JP2005199132A - Inflammable garbage sorting system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize reduction of a running cost and enhancement of sorting efficiency and incineration efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: An amount of inflammable garbage to a crushing device 3 is reduced as compared with conventional one and power of the crushing device 3 is reduced by bag-crushing the bagged inflammable garbage by a bag-crushing device 1, sorting it in rough particle size by a first sorting device 2 and eliminating an impurity. Further, the inflammable garbage sorted in rough particle size by a first sorting device 2 is fed to the crushing device 3, thereby, crushing particle size of the crushing device is made smaller than the conventional one. A second sorting device 4 for further eliminating the impurity at a latter stage of the crushing device 3 can sort it in fine particle size, thereby, sorting particle size is made smaller than the conventional one. The impurity requiring no crushing is eliminated by the first sorting device 2 and is not crushed by the crushing device 3, thereby, purity of the garbage is enhanced. Further, the impurity such as papers in the inflammable garbage by rough particle size sorting by the first sorting device 2 is eliminated at a former stage fed to the crushing device 3, thereby a transferring water amount from the garbage to the papers is made less and quantity of heat when the impurity including the papers is incineration-treated is reduced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a combustible waste sorting system for sorting garbage from bagged combustible waste.

Conventionally, as a system that sorts garbage from combustible waste that has been separated into collection bags and packed and collected, combustible waste is crushed together with the collection bag by a crushing device, and combustible waste crushed by this crushing device is crushed by a particle size sorting device. A system is known that removes large contaminants by particle size sorting, and weight-sorts the combustible waste sorted by this particle size sorting device by a wind sorting device to further remove lightweight impurities and obtain garbage (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-275686 A

  However, in the above sorting system, there is a problem that a large crushing device is required for pulverizing the entire amount of combustible waste, and the driving power is large and the running cost is high.

  In addition, since large impurities that can be sorted and removed by the particle size sorting device at the subsequent stage of the crushing device and do not need to be crushed are crushed and reduced by the crushing device, the reduced impurities are reduced by the particle size sorting device. There is a problem that the garbage is mixed in the garbage during sorting, the purity of the garbage is lowered, and the sorting efficiency is lowered.

  Further, in the above sorting system, the moisture of the garbage is transferred to the paper in the combustible waste by crushing by the crushing device, and impurities including the water-containing paper are separated from the garbage by the sorting by the sorting device. Although it is removed, there is a problem that when the foreign matter including the paper is subjected to the incineration process, the amount of heat required to dissipate the moisture is required and the incineration efficiency is lowered.

  The present invention was made to solve such a problem, the driving power is reduced and the running cost is reduced, the purity of the garbage is increased, the sorting efficiency is improved, and An object of the present invention is to provide a combustible waste sorting system capable of improving the incineration efficiency when the sorted and removed impurities are incinerated.

  A combustible waste sorting system according to the present invention is a combustible waste sorting system for sorting raw garbage from bagged combustible waste, a bag breaking device for breaking bagged combustible waste, and the bag breaking device. A first particle size sorting device that coarsely sorts combustible waste broken in step 1 to remove impurities, a crusher that crushes combustible waste coarsely sorted by the first particle size sorting device, and this crushing device And a second particle size sorting device for further removing impurities by finely sorting the combustible waste crushed in (1).

  According to such a combustible waste sorting system, the combustible waste packed in a bag is broken by a bag breaking device and coarsely sorted by a first particle size sorting device to remove impurities. The amount of combustible waste provided is reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the power of the crushing device is reduced. In addition, since the combustible waste that has been coarsely classified by the first particle size sorter is supplied to the crushing device in this way, the crushing particle size of the crushing device is made smaller than the conventional one. The second particle size sorting device that further removes impurities in the latter stage is made fine particle size sortable, the sorted particle size is smaller than the conventional particle size sorter, and the impurities that do not need to be crushed are Since it is removed by the first particle size sorting device and not crushed by the crushing device, the purity of the garbage is increased. In addition, the coarse particle size sorting performed by the first particle size sorting device removes foreign matters such as paper in combustible waste before the crushing device is used. The amount of moisture is reduced, and the amount of heat in the case of incineration of impurities including the paper is reduced.

  Here, various types of bag-breaking devices can be adopted, but since everything is mixed in the combustible waste packed in the bag, the size of the collection bag and the hardness of the contents are different, so it is cut with a knife. It is preferable to use a rotary shearing type bag breaking device that tears the collection bag by using a shearing force of a pair of rotating shear blades that rotate relative to each other with a predetermined gap, rather than a device that performs thermal fusing.

  In addition, when the first particle size sorting device has a sorting particle size of 150 mm to 300 mm, large papers, collection bags, fibers, large pruned branches, etc. from combustible waste broken by the bag breaking device This effectively removes impurities.

  As the first particle size sorting device, various devices can be adopted. However, when the rotary particle size sorting device is used, the fibers contained in the unburned combustible waste are entangled in the sieve holes for sorting. It is preferable to use a roller-type particle size sorter because troubles such as stopping may be caused. According to this roller-type particle size sorting apparatus, a plurality of rotating rollers with fins are provided side by side, and the fins intersect with each other to have a screen function. Therefore, combustible waste is a rotating roller. When passing through, combustible waste including garbage falls downward, while impurities are discharged and removed from the roller at the end, and troubles due to entanglement of fibers and the like are prevented.

  Here, when a roller-type particle size sorting device is used as the first particle size sorting device, troubles due to entanglement are prevented as described above, but the contents of the contents are collected on the collection bag broken by the bag breaking device. If it is supplied to the roller-type particle size sorter with combustible waste on it, the collection bag under the combustible waste will get in the way and the sorting accuracy of the roller-type particle size sorter will be reduced. In order to reverse the collected collection bag and the combustible waste contained therein, it is preferable to provide a reversing device for reversing the broken combustible waste before introducing it into the roller type particle size sorting device.

  Various devices can be used as the reversing device, but when a roller type particle size sorting device is installed below the bag breaking device in order to make the system compact, the broken combustible waste is stirred and reversed. Thus, it is preferable to employ a configuration in which air is blown into the bag breaking device.

  In addition, when a third particle size sorting device is provided for further separating the particles removed by the first particle size sorting device and supplying the combustible waste contained in the dust to the crushing device, The recovery rate is further increased.

  Various crushing devices may be employed. As described above, since the crushing particle size can be reduced, a plurality of ring-shaped rotating grinders are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction and combustible by the rotating ring grinder. It is preferable to use a vertical ring grinder type crushing apparatus that grinds and debris.

  In addition, when the second particle size sorting apparatus has a sorting particle size of 40 mm or less, foreign substances are more effectively removed to obtain garbage.

  In addition, if a wind power sorting device that further removes foreign matters by wind sorting and obtains garbage is provided after the second particle size sorting device, the lightweight impurities can be further removed and garbage can be obtained more effectively. It is done.

  As described above, according to the combustible waste sorting system of the present invention, it is possible to reduce running costs by reducing driving power and improve sorting efficiency by increasing the purity of garbage, and to incinerate the sorted and removed impurities. Incineration efficiency can be improved.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the combustible waste sorting system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a biogas generation system equipped with a combustible waste sorting system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 show a bag breaking device in FIG. It is each concrete block diagram of an apparatus and a crushing apparatus.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the biogas generation system includes a combustible waste sorting system 10 and a methane fermentation treatment system 11 in this order, and the preceding stage combustible waste sorting system 10 removes garbage from bagged combustible waste. After sorting, biogas is generated from the garbage by the methane fermentation treatment system 11 at the subsequent stage.

  The combustible waste sorting system 10 includes a bag breaking device 1 and a first particle size sorting device 2 in this order in the front stage of the crushing device 3, and a second particle size sorting device 4 and a wind power sorting device in the subsequent stage of the crushing device 3. 5 in this order, and the methane fermentation treatment system 11 includes a mixing tank 6, a methane fermentation tank 7, and a dehydrator 8 in this order.

  The bag-breaking device 1 constituting the combustible waste sorting system 10 breaks the combustible waste that is separated into collection bags and packed and collected. Here, all kinds of combustible waste packed in a bag are mixed, and the size of the collection bag and the hardness of the contents are also different. Therefore, in this embodiment, the bag is broken by cutting the collection bag with a knife or thermally fusing it. Instead of a device, a rotary shearing type bag breaking device that tears the collection bag is used.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the rotary shear type bag breaking apparatus 1 includes a pair of rotary shear blades 1a and 1a having a predetermined gap and different peripheral speeds. They are torn using the shearing force of the rotating shear blades 1a, 1a that rotate relative to each other and the speed difference between them.

  The first particle size sorting device 2 subsequent to the bag breaking device 1 is a device for coarsely sorting the combustible waste broken by the bag breaking device 1 to remove impurities. The first particle size sorting device 2 has a coarse sorting particle size of 150 mm to 300 mm. From the combustible waste broken by the bag breaking device 1, large papers, collection bags, fibers, large pruned branches, etc. Effectively remove impurities.

  Here, when the first particle size sorting device 2 is a rotary particle size sorting device (described in detail in the second particle size sorting device 4), the fibers contained in the unburned combustible waste are sorted. Since there is a possibility of causing trouble such as operation stop due to entanglement in the hole, in this embodiment, a roller-type particle size selection device that does not cause entanglement of fibers or the like is used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, this roller-type particle size sorting apparatus 2 includes a plurality of rotating rollers 2a with fins 2b arranged side by side, and has a screen function by fins 2b intersecting each roller 2a. When the combustible waste passes between the rotating rollers 2a and 2a, the combustible waste (small particle size) including raw waste is dropped downward, while the foreign matter (large particle size) is dropped from the end roller 2a. Drain and remove. This roller type particle size sorting device 2 is installed below the bag breaking device 1 in order to make the system compact.

  The crushing device 3 at the latter stage of the first particle size sorting device 2 crushes combustible waste that has been subjected to coarse particle size sorting by the first particle size sorting device 2. A ring grinder type crusher is used.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the vertical ring grinder type crushing device 3 includes a plurality of ring-shaped rotating grinders 3a arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and rotates together with the ring grinder 3a so that the ring grinder 3a, The breaker 3b and the sweeper 3c are arranged so as to sandwich the 3a from above and below. Combustible waste introduced from the inlet 3d is first impact crushed by the breaker 3b, ground and crushed by the ring grinder 3a, and then swept by the sweeper 3c. Centrifugal discharge is performed through the discharge port 3e.

  The second particle size sorting device 4 subsequent to the crushing device 3 is for finely sorting the combustible waste crushed by the crushing device 3 and further removing impurities. The second particle size sorting device 4 has a finer sorting particle size of 40 mm or less, and more effectively removes foreign matter from the combustible waste crushed by the crushing device 3 to obtain garbage.

  Here, in this embodiment, a rotary particle size sorting apparatus is used. This rotary particle size sorter 4 is a so-called trommel, which is a rotary sieve having a large number of sieve holes on the peripheral wall of a cylindrical rotating body, and mainly consists of garbage that passes through the sieve holes by rotation. Sorted into combustible waste (small particle size) and impurities (large particle size).

  As the second particle size sorting device 4, another particle size sorting device can be used. For example, the roller type particle size sorting device or the like may be used.

  The wind-power sorting device 5 at the latter stage of the second particle size sorting device 4 wind-sorts combustible waste mainly composed of the fine-grain sorted by the second particle size sort device 4 and further removes foreign matter to remove garbage. Is what you get. Specifically, light dust such as small papers and pieces of plastic bags is separated from garbage (heavy material) and removed by wind power. As this wind power sorter 5, things, such as a saddle type and a horizontal type, are adopted, for example.

  The combustible waste sorting system 10 including these devices 1 to 5 is further incinerated to incinerate impurities removed by the first particle size sorting device 2, the second particle size sorting device 4 and the wind power sorting device 5. It is configured to be used for processing equipment.

  Moreover, the mixing tank 6 which comprises the methane fermentation processing system 11 of the back | latter stage of the combustible waste sorting system 10 mixes the raw garbage from the wind-powered sorting apparatus 5 with water and water vapor | steam, acid-ferments raw garbage, and it tempers it predetermined. In addition, heavy foreign matter is precipitated and removed.

  The methane fermentation tank 7 stirs the mixture from the mixing tank 6 from which heavy foreign substances have been removed and performs methane fermentation treatment. The resulting biogas (mixed gas of methane gas and carbon dioxide) is used as fuel for a natural gas vehicle, for example. Therefore, it is configured to be used for gas utilization facilities.

  The dewatering device 8 is constituted by, for example, a screw press and dehydrates surplus digested sludge extracted from the methane fermentation tank 7, and the dehydrated digested sludge is mixed with the foreign substances removed by the combustible waste sorting system 10. The waste water generated by the dehydrator 8 is supplied to the waste water treatment facility while being used for the incineration treatment facility.

  According to the system configured as described above, combustible waste packed in a bag is broken by the bag breaking device 1, and the combustible waste from the bag breaking device 1 is subjected to coarse particle size sorting by the first particle size sorting device 2. After the contaminants are removed, they are crushed by the crushing device 3 and finely classified by the second particle size sorting device 4 to further remove the impurities, and further removed by the wind power sorting device 5 to produce garbage. can get. This garbage is introduced into the methane fermentation tank 7 through the mixing tank 6 and subjected to methane fermentation treatment to produce biogas, while being removed by the first and second particle size sorting devices 2 and 4 and the wind sorting device 5. The contaminated material is supplied to an incineration processing facility together with dehydrated digested sludge from the methane fermentation tank 7 and incinerated.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the combustible waste packed in the bag is broken by the bag breaking device 1 and coarsely sorted by the first particle size sorting device 2 to remove impurities. The amount of combustible waste provided is reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the power of the crushing device 3 is reduced. For this reason, running cost is reduced.

  In addition, since the combustible waste that has been coarsely classified by the first particle size sorting device 2 is supplied to the crushing device 3, the crushing particle size of the crushing device 3 is made smaller than before, and as a result, the crushing device 3 The second particle size sorting device 4 that further removes impurities in the subsequent stage is made fine particle size sortable, the sorted particle size is smaller than that of the conventional particle size sorter, and it is not necessary to crush Since a thing is removed with the 1st particle size sorter 2 and is not crushed with crushing device 3, the purity of garbage is raised. For this reason, the sorting efficiency is improved.

  Furthermore, since the coarse particle size sorting by the first particle size sorting device 2 removes foreign matters such as paper in the combustible waste before the crushing device 3 is provided, the garbage is separated from the paper. The amount of moisture transferred from the water is reduced, and the amount of heat at the time of incineration of the impurities including the paper is reduced. For this reason, the incineration efficiency of the incineration processing facility is improved.

  Here, in order to confirm the above-mentioned effects, the inventors of the present invention have a biogas generation system (hereinafter referred to as the former) provided with the above-described combustible waste sorting system 10, and a bag breaking device 1 and a first particle size before the crushing device. Biogas which does not have the sorting device 2 and is equipped with a crushing device, a particle size sorting device, a wind power sorting device, a mixing tank, a methane fermentation tank, and a dehydrating device in this order, which separates the combustible waste that has been separated and collected into collection bags From the results of each experiment using a production system (hereinafter referred to as the latter), assuming that 410 tons of combustible city waste per day is treated, the latter requires three 130KW power crushing devices. What was there was only two units in the former. The power of the bag breaking device (rotating shear type bag breaking device) 1 and the first particle size sorting device (roller type particle size sorting device) 2 required in the former is 3.7 KW and 7.5 KW respectively. It was 11.2 KW, and it was confirmed that the driving power was greatly reduced and the running cost was greatly reduced.

  When 410 tons of combustible municipal waste is treated, the amount of foreign materials and digested sludge (after dehydration) provided to the incineration facility is 277 tons in the former and 285 tons in the latter, and the difference is 8 tons. It is confirmed that the sorting efficiency is improved and the moisture content of the foreign substances and digested sludge (after dehydration) used in the incineration treatment facility is 129 tons, In the latter, it is 139 tons, and 10 tons will be reduced, and it was confirmed that the incineration efficiency in an incineration processing facility is improved.

  By the way, when a roller-type particle size sorter is used as the first particle size sorter 2 as in the first embodiment, as described above, the problem of entanglement due to fibers and the like contained in non-crushed combustible waste If the roller combustible waste is supplied to the roller-type particle size sorting device 2 in a state where the combustible waste is placed on the collection bag that has been broken by the bag breaking device 1, the bag breaking under the combustible waste is prevented. The collected collection bag becomes an obstacle, and the sorting accuracy in the roller-type particle size sorter 2 is lowered. Therefore, in the next second embodiment, a reduction in sorting accuracy in the roller type particle size sorting device 2 is prevented.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a biogas generation system provided with a combustible waste sorting system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The combustible waste sorting system 20 of the second embodiment is different from the combustible waste sorting system 10 of the first embodiment in that the combustible waste that has broken the bag is reversed before being introduced into the roller type particle size sorting device 2. The point is that the apparatus 9 is provided.

  The reversing device 9 is configured to blow air into the lower part of the bag breaking device 1 and to reverse the burned combustible waste by stirring. Accordingly, the broken collection bag and the combustible waste inside thereof are reversed by the reversing device 9 before being introduced into the roller type particle size sorting device 2, and the roller type particle size sorting device 2 is broken into bags. The collection bag is turned up and removed without interfering with the sorting of combustible waste, and the reduction of sorting accuracy is prevented.

  In order to make the system compact, the roller type particle size sorting device 2 is installed below the bag breaking device 1, so that the reversing device 9 agitates the broken combustible waste and reverses it. Although the structure which blows air in 1 is employ | adopted, for example, the bag breaking apparatus 1 and the roller-type particle size sorter 2 are contacted by conveying apparatuses, such as a conveyor, and the bag breaking apparatus 1 breaks by the said conveying apparatus. When the combustible waste packed in the bag is supplied to the roller-type particle size sorting device 2, an air or mechanical reversing device is provided in the transfer device, for example, to invert the broken combustible waste. In addition, other inverting devices can be used.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a biogas generation system including a combustible waste sorting system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The combustible waste sorting system 30 of the third embodiment is different from the combustible waste sorting system 20 of the second embodiment in that the impurities removed by the first particle size sorting device 2 are further subjected to particle size sorting, It is the point provided with the 3rd particle size sorter 13 which supplies the combustible waste (small particle size) mixed and contained to crushing device 3, and supplies the remaining impurities (large particle size) to incineration processing equipment. .

  According to the combustible waste sorting system 30 having such a configuration, in addition to the effects of the second embodiment, the combustible waste contained in the contaminants removed by the first particle size sorter 2 is the third Therefore, the garbage collection rate is further increased.

  Note that any particle size sorting device may be used as the third particle size sorting device 13, and the roller type particle size sorting device or the rotary type particle size sorting device may be used.

  The present invention has been specifically described above based on the embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, the embodiment is particularly suitable for obtaining the effect of the system. As an effect, the bag breaking device 1 is a rotary shear type bag breaking device, the first particle size sorting device 2 is a roller type particle size sorting device, and the crushing device 3 is a vertical ring grinder type crushing device. Examples of the bag breaking device include a compression type pressure blade type, a compression type upright blade type, a rotary drum type, a rotary type rotary blade type, and a thermal fusing type. As a crushing device, for example, a horizontal swing hammer type, a horizontal ring hammer type, a vertical swing hammer type, or the like may be employed.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the application with respect to the biogas production | generation system which carries out methane fermentation of garbage is described, it is applicable also to the composting system etc. which manufacture a compost from garbage.

It is a block block diagram which shows the biogas production | generation system provided with the combustible waste selection system which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the rotational shear type bag breaking apparatus employ | adopted as a bag breaking apparatus in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the roller-type particle size selection apparatus employ | adopted as a 1st particle size selection apparatus in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the vertical ring grinder type crushing apparatus employ | adopted as a crushing apparatus in FIG. It is a block block diagram which shows the biogas production | generation system provided with the combustible waste selection system which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the biogas production | generation system provided with the combustible waste selection system which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Bag-breaking device, 2 ... First particle size sorting device, 3 ... Crushing device, 4 ... Second particle size sorting device, 5 ... Wind power sorting device, 9 ... Inversion device, 10, 20, 30 ... Combustible waste sorting system , 13 ... Third particle size sorting device.

Claims (10)

A combustible waste sorting system for sorting garbage from bagged combustible waste,
A bag breaking device for breaking bagged combustible waste,
A first particle size sorting device that coarsely sorts combustible waste broken by the bag breaking device and removes impurities;
A crushing device for crushing combustible waste coarsely classified by the first particle size sorting device;
A combustible waste sorting system comprising: a second particle size sorting device for finely sorting the combustible waste crushed by the crushing device and further removing impurities.   The combustible waste sorting system according to claim 1, wherein the bag breaking device is a rotary shearing type bag breaking device.   The combustible waste sorting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first grain size sorting device has a sorting grain size of 150 mm to 300 mm.   The combustible waste sorting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first particle size sorting device is a roller-type particle size sorting device.   5. The combustible waste sorting system according to claim 4, further comprising a reversing device that reverses the burned combustible waste before introducing it into the roller-type particle size sorting device.   6. The combustible waste sorting system according to claim 5, wherein the reversing device blows air into the bag breaking device so that the burnable combustible waste is stirred and reversed.   The apparatus further comprises a third particle size sorting device for further sorting the particles removed by the first particle size sorting device and supplying the combustible waste contained in the dust to the crushing device. The combustible waste sorting system as described in any one of 1-6.   The combustible waste sorting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the crushing device is a vertical ring grinder type crushing device.   The combustible waste sorting system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second grain size sorting device has a sorting grain size of 40 mm or less.   The combustible waste sorting according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a wind sorting device that further removes foreign matters by wind sorting to obtain garbage after the second particle size sorting device. system.

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