WO2022264666A1 - シャフト炉の操業方法及び還元鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
シャフト炉の操業方法及び還元鉄の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022264666A1 WO2022264666A1 PCT/JP2022/017431 JP2022017431W WO2022264666A1 WO 2022264666 A1 WO2022264666 A1 WO 2022264666A1 JP 2022017431 W JP2022017431 W JP 2022017431W WO 2022264666 A1 WO2022264666 A1 WO 2022264666A1
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- shaft furnace
- gas
- temperature
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 115
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0086—Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for operating a shaft furnace and a method for producing reduced iron.
- Methods for producing reduced iron by reducing raw materials containing iron oxide include the blast furnace method, which uses coke as a reducing agent to produce hot metal, and the vertical furnace method, which uses reducing gas as a reducing agent (hereinafter referred to as " A method of blowing into a shaft furnace), a method of reducing ore fines in a fluidized bed with reducing gas, and a method of integrating raw material agglomeration and reduction (rotary kiln method) are known. .
- a reducing gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide (CO) or hydrogen (H 2 ) produced by reforming natural gas or coal is used as a reducing agent.
- the raw material charged into the furnace is heated by convective heat transfer with the reducing gas and reduced, and then discharged out of the furnace.
- Oxidized gases such as water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and H 2 gas and CO gas that did not contribute to the reduction reaction are discharged from the furnace.
- the raw materials (mainly Fe 2 O 3 ) charged into the furnace are subjected to reduction reactions represented by the following formulas (2) and (3) from CO gas and H 2 gas, which are reducing gases.
- Equation (3) the amount of reduction reaction by H 2 shown in Equation (3) should be increased.
- Reduction reactions with CO and H 2 differ in the amount of heat generated or absorbed in the reaction. That is, the heat of reduction reaction by CO is +6710 kcal/kmol (Fe 2 O 3 ), while the heat of reduction reaction by H 2 is ⁇ 22800 kcal/kmol (Fe 2 O 3 ). That is, the former is an exothermic reaction, whereas the latter is an endothermic reaction.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of preheating the raw material iron oxide charged from above to 100°C or higher and 627°C or lower in advance.
- Patent Document 1 required equipment for preheating the raw material.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and operates a shaft furnace that can produce reduced iron using a shaft furnace while suppressing CO 2 emissions and without preheating the raw material.
- the purpose is to provide a method.
- the present inventors found that H 2 generated by burning H 2 and O 2 as heat compensation during the reduction reaction with H 2 in a reducing furnace. It was found that the temperature drop in the upper part of the furnace can be suppressed by blowing combustion gas containing O into the upper part of the shaft furnace.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings. That is, the gist and configuration of the present invention are as follows.
- a reducing gas containing H2 as a main component is introduced into the shaft furnace to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate ore to obtain reduced iron.
- a method of operating a shaft furnace comprising: A heated gas containing H 2 O, which is heated to 800° C. or higher by burning H 2 and O 2 , is injected into the shaft from a position higher than the introduction position of the reducing gas in the height direction of the shaft furnace.
- a method of operating a shaft furnace that blows into the furnace.
- [5] A method for producing reduced iron using the method for operating a shaft furnace according to any one of [1] to [4] above.
- the operating method of the shaft furnace which can manufacture reduced iron using a shaft furnace, without preheating a raw material can be provided, suppressing discharge
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the temperature distribution of agglomerate ore in the height direction of the shaft furnace calculated by a mathematical model for the operating method of the shaft furnace according to the present example and comparative example.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of a conventional shaft furnace operating method.
- a surge bin 2 for storing agglomerate ore is installed in the upper part of the shaft furnace 1 .
- a surge bin 2 supplies agglomerate ore to the upper part of the furnace.
- CO and H2 produced by reforming natural gas are injected from the middle of the furnace.
- the temperature of the agglomerate ore charged into the furnace is raised by heat exchange with these reducing gases, and the iron oxide contained in the agglomerate ore is reduced to become reduced iron.
- the reduced agglomerate ore is discharged out of the furnace from the lower part of the furnace.
- a reducing gas containing H 2 as a main component is introduced into the furnace.
- “having H 2 as a main component” means that the content of H 2 contained in the reducing gas is 60% or more by volume.
- the content of H2 contained in the reducing gas is preferably 100%.
- by performing a reduction reaction using a reducing gas containing H2 as a main component it is possible to suppress the emission of CO2 compared to the case of performing a reduction reaction using a reducing gas containing CO as a main component. .
- the CO content in the reducing gas is preferably 40% by volume or less, more preferably 0% by volume.
- the amount of the reducing gas introduced into the shaft furnace is not particularly limited, but is 1500 Nm 3 /t-DRI or more for the reason that the agglomerate ore is smoothly lowered in the furnace while maintaining the production amount of reduced iron. It is preferably 3500 Nm 3 /t-DRI or less.
- the temperature of the reducing gas is not particularly limited, it is preferably 800°C or higher in order to maintain a predetermined reduction rate of the agglomerate ore.
- the temperature of the reducing gas is measured with a thermometer installed at the reducing gas inlet. By setting the temperature of the reducing gas to 800° C. or higher, a predetermined reduction rate can be maintained, and the reduction rate of the agglomerate ore reached by the time it is discharged from the lower part of the shaft furnace can be 90% or higher.
- the reduction reaction of iron oxide by H2 is an endothermic reaction. Therefore, when iron oxide is reduced with a reducing gas containing H 2 as a main component, there is a concern that the temperature in the furnace will decrease and the reduction rate will decrease.
- Temperature rise gas above °C is blown in to suppress the temperature drop in the furnace.
- the reducing gas when the reducing gas is introduced from the central position in the height direction of the shaft furnace, the reducing gas flows upward in the shaft furnace. Therefore, by blowing the high-temperature raised gas from the blowing position higher than the introduction position of the reducing gas, it is possible to secure the reducing region and suppress the temperature drop in the furnace.
- a gas containing H 2 O obtained by burning H 2 and O 2 is used as the temperature raising gas.
- hot gases containing CO 2 obtained by burning hydrocarbons are blown in.
- a heated gas containing H 2 O obtained by burning H 2 and O 2 it is possible to suppress the temperature drop in the furnace while reducing the amount of CO 2 emissions. can.
- the elevated temperature gas includes H2O .
- the elevated temperature gas preferably contains 67% by volume or more of H 2 O.
- the content of H 2 O in the temperature-rising gas is preferably 98% by volume or less. If the entire amount of the temperature-rising gas is H 2 O, the reduced agglomerate above the temperature-rising gas injection position is re-oxidized by the temperature-rising gas. Therefore, it is preferable to add a small amount of H 2 to the elevated temperature gas to suppress the reoxidation, and therefore the upper limit of the content of H 2 O in the elevated temperature gas is preferably 98% by volume.
- the elevated temperature gas contains H 2 O obtained by burning H 2 and O 2 .
- H 2 O obtained by burning H 2 and O 2 in the temperature-raised gas leads to suppression of CO 2 emissions.
- H 2 used for combustion is preferably generated by electrolyzing water using power generated while suppressing CO 2 emissions.
- the elevated temperature gas may contain components other than H2O .
- the elevated temperature gas can include N2 , H2, O2 , CO2 , CO in one example.
- the content of CO2 in the temperature-rising gas is preferably 28% by volume or less.
- the content of CO in the temperature-rising gas is preferably 19% by volume or less.
- the gas discharged from the furnace top is recovered and reused as a reducing gas.
- Inert gas (N 2 ) is preferably not contained in the gas discharged from the furnace top so as to have sufficient reducing ability when reused as reducing gas. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the content of inert gas in the temperature-rising gas.
- the content of inert gas in the elevated temperature gas is 50% by volume or less.
- the temperature of the heated gas is 800°C or higher.
- the temperature of the temperature-raised gas is measured, for example, by a thermometer installed at the inlet of the temperature-raised gas.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the heated gas is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1000° C. or less.
- the temperature of the heated gas is preferably 900° C. or higher. Further, the temperature of the heated gas is more preferably 950° C. or less.
- the amount of heated gas blown into the shaft furnace is preferably 200 Nm 3 /t-DRI or more, and preferably 400 Nm 3 /t-DRI or less.
- DRI means Direct Reduced Iron.
- the amount of the temperature-raised gas blown is measured, for example, by a gas flow meter provided at the temperature-raised gas inlet.
- the amount of the temperature-raised gas to be blown is more preferably 250 Nm 3 /t-DRI or more. Further, the blowing amount of the temperature-raised gas is more preferably 350 Nm 3 /t-DRI or less.
- the injection position of the heated gas is set above the introduction position of the reducing gas in the height direction of the shaft furnace.
- a reduction region can be ensured by blowing in the elevated temperature gas from above the introduction position of the reducing gas in the height direction of the shaft furnace.
- the position at which the heated gas is injected is not limited to one position, and a plurality of positions may be provided in the circumferential direction of the shaft furnace.
- L and l preferably satisfy the following formula (1), where l is the distance in the height direction of the shaft furnace from the position where the agglomerate ore is charged to the position where the heated gas is blown.
- the charging position of the agglomerate ore refers to the surface layer of the agglomerate packed bed in the shaft furnace.
- the introduction position of the reducing gas refers to the height of the introduction port of the reducing gas.
- the temperature-raised gas blowing position refers to the position of the temperature-raised gas blowing port.
- the introduction position of the reducing gas does not have to be particularly limited as long as it is below the blowing position of the temperature-raising gas.
- the introduction position of the reducing gas is not limited to one position, and a plurality of positions may be provided in the circumferential direction of the shaft furnace.
- the agglomerate ore charged into the shaft furnace may be fine ore or pellets made by firing fine ore into a spherical shape.
- the agglomerate ore may be sintered ore obtained by firing a raw material containing iron oxide.
- fine ore, pellets and sintered ore are collectively referred to as "agglomerate ore".
- iron oxide contained in the agglomerate ore is reduced using the above-described shaft furnace operation method, reduced iron can be produced using the shaft furnace while suppressing CO 2 emissions and without preheating the raw material. can be manufactured.
- Comparative Example 1 assumes operating conditions of a typical current shaft furnace. More specifically, in Comparative Example 1, it is assumed that the gas composition of the reducing gas is 60% by volume of CO and 40% by volume of H 2 , and no temperature-increasing gas is blown. In Comparative Example 2 , it is assumed that the total amount of the reducing gas is H2 and that no temperature-increasing gas is blown. In Example 1, it is assumed that the total amount of H 2 O temperature-increasing gas is blown into Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. The introduction position of the reducing gas was the central portion in the height direction of the shaft furnace, and the blowing position of the temperature-raised gas was the central portion between the introduction position of the reducing gas and the top of the shaft furnace.
- FIG. 3 shows the temperature distribution of the agglomerate in the furnace in the height direction of the shaft furnace calculated by the mathematical model.
- the vertical axis represents the position in the height direction from the introduction position of the reducing gas.
- the temperature of the agglomerate in the furnace is lowered due to the endothermic effect of hydrogen reduction.
- Example 1 it can be seen that the temperature of the agglomerate ore is raised by blowing H 2 O as the temperature raising gas.
- Comparative Example 2 the ultimate reduction rate of Comparative Example 2 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 1 by blowing in H 2 O as the temperature-increasing gas, the reduction rate was improved to the same level as in Comparative Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 … (2)
Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O … (3)
H2及びO2を燃焼させて800℃以上に昇温させたH2Oを含む昇温ガスを、前記シャフト炉の高さ方向において前記還元ガスの導入位置よりも上側の吹き込み位置から前記シャフト炉内に吹き込む、シャフト炉の操業方法。
L/4≦l≦L/2 …(1)
本実施形態に係るシャフト炉の操業方法では、H2を主成分とする還元ガスを炉内に導入する。ここで、H2を主成分とするとは、還元ガスに含まれるH2の含有量が、体積%で60%以上であることを意味する。還元ガスに含まれるH2の含有量は、好ましくは100%である。前述の通り、H2を主成分とする還元ガスを用いて還元反応を行うことで、COを主成分とする還元ガスを用いて還元反応を行う場合に比べて、CO2の排出を抑制できる。CO2排出量を低減させるため、還元ガス中のCO含有量は極力低減することが好ましい。還元ガス中のCO含有量は、好ましくは、40体積%以下、より好ましくは、0体積%である。
昇温ガスは、H2Oを含む。昇温ガスは、好ましくはH2Oを67体積%以上含む。昇温ガス中のH2Oの含有量は98体積%以下であることが好ましい。昇温ガスの全量がH2Oであると昇温ガス吹き込み位置よりも上側で還元された塊成鉱が当該昇温ガスにより再酸化される。このため、昇温ガスに少量のH2を添加して当該再酸化を抑制することが好ましく、したがって、昇温ガスのH2Oの含有量の上限は98体積%であることが好ましい。
L/4≦l≦L/2 …(1)
すなわち、塊成鉱の装入位置からのシャフト炉の高さ方向における距離lがL/4以上L/2以下となる位置から、昇温ガスをシャフト炉内に吹き込むことが好ましい。塊成鉱の装入位置からの距離lがL/4以上となる位置からH2Oを含むガスを吹き込むことで、水素還元に伴う炉内温度の低下をより効率的に抑制できる。また、H2Oを含む昇温ガスを吹き込んだ位置から塊成鉱の還元が停滞する。そのため、塊成鉱の装入位置からの距離lがL/2以下となる位置からH2Oを含む昇温ガスを吹き込むことで、炉内で塊成鉱に含まれる酸化鉄を還元するための領域を確保でき、還元率をより向上させることができる。ここで、塊成鉱の装入位置は、シャフト炉内の塊成鉱充填層の表層面を指す。また、還元ガスの導入位置は、還元ガスの導入口の高さを指す。昇温ガスの吹き込み位置は、昇温ガスの吹き込み口の位置を指す。
[参考文献2]鞭巌、外3名、「高炉の炉内反応速度」、日本金属学会誌、第30巻、1966年、第9号、p.826-831
[参考文献3]八木順一郎、外3名、「高炉モデルへの水素と水蒸気が関与する反応と層頂ガス温度の適用」、日本金属学会誌、第31巻、1697年、第6号、p.711-716
2 サージビン
Claims (5)
- 塊成鉱をシャフト炉に装入するとともに、H2を主成分とする還元ガスを前記シャフト炉に導入して、前記塊成鉱に含まれる酸化鉄を還元して還元鉄を得る、シャフト炉の操業方法であって、
H2及びO2を燃焼させて800℃以上に昇温させたH2Oを含む昇温ガスを、前記シャフト炉の高さ方向において前記還元ガスの導入位置よりも上側の吹き込み位置から前記シャフト炉内に吹き込む、シャフト炉の操業方法。 - 前記昇温ガスのH2Oの含有量は67体積%以上98体積%以下である、請求項1に記載のシャフト炉の操業方法。
- 前記昇温ガスは1000℃以下である、請求項1または2に記載のシャフト炉の操業方法。
- 前記塊成鉱の装入位置から前記還元ガスの導入位置までの前記シャフト炉の高さ方向における距離Lと、前記塊成鉱の装入位置から前記昇温ガスの吹き込み位置までの前記シャフト炉の高さ方向における距離lとが、下記式(1)を満たす、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のシャフト炉の操業方法。
L/4≦l≦L/2 …(1) - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のシャフト炉の操業方法を用いた、還元鉄の製造方法。
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Citations (4)
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JPS4944926A (ja) * | 1972-09-04 | 1974-04-27 | ||
JP2012102372A (ja) * | 2010-11-10 | 2012-05-31 | Nippon Steel Corp | 炉頂ガスを循環した直接還元炉の操業方法 |
JP5630222B2 (ja) | 2010-11-10 | 2014-11-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 予熱原料を使用した直接還元炉の操業方法 |
CN112176144A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-05 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种氢气喷吹炼铁竖炉装置及实现氢气炼铁低能耗的方法 |
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Patent Citations (4)
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JPS4944926A (ja) * | 1972-09-04 | 1974-04-27 | ||
JP2012102372A (ja) * | 2010-11-10 | 2012-05-31 | Nippon Steel Corp | 炉頂ガスを循環した直接還元炉の操業方法 |
JP5630222B2 (ja) | 2010-11-10 | 2014-11-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 予熱原料を使用した直接還元炉の操業方法 |
CN112176144A (zh) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-05 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种氢气喷吹炼铁竖炉装置及实现氢气炼铁低能耗的方法 |
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HIDEHO KUBO: "A Dynamic One-Dimensional Simulation Model of Blast Furnace Process", KAWASAKI STEEL GIHO, vol. 14, no. 2, 1982, pages 134 - 144 |
IWAO MUCHI: "Reaction Kinetics in the Blast Furnace", JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS AND MATERIALS, vol. 30, no. 9, 1966, pages 826 - 831 |
JUNICHIRO YAGI: "Application of the Reactions Concerning H and Steam and the Temperature of Top Gas to the Blast-Furnace Model", JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF METALS AND MATERIALS, vol. 31, no. 6, 6 January 1997 (1997-01-06), pages 711 - 716 |
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EP4353841A1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
CN117480266A (zh) | 2024-01-30 |
JP7264313B1 (ja) | 2023-04-25 |
BR112023026020A2 (pt) | 2024-02-27 |
AU2022294428A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
JPWO2022264666A1 (ja) | 2022-12-22 |
KR20240010493A (ko) | 2024-01-23 |
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