WO2022262817A1 - 显示装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

显示装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262817A1
WO2022262817A1 PCT/CN2022/099212 CN2022099212W WO2022262817A1 WO 2022262817 A1 WO2022262817 A1 WO 2022262817A1 CN 2022099212 W CN2022099212 W CN 2022099212W WO 2022262817 A1 WO2022262817 A1 WO 2022262817A1
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Prior art keywords
light
layer
display device
sub
liquid crystal
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PCT/CN2022/099212
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English (en)
French (fr)
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祝明
倪欢
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to KR1020247000332A priority Critical patent/KR20240017073A/ko
Priority to EP22824290.5A priority patent/EP4354507A1/en
Publication of WO2022262817A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262817A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G02F1/13478—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells based on selective reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/34—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 reflector
    • G02F2201/343—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 reflector cholesteric liquid crystal reflector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K59/873—Encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/877—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/878—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising reflective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
    • H10K59/8792—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. black layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8794—Arrangements for heating and cooling

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of display equipment, and more specifically, to a display device and electronic equipment.
  • OLED Organic light emitting diode
  • OLED Organic light emitting diode
  • C POL circular polarizer
  • the circular polarizer can effectively reduce the reflectivity of the panel under strong light and greatly improve the OLED panel itself. contrast.
  • the circular polarizer is an absorbing polarizer with a light transmittance of about 43%, so that about 60% of the light emitted by the OLED panel is absorbed, thereby reducing the light extraction efficiency of the OLED panel.
  • COE color filter on thin film encapsulation
  • TFE thin film encapsulation
  • the present application provides a display device and electronic equipment. By setting a light concentrating structure in the display device to gather light, more light can be extracted to the outside of the display device, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display device.
  • a display device comprising: a substrate; a light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate, the light-emitting layer including a plurality of sub-pixels; a light-gathering layer disposed on a side of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate
  • the light concentrating layer includes a plurality of light concentrating structures covering a plurality of sub-pixels, and the light concentrating structures are used to gather the light concentrating structures covered by the light concentrating structures. The light emitted by the subpixel.
  • the light emitted by the sub-pixels can be directed to the outer surface of the display device through the light-gathering structure. Under the refraction of the light structure, part of the light emitted by at least one sub-pixel can be gathered in the direction of the normal line (inside of the orthographic projection) of the light-gathering structure as a whole, thereby reducing the incidence of this part of light into the display device.
  • the incident angle of the surface makes the incident angle of this part of the light less than the critical value of the total reflection phenomenon, thereby weakening or completely avoiding the total reflection phenomenon of the light in the display device, so that more light can pass through the display device.
  • the outer surface is incident into the environment, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display device.
  • the light emitted by the sub-pixels of the light-emitting layer is gathered by setting a light-gathering layer composed of an array of light-gathering structures in the display device, and each light-gathering structure corresponds to itself
  • the light rays emitted by the sub-pixels are gathered (converged), so that part of the light with a large viewing angle can be transferred to a small viewing angle, so that the light that should be totally reflected and dissipated in the display device can be extracted to the outside of the display device.
  • the light extraction efficiency of the display device is improved.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application has higher light extraction efficiency, which can meet the user's demand for high brightness of the display device. Due to the higher light extraction efficiency, it can not only save the power consumption of the device, but also help improve the use of the device. life.
  • a circuit layer may also be provided between the substrate and the light-emitting layer, and the circuit layer may be, for example, a thin film transistor array layer.
  • the substrate may be made of any material such as glass, ceramics, plastic, metal or rubber, which is not limited in this application.
  • the substrate can be made of flexible materials, such as polyimide (PI), so that the substrate can be bent and deformed, so that the display device can meet the needs of foldable terminal devices (such as foldable mobile phones). usage requirements.
  • PI polyimide
  • the material of the light concentrating structure may be acrylic resin, polyimide resin, siloxane resin, phenolic resin, and the above-mentioned resin systems compounded with metal nanoparticles, which are not limited in this application.
  • the plurality of light concentrating structures cover the plurality of sub-pixels in one-to-one correspondence.
  • each light concentrating structure may also correspondingly cover a plurality of sub-pixels.
  • multiple light-gathering structures (for example, arranged in parallel or stacked) can also cover one sub-pixel at the same time. All of the above settings can play a role in gathering the light of the sub-pixels, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
  • each light-gathering structure can gather the light emitted by the multiple sub-pixels at the same time.
  • the whole gathers towards the normal or midline (inside of the orthographic projection) of the light-gathering structure. That is, the gathering reference object is relative to the light-gathering structure itself.
  • the display device further includes: a filter layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the light-gathering layer, the filter layer including a plurality of color-resisting units and surrounding the color The black matrix of the resistance unit, the plurality of color resistance units cover the plurality of sub-pixels in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application can improve the light output efficiency of the display device and reduce the power consumption of the display device by providing a filter layer without installing a polarizer on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting layer to prevent reflection of ambient light. , improve the service life of the display device.
  • the color resistance unit may be a color film
  • the red color resistance unit, the green color resistance unit or the blue color resistance unit are respectively a red color film, a green color film or a blue color film.
  • the thickness of the color film can be 1-5 microns.
  • the above-mentioned color filter can be formed by mature processes such as spin coating or inkjet printing.
  • the thickness of the black matrix is 1.5-5 microns, and the area proportion of the black matrix in the filter layer is greater than 50%, such as 75%-85%.
  • the thickness of the black matrix can be the same as that of the color filter.
  • the ratio of the area of the light-gathering structure to the light-emitting area of the sub-pixel is 0.6-2.2, wherein the area of the light-gathering structure is a cross-sectional area at 10% of the height.
  • the height of the light concentrating structure is greater than or equal to 2 microns. As a result, the light concentrating structure has a better light concentrating effect.
  • the light concentrating structure is a light concentrating microlens.
  • a convex lens For example, a convex lens.
  • the convex surface of the convex lens may be any one of a spherical surface, an ellipsoid, a paraboloid, a free-form surface, and the like.
  • the display device further includes: a protective layer disposed on a side of the light concentrating layer away from the substrate, and the refractive index of the light concentrating structure is greater than that of the protective layer.
  • the protective layer is covered on the light concentrating layer, and can isolate and protect the light concentrating structure.
  • the protective layer is made of a material with high light transmittance, such as optically clear adhesive (OCA), which is a double-sided adhesive tape without a matrix material, which has colorless, transparent, high Light transmittance (full light transmittance>99%), high adhesion, high temperature resistance, UV resistance, etc., and has a controlled thickness, can provide uniform spacing, and will not cause yellowing, peeling and spoilage problem.
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • the optical adhesive can be liquid optical clear adhesive (LOCA).
  • LOCA is a liquid adhesive that is colorless and transparent after curing, with a light transmittance of over 98%, and has the advantages of small curing shrinkage, yellowing resistance variable characteristics. In the field of full lamination, compared with traditional OCA tapes, LOCA has unique advantages in fields such as large sizes, curved surfaces, and harsh environments.
  • the LOCA may be optical clear resin (OCR).
  • the protective layer can be made of at least one material among acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyurethane, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, unsaturated polyester, etc., and the entire protective layer
  • the light transmittance is greater than or equal to 99%.
  • the refractive index difference between the light concentrating structure and the protective layer is 0.1-0.5.
  • the refractive index of the light concentrating structure ranges from 1.6 to 1.8
  • the refractive index of the protective layer ranges from 1.4 to 1.55.
  • the display device further includes: a scattering layer disposed on the side of the light concentrating layer away from the substrate, and the haze value of the scattering layer is 20% to 70%, such as fog The degree value is 40% to 55%.
  • the scattering layer is formed by scattering scattering particles inside the protective layer.
  • scattering particles are doped during the production process of the protective layer.
  • the size of the scattering particles is greater than 2 microns and less than half of the length of the shortest side of the sub-pixel.
  • the material of the scattering particles can be an organic scatterer particle, such as crosslinked poly Styrene (polystyrene, PS), cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), organosilicon polymer or inorganic scattering particles, such as titanium dioxide, etc., need to be fully mixed during the sample preparation process to ensure that the scattering particles
  • the uniformity of distribution is greater than 85%, and the method of adjusting the haze value can be realized by controlling the ratio of matrix resin and scattering particles.
  • the scattering particles are spherical structures, and the diameter of the spherical structures is 1-3 microns.
  • the display device further includes: an encapsulation layer disposed between the light emitting layer and the light concentrating layer; a scattering layer disposed between the encapsulation layer and the light concentrating layer , the haze value of the scattering layer is 5%-85%.
  • the encapsulation layer may be a thin film encapsulation layer, and the encapsulation layer is used for encapsulating and protecting the light-emitting layer to prevent impurities such as water vapor and oxygen from invading into the light-emitting layer and causing erosion and damage to it.
  • the encapsulation layer may be formed by stacking one or more thin film structures, for example, the encapsulation layer may include at least one layer of inorganic material and/or organic material (such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide).
  • the encapsulation layer may include at least one layer of inorganic material and/or organic material (such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide).
  • the display device further includes: a touch layer disposed between the encapsulation layer and the light concentrating layer, the touch layer includes a flat layer, and the scattering layer is formed by the The flat layer is formed by scattering scattering particles inside.
  • the flat layer of the touch layer is reused, and the scattering particles are dispersed in the flat layer to form a scattering layer, which is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness of the display panel.
  • the plurality of light concentrating structures cover the plurality of blue sub-pixels in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the multiple light concentrating structures of the light concentrating layer only cover the blue sub-pixels, but not the red sub-pixels or the green sub-pixels. Since the light-emitting power consumption of the blue sub-pixel accounts for almost half of the working power consumption of the entire display device, under the premise that the number of light-gathering structures is limited, the light-gathering structure only covers the blue sub-pixels, which can effectively reduce the blue sub-pixels. The light-emitting power consumption of the pixel is beneficial to reduce the overall power consumption of the display device to the greatest extent.
  • the light-gathering structure only covers the blue sub-pixels, which is also beneficial to reduce the density of the light-gathering structure, and further helps to reduce the processing difficulty of the light-gathering layer in the manufacturing process.
  • the sub-pixels include organic light emitting diodes or micron light emitting diodes.
  • the display device further includes: a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is used for The emitted light in the second rotation direction is reflected to the light-emitting layer and allows the light in the first rotation direction to pass through; the light-emitting layer is also used to rotate the light in the second rotation direction to the first rotation direction and reflect it to the The cholesteric liquid crystal layer; the circular polarizer layer, located on the side of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer away from the substrate, the circular polarizer layer includes a retardation film and a linear polarizer, and the retardation film The light in the first rotation direction is converted into vertically polarized light or horizontally polarized light that can pass through the linear polarizer.
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is provided between the light-emitting layer and the circular polarizer to selectively reflect left-handed polarized light or right-handed polarized light to the light-emitting layer of the display device.
  • the reflected left-handed or right-handed polarized light is rotated and reflected again, so that both the left-handed polarized light and the right-handed polarized light emitted by the light-emitting layer can finally pass through the circular polarizer to the outside of the display device, thereby improving the display device. light extraction efficiency.
  • the light in the first rotation direction is left-handed polarized light
  • the light in the second rotation direction is right-handed polarized light.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can reflect the right-handed polarized light emitted by the sub-pixels of the light-emitting layer back to the light-emitting layer, and transmit the left-handed polarized light through.
  • the light-emitting layer rotates the right-handed polarized light into left-handed polarized light and reflects it back to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • the light in the first rotation direction may also be right-handed polarized light
  • the light in the second rotation direction is left-handed polarized light.
  • the configuration (helical direction) of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can be changed so that the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can reflect left-handed polarized light and transmit right-handed polarized light, and the linear polarizer is set to allow vertically polarized light to pass through. , while shielding (blocking) horizontally polarized light is enough.
  • the linear polarizer may be a metal wire grid type, a multilayer birefringent polymer film type or a MacNeille type polarizer.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystal patterns, and the plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal patterns cover the plurality of sub-pixels in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the effective wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes the entire visible light.
  • the light concentrating layer further includes a black matrix surrounding the light concentrating structure.
  • the black matrix can absorb the ambient light incident from the external environment, which can reduce the reflectivity of the panel and improve the contrast of the display device.
  • the plurality of light concentrating structures cover the plurality of blue sub-pixels in one-to-one correspondence, and the effective wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes a blue light band.
  • the light concentrating layer further includes a yellow photoresist surrounding the light concentrating structure.
  • the yellow photoresist can allow green light and red light to pass through, and absorb light in other wavelength bands.
  • the reflectivity of the display device can be reduced by setting the yellow photoresist, and the contrast of the display device can be improved.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes a casing, and a display device provided by any possible design in the aforementioned first aspect, the display device is installed in the casing superior.
  • the electronic device is any electronic product with a display function, including but not limited to a mobile phone (such as a foldable mobile phone), a tablet computer, a TV, a notebook computer, a computer monitor, a smart watch, a vehicle display device, a navigator, and the like.
  • a mobile phone such as a foldable mobile phone
  • a tablet computer such as a TV
  • a notebook computer such as a notebook computer
  • a computer monitor such as a notebook computer
  • smart watch such as a smart watch
  • vehicle display device such as a navigator, and the like.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a circular polarizer.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLED panel based on a COE architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of total reflection of the emitted light from the OLED panel provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a simulation comparison diagram of the effect of the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application and the display device in the prior art.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light concentrating structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a touch layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Substrate; 20 Thin-film transistor array layer; 30. Organic light-emitting layer; 31. Pixel definition layer; 32. Sub-pixel light-emitting unit; 33. Anode layer; 34. Cathode layer; 40. Thin film encapsulation layer; 50. Flat layer ; 60, color filter layer; 61, black matrix; 62, color resistance unit; 70, connecting layer; 80, cover layer; 90, functional layer;
  • T1 the first flat layer
  • T2 the second flat layer
  • T3 the buffer layer
  • the terms “installation” and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Ground connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • installation and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated Ground connection; it can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or mutual communication; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “upper”, “lower”, “side”, “front”, “rear”, “inner”, “outer” etc.
  • the orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the application .
  • OLED display devices have many advantages such as self-illumination, rich colors, fast response speed, wide viewing angle, light weight, thin thickness, low power consumption, flexible display and large-area full-color display, etc. It is recognized by the industry as the display device with the most potential for development. An OLED display device made by using an OLED display panel is regarded as a display device with great application prospects, especially in the field of flat panel display, and the OLED display device is considered to be a development trend.
  • the OLED display panel is provided with a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, and each pixel includes a corresponding number of sub-pixels according to the color matching mode of the OLED display panel.
  • each pixel may include three sub-pixels, wherein one sub-pixel is an R sub-pixel, one sub-pixel is a G sub-pixel, and one sub-pixel is a G sub-pixel.
  • the sub-pixels are B sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel includes a light-emitting element.
  • the light-emitting layer in the light-emitting element is excited by the excitons formed by the combination of holes and electrons to emit light of a corresponding color. That is, the R sub-pixel, the G sub-pixel, and the B sub-pixel emit red, green, and blue light, respectively.
  • each pixel includes four sub-pixels, and the four sub-pixels include a red light display R sub-pixel, a G sub-pixel that can display green light, a B sub-pixel that can display blue light, and a W sub-pixel that can display white light.
  • RGBW red-green-blue-white
  • OLED can be divided into two categories: passive matrix OLED (passive matrix OLED, PMOLED) and active matrix OLED (active matrix OLED, AMOLED). Active matrix OLED is also called active OLED.
  • AMOLED can realize large size and high resolution by integrating a thin film transistor (thin film transistor, TFT) and a capacitor in each pixel and maintaining the voltage by the capacitor. High-efficiency panels with high luminous efficacy are the focus of current research and the development direction of future display technology.
  • the OLED panel in the embodiments of the present application mainly involves AMOLED.
  • AMOLED generally has an anode layer, an organic light-emitting layer, a cathode layer, and the like formed sequentially on a substrate.
  • the anode layer should be made of materials with the highest possible work function, and the common material is indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the commonly used cathode material is magnesium-silver alloy.
  • a polarizer can be attached to the outside of the AMOLED display panel, and it is a circular polarizer (C POL) with a retardation film.
  • the polarizer adopts the principle of polarized light, which can effectively reduce the reflection intensity of external ambient light on the screen.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a circular polarizer.
  • the circular polarizer includes a linear polarizer 1 and a retardation film 2. After the ambient light passes through the linear polarizer 1 whose absorption axis is vertical, only half of the horizontal linear polarization remains.
  • the horizontally polarized light passes through the retardation film 2, it is converted into left-handed (circular) polarized light, and after the left-handed polarized light is reflected by the metal electrode of the cathode layer 3 of the OLED structure, it rotates 180° to become right-handed polarized light, and the right-handed polarized light passes through
  • the retardation film 2 After the retardation film 2, it is converted into vertically polarized light, and the vertically polarized light cannot pass through the linear polarizer 1 whose absorption axis is in the vertical direction, and cannot emit light, thereby reducing the reflection intensity of external ambient light on the screen.
  • the external ambient light is blocked in the circular polarizer, which greatly improves the contrast of the OLED display panel itself, and realizes the outdoor visual function of the OLED panel. Even under strong sunlight, the content of the screen can be clearly seen .
  • the output light of the OLED structure is non-polarized light, and 50% of the vertically polarized light cannot pass through the linear polarizer, which also causes loss of the light output of the OLED structure.
  • the outgoing light of the OLED structure passes through the cathode layer 3 of the OLED structure and shoots to the retardation film 2, including 50% left-handed polarized light and 50% right-handed polarized light in the outgoing light.
  • left-handed polarized light and right-handed polarized light are converted into horizontally polarized light and vertically polarized light respectively, vertically polarized light is absorbed by linear polarizer 1, and only horizontally polarized light can pass through the linear polarized light.
  • the polarizer 1 is radiated to the outside world.
  • the circular polarizer is an absorbing polarizer with a light transmittance of less than 50%, which is only about 43% in practical applications, so that the light emitted by the OLED device is also absorbed by about 60%, thereby reducing the Light extraction efficiency of OLED devices. That is to say, although the circular polarizer realizes the outdoor viewing function of the OLED panel, it brings about the problem of low light extraction efficiency.
  • COE color filter on thin film encapsulation
  • TFE thin film encapsulation
  • the reflectance of the panel can be reduced to a level equivalent to that of a circular polarizer through the color film itself, and the light transmittance of the color film can reach more than 60%, which in turn can improve the light extraction efficiency of the OLED panel by about 10% to 30%.
  • color filters are lighter and thinner, which is also conducive to realizing thinner and lighter OLED panels to achieve flexible display characteristics.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLED panel based on a COE architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the OLED display panel provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array, each pixel includes at least three sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel can emit light of one color, and the three sub-pixels can respectively emit red light
  • the R sub-pixel, the G sub-pixel that emits green light, and the B sub-pixel that emits blue light can be set according to the color matching mode of the OLED display panel. For ease of illustration, only one pixel of the OLED panel is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the OLED panel sequentially includes a substrate 10, a thin film transistor array layer 20, an organic light emitting layer 30, a thin film encapsulation layer 40, a flat (over coating, OC) layer 50, a color filter layer 60, and a connection layer 70. , a cover layer 80 and a functional layer 90 .
  • the organic light emitting layer 30 includes a pixel define layer (pixel define layer, PDL) 31 , a sub-pixel light emitting unit 32 , an anode layer 33 and a cathode layer 34 .
  • the pixel defining layer 31 is made of a black opaque material, and a plurality of opening areas are formed inside, each opening area is provided with a sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32, and the side of the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 facing the substrate 10 is provided with an anode layer 33,
  • the anode layer 33 is also located in the opening area defined by the pixel defining layer 31.
  • the side of the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 facing away from the substrate 10 is provided with a cathode layer 34.
  • the cathode layer 34 has at least enough light transmittance, so that the sub-pixel The light emitted by the light emitting unit 32 can pass through the cathode layer 34 and emit to the outside.
  • FIG. 2 shows three sub-pixel light emitting units 32 in one pixel, which are the R sub-pixel emitting red light, the G sub-pixel emitting green light and the B sub-pixel emitting blue light.
  • the thin film encapsulation layer 40 is located outside the organic light-emitting layer 30 , and is used to prevent water vapor or oxygen from invading into the organic light-emitting layer 30 and causing damage to it.
  • the planarization layer 50 is used for planarizing (levelling) the thin film encapsulation layer 40 , so as to facilitate reliable disposition of the color filter layer 60 on the thin film encapsulation layer 40 .
  • the color filter layer 60 includes a color-resist unit 62 and a black matrix (black matrix, BM) 61 between adjacent color-resist units 62.
  • the black matrix is made of a black opaque material, and the light emitted by the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 It can only pass through the color resistance unit 62 to emit to the outside.
  • the color-resisting unit 62 is used to allow light of a specific wavelength to pass through.
  • the color-resisting unit 62 includes a plurality of sub-pixel light-emitting units 32 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the color-resist unit 62 may include a red color-resist unit, a green color-resist unit, and a blue color-resist unit, which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with R sub-pixels, G sub-pixels, and B sub-pixels to form a color filter functional layer.
  • connection layer 70 is made of a highly transparent material and is used to fix the cover layer 80 to the color filter layer 60
  • the connection layer 70 may be made of optical clear adhesive (OCA), for example.
  • OCA optical clear adhesive
  • cover layer 80 is used to provide mechanical support and protection for the panel, and the cover layer 80 may be a glass cover, for example.
  • the functional layer 90 is used to realize corresponding functions, and the functional layer 90 may be, for example, an anti-reflection layer (anti-reflection, AR) that reduces light reflection.
  • AR anti-reflection
  • the OLED panel shown in FIG. 2 can also improve the light extraction efficiency of the panel (can increase the light extraction rate from 42% to 60%), and, compared with the circular polarizer, the color filter layer 60 is lighter and thinner (can reduce the thickness Reduced from 100 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m), it is beneficial to realize the folding and bending characteristics of the OLED panel, and realize the thinning of the panel.
  • the OLED panel adopting the COE structure can increase the light output efficiency to about 60%, the light output efficiency of 60% may still be difficult to meet the needs of users.
  • more power consumption is required for the OLED panel, thus reducing the service life of the OLED panel, and providing an OLED panel with higher light output efficiency becomes Problems that need to be solved urgently.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of total reflection of the emitted light from the OLED panel provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • some structural simplifications are made to the OLED panel in FIG. 3 , and the above simplifications do not constitute any limitation on the structure of the OLED panel provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the OLED panel includes a substrate 10 , an organic light-emitting layer 30 , a thin film encapsulation layer 40 , a color filter layer 60 , and a functional layer 90 , which are stacked directly or indirectly (through an intermediary) in sequence.
  • the organic light-emitting layer 30 has a plurality of sub-pixel light-emitting units 32, and the light emitted by the sub-pixel light-emitting units 32 sequentially passes through the thin film encapsulation layer 40, the color-resist unit 62 on the color filter layer 60, and then shoots to the top surface (outer surface) of the functional layer 90. surface).
  • the top surface of the functional layer 90 is also the interface between the OLED panel and the external environment.
  • the light from the functional layer 90 is emitted into the air, which is equivalent to the light emitted from an optically denser medium to an optically thinner medium. At this time, total reflection may occur.
  • the color resistance unit 62 covers the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the area of the color-resistor unit 62 is larger than the light-emitting area of the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32.
  • the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 is equivalent to a point light source, and the light emitted by the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 After passing through the color-resist unit 62 , the incident angles to the functional layer 90 may be different. Some light incident angles are larger and some light incident angles are smaller. When the incident angle exceeds a certain critical value, the light tends to be fully emitted.
  • the first light L1, the second light L2, and the third light L3 emitted by the sub-pixel light-emitting unit 32 pass through the color-resisting unit 62 and then shoot to the top surface of the functional layer 90, wherein the second light
  • the incident angle of L2 and the third ray L3 exceeds the critical angle and total reflection occurs.
  • the refracted rays of the second ray L2 and the third ray L3 disappear completely.
  • the light no longer refracts and all returns to the inside of the panel for propagation, and the reflected light is finally absorbed by the material inside the panel. That is to say, for the first light L1 , the second light L2 and the third light L3 , only the first light L1 can pass through the functional layer 90 and emit to the outside.
  • part of the light emitted by the OLED panel may be reflected back to the inside of the panel by the interface between the panel and the environment, and finally absorbed and dissipated by the material inside the panel. It cannot be emitted into the environment, thereby reducing the light extraction efficiency of the OLED panel, and it is difficult to further improve the light extraction efficiency of the OLED panel. How to break the bottleneck and provide an OLED panel with higher light extraction efficiency has become a hot issue in the industry.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a display device and an electronic device.
  • a light-concentrating structure in the display device By setting a light-concentrating structure in the display device to gather light, more light can be extracted to the outside of the display device, thereby improving The light extraction efficiency of the display device.
  • the embodiment of the present application firstly provides a display device, the display device includes but is not limited to a display panel, for example, it may be the aforementioned OLED display panel, and it may also be a micro light-emitting diode (micro light-emitting diode, microLED ) and other structures of the display panel, but not limited thereto.
  • a display panel for example, it may be the aforementioned OLED display panel, and it may also be a micro light-emitting diode (micro light-emitting diode, microLED ) and other structures of the display panel, but not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a display device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a substrate 110 , a light emitting layer 120 and a light concentrating layer 160 .
  • the luminescent layer 120 is disposed on one side of the substrate 110, and the luminescent layer 120 can emit light in a direction away from the substrate 110 in the energized state, that is, along the vertical upward direction in FIG. The light emitting direction is generated, and the upper side of the light emitting layer 120 is the light emitting side.
  • the light-emitting layer 120 includes a plurality of pixel light-emitting units (hereinafter referred to as pixels) arranged in an array, and each pixel includes at least three sub-pixel light-emitting units (hereinafter referred to as sub-pixels) 121, and each sub-pixel 121 can display a color of light.
  • pixels pixel light-emitting units
  • sub-pixels sub-pixel light-emitting units
  • each pixel includes three sub-pixels 121, which are respectively a red sub-pixel capable of displaying (emitting) red light, a green sub-pixel capable of displaying green light, and a blue sub-pixel capable of displaying blue light .
  • the light-emitting layer 120 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 121 arranged in an array. For the convenience of illustration, only three sub-pixels 121 are shown in FIG. 4 . Along the direction from left to right in FIG. These three sub-pixels 121 constitute one pixel. That is to say, FIG. 4 only shows one pixel in the pixel array of the display device 100 .
  • the specific structure of the light emitting layer 120 may be different.
  • the display device 100 is an OLED display panel, and the light-emitting layer 120 is an organic light-emitting layer.
  • the sub-pixel 121 includes an organic light-emitting diode.
  • the plurality of sub-pixels 121 may also include the aforementioned W sub-pixels capable of displaying white light, that is, the display device 100 may be in an RGBW color matching mode at this time.
  • the display device 100 may also be a microLED display panel, in which case the sub-pixels 121 include micron light emitting diodes.
  • the light emitting layer 120 may further include a pixel defining layer 122 , an anode layer 123 and a cathode layer 124 .
  • the pixel definition layer is made of black opaque material, and a plurality of opening areas are formed inside, each opening area is provided with a sub-pixel 121, and the side of the sub-pixel 121 facing the substrate 110 is provided with an anode layer 123, and the anode layer 123 Also located in the opening area defined by the pixel defining layer 122, the side of the sub-pixel 121 away from the substrate 110 is provided with a cathode layer 124, and the cathode layer 124 is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel 121, so the cathode layer 124 should have sufficient light transmission. properties, so that the light emitted by the sub-pixel 121 can pass through the cathode layer 124 to the outside of the device.
  • a circuit layer 111 may also be provided between the substrate 110 and the light-emitting layer 120 , and the circuit layer 111 may be, for example, a thin film transistor array layer.
  • the substrate 110 may be made of any material such as glass, ceramics, plastic, metal or rubber, which is not limited in this application.
  • the substrate 110 can be made of flexible materials, such as polyimide (PI), so that the substrate 110 can be bent and deformed, so that the display device 100 can meet the needs of foldable terminal devices (such as foldable terminal devices). folding mobile phone) usage requirements.
  • PI polyimide
  • the light-gathering layer 160 is disposed on the side of the light-emitting layer 120 away from the substrate 110, that is, the light-gathering layer 160 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting layer 120, and the light-gathering layer 160 includes a plurality of light-gathering structures 161, a plurality of The light concentrating structure 161 covers a plurality of sub-pixels 121 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 is used to gather the light emitted by the sub-pixel 121 covered by itself. Converge toward the normal (axis, centerline) direction of the light concentrating structure 161 itself. That is to say, the light concentrating structure 161 itself converges toward the inside of the orthographic projection of the outer surface of the device.
  • each light concentrating structure 161 is correspondingly covered on one sub-pixel 121, and the light emitted by the sub-pixel 121 can be directed to the outer surface of the display device 100 through the light concentrating structure 161.
  • the interface of the external environment is also the interface between the optically dense medium and the light beam medium that is prone to total reflection. Under the refraction of the light concentrating structure, part of the light emitted by the sub-pixel 121 can be directed towards the normal of the light concentrating structure.
  • the (inner) direction is gathered, thereby reducing the incident angle of this part of the light entering the outer surface of the display device 100, so that the incident angle of this part of the light can be smaller than the critical value of the total reflection phenomenon, thus weakening or completely avoiding
  • the phenomenon of total reflection of light occurs in the device, so that more light can pass through the outer surface of the device and enter the environment, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display device 100 .
  • the light-concentrating structure 161 covers the sub-pixel 121, which may cover the entire sub-pixel 121 (that is, complete coverage), or cover a part of the sub-pixel 121 (that is, partial coverage), which is not limited in this application. . Coverage mentioned below shall include full coverage and partial coverage.
  • the light emitted by the sub-pixels 121 of the light-emitting layer 120 is collected by setting the light-concentrating layer 160 composed of an array of light-concentrating structures 161 in the display device 100.
  • the light-concentrating structures 161 Covering the sub-pixels 121 in one-to-one correspondence, each light-gathering structure 161 gathers (converges) the light emitted by its corresponding sub-pixel 121, so that part of the light with a large viewing angle can be diverted to a small Therefore, the light that should be totally reflected and dissipated in the device can be extracted to the outside of the device, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display device 100 .
  • the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application has higher light extraction efficiency, which can meet the user's demand for high brightness of the device. Due to the higher light extraction efficiency, it can not only save the power consumption of the device, but also help to improve the use of the device. life.
  • the three light rays emitted by the middle sub-pixel 121 pass through the light-condensing structure 161 to the outer surface of the device.
  • the two rays of light will directly shoot to the outer surface in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in the figure.
  • the incident angle of the two rays of light is relatively large, which may exceed the critical value and cause total reflection. Once total reflection occurs, the two rays will be reflected back to the inside of the device, and finally absorbed and dissipated by the material inside the device.
  • the above two light rays are converged toward the central axis (central line, that is, projected to the inside of itself) of the light concentrating structure 161, and finally radiate to the outside of the panel in the direction indicated by the solid arrow.
  • the incident angles of the two light rays are significantly reduced at this time, and the total reflection phenomenon will not occur again, but will be emitted to the outside of the device together with the middle light ray, thereby improving the light output efficiency of the device.
  • each light concentrating structure 161 may also cover a plurality of sub-pixels 121 correspondingly.
  • a plurality of light-concentrating structures 161 (for example, arranged in parallel or stacked) may also cover one sub-pixel 121 at the same time. All the above settings can play a role in gathering the light emitted by the sub-pixels 121, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
  • each light concentrating structure 161 covers a plurality of sub-pixels 121
  • the light concentrating structure 161 emits light from the plurality of sub-pixels 121 toward the normal line or center line of the light concentrating structure 161 (normal line).
  • the inner side of the projection) direction is gathered. That is, the gathered reference object is relative to the light concentrating structure 161 itself.
  • multiple light concentrating structures 161 covering multiple sub-pixels 121 should at least include at least one of the following three situations: one-to-one coverage of multiple light concentrating structures 161 on multiple sub-pixels 121 (one-to-one); each light-gathering structure 161 covers on multiple sub-pixels 121 (one-to-many); multiple light-gathering structures 161 cover one sub-pixel 121 at the same time (multiple to one).
  • Those skilled in the art can select one or more combinations of the above-mentioned ones according to specific requirements to gather the light of the sub-pixel 121 .
  • FIG. 5 is a simulation comparison diagram of the effect of the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application and the display device in the prior art. As shown in FIG. 5 , under the same test conditions, a computer simulation was performed using the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application and an existing traditional display device without a light-concentrating structure to obtain the relative brightness of the device under different viewing angles.
  • the simulation results show that the brightness (ie light extraction efficiency) of the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is obviously better than that of the existing traditional display devices. Under different viewing angles, the relative brightness of the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is almost greater than that of the existing traditional display device. When the viewing angle is 0 degrees, the brightness improvement effect of the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is the most obvious compared with the existing traditional display device, and the brightness improvement reaches more than 20%.
  • the display device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of the device by providing the light-concentrating structure 161 .
  • the display device 100 further includes an encapsulation layer 130 , a flat layer 140 , and a filter layer 150 sequentially stacked on the light emitting layer 120 .
  • the encapsulation layer 130 may be a thin film encapsulation layer, and the encapsulation layer 130 is used to encapsulate and protect the luminescent layer 120 to prevent impurities such as water vapor and oxygen from invading the luminescent layer 120 and causing erosion and damage to it.
  • the encapsulation layer 130 may be formed by stacking one or more thin film structures, for example, the encapsulation layer 130 may include at least one layer of inorganic material and/or organic material (such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide).
  • the planarization layer 140 is used to planarize the encapsulation layer 130 , so as to facilitate reliable disposition of the filter layer 150 on the encapsulation layer 130 .
  • the flat layer 140 is made of a highly transparent material, and its total light transmittance is greater than or equal to 99%.
  • the planar layer 140 may be composed of at least one material of acrylic-based resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyurethane, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, unsaturated polyester, and the like.
  • the filter layer 150 is disposed between the light-emitting layer 120 and the light-concentrating layer 160.
  • the filter layer 150 includes a plurality of color-resist units 151 and a black matrix 152 surrounding the color-resist units 151, and the plurality of color-resist units 151 cover each other one by one. on the plurality of sub-pixels 121 .
  • the color-resist unit 151 is used for passing light of a specific wavelength
  • the plurality of color-resist units 151 include a red color-resist unit, a green color-resist unit and a blue color-resist unit.
  • a plurality of color-resistive units 151 correspond to a plurality of sub-pixels 121 one by one.
  • the red color-resistive unit covers the sub-pixel 121 that emits red light
  • the green color-resistive unit covers the sub-pixel 121 that emits green light
  • the blue color-resistive unit covers the sub-pixel 121 that emits green light.
  • the unit covers the sub-pixels 121 that emit blue light. That is to say, corresponding to the three sub-pixels 121 in FIG. 4, along the direction from left to right in FIG. unit.
  • the black matrix 152 is arranged around the color-resist unit 151 , and two adjacent color-resist units 151 are provided with a black matrix 152 .
  • the black matrix 152 is provided with a plurality of openings, and each opening is provided with a color resist unit 151 , and the color of the color group unit 151 corresponds to the light emitting color of the sub-pixel 121 covered by itself.
  • the black matrix 152 is made of a black opaque material, such as a black resin material, and the light emitted by the sub-pixels 121 can only pass through the color-resist unit 151 to the outside of the panel.
  • the color-resist unit 151 may be a color film, and the red color-resist unit, the green color-resist unit or the blue color-resist unit are respectively a red color film, a green color film or a blue color film.
  • the thickness of the color film can be 1-5 microns.
  • the above-mentioned color filter can be formed by mature processes such as spin coating or inkjet printing.
  • the thickness of the black matrix 152 is 1.5-5 microns, and the proportion of the area occupied by the black matrix 152 in the filter layer 150 is greater than 50%, such as 75%-85%, and the thickness of the black matrix 152 can be the same as that of the color filter of the same thickness.
  • the display device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the light extraction efficiency of the display device 100 by providing the filter layer 150 without further disposing a polarizer on the light emitting side of the light emitting layer 120 to prevent reflection of ambient light, thereby reducing the display
  • the power consumption of the device 100 is reduced, and the service life of the display device 100 is improved.
  • the light-condensing structure 161 covers the color-resist unit 151 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the area ratio of 151 is 0.6 to 2.2.
  • the color-resisting unit 151 (for example, more than 80% of the area) is covered by the light-condensing structure 161, thereby ensuring that the light-condensing structure 161 can treat most of the light passing through the color-resisting unit 151. Gathering is beneficial to improve the light extraction efficiency of the panel.
  • the filter layer 150 can be made by using a low-temperature color film process, and its manufacturing temperature is lower than 100°C.
  • the manufacturing process is as follows: a black matrix 152 for anti-reflection is made on the flat layer 140, and then photoresisting is carried out after cleaning. Coating, after coating the red photoresist first, after exposure, development, and baking, a red color film (red color resist unit) is formed, and then a green color film and a blue color film are sequentially fabricated.
  • the display device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a display device under the COE architecture.
  • the display device 100 is not limited to the COE architecture, and may also be other architectures.
  • the display device 100 may not include the filter layer 150, which is not limited in this application.
  • the light concentrating layer 160 includes a plurality of light concentrating structures 161 arranged in an array. This application does not limit the specific structure of the light concentrating structures 161, as long as the optical elements that can play the role of concentrating light should be included in the protection of this application. within range.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 can extract more light to the outside of the device, so the light concentrating structure in this application can also be called a light-trapping microstructure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light concentrating structure 161 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be any regular or irregular optical element capable of concentrating light.
  • the height H of the light concentrating structure 161 provided in the embodiment of the present application is greater than or equal to 2 microns, so that the light concentrating structure has a better light concentrating effect.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 may be a light concentrating microlens, such as a converging convex lens.
  • the height H of the light concentrating structure 161 refers to the distance from the bottom surface S0 of the light concentrating structure 161 to the apex.
  • the side is the light incident side of the light concentrating structure 161 .
  • the apex is away from the sub-pixel 121 and is the light-emitting side of the light-condensing structure 161 .
  • the direction along the bottom surface S0 of the light concentrating structure 161 to the apex that is, the direction in which light is emitted, is also the thickness direction of the display device 100 .
  • the cross section of the light concentrating structure 161 may also be trapezoidal, with a top surface and a bottom surface S0, both of which are planes.
  • the height H of the light concentrating structure 161 refers to the distance from the bottom surface S0 to the top surface of the light concentrating structure 161 .
  • the bottom surface S0 is pasted on the color-resist unit 151 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the light concentrating structure 161 may be different.
  • the cross-sectional area S at 10% of the height of the light concentrating structure 161 is defined as the area of the light concentrating structure 161 . That is to say, for the light concentrating structure 161 of different structures shown in FIG. 6 , the cross-sectional area S at H/10 is the area of the light concentrating structure 161 .
  • the ratio of the area of the light concentrating structure 161 ie, the cross-sectional area at 10% of the height
  • the ratio of the area of the light concentrating structure 161 is 0.6 ⁇ 2.2.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 can gather most of the light, which is beneficial to improve The light extraction efficiency of the device.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 is a convex lens, and the sagittal height of the convex lens is greater than or equal to 2 microns, so that the light concentrating structure 161 has a better light concentrating effect.
  • the convex surface of the convex lens may be any one of a spherical surface, an ellipsoid, a paraboloid, a free-form surface, and the like.
  • the material of the light concentrating structure 161 may be acrylic resin, polyimide resin, siloxane resin, phenolic resin, and the above-mentioned resin systems compounded with metal nanoparticles, which are not limited in this application.
  • a plurality of light-concentrating structures 161 cover the plurality of sub-pixels 121 (ie, the plurality of color-resisting units 151 ) in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of light collecting structures 161 may be equal to or less than the number of sub-pixels 121 .
  • the number of light concentrating structures 161 is the same as the number of sub-pixels 121 , and at this time each sub-pixel 121 is covered by the light concentrating structure 161 . That is to say, the red sub-pixels, the green sub-pixels and the blue sub-pixels are all covered by the light collecting structure 161 .
  • the number of light concentrating structures 161 is smaller than the number of sub-pixels 121 , at this time only some of the sub-pixels 121 are covered by the light concentrating structures 161 , not all of them.
  • a plurality of light concentrating structures 161 cover a plurality of blue sub-pixels in one-to-one correspondence, that is to say, the plurality of light concentrating structures 161 of the light concentrating layer only cover the blue sub-pixels, but not sub-pixel or green sub-pixel. Since the light-emitting power consumption of the blue sub-pixel accounts for almost half of the working power consumption of the entire panel, under the premise of a limited number of lenses, the light-condensing structure 161 only covers the blue sub-pixel to collect light, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of the blue sub-pixel. Light-emitting power consumption, which in turn helps to minimize the overall power consumption of the panel.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 only covers the blue sub-pixels, which is also beneficial to reduce the arrangement density of the light concentrating structure 161 , and further helps to reduce the processing difficulty of the light concentrating layer 160 in the manufacturing process.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 may also cover part of the sub-pixels 121 in any manner according to actual needs, for example, only cover the red sub-pixel and/or the green sub-pixel, which is not limited in this application.
  • the light concentrating layer 160 (that is, the light concentrating structure 161) can be formed and processed by the yellow light process, and the specific process flow is as follows:
  • the surface of the filter layer 150 is cleaned to remove foreign matter on the surface and improve the water affinity of the surface to avoid coating defects; then, the photoresist film is coated with the coating equipment to form the entire photoresist film; The equipment initially cures the photoresist to connect with the substrate, and removes part of the chemical solution inside the photoresist; then matches the photolithography mask, exposure distance and exposure energy to define the position accuracy and pattern; then uses the developing equipment to match the developing temperature and developing time Develop the pattern after photolithography; finally perform a hard-baking process to finally cure the light-concentrating structure 161 to avoid abnormalities in subsequent processes.
  • the display device 100 further includes a protective layer 170 disposed on the side of the light-condensing layer 160 away from the substrate 110 , and the refractive index of the light-condensing structure 161 is greater than that of the protective layer.
  • the protection layer 170 is covered on the light concentrating layer 160 and can protect the light concentrating structure 161 .
  • the protective layer 170 is made of a material with high light transmittance, such as optically clear adhesive (OCA), which is a double-sided bonding tape without a matrix material, and has colorless transparency and high light transmittance. (full light transmittance>99%), high adhesion, high temperature resistance, UV resistance, etc., and has a controlled thickness, can provide uniform spacing, and will not cause yellowing, peeling and deterioration problems after long-term use .
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • the optical adhesive can be liquid optical clear adhesive (LOCA).
  • LOCA is a liquid adhesive that is colorless and transparent after curing, with a light transmittance of over 98%, and has the advantages of small curing shrinkage, yellowing resistance variable characteristics. In the field of full lamination, compared with traditional OCA tapes, LOCA has unique advantages in fields such as large sizes, curved surfaces, and harsh environments.
  • the LOCA may be optical clear resin (OCR).
  • the protective layer 170 can be made of at least one material among acrylic-based resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyurethane, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, unsaturated polyester, etc., and the protective layer 170
  • the total light transmittance is greater than or equal to 99%.
  • the refractive index difference between the light concentrating structure 161 and the protective layer 170 is 0.1 ⁇ 0.5.
  • the light concentrating structure 161 can have a better light converging effect.
  • the refractive index of the light concentrating structure 161 ranges from 1.6 to 1.8
  • the refractive index of the protective layer 170 ranges from 1.4 to 1.55.
  • the display device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a scattering layer, the scattering layer is arranged on the side of the light concentrating layer 160 away from the substrate 110, and the haze value of the scattering layer is 20% to 70%, such as the haze value 40% to 55%.
  • the heat dissipation layer is formed by scattering scattering particles inside the protective layer 170 .
  • the scattering particles are evenly distributed inside the protective layer 170 (distribution uniformity greater than 85%), and the haze value of the heat dissipation layer can be adjusted according to the concentration of the scattering particles.
  • scattering particles are doped during the production process of the protective layer 170.
  • the size of the scattering particles is greater than 2 microns and less than half the length of the shortest side of the sub-pixel.
  • the material of the scattering particles can be organic scatterers, such as cross-linked polymer Styrene (polystyrene, PS), cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), organosilicon polymer or inorganic scattering particles, such as titanium dioxide, etc., need to be fully mixed during the sample preparation process to ensure that the scattering particles
  • the uniformity of distribution is greater than 85%, and the method of adjusting the haze value can be realized by controlling the ratio of matrix resin and scattering particles.
  • the scattering particles are spherical structures with a diameter of 1-3 microns. Therefore, the diffraction problem can be eliminated more effectively.
  • the display device 100 further includes a cover layer 180 and a functional layer 190 sequentially stacked on the protective layer 170 .
  • the cover layer 180 is used to provide mechanical support and protection for the panel, and the cover layer 180 may be a glass cover, for example.
  • the functional layer 190 is used to realize corresponding functions, and the functional layer 190 may be formed by stacking one or more thin films.
  • the functional layer 190 may include an anti-reflection layer for reducing light reflection.
  • the anti-reflection layer can reduce the reflection on the surface of the panel, improve the contrast of the display device 100, increase the color gamut of the display screen, and improve the visual perception in the off-screen state. Color cast and other issues.
  • the anti-reflection layer can be made by existing mature dry process or wet process, and the material of the anti-reflection layer can be, for example, silicon oxynitride or silicon dioxide.
  • the functional layer 190 may also include an anti-glare (AG) layer.
  • AG anti-glare
  • the AG layer can reduce the interference of ambient light, improve the viewing angle and brightness of the display screen, reduce the reflection of the screen, make the image clearer, the color more vivid, and the color more saturated, thereby significantly improving the display effect of the panel.
  • the functional layer 190 may further include an anti-fingerprint (AF) layer.
  • AF anti-fingerprint
  • the surface tension of the cover layer 180 can be reduced to a minimum, so that it has strong hydrophobicity, oil-repellency, and anti-fingerprint ability, thereby further achieving the effects of poor adhesion of stains on the surface of electronic products and easy cleaning.
  • the AF layer may be a fluoroether-based anti-fingerprint layer capable of reducing sweat contamination.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of the display device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the scattering layer 131 is disposed between the encapsulation layer 130 and the light concentrating layer 160 . That is to say, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , the scattering layer is located on the light-emitting side of the light-gathering layer 160 .
  • the light-gathering layer 160 first gathers the light emitted by the light-emitting layer 120 , and then the scattering layer scatters the light.
  • the scattering layer 131 is located on the light-incident side of the light-gathering layer 160 , and the light-gathering layer 160 converges the light after the scattering layer 131 first scatters the light emitted by the light-emitting layer 120 .
  • the brightness of the display device 100 provided by this embodiment is higher at the front viewing angle.
  • the haze value of the scattering layer 131 may be 5%-85%.
  • the scattering layer 131 can also be formed by doping scattering particles inside a light-transmitting material such as resin. The material selection and manufacturing process of the scattering layer 131 can refer to the expressions in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the display device 100 further includes a touch on TFE (TOE) layer.
  • the touch layer is disposed between the encapsulation layer 130 and the light concentrating layer 160 , the touch layer includes a flat layer, and the scattering layer 131 is formed by scattering scattering particles inside the flat layer.
  • TOE touch on TFE
  • the scattering layer 131 is formed by reusing the flat layer of the touch layer and scattering particles inside the flat layer, which is beneficial to reduce the overall thickness of the display device 100 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a touch layer provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the touch layer includes a buffer layer T3 , a second flat layer T2 and a first flat layer T1 stacked in sequence.
  • Both the first flat layer T1 and the second flat layer T2 have a thickness of about two microns, and the first flat layer T1 and/or the second flat layer can be reused, that is, the first flat layer T1 and/or the second flat layer can be Doping scattering particles to form the scattering layer 131 can eliminate partial diffraction without affecting the normal operation of the touch layer.
  • the reflection of light indoors or under strong external light causes reading interference, and the dark state is not dark.
  • a circular polarizer that can resist ambient light reflection is added on the outside, and the combination of a linear polarizer and a phase compensation film adjusts the reflected light of the OLED cathode to a polarization state that cannot pass through the linear polarized light.
  • the light emitted by the OLED is non-polarized light, and 50% of the vertically polarized light cannot pass through the linear polarizer, which also causes loss to the light emitted by the OLED display panel.
  • the display device 100 provided by the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4-8 replaces the traditional circular polarizer with a filter layer 150, and further sets a light-gathering layer 160 on the filter layer 150 to gather light, thereby The light extraction efficiency of the display device 100 is improved.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a display device, the display device can retain the circular polarizer, but by setting a cholesteric liquid crystal (cholesteric liquid crystal, CLC) layer inside the display device to selectively turn left-handed polarized light or right-handed
  • a cholesteric liquid crystal cholesteric liquid crystal, CLC
  • the polarized light is reflected to the light-emitting layer of the device, and the light-emitting layer of the device rotates and reflects the reflected left-handed or right-handed polarized light again, so that both the left-handed and right-handed polarized light emitted by the light-emitting layer can finally pass through the circular polarizer
  • the light is irradiated to the outside of the panel, thereby improving the light extraction efficiency of the display device.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer (also known as the chiral light emitting layer) is the key to achieve the above technical effects.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal is composed of the substrate and the liquid crystal.
  • the liquid crystal molecules of the cholesteric liquid crystal are flat and arranged in layers.
  • the internal molecules are parallel to each other, and the long axis of the molecules is parallel to the layer plane.
  • the direction of the long axes of the molecules in different layers changes slightly, and they are arranged in a helical structure along the normal direction of the layer.
  • Polarization selectivity can be achieved through the structure of cholesteric liquid crystals.
  • Cholesteric liquid crystals have the characteristics of reflecting circularly polarized light in one direction of rotation (left-handed or right-handed) and transmitting circularly polarized light in the other direction (right-handed or left-handed) for light in a specific wavelength range.
  • the wavelength range of cholesteric liquid crystal action is determined by the product of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the liquid crystal molecules and the pitch of the liquid crystal molecule period.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal can only transmit transparently, but cannot reflect.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal can be configured so that the effective wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes but not limited to the blue light band, the green light band, the red light band or the entire visible light band.
  • right-handed polarized light also called right-handed circularly polarized light
  • left-handed polarized light also called left-handed circularly polarized light
  • the helical pitch rotation direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal is right-handed
  • the left-handed polarized light is allowed to be transmitted
  • the right-handed polarized light can be reflected to the light-emitting layer of the panel.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device 200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the display panel 200 includes a substrate 210, and a circuit layer 220, a light-emitting layer 230, an encapsulation layer 240, a light-concentrating layer 250, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260, and a circular polarizer stacked sequentially on the substrate 210. 270 , a connection layer 280 and a cover layer 290 .
  • the substrate 210, the circuit layer 220, the light emitting layer 230, the encapsulation layer 240, the light concentrating layer 250, the connection layer 280 and the cover layer 290 can refer to the above-mentioned related expressions, and this application focuses on the introduction of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 and Circular polarizer 270.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 .
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is disposed on the side of the luminous layer 230 away from the substrate 210 , and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is used to control the second rotation direction emitted by the sub-pixel 231 of the luminous layer 230 .
  • the light in the first rotation direction is reflected back to the light-emitting layer 230, and the light in the first rotation direction passes through.
  • the light-emitting layer 230 includes a metal material layer (such as a cathode layer).
  • the light-emitting layer 230 (such as a cathode layer) can rotate the light in the second rotation direction to the first rotation direction and reflect it to the cholesteric liquid crystal.
  • the light in the first rotation direction obtained by the rotation of the light emitting layer 230 can pass through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 .
  • the circular polarizer 270 includes a retardation film 271 and a linear polarizer 272 , and the light emitted from the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 first goes to the retardation film 271 .
  • the circular polarizer layer 270 is disposed on the side of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer away from the substrate 210 , and the retardation film 271 is used to convert light in the first rotation direction into vertically polarized light or horizontally polarized light that can pass through the linear polarizer 272 .
  • the light in the first rotation direction is left-handed polarized light
  • the light in the second rotation direction is right-handed polarized light.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 can reflect the right-handed polarized light emitted by the sub-pixel 231 of the light-emitting layer 230 back to the light-emitting layer 230 , and transmit the left-handed polarized light through.
  • the light-emitting layer 230 rotates the right-handed polarized light into a left-handed polarized light and reflects it back to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 .
  • the light emitted from the luminescent layer 230 is natural light, including 50% left-handed polarized light and 50% right-handed polarized light.
  • the polarized light will be transmitted directly through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 to the retardation film 271 , and the retardation film 271 converts this part of the light into horizontally polarized light, and then transmits to the linear polarizer 272 .
  • the linear polarizer 272 is an absorbing polarizer (absorptive polarizer), which has the functions of shielding and transmitting incident light, and can transmit horizontally polarized light while shielding (blocking) vertically polarized light.
  • the linear polarizer 272 can be a metal wire grid type, a multilayer birefringent polymer film type or a MacNeille type polarizer.
  • the right-handed polarized light emitted by the light-emitting layer 230 cannot pass through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260, but is reflected back to the light-emitting layer 230 by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260, and the light-emitting layer 230 rotates the right-handed polarized light into a left-handed polarized light and then reflects Back to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 .
  • this part of the light can pass through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 , the retardation film 271 and the linear polarizer 272 in sequence, and then go to the outside of the device.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is provided between the light-emitting layer 230 and the circular polarizer 270 to selectively reflect left-handed polarized light or right-handed polarized light to the light-emitting layer of the device,
  • the light-emitting layer rotates and reflects the reflected left-handed or right-handed polarized light again, so that both the left-handed polarized light and the right-handed polarized light emitted by the light-emitting layer 230 can finally pass through the circular polarizer 270 to the outside of the device, thereby
  • the light extraction efficiency of the display device 200 is improved.
  • the light in the first rotation direction may also be right-handed polarized light
  • the light in the second rotation direction may be left-handed polarized light.
  • the configuration (helical direction) of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 can be changed so that the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 can reflect left-handed polarized light and transmit right-handed polarized light, and the linear polarizer 272 is set to make vertical polarization The light is transmitted, and the horizontally polarized light is shielded (blocked).
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is located on the side of the light concentrating layer 250 away from the substrate 210 , that is, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is located on the light emitting side of the light concentrating layer 250 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of the display device 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 may also be located between the light concentrating layer 250 and the substrate 210 , that is, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is located on the light incident side of the light concentrating layer 250 .
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the relative positions of the light concentrating layer 250 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 .
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 250 includes a plurality of liquid crystal patterns 261 , and the plurality of liquid crystal patterns 261 cover the plurality of sub-pixels 231 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the active wavelength bands of the multiple liquid crystal patterns 261 correspond to the display wavelength bands of the multiple sub-pixels 231 one by one, and the liquid crystal pattern 261 (B-CLC) whose active wavelength band is the blue light band covers the sub-pixel 231 (B) that displays blue light.
  • the blue light emitted by the sub-pixel 231 is used to reflect the light of the second rotation direction (right-handed) back to the light-emitting layer 230 and allow the light of the first rotation direction (left-handed) to pass through.
  • the liquid crystal pattern 261 (G-CLC) with an active wavelength band of green light covers the sub-pixel 231 (G) displaying green light, and is used for the second rotation direction (right-handed rotation) of the green light emitted by the sub-pixel 231 . ) light is reflected back to the light-emitting layer 230, and allows light in the first rotation direction (left-handed) to pass through.
  • the liquid crystal pattern 261 (R-CLC) whose function band is the red light band covers the sub-pixel 231 (R) displaying red light, and is used for the second rotation direction (right-handed rotation) of the red light emitted by the sub-pixel 231 . ) light is reflected back to the light-emitting layer 230, and allows light in the first rotation direction (left-handed) to pass through.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 also includes a protective layer covering the liquid crystal pattern 261 , and the related features of the protective layer can be referred to the related expressions above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the multiple liquid crystal patterns 251 may have the same effective wavelength band, and all of them are in the visible light band.
  • the processing and molding can be facilitated, the production process can be simplified, and the cost can be saved.
  • at least part of the plurality of liquid crystal patterns 251 may be connected to form an integral structure.
  • the display device 200 in the embodiment of the present application can be manufactured according to the following process flow:
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is regularly arranged to achieve an alignment state through photo-alignment or liquid crystal self-assembly, and the thickness of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is 2-5 microns.
  • the action band of the cholesteric liquid crystal used here is one of R/G/B.
  • Coating a protective layer coating an OC material such as resin on the panel on which the liquid crystal pattern 261 has been fabricated is used as a protective and planarizing layer.
  • Attaching the circular polarizer 270 and the cover layer 290 attach the manufactured panel to the circular polarizer 270 and the cover layer 290 (such as a glass cover) successively.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of the display device 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 has a film-like overall structure, and the effective wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is the visible light band (CLC).
  • CLC visible light band
  • the light concentrating layer 250 further includes a black matrix 252 surrounding the light concentrating structure 251 .
  • the black matrix 252 can absorb the ambient light incident from the external environment, which can reduce the reflectivity of the device and improve the contrast of the device.
  • the OLED light source is a non-collimated light source, and its light spot will be significantly enlarged after two reflections at the interface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 and the light-emitting layer 230, and will significantly affect the light gain after being absorbed by the black matrix 252, so the light-gathering structure is set Gathering the light from the OLED by 251 can effectively reduce the influence of the black matrix 252 on the gain.
  • the area of the patterned cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 that is, the liquid crystal pattern 261
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of the display device 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • a plurality of light concentrating structures 251 cover a plurality of blue sub-pixels 231 in one-to-one correspondence, and the effective wavelength band of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 includes the blue wavelength band. That is to say, at this time, only the light extraction efficiency of the blue light is increased, which is beneficial to save the power consumption of the device and facilitate processing.
  • the light concentrating layer 250 further includes a yellow photoresist 253 surrounding the light concentrating structure 251 .
  • the yellow photoresist 253 can allow green light and red light to pass through, and absorb light in other wavelength bands. By setting the yellow photoresist 253, the reflectivity of the device can be reduced and the contrast of the device can be improved.
  • the display device 200 shown in FIG. 12 or FIG. 13 can be manufactured according to the following process flow:
  • the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 can be composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal and a substrate, and an alignment layer is first coated on a substrate, and then a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is coated with a thickness of 1 ⁇ 5 microns.
  • the alignment process adopts rubbing alignment or photo-alignment or liquid crystal self-assembly.
  • the reflection band of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 includes R ⁇ G ⁇ B alone or any combination thereof, and may also include the entire visible light band.
  • the substrate can be circular polarizer, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cyclo olefin polymer (COP), glass (0.02-0.5 mm) and composite polymer film.
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • COP cyclo olefin polymer
  • glass 0.02-0.5 mm
  • composite polymer film
  • Friction alignment place the base material on the carrying platform with the side of the coated alignment film facing up; the carrying platform is combined with the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the carrying platform for linear transportation.
  • a roller with a felt on the surface is installed on the substrate conveying path. When the substrate passes through the roller, the roller rolls and rubs the alignment film on the surface of the substrate in a clockwise direction in which the tangential velocity direction of the bottom is opposite to the direction of travel of the substrate, and the molecules on the surface of the alignment film after friction alignment will no longer
  • the stray distribution presents a uniformly arranged interface condition, so that the liquid crystal can be arranged in a predetermined direction.
  • Photo-alignment It belongs to non-contact alignment, using high-precision real-time tracking of ultraviolet light in compensation mode to make the photosensitive polymer monomer material undergo chemical reaction to produce anisotropy, and the liquid crystal molecules interact with the surface molecules of the alignment film, in order to achieve the minimum energy stability state, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the direction of the maximum force defined by the photo-alignment.
  • Black matrix 252 also called visible light absorbing layer: if the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 acts on the entire visible light band, prepare a layer of black photoresist layer on the upper surface of the display screen as the absorbing layer; first coat black The photoresist is used to form a black matrix 252 through a yellow light process, and the absorption area corresponds to the non-luminous area of the light-emitting layer 230 . If the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 acts on a single wavelength band of R/G/B, it can also be coated with a complementary color photoresist as an absorbing layer, and the coated area is the non-luminous area of the light-emitting layer 230 .
  • Bonding the circular polarizer 270 and the cover layer 290 Lay the manufactured panel with the circular polarizer 270 and the cover layer 290 (such as a glass cover) successively, wherein the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 260 is located between the display screen and the cover layer 290. Between circular polarizers 270.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 1000 includes a casing 1100 and a display device 1200 , and the display device 1200 is installed on the casing 1100 .
  • the display device 1200 is the display device 100 or the display device 200 provided in any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electronic device 1000 is any electronic product with a display function, including but not limited to a mobile phone (such as a foldable mobile phone), a tablet computer, a TV, a notebook computer, a computer monitor, a smart watch, a vehicle display device, a navigator, and the like.
  • a mobile phone such as a foldable mobile phone
  • a tablet computer such as a TV
  • a notebook computer such as a notebook computer
  • a computer monitor such as a notebook computer
  • smart watch such as a smart watch
  • vehicle display device such as a navigator, and the like.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种显示装置及电子设备，所述显示装置包括：基板；发光层，设于所述基板上，所述发光层包括多个子像素；聚光层，设于所述发光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述聚光层包括多个聚光结构，所述多个聚光结构覆盖于多个所述子像素之上，所述聚光结构用于聚拢所述聚光结构所覆盖的所述子像素发出的光线。本申请通过在显示装置内设置聚光结构来对光线进行聚拢，能够将更多的光线提取至显示装置的外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。

Description

显示装置及电子设备
本申请要求于2021年06月18日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202110683435.0、申请名称为“显示装置及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示设备技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种显示装置及电子设备。
背景技术
有机发光二极管(organic light emitting diode，OLED)显示器件因具有自发光、色彩丰富、响应速度快、视角宽、重量轻、厚度薄、耗电少、可实现柔性显示等诸多优点，被业界公认为是最有发展潜力的显示装置。为了实现OLED面板的户外可视功能，可以在OLED面板的出光侧设置圆偏光片(circle polarizer，C POL)，圆偏光片能够有效地降低强光下面板的反射率，大大提升了OLED面板本身的对比度。然而，圆偏光片为吸收型偏光片，光透过率约为43％左右，从而使得OLED面板发出的光也被吸收约60％，由此降低了OLED面板的出光效率。
为解决上述问题，业内提出了薄膜封装结构上形成彩膜(color filter on thin film encapsulation，COE)这一技术。COE是一种能够替代偏光片的新技术，通过将彩膜(color filter，CF)制作在薄膜封装(thin film encapsulation，TFE)层之上，能够将OLED面板的反射率压低至与圆偏光片相当的水平，并且将能够将OLED面板的出光效率提高至60％左右。
随着经济的发展和科技的进步，用户对电子设备的使用需求也日益提高，采用COE架构的OLED面板的出光效率虽然得到一定程度的提高，但是可能仍然难以满足用户的使用需求。当前，为了达到更高的出光亮度，就需要对OLED面板提供更多的功耗，由此降低了OLED面板的使用寿命。提供一种出光效率更高的OLED面板成为亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种显示装置及电子设备，通过在显示装置内设置聚光结构来对光线进行聚拢，能够将更多的光线提取至显示装置的外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
第一方面，提供了一种显示装置，包括：基板；发光层，设于所述基板上，所述发光层包括多个子像素；聚光层，设于所述发光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述聚光层包括多个聚光结构，所述多个聚光结构覆盖于多个所述子像素之上，所述聚光结构用于聚拢所述聚光结构所覆盖的所述子像素发出的光线。
子像素发出的光线能够通过聚光结构射向显示装置的外表面，该外表面即显示装置与外界环境的交界面，也是容易发生全反射现象的光密介质和光束介质的分界面，在聚光结构的折射作用下，至少一个子像素所发出的部分光线能够被整体向聚光结构的自身法线(正投影的内侧)方向进行聚拢，由此减小了这部分光线射入显示装置外表面的入射角，使得这部分光线的入射角能够小于发生全反射现象的临界值，由此减弱或者完全避免了光线在显示装置内发生全反射现象，使得更多的光线能够穿过显示装置的外表面而射入到环 境中，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
根据本申请实施例提供的显示装置，通过在显示装置内设置由聚光结构的阵列构成的聚光层来对发光层的子像素发出的光线进行聚拢，每个聚光结构对其自身所对应的子像素所发出的光线进行聚拢(汇聚)，由此能够将将部分大视角的光线转至小视角，从而能够将本应在显示装置内全反射耗散掉的光线提取至显示装置外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置具有更高的出光效率，能够满足用户的对显示装置高亮度的使用需求，由于出光效率更高，不仅能够节约装置的使用功耗，也有利于提高装置的使用寿命。
可选地，为了向发光层进行供电，在基板与发光层之间还可以设置电路层，该电路层例如可以是薄膜晶体管阵列层。基板可以由玻璃、陶瓷、塑胶、金属或者橡胶等任意材质构成，本申请对此不做限定。
作为一种可能的实现方式，基板可以由柔性材料构成，例如由聚酰亚胺(polyimide，PI)构成，使得基板能够弯曲变形，进而使得显示装置能够满足可折叠终端设备(例如可折叠手机)的使用需求。
可选地，聚光结构的材质可以是丙烯酸树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、硅氧烷树脂、酚醛树脂，以及与金属纳米粒子复合的上述树脂体系等，本申请对此不做限定。
在一种可能的设计中，所述多个聚光结构一一对应的覆盖于多个所述子像素之上。通过以上设置，能够使得对每个子像素的光线聚拢(汇聚)效果达到最好，进而能够将更多的光线提取至显示装置的外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
可选地，在其他实施方式中，每个聚光结构也可以对应覆盖于多个子像素之上。或者，多个聚光结构(例如并列设置或者层叠设置)也可以同时覆盖于一个子像素之上。以上设置均能够起到对子像素的光线进行聚拢的作用，均应当被囊括在本申请的保护范围内。
值得一提的是，当每个聚光结构覆盖于多个子像素之上时，聚光结构可以对该多个子像素发出的光线同时进行聚拢，此时聚光结构将该多个子像素发出的光线整体向聚光结构的自身法线或中线(正投影的内侧)方向进行聚拢。即该聚拢的参照物是相对聚光结构本身而言。
在一种可能的设计中，所述显示装置还包括：滤光层，设于所述发光层与所述聚光层之间，所述滤光层包括多个色阻单元以及围绕所述色阻单元的黑色矩阵，所述多个色阻单元一一对应的覆盖于多个所述子像素之上。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置通过设置滤光层，无需在发光层的出光侧再设置用于防止对环境光进行反射的偏光片，能够提升显示装置的出光效率，从而降低显示装置的功耗，提高显示装置的使用寿命。
可选地，色阻单元可以为彩膜，红色色阻单元、绿色色阻单元或者蓝色色阻单元分别为红色彩膜、绿色彩膜或者蓝色彩膜。彩膜的厚度可以为1～5微米。可以通过旋涂或者喷墨打印等成熟工艺形成上述彩膜。
可选地，黑色矩阵的厚度为1.5～5微米，黑色矩阵在滤光层中所占的面积比例大于50％，例如为75％～85％，黑色矩阵的厚度可以和彩膜的厚度相同。
在一种可能的设计中，所述聚光结构的面积与所述子像素的发光面积的比值为 0.6～2.2，其中，所述聚光结构的面积为10％高度处的截面积。
通过以上设置，能够确保子像素所发出的大部分(例如面积的60％以上)光线均被聚光结构所覆盖，从而能够确保聚光结构能够对大部分光线进行聚拢，有利于提高装置的出光效率。
在一种可能的设计中，所述聚光结构的高度大于或等于2微米。由此使得聚光结构具有更好的聚光效果。
在一种可能的设计中，所述聚光结构为聚光微透镜。例如，为凸透镜。
可选地，该凸透镜的凸面的面型可以为球面、椭球面、抛物面、自由曲面等中的任意一种。
在一种可能的设计中，所述显示装置还包括：保护层，设于所述聚光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述聚光结构的折射率大于所述保护层的折射率。保护层覆盖于聚光层之上，能够对聚光结构起到隔离保护的作用。
可选地，保护层由具有高透光性的材质构成，例如可以为光学胶(optically clear adhesive，OCA)，光学胶是一种无基体材料的双面贴合胶带，具有无色透明、高透光性(全光穿透率>99％)、高黏着力、耐高温、抗紫外线等特点，且具有受控制的厚度，能提供均匀的间距，长时间使用不会产生黄化、剥离及变质的问题。
可选地，该光学胶可以是液态光学胶(liquid optical clear adhesive，LOCA)，LOCA是一种液态胶水，固化后无色透明，透光率达到98％以上，具有固化收缩率小，耐黄变等特性。在全贴合领域中，与传统的OCA胶带相比，LOCA在大尺寸、曲面、恶劣环境等领域具有独特优势。例如。该LOCA可以是光学树脂(optical clear resin，OCR)。
可选地，保护层可以由丙烯酸基树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰胺基树脂、聚酰亚胺基树脂、不饱和聚酯等中的至少一种材料构成，保护层的全光穿透率大于等于99％。
在一种可能的设计中，所述聚光结构与所述保护层的折射率之差为0.1～0.5。通过以上设置，能够使得聚光结构具有更好的光线汇聚效果。
例如，聚光结构的折射率范围为1.6～1.8，保护层的折射率为1.4～1.55。
在一种可能的设计中，所述显示装置还包括：散射层，设于所述聚光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述散射层的雾度值为20％～70％，例如雾度值为40％～55％。
在COE架构下，入射至显示装置内部的光线反射时容易发生衍射问题，导致在外界环境强光下(例如点光源或者太阳光或灯管下)产生色彩斑斓的衍射彩色图案，严重影响阅读体验。本申请通过在发光层的出光侧设置散射层，能够将有规律的衍射图案打散，从而消除衍射问题，提高用户的阅读体验。
在一种可能的设计中，所述散射层由所述保护层内部散布散射粒子而形成。
可选地，在保护层的制作过程中掺杂散射粒子，散射粒子的尺寸为大于2微米，并小于子像素最短边长度的一半，散射粒子的材质可为机散射体粒子，如交联聚苯乙烯(polystyrene，PS)、交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)、有机硅聚合物或者无机散射粒子，如二氧化钛等，需要在制样的过程中，充分混合，确保散射粒子的分布均匀性大于85％，调节雾度值的方法可以通过控制基体树脂和散射粒子的比例来实现。
在一种可能的设计中，所述散射粒子为球形结构，所述球形结构的直径为1～3微米。
在一种可能的设计中，所述显示装置还包括：封装层，设于所述发光层与所述聚光层之间；散射层，设于所述封装层与所述聚光层之间，所述散射层的雾度值为5％～85％。
可选地，封装层可以是薄膜封装层，封装层用于对发光层进行封装和保护，防止水汽、氧气等杂质侵入发光层内部对其造成侵蚀损坏。
可选地，封装层可以由一层或者多层薄膜结构叠加而成，例如封装层可以包括至少一层无机材料层和/或有机材料(例如氮化硅或氧化硅)层。
在一种可能的设计中，所述显示装置还包括：触控层，设于所述封装层与所述聚光层之间，所述触控层包括平坦层，所述散射层由所述平坦层内部散布散射粒子而形成。本申请实施例通过复用触控层的平坦层，通过在该平坦层内部散布散射粒子而形成散射层，有利于减薄显示面板的整体厚度。
在一种可能的设计中，所述多个聚光结构一一对应的覆盖于多个蓝色子像素之上。
也就是说，聚光层的多个聚光结构仅对蓝色子像素进行覆盖，而不覆盖红色子像素或者绿色子像素。由于蓝色子像素的发光功耗几乎占整个显示装置工作功耗的一半，在聚光结构数量有限的前提下，聚光结构仅对蓝色子像素进行覆盖取光，可以有效降低蓝色子像素的发光功耗，进而有利于最大限度的降低显示装置的整体功耗。
此外，聚光结构仅对蓝色子像素进行覆盖，也有利于降低聚光结构的设置密度，进而在制造工艺上有利于降低聚光层的加工难度。
在一种可能的设计中，所述子像素包括有机发光二极管或者微米发光二极管。
在一种可能的设计中，所述显示装置还包括：胆甾型液晶层，设于所述发光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述胆甾型液晶层用于将所述子像素所发出的第二旋转方向的光线反射向所述发光层，并且供第一旋转方向的光线通过；所述发光层还用于将所述第二旋转方向的光线旋转为第一旋转方向并反射向所述胆甾型液晶层；圆偏光片层，设于所述胆甾型液晶层背离所述基板的一侧，所述圆偏光片层包括位相差膜和线性偏光片，所述位相差膜用于将所述第一旋转方向的光线转换成能够通过所述线性偏光片的垂直偏振光或水平偏振光。
根据本申请实施例提供的显示装置，通过在发光层和圆偏光片之间设置胆甾型液晶层来选择性的将左旋偏振光或者右旋偏振光反射向显示装置的发光层，发光层对反射回来的左旋或者右旋偏振光进行旋转和再次反射，进而能够使得发光层发出的左旋偏振光和右旋偏振光均能够最终通过圆偏光片射向显示装置的外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
可选地，第一旋转方向的光线为左旋偏振光，第二旋转方向的光线为右旋偏振光。此时，胆甾型液晶层能够将发光层的子像素所发出的右旋偏振光反射回发光层，并且透传左旋偏振光。发光层将该右旋偏振光旋转为左旋偏振光之后反射回胆甾型液晶层。
可选地，第一旋转方向的光线也可以为右旋偏振光，第二旋转方向的光线为左旋偏振光。此时，可以更改胆甾型液晶层的配置(螺旋方向)，使得胆甾型液晶层能够反射左旋偏振光，并且透传右旋偏振光，线性偏光片被设置成可以使垂直偏振光透过，而屏蔽(阻隔)水平偏振光即可。
可选地，线性偏光片可以为金属线栅型、多层双折射聚合物膜型或MacNeille型偏光片。
在一种可能的设计中，所述胆甾型液晶层包括多个液晶图案，所述多个胆甾型液晶图 案一一对应的覆盖于多个所述子像素之上。
在一种可能的设计中，所述胆甾型液晶层的作用波段包括整个可见光。
在一种可能的设计中，所述聚光层还包括围绕所述聚光结构的黑色矩阵。通过以上设置，黑色矩阵能够吸收外界环境射入的环境光，进入能够降低面板的反射率，提高显示装置的对比度。
在一种可能的设计中，所述多个聚光结构一一对应的覆盖于多个蓝色子像素之上，所述胆甾型液晶层的作用波段包括蓝光波段。
在一种可能的设计中，所述聚光层还包括围绕所述聚光结构的黄色光阻。黄色光阻能够供绿光和红光通过，并且吸收其他波段的光线，通过设置黄色光阻能够降低显示装置的反射率，提高显示装置的对比度。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括壳体，以及前述第一方面中任一种可能设计所提供的显示装置，所述显示装置安装于所述壳体上。
可选地，电子设备为任意具有显示功能的电子产品，包括但不限于手机(例如可折叠手机)、平板电脑、电视、笔记本电脑、电脑显示器、智能手表、车载显示设备、导航仪等。
附图说明
图1是圆偏光片的工作原理示意图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的基于COE架构的OLED面板的结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的OLED面板出射光线发生全反射现象的原理性示意图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的一例的结构示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的显示装置与现有技术中的显示装置的效果仿真对比图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的聚光结构的剖面示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的另一例的结构示意图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的触控层的结构示意图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的再一例的结构示意图。
图10是胆甾型液晶层的工作原理示意图。
图11是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的再一例的结构示意图。
图12是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的再一例的结构示意图。
图13是本申请实施例提供的显示装置的再一例的结构示意图。
图14是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图。
附图标记：1、线性偏光片；2、位相差膜；3、OLED结构阴极层；
10、基板；20、薄膜晶体管阵列层；30、有机发光层；31、像素限定层；32、子像素发光单元；33、阳极层；34、阴极层；40、薄膜封装层；50、平坦层；60、彩膜滤光层；61、黑色矩阵；62、色阻单元；70、连接层；80、盖板层；90、功能层；
L1、第一光线；L2、第二光线；L3、第三光线；
100、显示装置；110、基板；111、电路层；120、发光层；121、子像素；122、像素限定层、123、阳极层；124、阴极层；130、封装层；140、平坦层；150、滤光层；151、色阻单元152、黑色矩阵；160、聚光层；161、聚光结构；170、保护层；80、盖板层； 190、功能层；
T1、第一平坦层；T2、第二平坦层；T3、缓冲层；
200、显示装置；210、基板；220、电路层；230、发光层；231、子像素；240、封装层；250、聚光层；251、聚光结构；252、黑色矩阵；253、黄色光阻；260、胆甾型液晶层；261、液晶图案；270、圆偏光片；271、位相差膜；272、线性偏光片；280、连接层；290、盖板层；
1000、电子设备；1100、壳体；1200、显示装置。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施方式，所述实施方式的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“侧”、“前”、“后”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于安装的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
还需说明的是，本申请实施例中以同一附图标记表示同一组成部分或同一零部件，对于本申请实施例中相同的零部件，图中可能仅以其中一个零件或部件为例标注了附图标记，应理解的是，对于其他相同的零件或部件，附图标记同样适用。
有机发光二极管(organic light emitting diode，OLED)显示器件因具有自发光、色彩丰富、响应速度快、视角宽、重量轻、厚度薄、耗电少、可实现柔性显示与大面积全色显示等诸多优点，被业界公认为是最有发展潜力的显示装置。采用OLED显示面板制得的OLED显示装置被视为具有巨大应用前景的显示装置，尤其是在平板显示领域，OLED显示装置被认为是一种发展趋势。
OLED显示面板内设置有呈阵列排布的多个像素，根据OLED显示面板的配色模式，每个像素包括对应数量的子像素。例如，OLED显示面板采用红绿蓝(red-green-blue，RGB)配色模式时，每个像素可以包括三个子像素，其中，一个子像素为R子像素，一个子像素为G子像素，一个子像素为B子像素，每个子像素包括一个发光元件，发光元件中的发光层受到空穴与电子结合后形成的激子激发而发出相应颜色的光。即R子像素、G子像素、B子像素分别发出红色、绿色、蓝色的光。
在实际应用中，OLED显示面板还可以采用红绿蓝白(red-green-blue-white，RGBW)配色模式，此时每个像素包括四个子像素，该四个子像素包括一个可显示红光的R子像素，一个可显示绿光的G子像素，一个可现实蓝光的B子像素以及一个可显示白光的W子像素。
OLED按照驱动方式可以分为无源矩阵OLED(passive matrix OLED，PMOLED)和有源矩阵OLED(active matrix OLED，AMOLED)两大类。有源矩阵OLED也被称为主动式OLED，AMOLED因通过在每个像素中集成薄膜晶体管(thin film transistor，TFT)和电容器并由电容器维持电压的方法进行驱动，因而可以实现大尺寸、高分辨率面板，并且发光效能高，是当前研究的重点及未来显示技术的发展方向。本申请实施例中的OLED面板主要涉及AMOLED。
AMOLED通常具有依次形成于基板上的阳极(anode)层、有机发光层和阴极(cathode)层等。为了提高空穴的注入效率，阳极层应选用尽可能高的功函数材料构成，常见材料氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide，ITO)。对于阴极层材料的选择，功函数越低，有机材料与阴极之间的势垒越低，电子注入越容易，发光效率就越高，目前常用的阴极材料是镁银合金。
由于阴极层由金属材料构成，容易反射外界的环境光，造成用户观察到的对比大大降低。例如，当用户在太阳底下观看屏幕上的内容时，由于阴极层对阳光的反射，导致用户无法看清屏幕内容。为解决这一问题，可以在AMOLED显示面板的外部贴附偏光片(polarizer，POL)，并且是带有位相差膜的圆偏光片(circle polarizer，C POL)。偏光片采用偏振光的原理，可有效降低外界环境光在屏幕上的反射强度。
图1是圆偏光片的工作原理示意图。如图1中的(a)部分所示，该圆偏光片包括线性偏光片1和位相差膜2，外界环境光经过吸收轴为垂直方向的线性偏光片1之后，只剩一半的水平线性偏振光，水平偏正光经过位相差膜2后，转成左旋(圆)偏振光，左旋偏振光经过OLED结构阴极层3的金属电极反射后，旋转180°为右旋偏振光，右旋偏振光经过位相差膜2后，转成垂直偏振光，垂直偏振光无法通过吸收轴为垂直方向的线性偏光片1，无法出光，由此降低了外界环境光在屏幕上的反射强度。经过以上步骤，将外界环境光阻隔在圆偏光片内，大大提升了OLED显示面板本身的对比度，实现了OLED面板的户外可视功能，即使在强烈的太阳光底下，也可清晰看见屏幕的内容。
然而，OLED结构的出射光为非极化光，其中50％的垂直偏振光无法通过线性偏光片，由此也对OLED结构的出光量造成损失。具体地，如图1中的(b)部分所示，OLED结构的出射光透过OLED结构阴极层3射向位相差膜2，该出射光中包括50％的左旋偏振光和50％的右旋偏振光，在位相差膜2的作用下，左旋偏振光和右旋偏振光分别被转换成水平偏振光和垂直偏振光，垂直偏振光被线性偏光片1吸收，只有水平偏振光能够通过线性偏光片1射向外界。
综上所述，圆偏光片为吸收型偏光片，光透过率小于50％，实际应用中仅约为43％左右，从而使得OLED器件发出的光也被吸收约60％，由此降低了OLED器件的出光效率。也就是说，圆偏光片虽然实现了OLED面板的户外可视功能，但是却带来了出光效率较低的问题。
为解决上述问题，业内提出了薄膜封装结构上形成彩膜(color filter on thin film encapsulation，CF on TFE，COE)这一技术。COE是一种能够替代偏光片的新技术，通 过将彩膜制作在薄膜封装(thin film encapsulation，TFE)层之上，能够实现对环境光的压制，并实现提高面板(panel)出光效率的目标。通过彩膜本身可以将面板的反射率压低至与圆偏光片相当的水平，而彩膜的透光率可达到60％以上，进而能够提高OLED面板约10％～30％出光效率。此外，相对于偏光片，彩膜更加轻薄，也有利于实现OLED面板的轻薄化，以实现柔性显示特性。
下面结合附图对COE架构做进一步详细介绍。图2是本申请实施例提供的一种基于COE架构的OLED面板的结构示意图。本申请实施例提供的OLED显示面板包括呈阵列排布的多个像素，每个像素包括至少三个子像素，每个子像素可发出一种颜色的光，该三个子像素可以分别是发出红光的R子像素、发出绿光的G子像素以及发出蓝光的B子像素，子像素的设置形式可以根据OLED显示面板的配色模式进行设置。为便于说明，图2中仅示出了OLED面板的一个像素。
如图2所示，该OLED面板依次包括基板10、薄膜晶体管阵列层20、有机发光层30、薄膜封装层40、平坦(over coating，OC)层50、彩膜滤光层60、连接层70、盖板层80以及功能层90。
其中，有机发光层30包括像素限定层(pixel define layer，PDL)31、子像素发光单元32、阳极层33以及阴极层34。像素限定层31由黑色不透光材质构成，内部形成有多个开口区域，每个开口区域内设有子像素发光单元32，子像素发光单元32朝向基板10的一侧设有阳极层33，该阳极层33也位于像素限定层31限定出的开口区域内，子像素发光单元32背离基板10的一侧设有阴极层34，该阴极层34至少具有足够的透光性，以使得子像素发光单元32发出的光可以通过阴极层34射向外侧。
图2中示出了一个像素中的三个子像素发光单元32，分别为发出红光的R子像素，发出绿光的G子像素以及发出蓝光的B子像素。
薄膜封装层40位于有机发光层30的外侧，用于阻隔水汽或者氧气侵入有机发光层30内部对其造成损坏。平坦层50用于对薄膜封装层40进行平坦化(找平)，以方便在薄膜封装层40上可靠设置彩色滤光层60。
彩膜滤光层60包括色阻单元62以及位于相邻的色阻单元62之间黑色矩阵(black matrix，BM)61，黑色矩阵由黑色不透光材质构成，子像素发光单元32发出的光线仅能通过色阻单元62射向外侧。
色阻单元62用于供特定波长的光线通过，色阻单元62包括多个，并且与多个子像素发光单元32一一对应设置。具体地，色阻单元62可以包括红色色阻单元、绿色色阻单元和蓝色色阻单元，与R子像素、G子像素以及B子像素一一对应设置，形成彩膜功能层。
彩膜滤光层60上侧还依次设置有连接层70、盖板层80以及功能层90，连接层70由高度透光材料构成，用于将盖板层80固定连接于彩色滤光层60之上，该连接层70例如可以由光学胶(optically clear adhesive，OCA)构成。盖板层80用于为面板提供机械支撑与保护，盖板层80例如可以是玻璃盖板。功能层90用于实现相应的功能，功能层90例如可以是减小光线反射的减反层(anti-reflection，AR)。
综上所述，比较图2和现有的具有圆偏光片的OLED面板，图2所示的OLED面板采用彩膜滤光层60代替了圆偏光片，不仅能够实现对环境光的压制(降低强光下面板的反射率)，还能够提高面板的出光效率(能够将出光率从42％提高至60％)，并且，相 对于圆偏光片，彩膜滤光层60更加轻薄(能够将厚度从100μm降低至5μm)，有利于实现OLED面板的折叠和弯曲特性，实现面板的轻薄化。
随着经济的发展和科技的进步，用户对电子设备的使用需求也日益提高，采用COE架构的OLED面板虽然能够将出光效率提高至60％左右，然而60％的出光效率可能仍然难以满足用户在一些情况下的使用需求，当前，为了达到更高的出光亮度，就需要对OLED面板提供更多的功耗，由此降低了OLED面板的使用寿命，提供一种出光效率更高的OLED面板成为亟需解决的问题。
光传播到两种介质的交界面上时，通常会同时发生反射和折射现象，而当入射角超过某一临界角时，折射光线完全消失，光线不再发生折射现象而全部返回到原介质中传播，这一现象叫做全反射现象。由于全反射现象的存在，导致OLED面板的出光效率难以进一步被提高。下面结合附图介绍全反射现象对OLED面板出光效率的影响。
图3是本申请实施例提供的OLED面板出射光线发生全反射现象的原理性示意图。为便于说明，相对于图2，图3中的OLED面板做了一些结构上的简化，上述简化不构成对本申请实施例提供的OLED面板结构上的任何限定。
如图3所示，该OLED面板包括依次直接或者间接(通过中间媒介)堆叠设置的基板10、有机发光层30、薄膜封装层40、彩膜滤光层60以及功能层90等。有机发光层30具有多个子像素发光单元32，子像素发光单元32发出的光线依次通过薄膜封装层40、彩膜滤光层60上的色阻单元62后射向功能层90的顶面(外表面)。功能层90的顶面也即OLED面板与外界环境的交界面，光线从功能层90射向空气中，相当于光从光密介质射向光疏介质中，此时可能发生全反射现象。
色阻单元62一一对应的覆盖于子像素发光单元32，色阻单元62的面积大于子像素发光单元32的发光面积，子像素发光单元32相当于点光源，子像素发光单元32发出的光线穿过色阻单元62后射向功能层90的入射角度可能不相同，有的光线入射角大一些，有的小一些，当入射角超过某一临界值时，光线容易发生全发射现象。
例如，如图3所示，子像素发光单元32发射出的第一光线L1、第二光线L2、第三光线L3通过色阻单元62后射向功能层90的顶面，其中，第二光线L2和第三光线L3的入射角(即光线与顶面法线的夹角)超过了临界角度而发生了全反射现象，此时，第二光线L2和第三光线L3的折射光线完全消失，光线不再发生折射现象而全部返回到面板内部进行传播，被反射回来的光线最终被面板内部的材料所吸收。也就是说，对于第一光线L1、第二光线L2、第三光线L3而言，仅有第一光线L1能够穿出功能层90而射向外界。
综上所述，由于全反射现象的存在，OLED面板发出的部分光线可能被面板与环境的交界面反射回面板内部，并且最终被面板内部的材料所吸收耗散，发生全反射的这部分光线无法出射至环境中，由此降低了OLED面板的出光效率，OLED面板的出光效率难以被进一步提高。如何能够打破瓶颈，提供一种出光效率更高的OLED面板成为业内的热点问题。
为解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种显示装置及电子设备，通过在显示装置内设置聚光结构来对光线进行聚拢，能够将更多的光线提取至显示装置的外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
第一方面，本申请实施例首先提供了一种显示装置，该显示装置包括但不限于显示面 板，例如可以是前述的OLED显示面板，此外还可以是微米发光二极管(micro light-emitting diode，microLED)等结构的显示面板，但不限于此。
图4是本申请实施例提供的显示装置100的一例的结构示意图。如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的显示装置100包括：基板110、发光层120以及聚光层160。
其中，发光层120设于基板110的一个侧面上，在通电状态下发光层120能够向远离基板110的方向射出光线，也就是说，沿着图4中的竖直向上的方向为发光层120产生光线的出射方向，发光层120的上侧为出光侧。
发光层120包括以阵列形式排布的多个像素发光单元(下文简称为像素)，每个像素包括至少三个子像素发光单元(下文简称为子像素)121，每个子像素121可显示一种颜色的光。
在本申请实施例中，每个像素包括三个子像素121，分别是一个可显示(发出)红光的红色子像素、一个可显示绿光的绿色子像素以及一个可显示蓝光的蓝色子像素。
发光层120包括呈阵列排布的多个子像素121，为了便于说明，图4中仅示出了3个子像素121，沿着图4中从左往右的方向，该3个子像素121分别为红色子像素、绿色子像素以及蓝色子像素，该3个子像素121构成一个像素。也就是说，图4仅示出了显示装置100的像素阵列中的其中一个像素。
根据显示装置100的类型不同，该发光层120的具体结构可以不同。在本申请实施例中，显示装置100为OLED显示面板，发光层120为有机发光层，此时子像素121包括有机发光二极管。
在其他实施方式中，该多个子像素121还可以包括前述可显示白光的W子像素，即此时显示装置100可以为RGBW配色模式。
在其他实施方式中，显示装置100也可以为microLED显示面板，此时子像素121包括微米发光二极管。
参见图4，发光层120还可以包括像素限定层122、阳极层123以及阴极层124。像素限定层由黑色不透光材质构成，内部形成有多个开口区域，每个开口区域内设有一个子像素121，子像素121朝向基板110的一侧设有阳极层123，该阳极层123也位于像素限定层122限定出的开口区域内，子像素121背离基板110的一侧设有阴极层124，该阴极层124位于子像素121的出光侧，因此阴极层124应当具有足够的透光性，以使得子像素121发出的光可以通过阴极层124射向装置外侧。
如图4所示，为了向发光层120进行供电，在基板110与发光层120之间还可以设置电路层111，该电路层111例如可以是薄膜晶体管阵列层。基板110可以由玻璃、陶瓷、塑胶、金属或者橡胶等任意材质构成，本申请对此不做限定。作为一种可能的实现方式，基板110可以由柔性材料构成，例如由聚酰亚胺(polyimide，PI)构成，使得基板110能够弯曲变形，进而使得显示装置100能够满足可折叠终端设备(例如可折叠手机)的使用需求。
如图4所示，聚光层160设于发光层120背离基板110的一侧，即聚光层160设于发光层120的出光侧，聚光层160包括多个聚光结构161，多个聚光结构161一一对应的覆盖于多个子像素121之上，聚光结构161用于聚拢其自身所覆盖的子像素121发出的光线，例如聚光结构161用于将子像素121发出的光线向该聚光结构161自身的法线(轴线、中 心线)方向聚拢。也即向聚光结构161自身朝向装置外表面的正投影内侧进行汇聚。
在本申请实施例中，每个聚光结构161对应覆盖于一个子像素121之上，子像素121发出的光线能够通过聚光结构161射向显示装置100的外表面，该外表面即装置与外界环境的交界面，也是容易发生全反射现象的光密介质和光束介质的分界面，在聚光结构的折射作用下，子像素121所发出的部分光线能够被向聚光结构的自身法线(内侧)方向进行聚拢，由此减小了这部分光线射入显示装置100外表面的入射角，使得这部分光线的入射角能够小于发生全反射现象的临界值，由此减弱或者完全避免了光线在装置内发生全反射现象，使得更多的光线能够穿过装置外表面而射入到环境中，由此提高了显示装置100的出光效率。
在这里，聚光结构161覆盖于子像素121之上，可以是覆盖整个子像素121(即完整覆盖)，也可以是覆盖子像素121的一部分(即部分覆盖)，本申请对此不做限定。在下文中提及的覆盖均应当包括完整覆盖和部分覆盖。
根据本申请实施例提供的显示装置100，通过在显示装置100内设置由聚光结构161的阵列构成的聚光层160来对发光层120的子像素121发出的光线进行聚拢，聚光结构161一一对应的覆盖于子像素121之上，每个聚光结构161对其自身所对应的子像素121所发出的光线进行聚拢(汇聚)，由此能够将将部分大视角的光线转至小视角，从而能够将本应在装置内全反射耗散掉的光线提取至装置外侧，由此提高了显示装置100的出光效率。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置100具有更高的出光效率，能够满足用户的对装置高亮度的使用需求，由于出光效率更高，不仅能够节约装置的使用功耗，也有利于提高装置的使用寿命。
为便于理解说明，作为一个具体示例，如图4所示，中间的子像素121发出的三条光线通过聚光结构161射向装置的外表面，如果不设置聚光结构161，左右两侧的两条光线将直接按照图中虚线箭头所指的方向射向外表面，此时这两条光线的入射角度较大，可能超过了临界值而发生全反射现象。一旦发生全反射，这两条光线将被反射回装置的内侧，最终被装置内部的材料所吸收耗散。
本申请通过设置聚光结构161以后，上述两条光线被向聚光结构161的中轴线(中心线，即向自身投影内侧)方向进行汇聚，最终按照实线箭头所指方向射向面板的外表面，此时这两条光线的入射角度得到明显的减小，不会在发生全反射现象，而是连同中间的一条光线一起出射至装置的外侧，由此提高了装置的出光效率。
可选地，在其他实施方式中，每个聚光结构161也可以对应覆盖于多个子像素121之上。或者，多个聚光结构161(例如并列设置或者层叠设置)也可以同时覆盖于一个子像素121之上。以上设置均能够起到对子像素121发出的光线进行聚拢的作用，均应当被囊括在本申请的保护范围内。
值得一提的是，当每个聚光结构161覆盖于多个子像素121之上时，聚光结构161将该多个子像素121发出的光线整体向聚光结构161的自身法线或中线(正投影的内侧)方向进行聚拢。即该聚拢的参照物是相对聚光结构161本身而言。
也就是说，在本申请的表述中，多个聚光结构161覆盖于多个子像素121之上，至少应当包括以下三种情况中的至少一种：多个聚光结构161一一对应的覆盖于多个子像素 121之上(一对一)；每个聚光结构161覆盖于多个子像素121之上(一对多)；多个聚光结构161同时覆盖于一个子像素121之上(多对一)。本领域技术人员可以根据具体需求选择上述一种或者多种的组合来对子像素121的光线进行聚拢。
图5是本申请实施例提供的显示装置100与现有技术中的显示装置的效果仿真对比图。如图5所示，同等测试条件下，使用本申请实施例提供的显示装置100与现有传统的未设置聚光结构的显示装置进行计算机仿真模拟，以获得装置在不同视角下的相对亮度。
仿真结果表明，本申请实施例提供的显示装置100的亮度(即出光效率)要明显好于现有传统的显示装置。在不同视角下，本申请实施例提供的显示装置100的相对亮度几乎均大于现有传统的显示装置的相对亮度。当视角为0度时，本申请实施例提供的显示装置100相对于现有传统的显示装置的亮度提升效果最为明显，亮度提升达到20％以上。本申请实施例提供的显示装置100通过设置聚光结构161能够有效提高装置的出光效率。
下面结合附图对本申请实施例提供的显示装置100的具体结构作进一步介绍。
如图4所示，显示装置100还包括依次堆叠设置于发光层120上的封装层130、平坦层140以及滤光层150，聚光层160设于滤光层150的出光侧。
其中，封装层130可以是薄膜封装层，封装层130用于对发光层120进行封装和保护，防止水汽、氧气等杂质侵入发光层120内部对其造成侵蚀损坏。
封装层130可以由一层或者多层薄膜结构叠加而成，例如封装层130可以包括至少一层无机材料层和/或有机材料(例如氮化硅或氧化硅)层。
平坦层140用于对封装层130进行平坦化处理，以方便在封装层130上可靠设置滤光层150。
平坦层140由高度透光材质构成，其全光穿透率大于等于99％。
可选地，平坦层140可以由丙烯酸基树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰胺基树脂、聚酰亚胺基树脂、不饱和聚酯等中的至少一种材料构成。
滤光层150设于发光层120与聚光层160之间，滤光层150包括多个色阻单元151以及围绕色阻单元151的黑色矩阵152，多个色阻单元151一一对应的覆盖于多个子像素121之上。
具体地，色阻单元151用于供特定波长的光线通过，多个色阻单元151包括红色色阻单元、绿色色阻单元和蓝色色阻单元。多个色阻单元151与多个子像素121一一对应，红色色阻单元覆盖于发出红光的子像素121之上，绿色色阻单元覆盖于发出绿光的子像素121之上，蓝色色阻单元覆盖于发出蓝光的子像素121之上。也就是说，对应于图4中的3个子像素121，沿着图4中从左往右的方向，图中的3个色阻单元分别为红色色阻单元、绿色色阻单元和蓝色色阻单元。
黑色矩阵152环绕色阻单元151进行设置，相邻两个色阻单元151均设有黑色矩阵152。或者说，黑色矩阵152上设有多个开口，每个开口内设有一个色阻单元151，该色组单元151的颜色与其自身覆盖的子像素121的发光颜色相对应。
黑色矩阵152由黑色不透光材质构成，例如由黑色树脂材料构成，子像素121发出的光线仅能通过色阻单元151射向面板外侧。
可选地，色阻单元151可以为彩膜，红色色阻单元、绿色色阻单元或者蓝色色阻单元分别为红色彩膜、绿色彩膜或者蓝色彩膜。彩膜的厚度可以为1～5微米。可以通过旋涂或 者喷墨打印等成熟工艺形成上述彩膜。
可选地，黑色矩阵152的厚度为1.5～5微米，黑色矩阵152在滤光层150中所占的面积比例大于50％，例如为75％～85％，黑色矩阵152的厚度可以和彩膜的厚度相同。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置100通过设置滤光层150，无需在发光层120的出光侧再设置用于防止对环境光进行反射的偏光片，能够提升显示装置100的出光效率，从而降低显示装置100的功耗，提高显示装置100的使用寿命。
如图4所示，聚光结构161一一对应的覆盖于色阻单元151上，聚光结构161与色阻单元151的中心的位置偏差小于或等于5微米，聚光结构161与色阻单元151的面积比为0.6～2.2。
通过以上设置，能够确保色阻单元151的至少大部分(例如面积的80％以上)均被聚光结构161所覆盖，从而能够确保聚光结构161能够对穿过色阻单元151的大部分光线进行聚拢，有利于提高面板的出光效率。
滤光层150可以采用低温彩膜工艺制作而成，其制作温度低于100℃，制作流程为：在平坦层140上制作起到防反射作用的黑色矩阵152，洗净后再进行光阻的涂布，先涂布红色光阻后，经曝光、显影、烘烤，形成红色彩膜(红色色阻单元)，再依序制作形成绿色彩膜和蓝色彩膜。
值得一提的是，本申请实施例提供的显示装置100为COE架构下的显示装置，然而，该显示装置100并不限于COE架构，也可以是其他架构，例如在其他实施方式中，显示装置100可以不包括滤光层150，本申请对此不做限定。聚光层160包括呈阵列排布的多个聚光结构161，本申请对聚光结构161的具体结构不做限定，只要能够起到聚拢光线作用的光学元件均应当被囊括在本申请的保护范围内。聚光结构161能够将更多的光线提取至装置的外侧，因此本申请中的聚光结构也可以被称作取光微结构。
图6是本申请实施例提供的聚光结构161的剖面示意图。如图6所示，本申请实施例提供的聚光结构161可以是能够起到聚拢光线作用的任意规则或者不规则形状的光学元件。
如图6所示，本申请实施例提供的聚光结构161的高度H大于或等于2微米，由此使得聚光结构具有更好的聚光效果。
如图6中的(a)部分、图6中的(c)部分以及图6中的(d)部分所示，聚光结构161可以是聚光微透镜，例如聚光凸透镜。此时，聚光结构161的高度H是指聚光结构161的底面S0到顶点的距离，该底面为平面，即聚光结构161朝向子像素121的侧面，也是邻近色阻单元151一侧的侧面，为聚光结构161的入光侧。该顶点远离子像素121，为聚光结构161的出光侧。沿着聚光结构161的底面S0到顶点的方向，即光线的出射方向，也即显示装置100的厚度方向。
如图6中的(b)部分所示，聚光结构161的剖面也可以呈梯形状，具有顶面和底面S0，二者均为平面。此时，聚光结构161的高度H是指聚光结构161的底面S0到顶面的距离。该底面S0贴合于色阻单元151之上。
如图6所示，随着高度的不同，聚光结构161的截面积可能不同。在本申请实施例中，将聚光结构161的10％高度处(即H/10处)的截面积S定义为聚光结构161的面积。也就说是，对于图6中示出的不同结构的聚光结构161而言，H/10处的截面积S即为聚光 结构161的面积。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，聚光结构161的面积(即10％高度处的截面积)与聚光结构161所对应的子像素121的发光面积的比值为0.6～2.2。
通过以上设置，能够确保子像素121所发出的大部分(例如面积的60％以上)光线均被聚光结构161所覆盖，从而能够确保聚光结构161能够对大部分光线进行聚拢，有利于提高装置的出光效率。
可选地，聚光结构161为凸透镜，该凸透镜的矢高大于或等于2微米，由此使得聚光结构161具有更好的聚光效果。
可选地，该凸透镜的凸面的面型可以为球面、椭球面、抛物面、自由曲面等中的任意一种。
可选地，聚光结构161的材质可以是丙烯酸树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、硅氧烷树脂、酚醛树脂，以及与金属纳米粒子复合的上述树脂体系等，本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请实施例中，多个聚光结构161一一对应的覆盖于多个子像素121(即多个色阻单元151)之上。聚光结构161的数量可以等于或者小于子像素121的数量。
可选地，聚光结构161的数量与子像素121的数量相同，此时每一个子像素121均被聚光结构161所覆盖。也就是说，红色子像素、绿色子像素以及蓝色子像素均被聚光结构161所覆盖。
可选地，聚光结构161的数量小于子像素121的数量，此时仅有部分子像素121被聚光结构161所覆盖，而非全部。
例如，多个聚光结构161一一对应的覆盖于多个蓝色子像素之上，也就是说，聚光层的多个聚光结构161仅对蓝色子像素进行覆盖，而不覆盖红色子像素或者绿色子像素。由于蓝色子像素的发光功耗几乎占整个面板工作功耗的一半，在透镜数量有限的前提下，聚光结构161仅对蓝色子像素进行覆盖取光，可以有效降低蓝色子像素的发光功耗，进而有利于最大限度的降低面板的整体功耗。
此外，聚光结构161仅对蓝色子像素进行覆盖，也有利于降低聚光结构161的设置密度，进而在制造工艺上有利于降低聚光层160的加工难度。
可选地，在其他实施方式中，聚光结构161也可以根据实际需求按照任意的方式覆盖部分子像素121，例如仅覆盖红色子像素和/或绿色子像素，本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请实施例中，聚光层160(即聚光结构161)可以通过黄光工艺成型加工，具体工艺流程如下：
首先进行滤光层150表面清洗，去除表面异物与改善表面亲纾水性避免涂布缺陷产生；然后以涂布设备进行光刻胶成膜涂布,形成整面光刻胶膜；再使用软烤设备初步固化光刻胶与基板连结，并去除光刻胶内部部分化学溶液成分；后搭配光刻掩膜及曝光间距与曝光能量定义位置精度与图型；接着利用显影设备搭配显影温度与显影时间将光刻后图型显像；最后进行硬烤工艺将聚光结构161做最终固化避免后续工艺时出现异常。
如图4所示，显示装置100还包括保护层170，保护层170设于聚光层160背离基板110的一侧，聚光结构161的折射率大于保护层的折射率。保护层170覆盖于聚光层160之上，能够对聚光结构161起到隔离保护的作用。
保护层170由具有高透光性的材质构成，例如可以为光学胶(optically clear adhesive， OCA)，光学胶是一种无基体材料的双面贴合胶带，具有无色透明、高透光性(全光穿透率>99％)、高黏着力、耐高温、抗紫外线等特点，且具有受控制的厚度，能提供均匀的间距，长时间使用不会产生黄化、剥离及变质的问题。
可选地，该光学胶可以是液态光学胶(liquid optical clear adhesive，LOCA)，LOCA是一种液态胶水，固化后无色透明，透光率达到98％以上，具有固化收缩率小，耐黄变等特性。在全贴合领域中，与传统的OCA胶带相比，LOCA在大尺寸、曲面、恶劣环境等领域具有独特优势。例如。该LOCA可以是光学树脂(optical clear resin，OCR)。
可选地，保护层170可以由丙烯酸基树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰胺基树脂、聚酰亚胺基树脂、不饱和聚酯等中的至少一种材料构成，保护层170的全光穿透率大于等于99％。
可选地，聚光结构161与保护层170的折射率之差为0.1～0.5。通过以上设置，能够使得聚光结构161具有更好的光线汇聚效果。
在本申请实施例中，聚光结构161的折射率范围为1.6～1.8，保护层170的折射率为1.4～1.55。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置100还包括散射层，该散射层设于聚光层160背离基板110的一侧，散射层的雾度(haze)值为20％～70％，例如雾度值为40％～55％。
在COE架构下，入射至面板内部的光线反射时容易发生衍射问题，导致在外界环境强光下(例如点光源或者太阳光或灯管下)产生色彩斑斓的衍射彩色图案，严重影响阅读体验。本申请通过在发光层120的出光侧设置散射层，能够将有规律的衍射图案打散，从而消除衍射问题，提高用户的阅读体验。
进一步地，如图4所示，散热层由保护层170内部散布散射粒子而形成。散射粒子均匀的分布于保护层170内部(分布均匀性大于85％)，可以根据散射粒子的浓度来调节散热层的雾度值。
具体地，在保护层170的制作过程中掺杂散射粒子，散射粒子的尺寸为大于2微米，并小于子像素最短边长度的一半，散射粒子的材质可为机散射体粒子，如交联聚苯乙烯(polystyrene，PS)、交联聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA)、有机硅聚合物或者无机散射粒子，如二氧化钛等，需要在制样的过程中，充分混合，确保散射粒子的分布均匀性大于85％，调节雾度值的方法可以通过控制基体树脂和散射粒子的比例来实现。
可选地，散射粒子为球形结构，该球形结构的直径为1～3微米。从而能够更加有效的消除衍射问题。
如图4所示，显示装置100还包括依次堆叠设置于保护层170之上的盖板层180和功能层190。
盖板层180用于为面板提供机械支撑与保护，盖板层180例如可以是玻璃盖板。功能层190用于实现相应的功能，功能层190可以由一层或者多层薄膜堆叠而成。
例如，功能层190可以包括用于减小光线反射的减反层，该减反层能够减小面板表面的反射，提高显示装置100画面的对比度，提高显示画面色域，改善熄屏状态下视觉偏色等问题。
减反层可采用现有成熟的干法或湿法工艺制成，减反层的材质例如可以是氮氧化硅或 二氧化硅。
再例如，功能层190还可以包括抗眩保护(anti-glare，AG)层，本申请通过设置AG层，能够解决显示装置100在环境光源下产生反光、眩光的问题，提高图像画面质量。AG层可以降低环境光的干扰，提高显示画面的可视角度和亮度，减少屏幕反光，让图像更清晰、色彩更艳丽、颜色更饱和，从而显著改善面板的显示效果。
再例如，功能层190还可以包括耐指纹(anti-fingerprint，AF)层。本申请通过设置AF层，能够将盖板层180表面张力降至最低，使其具有较强的疏水疏油、抗指纹的能力，从而进一步达到电子产品表面污渍附着力差，易清洁的效果。
例如，该AF层可以是能够降低汗液沾染的氟醚类耐指纹层。
图7是本申请实施例提供的显示装置100的另一例的结构示意图。如图7所示，相对于前述图4所示的实施例，在本实施例中，散射层131设于封装层130与聚光层160之间。也就是说，图4所示实施例中散射层位于聚光层160的出光侧，聚光层160先对发光层120发出的光线进行汇聚以后，散射层再对光线进行散射处理。而本实施例中散射层131位于聚光层160的入光侧，散射层131先对发光层120发出的光线进行散射以后，聚光层160再对光线进行汇聚处理。相对于图4所示的实施例，本实施例提供的显示装置100正视角的亮度更高。
可选地，散射层131雾度值可以为5％～85％。类似地，散射层131也可以通过树脂等透光材料内部掺杂散射粒子而形成，散射层131的材质选择以及制造工艺等可以参见前述实施例中的表述，在此不再赘述。
进一步地，显示装置100还包括触控(touch on TFE，TOE)层。触控层设于封装层130与聚光层160之间，触控层包括平坦层，散射层131由该平坦层内部散布散射粒子而形成。
本申请实施例通过复用触控层的平坦层，通过在该平坦层内部散布散射粒子而形成散射层131，有利于减薄显示装置100的整体厚度。
图8是本申请实施例提供的触控层的结构示意图。如图8所示，触控层包括依次堆叠设置的缓冲(buffer)层T3、第二平坦层T2以及第一平坦层T1。第一平坦层T1与第二平坦层T2的厚度均为两微米左右，可以复用第一平坦层T1和/或第二平坦层，即可以在第一平坦层T1和/或第二平坦层内掺杂散射粒子以形成该散射层131，在不会影响触控层正常工作的前提下，能够起到消除部分衍射的效果。
如图1所示，OLED显示面板因为内部金属电极结构，在室内或外界强光下的反光，造成阅读的干扰，暗态不暗。通常是在外部加上可抗环境光反射的圆偏光片，通过线偏光片及相位补偿膜的组合将OLED阴极反射光调整至无法透过线偏光的偏振态。然而OLED出射光为非极化光，其中50％的垂直偏振态无法通过线偏光片，也对OLED显示面板出光造成损失。
图4-图8所示的实施例提供的显示装置100通过设置滤光层150来取代传统的圆偏光片，并且在滤光层150上进一步设置聚光层160来对光线进行聚拢，由此提高了显示装置100的出光效率。
本申请实施例还提供了一种显示装置，该显示装置可以保留圆偏光片，而是通过在显示装置内部设置胆甾型液晶(cholesteric liquidcrystal，CLC)层来选择性的将左旋偏振光 或者右旋偏振光反射向装置的发光层，装置的发光层对反射回来的左旋或者右旋偏振光进行旋转和再次反射，进而能够使得发光层发出的左旋和右旋偏振光均能够最终通过圆偏光片射向面板的外侧，由此提高了显示装置的出光效率。
胆甾型液晶层(又被称为手性出光层)是实现上述技术效果的关键，胆甾型液晶由衬底和液晶组成，胆甾型液晶的液晶分子呈扁平状，排列成层，层内分子相互平行，分子长轴平行于层平面，不同层的分子长轴方向稍有变化，沿层的法线方向排列成螺旋状结构。可以通过胆甾型液晶的结构来实现偏振选择性。
胆甾相液晶对特定波长范围的光线具有反射某一旋转方向圆偏振光(左旋或者右旋)，透传另一方向圆偏振光(右旋或者左旋)的特性。胆甾相液晶作用波长范围由液晶分子折射率差△n和液晶分子周期pitch乘积决定。对于作用波长以外的光线，胆甾相液晶仅能够进行透传，而无法起到反射作用。在本申请实施例中，可以对胆甾相液晶进行配置，使得胆甾型液晶层的作用波段包括但不限于蓝光波段、绿光波段、红光波段或是整个可见光波段。
当胆甾型液晶的螺距旋转方向为左旋时，允许右旋偏振光(也被称为右旋圆偏振光)透射，且能够将左旋偏振光(也被称作左旋圆偏振光)反射向面板的发光层。或者，当胆甾型液晶的螺距旋转方向为右旋时，允许左旋偏振光透射，且能够将右旋偏振光反射向面板的发光层。
图9是本申请实施例提供的显示装置200的结构示意图。如图9所示，显示面板200包括基板210，以及依次堆叠于所述基板210上的电路层220、发光层230、封装层240、聚光层250、胆甾型液晶层260、圆偏光片270、连接层280以及盖板层290。其中，基板210、电路层220、发光层230、封装层240、聚光层250、连接层280以及盖板层290可以参见前述的相关表述，本申请在此重点介绍胆甾型液晶层260与圆偏光片270。
图10是胆甾型液晶层260的工作原理示意图。如图9、图10所示，胆甾型液晶层260设于发光层230背离基板210的一侧，胆甾型液晶层260用于将发光层230的子像素231所发出的第二旋转方向的光线反射回发光层230，并且供第一旋转方向的光线通过。发光层230包括金属材质层(例如阴极层)，基于发光层230自身的特性，发光层230(例如阴极层)能够将第二旋转方向的光线旋转为第一旋转方向并反射至胆甾型液晶层，由发光层230旋转获得的第一旋转方向的光线能够通过胆甾型液晶层260。
圆偏光片270包括位相差膜271和线性偏光片272，从胆甾型液晶层260射出的光线首先射向位相差膜271。圆偏光片层270设于胆甾型液晶层背离基板210的一侧，位相差膜271用于将第一旋转方向的光线转换成能够通过线性偏光片272的垂直偏振光或水平偏振光。
在本申请实施例中，第一旋转方向的光线为左旋偏振光，第二旋转方向的光线为右旋偏振光。此时，胆甾型液晶层260能够将发光层230的子像素231所发出的右旋偏振光反射回发光层230，并且透传左旋偏振光。发光层230将该右旋偏振光旋转为左旋偏振光之后反射回胆甾型液晶层260。
具体地，如图10所示，发光层230的出射光为自然光，包括50％的左旋偏振光和50％的右旋偏振光，上述光线传输至胆甾型液晶层260以后，50％的左旋偏振光将直接通过胆甾型液晶层260传输至位相差膜271，位相差膜271将这部分光线转换成水平偏振光，并 且传输至线性偏光片272。线性偏光片272为吸收型偏振片(absorptive polarizer)，对入射光具有遮蔽和透过的功能，可以使水平偏振光透过，而屏蔽(阻隔)垂直偏振光。
可选地，线性偏光片272可以为金属线栅型、多层双折射聚合物膜型或MacNeille型偏光片。
发光层230发射的右旋偏振光无法透过胆甾型液晶层260，而是被胆甾型液晶层260反射回发光层230，发光层230将该右旋偏振光旋转为左旋偏振光之后反射回胆甾型液晶层260。此时，这部分光线可以依次通过胆甾型液晶层260、位相差膜271和线性偏光片272之后射向装置外侧。
根据本申请实施例提供的显示装置200，通过在发光层230和圆偏光片270之间设置胆甾型液晶层260来选择性的将左旋偏振光或者右旋偏振光反射向装置的发光层，发光层对反射回来的左旋或者右旋偏振光进行旋转和再次反射，进而能够使得发光层230发出的左旋偏振光和右旋偏振光均能够最终通过圆偏光片270射向装置的外侧，由此提高了显示装置200的出光效率。
可选地，在其他实施方式中，第一旋转方向的光线也可以为右旋偏振光，第二旋转方向的光线为左旋偏振光。此时，可以更改胆甾型液晶层260的配置(螺旋方向)，使得胆甾型液晶层260能够反射左旋偏振光，并且透传右旋偏振光，线性偏光片272被设置成可以使垂直偏振光透过，而屏蔽(阻隔)水平偏振光即可。
如图9所示，在本申请实施例中，胆甾型液晶层260位于聚光层250背离基板210的一侧，也即胆甾型液晶层260位于聚光层250的出光侧。
图11是本申请实施例提供的显示装置200的另一例的结构示意图。在图11所示的实施例中，胆甾型液晶层260也可以位于聚光层250与基板210之间，也即胆甾型液晶层260位于聚光层250的入光侧。本申请实施例对聚光层250与胆甾型液晶层260的相对位置不做限定。
如图9所示，在本申请实施例中，胆甾型液晶层250包括多个液晶图案261，多个液晶图案261一一对应的覆盖于多个子像素231之上。
此时多个液晶图案261的作用波段与多个子像素231的显示波段一一对应，作用波段为蓝光波段的液晶图案261(B-CLC)覆盖于显示蓝光的子像素231(B)之上，用于将该子像素231发出的蓝光中的第二旋转方向(右旋)的光线反射回发光层230，并且供第一旋转方向(左旋)的光线通过。
作用波段为绿光波段的液晶图案261(G-CLC)覆盖于显示绿光的子像素231(G)之上，用于将该子像素231发出的绿光中的第二旋转方向(右旋)的光线反射回发光层230，并且供第一旋转方向(左旋)的光线通过。
作用波段为红光波段的液晶图案261(R-CLC)覆盖于显示红光的子像素231(R)之上，用于将该子像素231发出的红光中的第二旋转方向(右旋)的光线反射回发光层230，并且供第一旋转方向(左旋)的光线通过。
进一步地，胆甾型液晶层260还包括覆盖于液晶图案261之上的保护层，该保护层的相关特征可以参见前文的相关表述，在此不再赘述。
可选地，在其他实施方式中，多个液晶图案251的作用波段可以相同，并且均为可见光波段。通过以上设置，可以方便加工成型，简化生产工艺，节约成本。此时，多个液晶 图案251中的至少部分可以相连成一个整体结构。
本申请实施例的显示装置200可以按照以下工艺流程制作而成：
1、胆甾型液晶层260的涂布及配向：通过光配向或是液晶自组装使胆甾型液晶层260规则排列达到取向状态，胆甾型液晶层260的厚度在2～5微米。此处所用的胆甾型液晶作用波段为R/G/B其中之一。
2、液晶图案261图形化：在液晶分子取向后，分子按取向排列。此时，将光罩(mask，又称光掩模版)置于液膜上方，诱导取向分子聚合的光源置于光罩上方。此时，只有未被光罩遮挡的部分能够被照射并发生聚合，被光罩遮挡的薄膜未发生聚合，未聚合的单体分子可以用溶剂清洗去除，这样形成了图形化的液晶图案261。在本申请实施例中，未被光罩遮挡即保留的液晶图案261位于对应的子像素上方。
3、重复步骤1、2：根据需要可对R/G/B三个波段的液晶图案261分别进行涂布和图形化，制作过程同步骤1、2，最终可获得3种液晶图案261任意组合。
4、涂布保护层：在制作完液晶图案261的面板上方涂布树脂等OC材料作为保护和平坦化层。
5、贴合圆偏光270与盖板层290：将已制作好的面板与圆偏光片270和盖板层290(例如玻璃盖板)先后贴合。
图12是本申请实施例提供的显示装置200的再一例的结构示意图。如图12所示，在本申请实施例中，胆甾型液晶层260为薄膜状整体结构，并且胆甾型液晶层260作用波段为可见光波段(CLC)，通过以上设置有利于节约生产工序，提高生产效率。
进一步地，如图12所示，聚光层250还包括围绕聚光结构251的黑色矩阵252。通过以上设置，黑色矩阵252能够吸收外界环境射入的环境光，进入能够降低装置的反射率，提高装置的对比度。
OLED光源为非准直光源，其光斑在胆甾型液晶层260和发光层230的界面发生两次反射后会显著增大，被黑色矩阵252吸收后会显著影响出光增益，因此设置聚光结构251将OLED发光聚拢可有效减少黑色矩阵252对增益影响。或者也可以减小图形化胆甾型液晶层260(即液晶图案261)面积，降低对外界环境光反射的增加。
图13是本申请实施例提供的显示装置200的再一例的结构示意图。如图13所示，在本实施例中，多个聚光结构251一一对应的覆盖于多个蓝色子像素231之上，胆甾型液晶层260的作用波段包括蓝光波段。也就是说，此时仅提高蓝光的出光效率，有利于节约装置的功耗，并且方便加工。
进一步地，聚光层250还包括围绕聚光结构251的黄色光阻253。黄色光阻253能够供绿光和红光通过，并且吸收其他波段的光线，通过设置黄色光阻253能够降低装置的反射率，提高装置的对比度。
图12或图13所示的显示装置200可以按照以下工艺流程制作而成：
1、形成胆甾型液晶层260：胆甾型液晶层260可由胆甾相液晶与基材组成，于一基材上先涂布配向层，在涂布上胆甾相液晶层，厚度在1～5微米。配向工艺采用摩擦配向或光配向或液晶自组装。胆甾型液晶层260反射作用波段包括R\G\B单独波段或其任意组合，也可包含整个可见光波段。
其中基板可为圆偏光片、三醋酸纤维薄膜(triacetyl cellulose，TAC)、环烯烃聚合物 (cyclo olefin polymer，COP)、玻璃(0.02-0.5毫米)以及复合聚合物膜等。
配向工艺：摩擦配向：系将基材放置于承载平台上，并将涂布配向膜的一面朝上；承载平台与驱动机构结合，并由驱动机构带动承载平台进行直线输送。在基材输送路径上设置表面附设毛布的滚筒。当基材通过滚筒时，滚筒以其底部的切线速度方向与基材的行进方向相反的顺时针方向滚动方式对基板表面的配向膜进行滚动摩擦，经过摩擦配向后的配向膜表面分子将不再杂散分布，而呈现均匀排列的介面条件，使液晶能够依照预定的方向排列。
光配向：属于非接触型配向，利用高精度实时追踪补偿模式的紫外光使得光敏聚合物单体材料发生化学反应产生各向异性，液晶分子与配向膜表面分子相互作用，为了达到能量最小的稳定状态，液晶分子沿着光配向所定义的受力最大方向排列。
2、圆偏光片270和胆甾型液晶层260贴合：若胆甾型液晶层260未直接涂布在圆偏光片270上，则需将胆甾型液晶层260与圆偏光片270的相位补偿膜面通过光学胶或压敏胶(pressure sensitive adhesive，PSA)贴合。
3、黑色矩阵252(又被叫做可见光吸收层)：若胆甾型液晶层260作用于整个可见光波段，则在显示屏上表面制备一层黑色光刻胶层，作为吸收层；首先涂布黑色光阻，然后通过黄光工艺形成黑色矩阵252，吸收区与发光层230的非发光区域对应。若胆甾型液晶层260作用于R/G/B其中单一波段，则也可涂布其补色光阻作为吸收层，涂布区域为发光层230的非发光区域。
4、聚光结构：具体制作工艺参见前文的相关表述。
5、贴合圆偏光270与盖板层290：将已制作好的面板与圆偏光片270和盖板层290(例如玻璃盖板)先后贴合，其中胆甾型液晶层260位于显示屏与圆偏光片270之间。
另一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，图14是本申请实施例提供的电子设备1000的结构示意图。如图14所示，电子设备1000包括壳体1100和显示装置1200，显示装置1200安装于壳体1100上。显示装置1200为前述任一实施例提供的显示装置100或者显示装置200。
可选地，电子设备1000为任意具有显示功能的电子产品，包括但不限于手机(例如可折叠手机)、平板电脑、电视、笔记本电脑、电脑显示器、智能手表、车载显示设备、导航仪等。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括：
    基板；
    发光层，设于所述基板上，所述发光层包括多个子像素；
    聚光层，设于所述发光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述聚光层包括多个聚光结构，所述多个聚光结构覆盖于多个所述子像素之上，所述聚光结构用于聚拢所述聚光结构所覆盖的所述子像素发出的光线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个聚光结构一一对应的覆盖于多个所述子像素之上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括：
    滤光层，设于所述发光层与所述聚光层之间，所述滤光层包括多个色阻单元以及围绕所述色阻单元的黑色矩阵，所述多个色阻单元一一对应的覆盖于多个所述子像素之上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述聚光结构的面积与所述聚光结构所对应的子像素的发光面积的比值为0.6～2.2，其中，所述聚光结构的面积为10％高度处的截面积。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述聚光结构的高度大于或等于2微米。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括：
    保护层，设于所述聚光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述聚光结构的折射率大于所述保护层的折射率。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述聚光结构与所述保护层的折射率之差为0.1～0.5。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括：
    散射层，设于所述聚光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述散射层的雾度值为20％～70％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述散射层由所述保护层内部散布散射粒子而形成。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括：
    封装层，设于所述发光层与所述聚光层之间；
    散射层，设于所述封装层与所述聚光层之间，所述散射层的雾度值为5％～85％。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括：
    触控层，设于所述封装层与所述聚光层之间，所述触控层包括平坦层，所述散射层由所述平坦层内部散布散射粒子而形成。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个聚光结构一一对应的覆盖于多个蓝色子像素之上。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述子像素包括有机发光二极管或者微米发光二极管。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述聚光结构为聚光微透镜。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述散射粒子为球形结构，所述球形结构的直径为1～3微米。
  16. 根据权利要求1或2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示装置还包括：
    胆甾型液晶层，设于所述发光层背离所述基板的一侧，所述胆甾型液晶层用于将所述子像素所发出的第二旋转方向的光线反射向所述发光层，并且供第一旋转方向的光线通过；所述发光层还用于将所述第二旋转方向的光线旋转为第一旋转方向并反射向所述胆甾型液晶层；
    圆偏光片层，设于所述胆甾型液晶层背离所述基板的一侧，所述圆偏光片层包括位相差膜和线性偏光片，所述位相差膜用于将所述第一旋转方向的光线转换成能够通过所述线性偏光片的垂直偏振光或水平偏振光。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述胆甾型液晶层包括多个液晶图案，所述多个胆甾型液晶图案一一对应的覆盖于多个所述子像素之上。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述胆甾型液晶层的作用波段包括整个可见光。
  19. 根据权利要求16-18中任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述聚光层还包括围绕所述聚光结构的黑色矩阵。
  20. 根据权利要求16或17所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述多个聚光结构一一对应的覆盖于多个蓝色子像素之上，所述胆甾型液晶层的作用波段包括蓝光波段。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述聚光层还包括围绕所述聚光结构的黄色光阻。
  22. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括壳体，以及如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的显示装置，所述显示装置安装于所述壳体上。
PCT/CN2022/099212 2021-06-18 2022-06-16 显示装置及电子设备 WO2022262817A1 (zh)

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