WO2022252492A1 - Mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device - Google Patents

Mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022252492A1
WO2022252492A1 PCT/CN2021/128176 CN2021128176W WO2022252492A1 WO 2022252492 A1 WO2022252492 A1 WO 2022252492A1 CN 2021128176 W CN2021128176 W CN 2021128176W WO 2022252492 A1 WO2022252492 A1 WO 2022252492A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flue gas
boiler
outlet
biomass
straw
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/128176
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
严圣军
李少杰
李阳
何志刚
张舒原
张澍
李鹏
钱华
李军
陈竹
Original Assignee
中国天楹股份有限公司
江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2022252492A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252492A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a straw utilization device, in particular to a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device, which belongs to the technical field of straw treatment.
  • the main characteristics of the straw comprehensive utilization industry are closely related to the generation, collection, storage and transportation of straw. Straw has the characteristics of wide distribution, strong seasonality of harvest, time-consuming and labor-intensive collection, large storage area, flammability, and mildew.
  • the main utilization technologies of straw include feed, energy, fertilizer and so on. Feed is mainly used as animal feed after simple granulation treatment, and the processing capacity is generally small and limited; energy is mainly large-scale straw incineration power plants, but due to the problem of straw collection, storage and transportation, most of them are in a state of loss; Fertilization is a common method to deal with straw at present. Fertilization of straw has a great impact on the agricultural planting cycle and the survival rate of seedlings. Therefore, the current straw processing methods either cannot make full use of straw and turn waste into treasure; utilization bottleneck.
  • the device includes: a movable header, a biomass burning furnace, a hot gas generator, a heating system and an exhaust gas treatment system, and the biomass burning furnace, a hot gas generator, a heating system and an exhaust gas Processing system, the smoke outlet of the biomass combustion furnace is connected with the air inlet of the hot gas generator through the pipeline, the gas outlet of the hot gas generator is connected with the air inlet of the heating system through the pipeline, and the air supply The gas outlet of the thermal system is connected with the exhaust gas treatment system through pipes.
  • the movable header is a cuboid structure, and the 6 faces of the movable header are fixedly connected by bolts.
  • the movable header There are 2x4 lifting lugs arranged symmetrically on the top.
  • This patent has the following defects: 1) The flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere after the initial dust removal by the cyclone separator, and the flue gas emission cannot meet the standard, polluting the environment; 2) The boiler feed must first be granulated with straw, and the straw particles enter the fuel bin of this patent , so the device cannot directly enter the field and work independently; 3) the device lacks a starting device and can only be installed in a fixed place, and can be started after being connected to an external power supply, and cannot enter the field for mobile work.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device, which can directly pick up straw in the field, incinerate and return the ash to the field, and burn to generate heat energy for straw drying and steam power generation, so as to realize energy Recycling self-circulation function system, so as to realize the maximum utilization of straw resources.
  • a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device characterized in that it includes an agricultural machinery traction head, a carrying platform, a straw cleaning machine, a feed pretreatment system, a biomass boiler, a flue gas purification system and an electric power system, and one end of the carrying platform It is connected with the traction head of the agricultural machinery, the straw packing machine, the feed pretreatment system, the biomass boiler, the flue gas purification system and the power system are respectively set on the carrying platform, and the outlet of the straw packing machine is connected with the feed inlet of the feed pretreatment system, The outlet of the feed pretreatment system is connected to the feed port of the biomass boiler, the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the flue gas purification system, the steam outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the power system, and the biomass boiler The flue gas outlet is also connected to the drying device of the feed pretreatment system.
  • the straw clearing machine is arranged between the traction head of the agricultural machine and one end of the carrying platform, and a plowing device is also provided on the lower side of the other end of the carrying platform.
  • the feed pretreatment system includes a dryer and a molding granulator, the dryer is arranged above the molding granulator, and the outlet of the straw packing machine is connected to the feed inlet at the upper end of the dryer through a pipeline.
  • the discharge port on the lower side of the dryer is connected to the feed port on the upper end of the forming granulator, and the discharge port of the forming granulator is connected to the feeder of the biomass boiler.
  • the pipe of the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler is bifurcated into two flue gas pipes, one of which is connected to the heat source gas inlet of the dryer, and the other flue gas pipe is connected to the flue gas purification system air inlet connection.
  • the flue gas purification system includes a cyclone separator, a bag filter, an induced draft fan and a chimney, the feed inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the gas outlet of the dryer through a pipeline, and the solid outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separator is It is connected with the feed port at the upper end of the forming granulator, the gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter through a pipe, the air outlet of the bag filter is connected to one end of the induced draft fan through a pipe, and the other end of the induced fan is connected to the chimney.
  • the other of the two flue gas pipes of the biomass boiler is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter.
  • the power system includes a steam generator set, an air cooler, a condensate tank and a battery pack.
  • the steam outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the steam generator set, and the steam outlet of the steam generator set is connected to one end of the air cooler.
  • the other end of the device is connected to the water inlet of the condensate tank, and the water outlet of the condensate tank is connected to the water-cooled chamber of the biomass boiler through a pipe.
  • the biomass boiler includes a boiler body, a smoke exhaust pipe, an upper side flue gas chamber, a fire tube, a lower side furnace, a feed pipe, a fire grate and an ash chamber, and the smoke exhaust pipe is vertically arranged on the boiler furnace.
  • the inner side of the body and the upper end of the exhaust pipe pass through the upper side of the boiler body to be fixed with the boiler body.
  • the upper side of the upper flue gas chamber is an upwardly convex arc surface and the upper end of the upper flue gas chamber is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe.
  • the first fire tube is arranged vertically and the upper end of the fire tube is fixed to the lower end of the upper flue gas chamber, the lower end of the fire tube is fixed to the upper end of the lower furnace, the fire grate is fixed to the lower side of the lower furnace, the ash chamber is located under the fire grate, and the feed
  • the pipe is obliquely fixed on the side wall of the boiler body on the side of the lower furnace.
  • the furnace wall and furnace roof of the boiler body are provided with a thermal insulation layer, the outer wall of the exhaust pipe, the outer wall of the upper flue gas chamber, the outer wall of the fire tube, the outer wall of the lower furnace, the ash
  • the upper side wall of the chamber and the inner wall of the boiler furnace form a closed water-cooled cavity.
  • the side of the boiler furnace body is provided with a water inlet and a sewage outlet connected to the water-cooled cavity, and the upper side of the boiler furnace body is provided with a steam outlet connected to the water-cooled cavity. .
  • a liquid level gauge is provided outside the boiler body, and the two ends of the liquid level gauge are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the water cooling chamber, and a slag discharge door is provided on the front side of the boiler body at the front side of the ash chamber.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the present invention effectively solves the problem of straw collection, storage and transportation.
  • the comprehensive utilization device of the present invention directly enters the field operation, omitting the intermediate links of collecting, transporting and storing straw, and greatly reducing the cost of straw treatment;
  • the bottom ash from straw incineration in the present invention is directly returned to the field, and the plowing device is used to bury the bottom ash, which not only effectively uses the bottom ash as organic fertilizer to return to the field, but also solves the problem of the bottom ash being blown away by the wind and polluting the environment;
  • the biomass produced by straw burning in the present invention can be used to generate electricity and dry straw to maximize the utilization of straw resources.
  • the power system is equipped with battery packs, which can store excess electric energy for the start-up or emergency use of the device without external connection Power supply to realize autonomous operation in any area of the field;
  • the present invention adopts advanced flue gas purification treatment technology, and the flue gas after the flue gas purification treatment reaches the standard, and some indicators are better than the standard emission, which reduces the pollution of the atmosphere by straw burning.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a connection principle diagram of a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the biomass boiler of the present invention.
  • a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device of the present invention includes an agricultural machinery traction head 1, a carrying platform 2, a straw cleaning machine 3, a feed pretreatment system, and a biomass boiler 4 , flue gas purification system and power system, one end of the carrying platform 2 is connected to the traction head 1 of the agricultural machinery, the straw picking machine 3, the feed pretreatment system, the biomass boiler 4, the flue gas purification system and the power system are respectively set on the carrying platform 2 , the outlet of the straw packing machine 3 is connected to the inlet of the feed pretreatment system, the outlet of the feed pretreatment system is connected to the inlet of the biomass boiler 4, and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the flue gas purification System connection, the steam outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the steam inlet of the power system, and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is also connected to the drying device of the feed pretreatment system.
  • the carrying platform 2 walks in the field under the traction of the traction head 1 of the agricultural machinery.
  • the straw picker 3 picks up the straw along the field and sends it to the feeding pretreatment system for drying and granulation.
  • the finished straw particles are sent to the biomass boiler 4 for incineration, and the bottom ash produced by incineration is directly discharged to the field through the ash discharge port at the lower end of the biomass boiler 4, and the flue gas produced by incineration enters the drying process of the feed pretreatment system.
  • the device is used as a heat source for drying, or it is directly discharged into the flue gas purification system for dust removal and discharge after reaching the standard.
  • the straw clearing machine 3 is arranged between the traction head 1 of the agricultural machine and one end of the carrying platform 2 , and a plowing device 5 is also arranged on the lower side of the other end of the carrying platform 2 .
  • the bottom ash discharged from the biomass boiler to the field is easily blown away by the wind to form secondary dust pollution. Therefore, a plow device 5 is installed at the rear end of the carrying platform 2 to overturn the ash discharged to the field to avoid above question.
  • the feed pretreatment system includes a dryer 6 and a molding granulator 7, the dryer 6 is set above the molding granulator 7, and the outlet of the straw cleaning machine 3 is connected to the feed port at the upper end of the dryer 6 through a pipeline , The discharge port on the lower side of the dryer 6 is connected to the feed port on the upper end of the forming granulator 7, and the discharge port of the forming granulator 7 is connected to the feeder of the biomass boiler 4.
  • the pipe of the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is bifurcated into two flue gas pipes, one of which is connected to the heat source gas inlet of the dryer 6, and the other flue gas pipe is connected to the intake air of the flue gas purification system. port connection.
  • the flue gas discharged from the biomass boiler 4 has a very high temperature and high heat energy, and direct discharge will cause relatively large energy waste.
  • This application uses the flue gas back to the dryer 6 as a heat source for straw drying , Recycling the temperature of the flue gas not only solves the problem of drying the straw to increase the combustion efficiency, but also realizes the recycling of energy and reduces the energy consumption of the entire device.
  • the flue gas purification system includes a cyclone separator 8, a bag filter 9, an induced draft fan 10 and a chimney 11.
  • the feed port of the cyclone separator 8 is connected to the gas outlet of the dryer 6 through a pipeline, and the solid outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separator 8 is The feed port is connected to the feed port at the upper end of the forming granulator 7, the gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator 8 is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter 9 through a pipe, and the air outlet of the bag filter 9 is connected to one end of the induced draft fan 10 through a pipe, The other end of the blower fan 10 is connected with the chimney 11 .
  • the flue gas after flue gas purification treatment reaches the standard, and some indicators are better than the standard emission, reducing the pollution of straw burning to the atmosphere.
  • the other of the two flue gas pipes of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter 9 .
  • the power system includes a steam generator set 12, an air cooler 13, a condensate tank 14 and a battery pack 15.
  • the steam outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam generator set 12, and the steam outlet of the steam generator set 12 is connected to one end of the air cooler 13.
  • the other end of the air cooler 13 is connected to the water inlet of the condensate tank 14, and the water outlet of the condensate tank 14 is connected to the water-cooled cavity of the biomass boiler 4 through a pipeline.
  • the water is heated into water vapor and then sent to the steam generator set 12 for steam power generation for the power consumption of the various components of the device itself, and at the same time, the excess electric energy can be stored in the battery Group 15 is used for starting or emergency use of the device, without external power supply, to realize autonomous operation in any area of the field.
  • Biomass boiler 4 comprises boiler furnace body 16, smoke exhaust pipe 17, upper side flue gas chamber 18, fire pipe 19, lower side furnace 20, feed pipe 21, fire grate 22 and ash chamber 23, and smoke exhaust pipe 17 vertical It is arranged directly inside the boiler body 16 and the upper end of the exhaust pipe 17 passes through the upper side of the boiler body 16 to be fixed with the boiler body 16.
  • the upper side of the upper side flue gas chamber 18 is an upwardly convex arc surface and the upper side flue gas
  • the upper end of the chamber 18 is connected to the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe 17, a plurality of fire pipes 19 are arranged vertically and the upper end of the fire pipe 19 is fixed to the lower end of the upper smoke chamber 18, the lower end of the fire pipe 19 is fixed to the upper end of the lower furnace 20, and the fire grate 22 is fixed on the lower side of the lower furnace 20, the ash chamber 23 is located below the grate 22, the feed pipe 21 is obliquely fixed on the side wall of the boiler body 16 on the side of the lower furnace 20, and the bottom of the boiler body 16 at the lower end of the ash chamber 23 There is an ash unloading port 24, and an automatic valve 25 is arranged in the ash unloading port 24.
  • the biomass boiler adopts a single drum vertical arrangement, which has a compact structure, a small footprint, and a good flame fullness.
  • the bottom of the biomass boiler is equipped with an ash unloading port and an automatic valve, which is connected to the PLC electric control cabinet through a weight sensor, and the ash is directly and automatically discharged into the farmland. After being processed by the plowing device, the ash is scattered into the field as fertilizer.
  • the automatic valve of the ash discharge port is made of high temperature resistant alloy. The slag discharge technology is simple and fast, saving time and effort.
  • the furnace wall and furnace roof of the boiler furnace body 16 are provided with a heat insulating layer 26 , the outer wall guard plate of the boiler furnace body 16 is made of a pressed guard plate, and the heat insulating layer 26 is made of a high thermal resistance material with good heat preservation performance.
  • the outer wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 17, the outer wall of the upper flue gas chamber 18, the outer wall of the fire pipe 19, the outer wall of the lower furnace 20, the upper side wall of the ash chamber 23 and the inner wall of the boiler body 16 form a closed Water-cooled chamber
  • the side of the boiler furnace body 16 is provided with a water inlet 27 and a sewage outlet 28 communicating with the water-cooled chamber
  • the upper side of the boiler furnace body 16 is provided with a steam outlet 29 communicated with the water-cooled chamber.
  • a liquid level gauge 30 is provided on the outside of the boiler body 16, and the two ends of the liquid level gauge 30 are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the water-cooling chamber.
  • the front side of the boiler body 16 is located at the front side of the ash chamber 23, and a slag discharge door 31 is provided. .
  • the present invention effectively solves the problem of collecting, storing and transporting straw.
  • the comprehensive utilization device of the present invention directly enters the field operation, omits the intermediate links of collecting, transporting and storing straw, and greatly reduces the cost of straw treatment;
  • the bottom ash is directly returned to the field, and the plowing device is used for overturning treatment, which not only effectively uses the bottom ash as an organic fertilizer to return to the field, but also solves the problem of the bottom ash being blown away by the wind and polluting the environment; the biomass produced by the straw burning in the present invention
  • the material can be used to generate electricity and dry straw to maximize the utilization of straw resources.
  • the power system is equipped with battery packs, which can store excess electric energy for the start-up or emergency use of the device.
  • the present invention adopts the advanced flue gas purification treatment technology, the flue gas after the flue gas purification treatment reaches the standard, and some indicators are better than the standard emission, reducing the pollution of the atmosphere caused by straw burning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract

A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device. One end of a bearing platform (2) is connected to an agricultural machine tractor (1); a straw harvester (3), a feed pretreatment system, a biomass boiler (4), a flue gas purification system and a power system are respectively provided on the bearing platform (2); an outlet of the straw harvester (3) is connected to a feed port of the feed pretreatment system; a discharge port of the feed pretreatment system is connected to a feed port of the biomass boiler (4); a flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler (4) is connected to the flue gas purification system; a steam outlet (29) of the biomass boiler (4) is connected to a steam inlet of the power system; and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler (4) is also connected to a drying device of the feed pretreatment system.

Description

一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种秸秆利用装置，特别是一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，属于秸秆处理技术领域。The invention relates to a straw utilization device, in particular to a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device, which belongs to the technical field of straw treatment.
背景技术Background technique
秸秆综合利用行业的主要特征与秸秆的产生、收集、存储、运输密切相关。秸秆存在着分布广，收获季节性强，收集费时费工，储存占地面积大，易燃，易发霉等特点。目前秸秆的主要利用技术有饲料化、能源化、肥料化等。饲料化主要是经过简单造粒处理后作为动物饲料，一般规模较小处理量有限；能源化主要是大型秸秆焚烧发电厂，但受制于秸秆的收储运问题，绝大多数都处于亏损状态；肥料化是目前处理秸秆的普遍手段，秸秆的肥料化还田，对农业种植周期影响较大，并且影响秧苗的成活率。因此目前秸秆的处理方式要么无法对秸秆进行充分利用，变废为宝；要么受制于秸秆收储运难题而难以为继，所以一种移动式一体化秸秆综合利用装置从根本上解决了秸秆能源化利用的瓶颈。The main characteristics of the straw comprehensive utilization industry are closely related to the generation, collection, storage and transportation of straw. Straw has the characteristics of wide distribution, strong seasonality of harvest, time-consuming and labor-intensive collection, large storage area, flammability, and mildew. At present, the main utilization technologies of straw include feed, energy, fertilizer and so on. Feed is mainly used as animal feed after simple granulation treatment, and the processing capacity is generally small and limited; energy is mainly large-scale straw incineration power plants, but due to the problem of straw collection, storage and transportation, most of them are in a state of loss; Fertilization is a common method to deal with straw at present. Fertilization of straw has a great impact on the agricultural planting cycle and the survival rate of seedlings. Therefore, the current straw processing methods either cannot make full use of straw and turn waste into treasure; utilization bottleneck.
中国知识产权局2018年11月20日公开了公开号为CN108844092A的发明专利，名称为“一种可移动式生物质热电联产装置”，该专利提供了一种可移动式生物质热电联产装置包括：包括可移动式集箱、生物质燃烧炉、热气发电机、供热系统和尾气处理系统，所述可移动式集箱内设置生物质燃烧炉、热气发电机、供热系统和尾气处理系统，所述生物质燃烧炉的出烟口通过管道与热气发电机的进气口配合连接，所述热气发电机的出气口通过管道与供热系统的进气口配合连接，所述供热系统的出气口通过管道与尾气处理系统配合连接，所述可移动式集箱为长方体结构，所述可移动式集箱的6个面之间通过螺栓固定连接，所述可移动式集箱顶部对称设置有2x4个吊耳。该专利存在以下缺陷：1)烟气经旋风分离器初步除尘后即排放大气，烟气排放不能达标，污染环境；2)锅炉进料必须先用秸秆造粒，秸秆颗粒在进入该专利燃料仓，故该装置无法直接进入田地，独立工作；3)该装置缺少启动装置，只能设置于固定场所，接通外部电源后方可启动，无法进入田间移动工作。On November 20, 2018, the China Intellectual Property Office published an invention patent with the publication number CN108844092A, titled "A Movable Biomass Cogeneration Device", which provides a mobile biomass cogeneration The device includes: a movable header, a biomass burning furnace, a hot gas generator, a heating system and an exhaust gas treatment system, and the biomass burning furnace, a hot gas generator, a heating system and an exhaust gas Processing system, the smoke outlet of the biomass combustion furnace is connected with the air inlet of the hot gas generator through the pipeline, the gas outlet of the hot gas generator is connected with the air inlet of the heating system through the pipeline, and the air supply The gas outlet of the thermal system is connected with the exhaust gas treatment system through pipes. The movable header is a cuboid structure, and the 6 faces of the movable header are fixedly connected by bolts. The movable header There are 2x4 lifting lugs arranged symmetrically on the top. This patent has the following defects: 1) The flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere after the initial dust removal by the cyclone separator, and the flue gas emission cannot meet the standard, polluting the environment; 2) The boiler feed must first be granulated with straw, and the straw particles enter the fuel bin of this patent , so the device cannot directly enter the field and work independently; 3) the device lacks a starting device and can only be installed in a fixed place, and can be started after being connected to an external power supply, and cannot enter the field for mobile work.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，实现秸秆田间直接拾取、焚烧处理并将灰渣回田，燃烧产生热能进行秸秆烘干以及蒸汽发电，实现能量回收的自循环功能系统，从而实现秸秆资源的资源最大化利用。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device, which can directly pick up straw in the field, incinerate and return the ash to the field, and burn to generate heat energy for straw drying and steam power generation, so as to realize energy Recycling self-circulation function system, so as to realize the maximum utilization of straw resources.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：包含农机牵引头、承载平台、秸秆收拾机、进料预处理系统、生物质锅炉、烟气净化系统和电力系统，承载平台一端与农机牵引头连接，秸秆收拾机、进料预处理系统、生物质锅炉、烟气净化系统和电力系统分别设置在承载平台上，秸秆收拾机出口与进料预处理系统的进料口连接，进料预处理系统的出料口与生物质锅炉的进料口连接，生物质锅炉的烟气出口与烟气净化系统连接，生物质锅炉的蒸汽出口与电力系统的蒸汽进口连接，生物质锅炉的烟气出口还与进料预处理系统的烘干装置连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device, characterized in that it includes an agricultural machinery traction head, a carrying platform, a straw cleaning machine, a feed pretreatment system, a biomass boiler, a flue gas purification system and an electric power system, and one end of the carrying platform It is connected with the traction head of the agricultural machinery, the straw packing machine, the feed pretreatment system, the biomass boiler, the flue gas purification system and the power system are respectively set on the carrying platform, and the outlet of the straw packing machine is connected with the feed inlet of the feed pretreatment system, The outlet of the feed pretreatment system is connected to the feed port of the biomass boiler, the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the flue gas purification system, the steam outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the power system, and the biomass boiler The flue gas outlet is also connected to the drying device of the feed pretreatment system.
进一步地，所述秸秆收拾机设置在农机牵引头和承载平台的一端之间，承载平台的另一端下侧还设置有犁地装置。Further, the straw clearing machine is arranged between the traction head of the agricultural machine and one end of the carrying platform, and a plowing device is also provided on the lower side of the other end of the carrying platform.
进一步地，所述进料预处理系统包含烘干机和成型造粒机，烘干机设置在成型造粒机的上方，秸秆收拾机的出口通过管道与烘干机上端的进料口连接，烘干机下侧出料口与成型造粒机上端进料口连接，成型造粒机的出料口与生物质锅炉的给料器连接。Further, the feed pretreatment system includes a dryer and a molding granulator, the dryer is arranged above the molding granulator, and the outlet of the straw packing machine is connected to the feed inlet at the upper end of the dryer through a pipeline. The discharge port on the lower side of the dryer is connected to the feed port on the upper end of the forming granulator, and the discharge port of the forming granulator is connected to the feeder of the biomass boiler.
进一步地，所述生物质锅炉的烟气出口的管道分叉成两根烟气管道，其中一根烟气管道与烘干机的热源气体入口连接，另一根烟气管道与烟气净化系统的进气口连接。Further, the pipe of the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler is bifurcated into two flue gas pipes, one of which is connected to the heat source gas inlet of the dryer, and the other flue gas pipe is connected to the flue gas purification system air inlet connection.
进一步地，所述烟气净化系统包含旋风分离器、布袋除尘器、引风机和烟囱，旋风分离器的进料口通过管道与烘干机的气体出口连接，旋风分离器的下端固体出料口与成型造粒机上端进料口连接，旋风分离器上端气体出口通过管道连接布袋除尘器的进气口，布袋除尘器的出气口通过管道与引风机一端连接，引风机另一端与烟囱连接。Further, the flue gas purification system includes a cyclone separator, a bag filter, an induced draft fan and a chimney, the feed inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the gas outlet of the dryer through a pipeline, and the solid outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separator is It is connected with the feed port at the upper end of the forming granulator, the gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter through a pipe, the air outlet of the bag filter is connected to one end of the induced draft fan through a pipe, and the other end of the induced fan is connected to the chimney.
进一步地，所述生物质锅炉的两根烟气管道中另一根烟气管道与布袋除尘器的进气口连接。Further, the other of the two flue gas pipes of the biomass boiler is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter.
进一步地，所述电力系统包含蒸汽发电机组、空冷器、凝水箱和蓄电池组，生物质锅炉的蒸汽出口与蒸汽发电机组的蒸汽进口连接，蒸汽发电机组的蒸汽出口与空冷器的一端连接，空冷器的另一端与凝水箱的进水口连接，凝水箱的出水口通过管道与生物质锅炉的水冷腔体连接。Further, the power system includes a steam generator set, an air cooler, a condensate tank and a battery pack. The steam outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the steam generator set, and the steam outlet of the steam generator set is connected to one end of the air cooler. The other end of the device is connected to the water inlet of the condensate tank, and the water outlet of the condensate tank is connected to the water-cooled chamber of the biomass boiler through a pipe.
进一步地，所述生物质锅炉包含锅炉炉体、排烟管、上侧烟气室、火管、下侧炉膛、进料管、炉排和灰渣室，排烟管竖直设置在锅炉炉体内侧并且排烟管上端穿出锅炉炉体上侧与锅炉炉体固定，上侧烟气室上侧为向上凸起的弧形面并且上侧烟气室上端与排烟管下端连接，多根火管沿竖直方向设置并且火管上端与上侧烟气室下端固定，火管下端与下侧炉膛上端固定，炉排固定在下侧炉膛下侧，灰渣室位于炉排下方，进料管倾斜固定在下侧炉膛侧面的锅炉炉体侧壁上，灰渣室下端的锅炉炉体底部开有卸灰口，卸灰口内设置有自动阀门。Further, the biomass boiler includes a boiler body, a smoke exhaust pipe, an upper side flue gas chamber, a fire tube, a lower side furnace, a feed pipe, a fire grate and an ash chamber, and the smoke exhaust pipe is vertically arranged on the boiler furnace. The inner side of the body and the upper end of the exhaust pipe pass through the upper side of the boiler body to be fixed with the boiler body. The upper side of the upper flue gas chamber is an upwardly convex arc surface and the upper end of the upper flue gas chamber is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe. The first fire tube is arranged vertically and the upper end of the fire tube is fixed to the lower end of the upper flue gas chamber, the lower end of the fire tube is fixed to the upper end of the lower furnace, the fire grate is fixed to the lower side of the lower furnace, the ash chamber is located under the fire grate, and the feed The pipe is obliquely fixed on the side wall of the boiler body on the side of the lower furnace. There is an ash discharge port at the bottom of the boiler body at the lower end of the ash chamber, and an automatic valve is arranged in the ash discharge port.
进一步地，所述锅炉炉体的炉壁以及炉顶设置有绝热层，排烟管的外侧壁、上侧烟气室 的外侧壁、火管的外侧壁、下侧炉膛的外侧壁、灰渣室的上侧壁以及锅炉炉体内壁构成封闭的水冷腔体，锅炉炉体侧面设置有与水冷腔体连通的进水口和排污口，锅炉炉体上侧设置有与水冷腔体连通的蒸汽出口。Further, the furnace wall and furnace roof of the boiler body are provided with a thermal insulation layer, the outer wall of the exhaust pipe, the outer wall of the upper flue gas chamber, the outer wall of the fire tube, the outer wall of the lower furnace, the ash The upper side wall of the chamber and the inner wall of the boiler furnace form a closed water-cooled cavity. The side of the boiler furnace body is provided with a water inlet and a sewage outlet connected to the water-cooled cavity, and the upper side of the boiler furnace body is provided with a steam outlet connected to the water-cooled cavity. .
进一步地，所述锅炉炉体外侧设置有液位计，液位计的两端分别与水冷腔体的上下侧连接，锅炉炉体前侧面位于灰渣室前侧位置设置有一个排渣门。Further, a liquid level gauge is provided outside the boiler body, and the two ends of the liquid level gauge are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the water cooling chamber, and a slag discharge door is provided on the front side of the boiler body at the front side of the ash chamber.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
1、本发明有效解决了秸秆的收储运难题，本发明的综合利用装置直接进入田间作业，省略了对秸秆进行收集、运输和存储的中间环节，大大降低了秸秆处理的成本；1. The present invention effectively solves the problem of straw collection, storage and transportation. The comprehensive utilization device of the present invention directly enters the field operation, omitting the intermediate links of collecting, transporting and storing straw, and greatly reducing the cost of straw treatment;
2、本发明秸秆焚烧的底灰直接还田，并通过犁地装置进行翻埋处理，既有效利用了底灰作为有机肥还田，又解决了底灰被风吹散而污染环境的问题；2. The bottom ash from straw incineration in the present invention is directly returned to the field, and the plowing device is used to bury the bottom ash, which not only effectively uses the bottom ash as organic fertilizer to return to the field, but also solves the problem of the bottom ash being blown away by the wind and polluting the environment;
3、本发明秸秆燃烧产生的生物质能用来发电、烘干秸秆，实现秸秆资源的最大化利用，电力系统配置蓄电池组，可对多余电能进行存储，供本装置启动或者应急使用，无需外接电源，实现田间任何区域的自主作业；3. The biomass produced by straw burning in the present invention can be used to generate electricity and dry straw to maximize the utilization of straw resources. The power system is equipped with battery packs, which can store excess electric energy for the start-up or emergency use of the device without external connection Power supply to realize autonomous operation in any area of the field;
4、本发明采用先进的烟气净化处理技术，经过烟气净化处理后的烟气达标，部分指标优于标准排放，减少了秸秆焚烧对大气的污染。4. The present invention adopts advanced flue gas purification treatment technology, and the flue gas after the flue gas purification treatment reaches the standard, and some indicators are better than the standard emission, which reduces the pollution of the atmosphere by straw burning.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device of the present invention.
图2是本发明的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置的连接原理图。Fig. 2 is a connection principle diagram of a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device of the present invention.
图3是本发明的生物质锅炉的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the biomass boiler of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了详细阐述本发明为达到预定技术目的而所采取的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清晰、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，并且，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，本发明的实施例中的技术手段或技术特征可以替换，下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。In order to explain in detail the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended technical purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described implementation Examples are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and, on the premise of not paying creative work, the technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention can be replaced, the following will refer to the accompanying drawings and combine Examples illustrate the present invention in detail.
如图1和图2所示，本发明的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，包含农机牵引头1、承载平台2、秸秆收拾机3、进料预处理系统、生物质锅炉4、烟气净化系统和电力系统，承载平台2一端与农机牵引头1连接，秸秆收拾机3、进料预处理系统、生物质锅炉4、烟气净化系统和电力系统分别设置在承载平台2上，秸秆收拾机3出口与进料预处理系统的进料口连接，进料预处理系统的出料口与生物质锅炉4的进料口连接，生物质锅炉4的烟气 出口与烟气净化系统连接，生物质锅炉4的蒸汽出口与电力系统的蒸汽进口连接，生物质锅炉4的烟气出口还与进料预处理系统的烘干装置连接。承载平台2在农机牵引头1的牵引下在田间行走，在行走过程中，秸秆收拾机3将田间沿途的秸秆拾取后并送入到进料预处理系统中进行烘干和造粒，造粒后的秸秆粒被送入生物质锅炉4中进行焚烧，焚烧产生的底灰通过生物质锅炉4下端的卸灰口直接排放至田间，焚烧产生的烟气则进入进料预处理系统的烘干装置中作为烘干的热源，或者直接排入烟气净化系统进行除尘后达标排放，生物质锅炉内就有水冷腔室，被燃烧的热量蒸发成水蒸气后进入电力系统中发电并通过蓄电池进行储能。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device of the present invention includes an agricultural machinery traction head 1, a carrying platform 2, a straw cleaning machine 3, a feed pretreatment system, and a biomass boiler 4 , flue gas purification system and power system, one end of the carrying platform 2 is connected to the traction head 1 of the agricultural machinery, the straw picking machine 3, the feed pretreatment system, the biomass boiler 4, the flue gas purification system and the power system are respectively set on the carrying platform 2 , the outlet of the straw packing machine 3 is connected to the inlet of the feed pretreatment system, the outlet of the feed pretreatment system is connected to the inlet of the biomass boiler 4, and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the flue gas purification System connection, the steam outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the steam inlet of the power system, and the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is also connected to the drying device of the feed pretreatment system. The carrying platform 2 walks in the field under the traction of the traction head 1 of the agricultural machinery. During the walking process, the straw picker 3 picks up the straw along the field and sends it to the feeding pretreatment system for drying and granulation. The finished straw particles are sent to the biomass boiler 4 for incineration, and the bottom ash produced by incineration is directly discharged to the field through the ash discharge port at the lower end of the biomass boiler 4, and the flue gas produced by incineration enters the drying process of the feed pretreatment system. The device is used as a heat source for drying, or it is directly discharged into the flue gas purification system for dust removal and discharge after reaching the standard. There is a water-cooled chamber in the biomass boiler. energy storage.
秸秆收拾机3设置在农机牵引头1和承载平台2的一端之间，承载平台2的另一端下侧还设置有犁地装置5。生物质锅炉排至田间的底灰容易被风吹散从而形成二次的粉尘污染，因此通过在承载平台2的后端设置一个犁地装置5将排至田间的灰渣翻埋处理，避免了上述问题。The straw clearing machine 3 is arranged between the traction head 1 of the agricultural machine and one end of the carrying platform 2 , and a plowing device 5 is also arranged on the lower side of the other end of the carrying platform 2 . The bottom ash discharged from the biomass boiler to the field is easily blown away by the wind to form secondary dust pollution. Therefore, a plow device 5 is installed at the rear end of the carrying platform 2 to overturn the ash discharged to the field to avoid above question.
进料预处理系统包含烘干机6和成型造粒机7，烘干机6设置在成型造粒机7的上方，秸秆收拾机3的出口通过管道与烘干机6上端的进料口连接，烘干机6下侧出料口与成型造粒机7上端进料口连接，成型造粒机7的出料口与生物质锅炉4的给料器连接。The feed pretreatment system includes a dryer 6 and a molding granulator 7, the dryer 6 is set above the molding granulator 7, and the outlet of the straw cleaning machine 3 is connected to the feed port at the upper end of the dryer 6 through a pipeline , The discharge port on the lower side of the dryer 6 is connected to the feed port on the upper end of the forming granulator 7, and the discharge port of the forming granulator 7 is connected to the feeder of the biomass boiler 4.
生物质锅炉4的烟气出口的管道分叉成两根烟气管道，其中一根烟气管道与烘干机6的热源气体入口连接，另一根烟气管道与烟气净化系统的进气口连接。生物质锅炉4排出的烟气具有很高的温度，具备较高的热能，直接排放则会造成比较大的能源浪费，本申请通过将烟气回流至烘干机6中作为秸秆烘干的热源，对烟气的温度进行回收利用，不仅解决实现了秸秆的烘干从而增加燃烧效率，同时实现能量的循环回收利用，降低整个装置的能耗。The pipe of the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is bifurcated into two flue gas pipes, one of which is connected to the heat source gas inlet of the dryer 6, and the other flue gas pipe is connected to the intake air of the flue gas purification system. port connection. The flue gas discharged from the biomass boiler 4 has a very high temperature and high heat energy, and direct discharge will cause relatively large energy waste. This application uses the flue gas back to the dryer 6 as a heat source for straw drying , Recycling the temperature of the flue gas not only solves the problem of drying the straw to increase the combustion efficiency, but also realizes the recycling of energy and reduces the energy consumption of the entire device.
烟气净化系统包含旋风分离器8、布袋除尘器9、引风机10和烟囱11，旋风分离器8的进料口通过管道与烘干机6的气体出口连接，旋风分离器8的下端固体出料口与成型造粒机7上端进料口连接，旋风分离器8上端气体出口通过管道连接布袋除尘器9的进气口，布袋除尘器9的出气口通过管道与引风机10一端连接，引风机10另一端与烟囱11连接。采用先进的烟气净化处理技术，经过烟气净化处理后的烟气达标，部分指标优于标准排放，减少了秸秆焚烧对大气的污染。生物质锅炉4的两根烟气管道中另一根烟气管道与布袋除尘器9的进气口连接。The flue gas purification system includes a cyclone separator 8, a bag filter 9, an induced draft fan 10 and a chimney 11. The feed port of the cyclone separator 8 is connected to the gas outlet of the dryer 6 through a pipeline, and the solid outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separator 8 is The feed port is connected to the feed port at the upper end of the forming granulator 7, the gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator 8 is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter 9 through a pipe, and the air outlet of the bag filter 9 is connected to one end of the induced draft fan 10 through a pipe, The other end of the blower fan 10 is connected with the chimney 11 . Using advanced flue gas purification treatment technology, the flue gas after flue gas purification treatment reaches the standard, and some indicators are better than the standard emission, reducing the pollution of straw burning to the atmosphere. The other of the two flue gas pipes of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter 9 .
电力系统包含蒸汽发电机组12、空冷器13、凝水箱14和蓄电池组15，生物质锅炉4的蒸汽出口与蒸汽发电机组12的蒸汽进口连接，蒸汽发电机组12的蒸汽出口与空冷器13的一端连接，空冷器13的另一端与凝水箱14的进水口连接，凝水箱14的出水口通过管道与生物质锅炉4的水冷腔体连接。通过在生物质锅炉4内设置水冷腔室，将水加热成水蒸气后送入蒸汽发电机组12中进行蒸汽发电以供装置本身的各部件的电源能耗，同时可以将多余的电能 储存至蓄电池组15中，供本装置启动或者应急使用，无需外接电源，实现田间任何区域的自主作业。The power system includes a steam generator set 12, an air cooler 13, a condensate tank 14 and a battery pack 15. The steam outlet of the biomass boiler 4 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam generator set 12, and the steam outlet of the steam generator set 12 is connected to one end of the air cooler 13. The other end of the air cooler 13 is connected to the water inlet of the condensate tank 14, and the water outlet of the condensate tank 14 is connected to the water-cooled cavity of the biomass boiler 4 through a pipeline. By setting a water-cooling chamber in the biomass boiler 4, the water is heated into water vapor and then sent to the steam generator set 12 for steam power generation for the power consumption of the various components of the device itself, and at the same time, the excess electric energy can be stored in the battery Group 15 is used for starting or emergency use of the device, without external power supply, to realize autonomous operation in any area of the field.
生物质锅炉4包含锅炉炉体16、排烟管17、上侧烟气室18、火管19、下侧炉膛20、进料管21、炉排22和灰渣室23，排烟管17竖直设置在锅炉炉体16内侧并且排烟管17上端穿出锅炉炉体16上侧与锅炉炉体16固定，上侧烟气室18上侧为向上凸起的弧形面并且上侧烟气室18上端与排烟管17下端连接，多根火管19沿竖直方向设置并且火管19上端与上侧烟气室18下端固定，火管19下端与下侧炉膛20上端固定，炉排22固定在下侧炉膛20下侧，灰渣室23位于炉排22下方，进料管21倾斜固定在下侧炉膛20侧面的锅炉炉体16侧壁上，灰渣室23下端的锅炉炉体16底部开有卸灰口24，卸灰口24内设置有自动阀门25。生物质锅炉采用单锅筒纵置布置，结构紧凑，占地面积小，火焰充满度好。生物质锅炉底部设有卸灰口和自动阀门，通过重量传感器连接到PLC电控柜，直接自动将灰渣排入农田中，经过犁地装置处理后，灰渣作为肥料撒入田地中。卸灰口的自动阀门采用耐高温的合金材质。该排渣技术简便快捷，省时省力。 Biomass boiler 4 comprises boiler furnace body 16, smoke exhaust pipe 17, upper side flue gas chamber 18, fire pipe 19, lower side furnace 20, feed pipe 21, fire grate 22 and ash chamber 23, and smoke exhaust pipe 17 vertical It is arranged directly inside the boiler body 16 and the upper end of the exhaust pipe 17 passes through the upper side of the boiler body 16 to be fixed with the boiler body 16. The upper side of the upper side flue gas chamber 18 is an upwardly convex arc surface and the upper side flue gas The upper end of the chamber 18 is connected to the lower end of the smoke exhaust pipe 17, a plurality of fire pipes 19 are arranged vertically and the upper end of the fire pipe 19 is fixed to the lower end of the upper smoke chamber 18, the lower end of the fire pipe 19 is fixed to the upper end of the lower furnace 20, and the fire grate 22 is fixed on the lower side of the lower furnace 20, the ash chamber 23 is located below the grate 22, the feed pipe 21 is obliquely fixed on the side wall of the boiler body 16 on the side of the lower furnace 20, and the bottom of the boiler body 16 at the lower end of the ash chamber 23 There is an ash unloading port 24, and an automatic valve 25 is arranged in the ash unloading port 24. The biomass boiler adopts a single drum vertical arrangement, which has a compact structure, a small footprint, and a good flame fullness. The bottom of the biomass boiler is equipped with an ash unloading port and an automatic valve, which is connected to the PLC electric control cabinet through a weight sensor, and the ash is directly and automatically discharged into the farmland. After being processed by the plowing device, the ash is scattered into the field as fertilizer. The automatic valve of the ash discharge port is made of high temperature resistant alloy. The slag discharge technology is simple and fast, saving time and effort.
锅炉炉体16的炉壁以及炉顶设置有绝热层26，锅炉炉体16的外壁护板采用压制护板，绝热层26采用高热阻材料，保温性能良好。排烟管17的外侧壁、上侧烟气室18的外侧壁、火管19的外侧壁、下侧炉膛20的外侧壁、灰渣室23的上侧壁以及锅炉炉体16内壁构成封闭的水冷腔体，锅炉炉体16侧面设置有与水冷腔体连通的进水口27和排污口28，锅炉炉体16上侧设置有与水冷腔体连通的蒸汽出口29。锅炉炉体16外侧设置有液位计30，液位计30的两端分别与水冷腔体的上下侧连接，锅炉炉体16前侧面位于灰渣室23前侧位置设置有一个排渣门31。The furnace wall and furnace roof of the boiler furnace body 16 are provided with a heat insulating layer 26 , the outer wall guard plate of the boiler furnace body 16 is made of a pressed guard plate, and the heat insulating layer 26 is made of a high thermal resistance material with good heat preservation performance. The outer wall of the smoke exhaust pipe 17, the outer wall of the upper flue gas chamber 18, the outer wall of the fire pipe 19, the outer wall of the lower furnace 20, the upper side wall of the ash chamber 23 and the inner wall of the boiler body 16 form a closed Water-cooled chamber, the side of the boiler furnace body 16 is provided with a water inlet 27 and a sewage outlet 28 communicating with the water-cooled chamber, and the upper side of the boiler furnace body 16 is provided with a steam outlet 29 communicated with the water-cooled chamber. A liquid level gauge 30 is provided on the outside of the boiler body 16, and the two ends of the liquid level gauge 30 are respectively connected to the upper and lower sides of the water-cooling chamber. The front side of the boiler body 16 is located at the front side of the ash chamber 23, and a slag discharge door 31 is provided. .
本发明有效解决了秸秆的收储运难题，本发明的综合利用装置直接进入田间作业，省略了对秸秆进行收集、运输和存储的中间环节，大大降低了秸秆处理的成本；本发明秸秆焚烧的底灰直接还田，并通过犁地装置进行翻埋处理，既有效利用了底灰作为有机肥还田，又解决了底灰被风吹散而污染环境的问题；本发明秸秆燃烧产生的生物质能用来发电、烘干秸秆，实现秸秆资源的最大化利用，电力系统配置蓄电池组，可对多余电能进行存储，供本装置启动或者应急使用，无需外接电源，实现田间任何区域的自主作业；本发明采用先进的烟气净化处理技术，经过烟气净化处理后的烟气达标，部分指标优于标准排放，减少了秸秆焚烧对大气的污染。The present invention effectively solves the problem of collecting, storing and transporting straw. The comprehensive utilization device of the present invention directly enters the field operation, omits the intermediate links of collecting, transporting and storing straw, and greatly reduces the cost of straw treatment; The bottom ash is directly returned to the field, and the plowing device is used for overturning treatment, which not only effectively uses the bottom ash as an organic fertilizer to return to the field, but also solves the problem of the bottom ash being blown away by the wind and polluting the environment; the biomass produced by the straw burning in the present invention The material can be used to generate electricity and dry straw to maximize the utilization of straw resources. The power system is equipped with battery packs, which can store excess electric energy for the start-up or emergency use of the device. No external power supply is required to realize autonomous operation in any area of the field. The present invention adopts the advanced flue gas purification treatment technology, the flue gas after the flue gas purification treatment reaches the standard, and some indicators are better than the standard emission, reducing the pollution of the atmosphere caused by straw burning.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变 化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质，在本发明的精神和原则之内，对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this field Those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, may use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes or modify equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but as long as they do not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, according to the technical content of the present invention Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any simple modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiments still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：包含农机牵引头、承载平台、秸秆收拾机、进料预处理系统、生物质锅炉、烟气净化系统和电力系统，承载平台一端与农机牵引头连接，秸秆收拾机、进料预处理系统、生物质锅炉、烟气净化系统和电力系统分别设置在承载平台上，秸秆收拾机出口与进料预处理系统的进料口连接，进料预处理系统的出料口与生物质锅炉的进料口连接，生物质锅炉的烟气出口与烟气净化系统连接，生物质锅炉的蒸汽出口与电力系统的蒸汽进口连接，生物质锅炉的烟气出口还与进料预处理系统的烘干装置连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device, characterized in that it includes an agricultural machinery traction head, a carrying platform, a straw cleaning machine, a feed pretreatment system, a biomass boiler, a flue gas purification system and an electric power system, and one end of the carrying platform It is connected with the traction head of the agricultural machinery, the straw packing machine, the feed pretreatment system, the biomass boiler, the flue gas purification system and the power system are respectively set on the carrying platform, and the outlet of the straw packing machine is connected with the feed inlet of the feed pretreatment system, The outlet of the feed pretreatment system is connected to the feed port of the biomass boiler, the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the flue gas purification system, the steam outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the power system, and the biomass boiler The flue gas outlet is also connected to the drying device of the feed pretreatment system.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述秸秆收拾机设置在农机牵引头和承载平台的一端之间，承载平台的另一端下侧还设置有犁地装置。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw clearing machine is set between the tractor head of the agricultural machinery and one end of the carrying platform, and the lower side of the other end of the carrying platform is also Equipped with plowing device.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述进料预处理系统包含烘干机和成型造粒机，烘干机设置在成型造粒机的上方，秸秆收拾机的出口通过管道与烘干机上端的进料口连接，烘干机下侧出料口与成型造粒机上端进料口连接，成型造粒机的出料口与生物质锅炉的给料器连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed pretreatment system includes a dryer and a molding granulator, and the dryer is set on the molding granulator Above, the outlet of the straw packing machine is connected to the feed port at the upper end of the dryer through the pipeline, the discharge port at the lower side of the dryer is connected to the feed port at the upper end of the forming granulator, and the discharge port of the forming granulator is connected to the raw material Feeder connections for substance boilers.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述生物质锅炉的烟气出口的管道分叉成两根烟气管道，其中一根烟气管道与烘干机的热源气体入口连接，另一根烟气管道与烟气净化系统的进气口连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the pipe of the flue gas outlet of the biomass boiler is bifurcated into two flue gas pipes, one of which is It is connected with the heat source gas inlet of the dryer, and another flue gas pipe is connected with the air inlet of the flue gas purification system.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述烟气净化系统包含旋风分离器、布袋除尘器、引风机和烟囱，旋风分离器的进料口通过管道与烘干机的气体出口连接，旋风分离器的下端固体出料口与成型造粒机上端进料口连接，旋风分离器上端气体出口通过管道连接布袋除尘器的进气口，布袋除尘器的出气口通过管道与引风机一端连接，引风机另一端与烟囱连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the flue gas purification system includes a cyclone separator, a bag filter, an induced draft fan and a chimney, and the feed of the cyclone separator The gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the gas outlet of the dryer through a pipeline, the solid outlet at the lower end of the cyclone separator is connected to the upper inlet of the molding granulator, and the gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone separator is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter through a pipeline. The air outlet of the dust collector is connected to one end of the induced draft fan through a pipe, and the other end of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述生物质锅炉的两根烟气管道中另一根烟气管道与布袋除尘器的进气口连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the other of the two flue gas pipes of the biomass boiler is connected to the air inlet of the bag filter connect.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述电力系统包含蒸汽发电机组、空冷器、凝水箱和蓄电池组，生物质锅炉的蒸汽出口与蒸汽发电机组的蒸汽进口连接，蒸汽发电机组的蒸汽出口与空冷器的一端连接，空冷器的另一端与凝水箱的进水口连接，凝水箱的出水口通过管道与生物质锅炉的水冷腔体连接。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power system includes a steam generator set, an air cooler, a condensate tank and a battery pack, and the steam outlet of the biomass boiler is connected to the steam The steam inlet of the generator set is connected, the steam outlet of the steam generator set is connected to one end of the air cooler, the other end of the air cooler is connected to the water inlet of the condensate tank, and the water outlet of the condensate tank is connected to the water cooling chamber of the biomass boiler through pipes.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述生物质锅炉包含锅炉炉体、排烟管、上侧烟气室、火管、下侧炉膛、进料管、炉排和灰渣室，排烟管竖直设置在锅炉炉体内侧并且排烟管上端穿出锅炉炉体上侧与锅炉炉体固定，上侧烟 气室上侧为向上凸起的弧形面并且上侧烟气室上端与排烟管下端连接，多根火管沿竖直方向设置并且火管上端与上侧烟气室下端固定，火管下端与下侧炉膛上端固定，炉排固定在下侧炉膛下侧，灰渣室位于炉排下方，进料管倾斜固定在下侧炉膛侧面的锅炉炉体侧壁上，灰渣室下端的锅炉炉体底部开有卸灰口，卸灰口内设置有自动阀门。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biomass boiler includes a boiler furnace body, a smoke exhaust pipe, an upper flue gas chamber, a fire pipe, and a lower furnace , feed pipe, fire grate and ash chamber, the exhaust pipe is vertically arranged inside the boiler body and the upper end of the exhaust pipe passes through the upper side of the boiler body and is fixed with the boiler body, and the upper side of the upper side flue gas chamber is upward It has a raised arc surface and the upper end of the upper flue gas chamber is connected to the lower end of the exhaust pipe. A plurality of fire pipes are arranged vertically and the upper end of the fire pipe is fixed to the lower end of the upper flue gas chamber. The lower end of the fire pipe is connected to the upper end of the lower furnace. Fixed, the fire grate is fixed on the lower side of the lower furnace, the ash chamber is located under the fire grate, the feed pipe is fixed obliquely on the side wall of the boiler body on the side of the lower furnace, and the bottom of the boiler body at the lower end of the ash chamber is provided with an ash discharge port , There is an automatic valve in the ash discharge port.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述锅炉炉体的炉壁以及炉顶设置有绝热层，排烟管的外侧壁、上侧烟气室的外侧壁、火管的外侧壁、下侧炉膛的外侧壁、灰渣室的上侧壁以及锅炉炉体内壁构成封闭的水冷腔体，锅炉炉体侧面设置有与水冷腔体连通的进水口和排污口，锅炉炉体上侧设置有与水冷腔体连通的蒸汽出口。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the furnace wall and furnace roof of the boiler body are provided with a heat insulating layer, and the outer wall and upper side smoke of the exhaust pipe The outer wall of the gas chamber, the outer wall of the fire tube, the outer wall of the lower furnace, the upper side wall of the ash chamber and the inner wall of the boiler furnace form a closed water-cooled cavity. The water inlet and the sewage outlet, and the upper side of the boiler body are provided with a steam outlet connected with the water cooling chamber.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种移动式一体化生物质秸秆综合利用装置，其特征在于：所述锅炉炉体外侧设置有液位计，液位计的两端分别与水冷腔体的上下侧连接，锅炉炉体前侧面位于灰渣室前侧位置设置有一个排渣门。A mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device according to claim 8, characterized in that: a liquid level gauge is arranged outside the boiler body, and the two ends of the liquid level gauge are connected to the upper and lower sides of the water-cooled cavity respectively. A slag discharge door is provided on the front side of the boiler body at the front side of the ash chamber.
PCT/CN2021/128176 2021-05-31 2021-11-02 Mobile integrated biomass straw comprehensive utilization device WO2022252492A1 (en)

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