WO2022255494A1 - Crushing system and shredder scrap production method - Google Patents

Abstract

A crushing system (1) according to the present invention comprises: at least one crusher (10) that crushes iron scrap source material (24); at least one component analyzer (13) that analyzes the components of shredder scrap (25) produced by the crushing of the crusher (10); and an output unit (13b) that outputs the results of the analysis of the component analyzer (13), wherein the component analyzer (13) is an analyzer that is based on a neutron analysis method.

Description

Crushing system and shredder waste manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a crushing system and a shredder waste manufacturing method. This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-094713 filed in Japan on June 4, 2021, the content of which is incorporated herein.

Conventionally, there has been a crushing system that sorts scrap iron products, such as discarded automobiles, into iron and other impurities by crushing them. Non-Patent Document 1 describes a crusher that crushes a hammer attached to the circumference of a cylindrical roller with the force associated with the rotation of the cylinder, a wind separator for removing lightweight impurities, and a non-ferrous metal with the force of magnetic force. A crushing system is disclosed that includes a magnetic separator that separates the In addition to the above configuration, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a discharge unit for dropping unsuitable materials contained in scrap raw materials and not suitable for crushing treatment and discharging them out of the crushing system is provided on the inlet side of the crusher. disclosed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-92902 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-167803

　The quality and productivity of shredder waste are important indicators in the operation of the above-mentioned crushing system. The quality of shredder scraps is measured by the concentration of impurities (for example, the concentration of Cu, which is a tramp element whose contamination as a raw material for ironmaking is undesirable) in the shredder scraps as a product. The productivity of shredder scraps is represented by, for example, an index of how many tons of shredder scraps can be produced per unit time. Generally, there is a trade-off relationship between the quality of shredder waste and productivity, and it is desirable to operate with a good balance between the two. However, since it is not easy to measure the quality of shredder waste, it is difficult to operate at the optimum balance point.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. That is, it is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing system and a method for producing shredder scraps that can be operated at an optimum balance between quality and productivity.

(1) A first aspect of the present invention comprises at least one crusher for crushing iron scrap raw materials, at least one component analyzer for analyzing the components of the shredder waste produced by crushing by the crusher, and and an output for outputting analysis results of the instrument, wherein the component analyzer is a neutron spectroscopy-based analyzer.

(2) The shredding system described in (1) above further includes a magnetic separator for sorting the shredder scrap into ferrous substances and non-ferrous substances, and the component analyzer analyzes the ferrous substances based on neutron analysis. good.

(3) The shredding system described in (2) above may include a wind sorter that removes impurities from the shredder waste by wind power.

(4) In the shredding system according to any one of (1) to (3) above, a reject sorter for sorting the shredder waste into acceptable products and reject products based on the analysis results of the component analyzer. and at least one component analyzer may be installed upstream of the reject sorter.

(5) In the crushing system according to any one of the above (1) to (4), at least one of the devices constituting the crushing system other than the component analyzer is a controlled device, and the output unit may output the analysis result of the component analyzer to the device to be controlled.

(6) In the crushing system according to any one of (1) to (4) above, or at least one of the devices constituting the crushing system other than the component analyzer is a control target device, The analysis result of the component analyzer output from the output unit may be input to the control target device via a person.

(7) In the crushing system described in (5) or (6) above, the device to be controlled may be a device located downstream from the component analyzer.

(8) A second aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the above problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, is a shredder waste manufacturing method for manufacturing shredder waste from iron scrap raw material, comprising at least A crushing step of crushing the iron scrap raw material using one crusher, a component analysis step of analyzing the components of the shredder scraps crushed in the crushing step using at least one component analyzer, and a component analyzer. and an output step of outputting analysis results, wherein the component analyzer is an analyzer based on neutron analysis.

(9) The shredder waste manufacturing method described in (8) above may further include an operating condition changing step of changing the operating conditions of the crushing system that manufactures shredder waste based on the analysis result of the component analyzer.

(10) In the shredder waste manufacturing method described in (8) or (9) above, the rejected product sorting step of sorting the shredder waste into acceptable products and rejected products based on the analysis results of the component analyzer, It may contain further.

According to the present invention, the shredder waste produced by crushing iron scrap raw materials is analyzed by a component analyzer based on the neutron analysis method, and the analysis results are output. As a result, control based on the analysis results becomes possible, making it possible to achieve both the quality of shredder scraps and the productivity of shredder scraps, and to operate at an optimum balance point.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram which shows one structural example of the crushing system which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a crusher according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a wind sorter according to a first embodiment; FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic block diagram of the magnetic force sorter which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a component analyzer according to a first embodiment; FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a reject sorting machine according to a first embodiment; FIG. It is a flow chart which shows an example of operation of a crushing system concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows one structural example of the crushing system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 9 is a flow chart showing an example of a crushing control method according to the second embodiment; It is a block diagram which shows one structural example of the crushing system which concerns on a modification. It is a block diagram which shows an example of a crushing control apparatus in each embodiment and a modification, and a hardware configuration of each control part.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present specification and drawings, constituent elements having substantially the same functional configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, thereby omitting redundant description.

<First embodiment>
[1. System configuration]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of a crushing system 1 according to the first embodiment. A schematic configuration of the crushing system 1 will be described below with reference to FIG.

The crushing system 1, as shown in FIG. The crusher 10 , wind separator 11 , and magnetic separator 12 are installed upstream of the component analyzer 13 , and the reject sorter 14 is installed downstream of the component analyzer 13 .

The iron scrap raw material put into the crushing system 1 is shredded by the crusher 10 in the crushing step, then passes through the wind separator 11 and the magnetic force separator 12 and reaches the component analyzer 13 . The shredder waste that has passed through the component analyzer 13 is sorted by the rejected product sorter 14 in the rejected product sorting step based on the analysis results of the components. Moreover, shredder scraps sorted out as rejected products by the rejected product sorting machine 14 are put into the crusher 10 again. At this time, based on the analysis result of the component analyzer 13, the operating conditions of the crusher 10, the wind separator 11, and the magnetic separator 12 are changed in the operating condition changing step.
Conveyance mechanisms 111, 112, 113, 114 such as belt conveyors are provided between each device (that is, the crusher 10, the wind sorter 11, the magnetic sorter 12, the component analyzer 13, and the rejected product sorter 14). is provided, and shredder scraps are conveyed by conveying mechanisms 111, 112, 113, and 114. In addition, when each apparatus 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 is installed adjacently, these conveyance mechanisms 111, 112, 113, and 114 can also be abbreviate|omitted.

A conveying mechanism 110 for conveying the iron scrap material to the crusher 10 is provided on the inlet side of the crusher 10 . On the output side of the rejected product sorting machine 14, there are an acceptable product transport mechanism 115 for transporting accepted shredder waste and a rejected product transport mechanism 116 for transporting rejected shredder waste. be provided. Each of the devices 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 has a controller 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a, respectively, and operates according to instructions from the controller 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the crusher 10 according to the first embodiment. The crusher 10 is a device that crushes the iron scrap material 24 (for example, discarded automobiles) introduced into the crushing system 1 from the conveying direction 201 . For example, the crusher 10 includes a cylindrical roller 21 having a hammer 22 attached to its outer peripheral surface, and crushes the iron scrap material 24 with the hammer 22 by rotating the cylindrical roller 21 . On the delivery side of the crusher 10, there is provided a grid 23 through which only shredder waste 25 having an opening 23a smaller than a predetermined size (mesh size) passes. Note that the crusher described in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used as the crusher 10 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the wind sorter 11 according to the first embodiment. The wind sorter 11 removes light impurities from the shredder waste 25 generated by the shredding process of the shredder 10 by wind power. As used herein, lightweight impurities are non-metallic substances having a density of about 1 g/cm ³ or less.
For example, the wind sorter 11 has a cylinder 29 extending in the vertical direction, and has a mechanism capable of inserting the shredder waste 25 from an entrance side 27 provided on the side surface of the cylinder 29 . The wind sorter 11 also has an air blower (not shown) that blows air into the cylinder 29 from an air blowing port 29 a on the side surface of the cylinder 29 below the inlet side 27 . The upper part of the tube 29 is provided with an upper outlet side 29b, and the lower part of the tube 29 is provided with a lower outlet side 29c. The upper outlet side 29b is above the inlet side 27, and the lower outlet side 29c is below the air outlet 29a.

A gas flow 28 is generated in the cylinder 29 from the bottom to the top by blowing air from the air blowing port 29a by the blower against the movement of the shredder scraps 25 thrown in from the entrance side 27 falling in the cylinder 29 due to gravity. As a result, light impurities having a higher floating speed than the wind speed of the blower move upward and are discharged from the upper delivery side 29b, while shredder waste 25 having a lower floating speed moves downward and are discharged from the lower delivery side 29c. . Thus, the wind sorter 11 can separate the shredder waste 25 and light impurities by wind power. Note that the wind sorter described in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used as the wind sorter 11 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the magnetic sorter 12 according to the first embodiment. The magnetic force sorter 12 generates a magnetic force toward the shredder waste 25 discharged from the lower delivery side 29c after light impurities are removed by the wind force sorter 11, and sorts the shredder waste 25 into magnetic substances and non-magnetic substances. . In this embodiment, the case of using a drum type magnetic force sorter as the magnetic force sorter 12 will be described, but other magnetic force sorters (for example, a hanging magnetic force sorter) may be used.

As shown in FIG. 4, the magnetic force sorter 12 of this embodiment includes a drum 12b containing a magnetic force generator (electromagnet, permanent magnet, etc.) that generates magnetic force, and a belt conveyor 26 is wound around the drum 12b. there is As the drum 12b rotates, the shredder waste 25 on the belt conveyor 26 is transported to the position of the drum 12b. The magnetic force generated by the magnetic force generator incorporated in the drum 12b attracts the magnetic shredder waste 25b to the drum 12b, but the non-magnetic shredder waste 25a does not adhere to the drum 12b. Therefore, after passing over the drum 12b, the shredder waste 25b having magnetism falls in the -X direction side shown in FIG. It falls in the +X direction shown.

After that, the non-magnetic shredder scraps 25a fall onto the belt conveyor 26a arranged on the +X direction side with respect to the drum 12b, and are transported to the following device. On the other hand, the magnetic shredder waste 25b falls onto the belt conveyor 26b arranged on the -X direction side with respect to the drum 12b, and is conveyed to the following device. In this way, the magnetic separator 12 can separate the shredder scraps 25b having magnetism (that is, containing iron) and the shredder scraps 25a that are non-magnetic (that is, containing no iron). In addition, the magnetic force sorter described in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used as the magnetic force sorter 12 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of the component analyzer 13 according to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, a magnetic separator is used to separate shredder scraps into ferrous substances and non-ferrous substances, and a component analyzer analyzes ferrous substances based on neutron analysis.

As shown in FIG. 5, the component analyzer 13 continuously or intermittently measures the components of the shredder waste 25b conveyed from upstream. In particular, the concentration of impurities (specifically, copper, etc.) in the shredder waste 25b is measured. A neutron analysis method is used as a component analysis method. When laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and fluorescent X-ray analysis are used, only the components of the surface layer of the shredder scrap 25b can be measured. A neutron analysis method is employed for component analysis by the component analyzer 13 .

In the present embodiment, since the iron scraps to be thrown into the crusher 10 are discarded automobiles, the component analyzer 13 measures the concentration of Cu in the shredder scraps 25b transported from upstream. However, the measurement target of the component analyzer 13 is not limited to the concentration of Cu in the shredder scrap 25b, and may be the concentration of Ni or the concentration of Cr in the shredder scrap 25b.
Moreover, although the component analyzer 13 has explained the case of measuring only the concentration of Cu in the shredder scrap 25b, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the component analyzer 13 may measure the concentration of Ni and the concentration of Cr in addition to the concentration of Cu in the shredder scrap 25b.

Further, in the shredder scrap manufacturing method, when the discarded automobile is crushed by the crusher, the maximum size of the shredder scrap is about 1 cm to 20 cm.
Further, when the shredder scraps are stacked on the belt conveyor 26b, the maximum stacking height of the shredder scraps is about 10 cm to 1 m. On the other hand, the neutron beam penetration depth of the neutron analyzer is 1 m or more. Therefore, shredder scraps produced by crushing scrapped automobiles by the crusher 10 can be subjected to component analysis as a component analysis step in a state of being stacked on the belt conveyor 26b.

The neutron spectroscopy method is a method of identifying elements from the spectrum of gamma rays emitted from the substance to be measured that is excited by neutron irradiation. Neutron analysis methods are roughly divided into prompt gamma-ray analysis methods using prompt gamma rays and neutron activation analysis methods using decay gamma rays. Since the present embodiment requires real-time measurement, a prompt gamma ray analysis method for measuring gamma rays emitted immediately after neutron irradiation is more preferable.

The component analyzer 13 of this embodiment, which employs the prompt gamma ray analysis method, is installed, for example, in the vicinity of the belt conveyor 35 that conveys the shredder waste 25b as shown in FIG. A neutron source 31 that emits a neutron beam 33 is installed below the belt conveyor 35, and a gamma ray detector 32 that detects gamma rays emitted from the shredder waste 25b excited by the irradiation of the neutron beam 33 is attached to the belt conveyor. Installed above 35. In order to prevent leakage of neutron beams, it is desirable to surround the neutron source 31 with a shield 34 . For the component analyzer 13 based on the prompt gamma ray analysis method, for example, the component analyzer described in Patent Document 2 may be used.

The component analyzer 13 also includes an output unit 13b, as shown in FIG. As an output step, the output unit 13b outputs the result of the component analysis (for example, the impurity concentration) by the component analyzer 13. FIG. For example, the output unit 13b may be a display that displays character strings, images, etc., or a speaker that outputs audio. These output units 13b may be provided integrally with the component analyzer 13, or may be provided independently at a position separate from the component analyzer 13. FIG. The output unit 13b may also output (transmit) a signal representing the result of the component analysis performed by the component analyzer 13 to the devices 10, 11, 12, and 14 other than the component analyzer.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of the rejected product sorting machine 14 according to the first embodiment, showing a plan view. The rejected product classifier 14 excludes the shredder waste 25b for which the component analysis result (for example, impurity concentration) in the component analyzer 13 exceeds a predetermined reference value as a rejected product. As shown in FIG. 6 , in the present embodiment, a branched belt conveyor is used as the rejected product sorting machine 14 . Specifically, the transport mechanism 114 that transports the shredder scraps 25b from the upstream includes a passing product transport mechanism 115 that transports acceptable products whose component analysis results are equal to or less than a predetermined standard value, and an acceptable product transport mechanism 115 that transports acceptable products whose component analysis results exceed a predetermined standard value. It branches to a rejected product transport mechanism 116 that transports acceptable products. A branching device 41 is provided at the branch point between the acceptable product transport mechanism 115 and the rejected product transport mechanism 116 , and the position of the branching device 41 is changed based on the result of component analysis by the component analyzer 13 . As a result, the shredder waste 25b transported from the upstream in the transport direction 201 is divided into acceptable products (transported by the acceptable product transport mechanism 115) and predetermined are separated into rejected products (transported by the rejected product transport mechanism 116) exceeding the reference value of .

The crushing system 1 according to the first embodiment has been described above. The configuration of the crushing system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and at least one crusher 10 and at least one component analyzer 13 need only be included in the present embodiment. That is, the crushing system 1 may be configured without some of the devices (for example, the wind sorter 11, the magnetic sorter 12, and the reject sorter 14).
Specifically, the crushing system 1 may be configured to include the crusher 10 and a component analyzer, or may be configured to include a crusher, a magnetic separator, and a component analyzer. Moreover, the crushing system 1 may be configured to include a reject sorter in addition to these devices.
Also, one device may have the functions of a plurality of devices, and it is also possible to configure such that a plurality of functions included in one device are performed by different devices. Furthermore, the crusher 10 and the wind sorter 11 may be provided, and a plurality of devices may be provided for one function, such as providing a plurality of each device.

[2. Operation of crushing system]
Next, operation of the crushing system 1 according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the crushing system 1 according to the first embodiment.

(S110: crushing step)
When the iron scrap material 24 is put into the crusher 10 of the crushing system 1 , the controller 10 a of the crusher 10 rotates the cylindrical roller 21 . As the cylindrical roller 21 rotates, the iron scrap raw material 24 is crushed by the hammer 22 to become shredder scraps 25 . The shredder waste 25 generated here is transported to the wind sorter 11 via a transport mechanism 111 provided between the crusher 10 and the wind sorter 11 used in the next process.

(S120: wind sorting step)
The shredder scraps 25 that have reached the wind sorter 11 are thrown in from the entry side 27 on the side surface of the vertical cylinder 29, as shown in FIG. The control unit 11a of the wind sorter 11 controls the blower to blow air upward from the blower port 29a below the cylinder 29 . At this time, the light contaminants move upward in the cylinder 29 by the gas flow 28 generated by the blower, and the shredder scraps 25 move downward in the cylinder 29, so that the shredder scraps 25 and the light contaminants are separated. can. The shredder scrap 25 from which lightweight impurities have been removed by separation here is transported to the magnetic sorter 12 via a transport mechanism 112 provided between the wind sorter 11 and the magnetic sorter 12 used in the next process. be done.

(S130: magnetic force sorting step)
When the shredder scraps 25 reach the magnetic sorter 12, the controller 12a of the magnetic sorter 12 controls the drum 12b and the belt conveyor 26 to convey the shredder scraps 25 to the position of the drum 12b. Along with this, the control unit 12a controls the magnetic force generator built in the drum 12b to generate magnetic force. Since the magnetic shredder waste 25b is attracted to the drum 12b, after passing over the drum 12b, it falls in the -X direction shown in FIG. On the other hand, the non-magnetic shredder waste 25a is not attracted to the drum 12b, so after passing over the drum 12b, it falls in the +X direction shown in FIG. . The shredder scraps 25b having magnetism (that is, containing iron) sorted out in this way are sent from the belt conveyor 26b via the conveying mechanism 113 provided between the magnetic sorter 12 and the working position of the next process, It is transported to the work position for the next process.

(S140: manual sorting step)
In the manual sorting process, foreign matter such as motors that could not be sorted out by the magnetic sorter 12 is removed from the shredder waste 25b. For example, when foreign matter such as copper is mixed in iron, the sorting by the magnetic sorter 12 is difficult. Therefore, in the manual sorting process, a person manually removes the foreign matter from the shredder waste 25b conveyed by the belt conveyor 26b. The shredder waste 25 b from which the foreign matter has been removed is transported to the component analyzer 13 via the transport mechanism 113 . After magnetic separation by the magnetic separation machine 12, neutron analysis of iron substances is performed. As a result, accurate neutron analysis can be performed with foreign matter removed to a minimum.

(S150: component analysis step)
After removing large foreign substances such as motors in the magnetic separation process and the manual separation process, when the shredder waste 25b reaches the component analyzer 13, the control unit 13a of the component analyzer 13 is installed under the belt conveyor 35. Control is performed to irradiate the neutron beam 33 from the neutron source 31 toward the shredder waste 25b conveyed on the belt conveyor 35. FIG. At this time, the gamma ray detector 32 installed above the belt conveyor 35 detects gamma rays emitted from the shredder waste 25b and transmits information corresponding to the detection result to the control section 13a. The control unit 13a identifies an element from the detected gamma ray spectrum based on the information from the gamma ray detector 32 and quantifies the component (prompt gamma ray analysis method). Thereby, the internal components of the shredder waste 25b can be identified, and the control unit 13a can obtain the concentration of impurities contained in the shredder waste 25b.
In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the case where the component analysis process was performed after the manual selection process was demonstrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the component analysis step may be performed after the magnetic selection step is performed.
As a result, the components of the shredder waste can be analyzed in a state in which foreign matter has been removed to a minimum by magnetic separation.

The output unit 13b outputs (displays) the analysis results obtained here on a display or the like to inform the operator, and also transmits a signal representing the analysis results to the reject sorter 14. FIG. The shredder scraps 25b whose components have been analyzed are transported to the rejected product sorter 14 via a transport mechanism 114 provided between the component analyzer 13 and the rejected product sorter 14 used in the next process. be.
In addition, the output unit 13b may transmit a signal representing the analysis result to the crushing control device 5.

(S160: Rejected product sorting step)
When shredder waste reaches the reject sorter 14, the controller 14a of the reject sorter 14 controls the splitter 41 shown in FIG. . Specifically, when the result of component analysis (for example, the concentration of impurities) in the component analyzer 13 exceeds a predetermined reference value, the control unit 14a causes the relevant shredder waste 25b to convey rejected products. The position of the turnout 41 is changed so as to face the belt conveyor (rejected product conveying mechanism 116). On the other hand, when the result of component analysis by the component analyzer 13 is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, the control unit 14a causes the corresponding shredder waste 25b to be transported to the belt conveyor (acceptable product transport mechanism 115) that transports acceptable products. Change the position of the branch 41 so as to face As a result, the shredder waste 25b can be sorted into acceptable products and rejected products, and high-quality shredder waste can be cut out. The shredder scraps sorted as acceptable products are shipped as iron scraps (products) that can be reused for iron manufacturing or the like.

(S170: Operation condition change step)
Also, shredder scraps that have been rejected may be put into the crusher 10 again, and the steps from the crushing step (S110) to the rejected product sorting step (S160) may be repeated until they become acceptable products.
Further, when repeating the steps from the crushing step (S110) to the unacceptable product sorting step (S160), as will be described later as a second embodiment, the control target devices (crusher 10, wind sorter 11, magnetic sorter 12 ), an operating condition changing step (S170) for changing at least one operating condition may be performed.
Specifically, the output unit 13b outputs (transmits) a signal representing the analysis result to the crushing control device 5, and the crushing control device 5 controls the devices (crusher 10, wind sorter 11, magnetic sorter 12). It is good also as implementing an operating condition change process (S170) which changes at least one operating condition among them. In addition, since the output unit 13b outputs (displays) the analysis results to a display or the like, the operator can control target devices (the crusher 10, the wind sorter 11, the magnetic force) based on the analysis results output (displayed) to the display or the like. An operating condition changing step (S170) for changing at least one operating condition of the sorter 12) may be performed.

After changing the control conditions of the crusher 10 in the operating condition changing step (S170), the shredder scraps separated from the rejected products are put into the crusher 10 again to finely crush the shredder scraps, and the foreign matter is removed from the shredder scraps. can be separated. Also, by changing the control conditions of the wind sorter 11 and the magnetic sorter 12 in the operating condition change step (S170), it is possible to accurately remove the foreign matter separated from the shredder waste.

By carrying out the operating condition changing step (S170) in this way, it is possible to manufacture acceptable shredder scraps from shredder scraps that have been separated from unacceptable shredder scraps. Production can be increased.

It should be noted that although the case of re-inserting rejected shredder scraps into the same shredding system has been described, this is not the only option. That is, rejected shredder waste may be fed into another shredding system. The other crushing system in this case preferably has a better impurity screening capability than the crushing system 1 described above.

The operation of the crushing system 1 according to the first embodiment has been described above. As described above, since the component analysis step (S130) by the component analyzer 13 is provided before the reusable iron scrap (product) is cut out from the iron scrap raw material 24, the result of the component analysis by the component analyzer 13 is Shredder waste can be mechanically sorted according to A neutron analysis method is used as a component analysis method. When laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and fluorescent X-ray spectroscopy are used, only the components of the surface layer of the shredder waste 25b are measured, but by using the neutron spectroscopy, not only the surface layer but also the internal components can be measured. Therefore, high-quality shredder scraps can be cut out based on an objective index that does not depend on the subjective judgment of the operator, and there is no need to stop the operation of each process for component analysis, which reduces productivity. Nor.

In the conventional crushing system without a component analysis process, productivity had to be sacrificed to some extent in order to ensure quality. However, if the crushing system 1 according to the present embodiment is used, the unacceptable products that are generated when productivity is increased can be dealt with by separating the acceptable products from the acceptable products as described above and re-inserting them into the crusher 10. can take. Therefore, according to the crushing system 1 of this embodiment, it is possible to operate at the optimum balance point between quality and productivity.

<Second embodiment>
Next, a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of the crushing system 1 according to the second embodiment. Hereinafter, the points different from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the same points as the first embodiment will be omitted.

Hereinafter, in the second embodiment, a crushing control method for controlling the devices 10, 11, and 12 other than the reject sorter 14 based on the component analysis result of the component analyzer 13 will be described. That is, in the second embodiment, the reject sorter 14, which is the device to be controlled installed downstream of the component analyzer, and the devices 10, 11, 12, which are the devices to be controlled installed upstream of the component analyzer, are also controlled. In the first embodiment described above, the devices 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are independently controlled by the control units 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a, respectively. In this crushing control method, as shown in FIG. 8, a crushing control device 5 that controls control units 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a operates each device 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 in cooperation.

[3. Crushing Control Method Based on Component Analysis Results]
FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing an example of a crushing control method according to the second embodiment.

First, the crushing control device 5 of the crushing system 1 sets operating conditions before starting the operation of the crushing system 1 (S210). Specifically, the crushing control device 5 controls the operating conditions related to the crusher 10, the wind separator 11, and the magnetic separator 12, which are devices to be controlled installed upstream of the component analyzer, and the transport mechanisms 110 to 116. Set the transport speed, etc. Operating conditions of the crusher 10 include the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism 110, the mesh size of the grating 23, the rotational speed of the cylindrical roller 21, and the like. The operating conditions of the wind separator 11 include the air volume of the gas flow 28 and the like. Operating conditions of the magnetic force sorter 12 include the magnitude of the magnetic force of the magnetic force generator built into the drum 12b, the feed speed of the belt conveyor 26 wound around the drum 12b, the roll diameter of the drum 12b, and the like.

After setting the operating conditions, the crushing control device 5 starts the operation of the crushing system 1 (S220). Specifically, the crushing control device 5 instructs each device 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 to start operation. Based on this instruction, each of the control units 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a starts the operations of steps S110 to S160 in FIG.

After the start of operation, the control unit 13a of the component analyzer 13 performs a component analysis based on the neutron analysis method of the shredder scraps 25b being conveyed on the belt conveyor 35, and outputs a signal representing the analysis result from the output unit 13b to the crushing control device. 5. Then, the crushing control device 5 determines whether or not the result of component analysis by the component analyzer 13 is equal to or less than a predetermined first reference value based on the signal representing the analysis result (S230). Specifically, the crushing control device 5 determines whether or not the concentration of copper (Cu), which is a representative example of impurities, is equal to or less than a predetermined first reference value (for example, 0.2%). The first reference value is set to determine whether or not it is necessary to change the operating conditions of the crushing system 1 . The shredder waste 25b that meets the first standard value is treated as an acceptable product.

If the result of the component analysis by the component analyzer 13 is equal to or less than the predetermined first reference value (S230: YES), the crushing control device 5 does not change the operating conditions (operating conditions) of the crushing system 1, Continue operation based on current settings. Then, the control unit 14a of the rejected product sorting machine 14 sorts the corresponding shredder waste 25b as acceptable products (S260), similarly to the rejected product sorting step (S160) in FIG.

On the other hand, when the result of component analysis by the component analyzer 13 exceeds the predetermined first reference value (S230: NO), the crushing control device 5 changes the operating conditions (operating conditions) of the crushing system 1 (S240 ). Specific examples of the operating conditions to be changed include operating conditions related to the crusher 10, the wind sorter 11, and the magnetic sorter 12, and the transport speeds of the transport mechanisms 110-116. Operating conditions of the crusher 10 include the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism 110, the mesh size of the grating 23, the rotational speed of the cylindrical roller 21, and the like. The operating conditions of the wind separator 11 include the air volume of the gas flow 28 and the like. Operating conditions of the magnetic force sorter 12 include the magnitude of the magnetic force of the magnetic force generator built into the drum 12b, the feed speed of the belt conveyor 26 wound around the drum 12b, the roll diameter of the drum 12b, and the like.

These operating conditions are changed by the crushing control device 5 giving instructions to the control units 10a, 11a, and 12a. However, the operator (person) may manually change the operating conditions. may display information to prompt At this time, the analysis result of the component analyzer 13 output from the output unit 13b is input to the device (controlled device) whose operating conditions are to be changed via the operator (person), and based on this input, the controlled device control units 10a, 11a, and 12a change operating conditions.

Moreover, operating conditions such as the mesh size of the grid 23 of the crusher 10 and the roll diameter of the drum 12b of the magnetic separator 12 may not be changed during the operation of the crushing system 1. In such a case, the operation should be stopped once, and after changing those operating conditions, the operation should be restarted (S220).
Conventionally, consumables such as the hammer 22 of the crusher 10 have been replaced based on TBM (Time Based Maintenance), in which consumables are replaced after a certain period of time has elapsed.
On the other hand, in the present invention, the result of component analysis measured by the component analyzer may be used as an index for replacing consumables such as the hammer 22 of the crusher 10 . As a result, consumables such as the hammer 22 of the crusher 10 can be replaced on the basis of CBM (Condition Based Maintenance), thereby reducing operating costs.

Furthermore, the crushing control device 5 determines whether or not the result of component analysis by the component analyzer 13 is equal to or less than a predetermined second reference value (S250). Specifically, the crushing control device 5 determines whether or not the concentration of copper (Cu), which is a representative example of impurities, is equal to or less than a predetermined second reference value (for example, 0.25%). The second standard value is set to extract the shredder waste 25b that does not satisfy the first standard value but can be regarded as an acceptable product.
The reason for providing the first reference value in addition to the second reference value for determining pass/fail is as follows.
When the first reference value is not set and the impurity concentration measured by the component analyzer 13 is equal to or higher than the second reference value, for example, the operating conditions of the magnetic separator 12 are changed. However, even if the operating conditions of the magnetic sorter 12 are changed when the impurity concentration is equal to or higher than the second reference value, there is no shredder waste between the magnetic sorter 12 and the component analyzer 13 at the time of changing the operating conditions. exists. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the shredder waste present between the magnetic separator 12 and the component analyzer 13 will be rejected when the operating conditions are changed.
On the other hand, if a first reference value that is lower than the second reference value is provided, the concentration of the impurity reaches the second reference value before the stage (for example, the stage when the first reference value is reached). ), it is possible to change the operating conditions, thereby avoiding the occurrence of rejected products as described above.

If the result of the component analysis performed by the component analyzer 13 is equal to or less than the predetermined second reference value (S250: YES), the crushing control device 5 notifies the rejected product sorting machine 14 to that effect, and The control unit 14a of the sorting machine 14 sorts the relevant shredder waste 25b as acceptable products (S260) in the same manner as in the unacceptable product sorting step (S160) in FIG.

On the other hand, when the result of the component analysis in the component analyzer 13 exceeds the predetermined second reference value (S250: NO), the crushing control device 5 notifies the rejected product sorter 14 to that effect, The control unit 14a of the product sorting machine 14 sorts the relevant shredder scraps 25b as rejected products (S270), similarly to the rejected product sorting step (S160) in FIG.

After completing the sorting of the shredder scraps 25b in step S260 or step S270, the crushing control device 5 determines whether or not the operation has ended (S280). The end of the operation is, for example, when the crusher 10, the wind separator 11, and the magnetic separator 12 upstream of the component analyzer 13 are in a stopped state, or when the iron scrap raw material 24 is not introduced into the crusher 10. It can be determined by checking that a predetermined time (more specifically, the time from when the iron scrap raw material 24 is put into the crusher 10 until it reaches the component analyzer 13) has passed since it disappeared. If the operation has ended (S280: YES), the crushing control device 5 ends the processing of FIG. If the operation has not ended (S280: NO), the crushing control device 5 repeats the processing from step S230 (or S220).

The crushing control method based on the result of component analysis by the component analyzer 13 has been described above. As described above, by changing the operating conditions of the crushing system 1 based on the result of the component analysis by the component analyzer 13, the crushing system 1 can be operated at a balance point that optimizes quality and productivity. .
Generally, there is a trade-off relationship between the quality of shredder waste (concentration of impurities) and productivity (production volume per unit time), and it is desirable to set operating conditions at a good balance between the two. However, the conventional method without a component analyzer cannot measure the concentration of impurities in the shredder waste. In order to prevent the production of unacceptable products, it was necessary to allow the standard values for acceptable products regarding the concentration of impurities to be more likely, and to operate with low productivity. On the other hand, according to the method of the present invention, since the operation can be performed while monitoring the concentration of impurities at any time, the likelihood can be reduced, and as a result, compared to the conventional method without a component analyzer, productivity is improved. can be improved.
In addition, it is not limited to the above embodiment, and when the result of the component analysis exceeds the predetermined first reference value (S230: NO), it is always sorted as a rejected product (S270), and the second reference value is reached. The discriminating process (S250) for sorting unacceptable products may be omitted. In addition, if the result of the component analysis exceeds the predetermined first reference value (S230: NO), only the operating conditions are changed (S240), and the unacceptable product sorting (S250, S270) is not performed. You may do so. Looking at FIG. 7, this corresponds to providing only the operating condition changing step (S170) after the component analysis step (S150) and omitting the rejected product sorting step (S160). Conversely, after the component analysis step (S150), only the rejected product separation step (S160) may be provided, and the operating condition change step (S170) may be omitted.

[4. Modification]
In each of the above embodiments, an example in which the component analyzer 13 is installed between the magnetic sorter 12 and the rejected product sorter 14 is described, but the present invention is not limited to such an example, and the operating conditions can be changed. The target device to be controlled may be a device positioned downstream from the component analyzer 13 . For example, the component analyzer 13 may be installed between the wind separator 11 and the magnetic separator 12 separately from the component analyzer 13 . Below, the component analyzer between the wind sorter 11 and the magnetic sorter 12 is called the first component analyzer 13A, and the component analyzer between the magnetic sorter 12 and the reject sorter 14 is the second component. It is called analyzer 13B.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing one configuration example of the crushing system 1 according to this modified example. In this modification, the operating conditions of the shredding system 1 are changed based on the result of the component analysis by the first component analyzer 13A, and the determination of whether the shredder waste 25b is shipped is the result of the component analysis by the second component analyzer 13B. is made on the basis of That is, in the crushing control method of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 9, whether or not the concentration of Cu is 0.2% or less (step S230) is determined by the first component analyzer 13A. Whether or not it is 25% or less (step S250) is determined by the second component analyzer 13B.

Compared to the second embodiment, this modification in which a component analyzer is also installed in the upstream process of the device to be controlled (the magnetic separator in this modification) can change the operating conditions of the crushing system 1 more quickly. effective. That is, in the second embodiment, even if the component analyzer 13 detects that the concentration of impurities is high, the relevant shredder waste 25b has already passed through the magnetic sorter 12 and the like, so that no more impurities are detected in the waste. concentration cannot be reduced. On the other hand, in this modification of FIG. 10, after detecting that the concentration of impurities is high in the first component analyzer 13A, by changing the operating conditions of the magnetic force sorter 12 in the downstream process, the corresponding It becomes possible to lower the concentration of impurities contained in the shredder waste 25 . Of course, it is more effective to change the operating conditions in consideration of the time required for the shredder waste 25 to be transported from the first component analyzer 13A to the magnetic sorter 12 via the transport mechanism 112a such as a belt conveyor.
In this way, by controlling the device to be controlled located downstream of the component analyzer based on the result of the component analyzer, it is possible to operate while greatly suppressing the occurrence of rejected products. That is, reject shredder scraps are less likely to occur, and the productivity of acceptable shredder scraps can be improved.

In the above description, an example in which the first component analyzer 13A arranged in the upstream process is provided between the wind separator 11 and the magnetic separator 12 has been described, but the installation location is not limited to this example. In order to enjoy the effect of being able to change the operating conditions of the crushing system 1 more quickly, it is sufficient to adopt an equipment configuration in which at least one component analyzer is located upstream of the device to be controlled.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that those who have ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can conceive of various modifications or modifications within the scope of the technical ideas described in the present embodiment. It is understood that these also belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

For example, in the description of the modification above, an example in which the first component analyzer 13A and the second component analyzer 13B are arranged in front of the magnetic force sorter 12 or the rejected product sorter 14 was shown, but the present invention is not limited to For example, it can be installed before the crusher 10 . Also, the number of component analyzers 13 is not limited to one or two, and may be three or more. In the above description, the configuration of the crushing system 1 excluding the component analyzer 13 is also explained as an example in which the crusher 10, the wind sorter 11, the magnetic force sorter 12, and the reject sorter 14 are provided one by one. However, it is also possible to add or omit them as appropriate. For example, the crushing system 1 may be configured to have a plurality of crushers 10 , wind force sorters 11 and magnetic force sorters 12 . As for the air force sorter for the purpose of separating non-metallic substances, it is not necessary to use air force for separation, and for example, a specific gravity sorter or a trommel rotary sorter may be used.

Further, in the second embodiment described above, the crushing control device 5 operates the devices 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 in cooperation with each other. They may directly exchange information with each other to enable coordinated operations.

[5. Crushing control device, hardware configuration of each control unit]
FIG. 11 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the crushing control device 5 and the control units 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, and 14a (hereinafter collectively referred to as the control device of the crushing system 1) in each of the above embodiments and modifications. 2 is a block diagram showing .

The control device of the crushing system 1 includes a processor (CPU 901 in FIG. 11), ROM 903, and RAM 905. The crushing system control device also includes a bus 907 , an input I/F 909 , an output I/F 911 , a storage device 913 , a drive 915 , a connection port 917 and a communication device 919 .

The CPU 901 functions as an arithmetic processing device and a control device. The CPU 901 controls all or part of the operations within the control device of the crushing system 1 according to various programs recorded in the ROM 903 , RAM 905 , storage device 913 , or removable recording medium 925 . A ROM 903 stores programs used by the CPU 901, calculation parameters, and the like. The RAM 905 temporarily stores programs used by the CPU 901, parameters that change as appropriate during execution of the programs, and the like. These are interconnected by a bus 907 comprising an internal bus such as a CPU bus.

A bus 907 is connected to an external bus such as a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect/Interface) bus via a bridge.

The input I/F 909 is an interface that receives input from the input device 921, which is operating means operated by the operator, such as a mouse, keyboard, touch panel, button, switch, and lever. The input I/F 909 is configured as, for example, an input control circuit that generates an input signal based on information input by the user using the input device 921 and outputs the signal to the CPU 901 . The input device 921 may be, for example, a remote control device using infrared rays or other radio waves, or an external device 927 such as a PDA corresponding to the operation of the control device of the crushing system 1 . An operator of the control device of the crushing system 1 can operate the input device 921 to input various data to the control device of the crushing system 1 and instruct processing operations.

The output I/F 911 is an interface that outputs input information to an output device 923 that can notify the user visually or audibly. The output device 923 may be, for example, a display device such as a CRT display device, a liquid crystal display device, a plasma display device, an EL display device and a lamp. Alternatively, the output device 923 may be an audio output device such as speakers and headphones, a printer, a mobile communication terminal, a facsimile machine, or the like. The output I/F 911 instructs the output device 923 to output, for example, processing results obtained in various processing executed by the control device of the crushing system 1 . Specifically, the output I/F 911 instructs the display device to display the result of processing by the control device of the crushing system 1 in text or image. In addition, the output I/F 911 instructs the audio output device to convert an audio signal such as audio data for which a reproduction instruction has been received into an analog signal and output the analog signal.

The storage device 913 is one of the storage units of the control device of the crushing system 1, and is a device for storing data. The storage device 913 is composed of, for example, a magnetic storage device such as a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a semiconductor storage device, an optical storage device, a magneto-optical storage device, or the like. The storage device 913 stores programs executed by the CPU 901, various data generated by executing the programs, various data obtained from the outside, and the like.

The drive 915 is a reader/writer for recording media, and is built in or externally attached to the control device of the crushing system 1 . The drive 915 reads information recorded on the attached removable recording medium 925 and outputs it to the RAM 905 . The drive 915 can also write information to the attached removable recording medium 925 . The removable recording medium 925 is, for example, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory. Specifically, the removable recording medium 925 includes CD media, DVD media, Blu-ray (registered trademark) media, CompactFlash (registered trademark) (CompactFlash: CF), flash memory, and SD memory cards (Secure Digital memory cards). etc. Also, the removable recording medium 925 may be, for example, an IC card (Integrated Circuit card) equipped with a contactless IC chip, an electronic device, or the like.

The connection port 917 is a port for directly connecting the device to the control device of the crushing system 1. The connection port 917 is, for example, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) port, IEEE1394 port, SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) port, RS-232C port, or the like. The control device of the crushing system 1 can directly acquire various data from the external device 927 connected to the connection port 917 and provide various data to the external device 927 .

The communication device 919 is, for example, a communication interface configured with a communication device or the like for connecting to the communication network 929 . The communication device 919 is, for example, a communication card for wired or wireless LAN (Local Area Network), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or WUSB (Wireless USB). Also, the communication device 919 may be a router for optical communication, a router for ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), a modem for various types of communication, or the like. The communication device 919 can transmit and receive signals and the like to and from the Internet and other communication devices, for example, according to a predetermined protocol such as TCP/IP. A communication network 929 connected to the communication device 919 is configured by a wired or wireless network or the like. For example, the communication network 929 is the Internet, home LAN, infrared communication, radio wave communication, satellite communication, or the like.

An example of the hardware configuration of the control device of the crushing system 1 has been shown above. Each component described above may be configured using general-purpose members, or may be configured by hardware specialized for the function of each component. The hardware configuration of the control device of the crushing system 1 can be changed as appropriate according to the technical level at which this embodiment is implemented.

1 crushing system 5 crushing control device 10 crusher 10a, 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a control unit 11 wind force sorter 12 magnetic force sorter 12b drum 13 component analyzer 13A first component analyzer 13B second component analyzer 13b output unit REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 14 Rejected product sorter 21 Cylindrical roller 22 Hammer 23 Grate 23a Opening 24 Iron scrap raw material 25 Shredder scrap 25a Non-magnetic shredder scrap 25b Magnetic shredder scrap 26, 26a, 26b Belt conveyor 27 Entrance side of wind sorter 28 Gas flow 29 cylinder 29a air outlet 29b upper delivery side 29c lower delivery side 31 neutron source 32 gamma ray detector 33 neutron beam 34 shield 41 branching device 110, 111, 112, 112a, 113, 114 transport mechanism 115 acceptable product transport mechanism 116 Rejected Product Transport Mechanism 201 Transport Direction 900 Information Processing Device 901 CPU
903 ROMs
905 RAM
907 Bus 909 Input I/F
911 output I/F
913 storage device 915 drive 917 connection port 919 communication device 921 input device 923 output device 925 removable recording medium 927 external device 929 communication network

Claims (10)

1. at least one crusher for crushing scrap iron raw materials;
   at least one component analyzer for analyzing components of shredder waste generated by crushing by the crusher;
   an output unit that outputs analysis results of the component analyzer;
   with
   The fragmentation system, wherein the component analyzer is a neutron spectroscopy-based analyzer.
2. The shredding system according to claim 1, further comprising a magnetic separator that separates the shredder scrap into ferrous substances and non-ferrous substances, and wherein the component analyzer analyzes the ferrous substances based on the neutron analysis method.
3. The shredding system according to claim 2, comprising a wind sorter that removes impurities from the shredder waste by wind power.
4. further comprising a reject sorter that sorts the shredder waste into acceptable products and reject products based on the analysis results of the component analyzer;
   The crushing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one said component analyzer is installed upstream of said reject sorter.
5. At least one of the devices constituting the crushing system other than the component analyzer is a device to be controlled;
   The crushing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the output section outputs analysis results of the component analyzer to the device to be controlled.
6. At least one of the devices constituting the crushing system other than the component analyzer is a device to be controlled;
   The crushing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the analysis result of said component analyzer output from said output unit is input to said device to be controlled via a person.
7. The crushing system according to claim 5, wherein the device to be controlled is a device located downstream from the component analyzer.
8. A shredder scrap manufacturing method for manufacturing shredder scrap from iron scrap raw materials,
   a crushing step of crushing the iron scrap raw material using at least one crusher;
   a component analysis step of using at least one component analyzer to analyze the components of the shredder waste generated by crushing in the crushing step;
   an output step of outputting the analysis result of the component analyzer;
   including
   The method for producing shredder waste, wherein the component analyzer is an analyzer based on neutron analysis.
9. The shredder waste manufacturing method according to claim 8, further comprising an operating condition changing step of changing the operating conditions of the crushing system that manufactures the shredder waste based on the analysis result of the component analyzer.
10. The shredder waste manufacturing method according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising a rejected product sorting step of sorting the shredder waste into acceptable products and rejected products based on the analysis results of the component analyzer.

Images