述的移相器和至少一个天线振子，所述移相器直接或间接为所述天线振子馈电。
  12. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求11所述的天线单元，多个所述天线单元呈阵列排布。
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