CN110513675B - Straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas - Google Patents
Straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN110513675B CN110513675B CN201910924229.7A CN201910924229A CN110513675B CN 110513675 B CN110513675 B CN 110513675B CN 201910924229 A CN201910924229 A CN 201910924229A CN 110513675 B CN110513675 B CN 110513675B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
- F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of straw bundling and burning, and provides a straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas. Firstly, carrying out dust removal pretreatment on bundled straws; the pretreated bundled straws enter a three-stage combustion chamber to be subjected to three-stage air distribution combustion; heat generated in the three-stage air distribution combustion process is transferred to circulating water through a heat exchange system, and the circulating water is used for heat supply and heating; the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is used for dehydrating and drying the bundled straws subjected to dust removal pretreatment, so that waste heat recycling is realized; and the flue gas after the waste heat recycling is discharged after flue gas dedusting. The method provided by the invention integrates the procedures of raw material pretreatment, multistage combustion, efficient heat exchange, flue gas recycling, flue gas purification and dust removal and the like, improves a straw bundle combustion system, can efficiently recycle flue gas, and is simple in flue gas purification method after waste heat recycling; the method of the invention carries out three-stage air distribution combustion on the bundled straws, thereby realizing high-efficiency and low-nitrogen combustion of the bundled straws.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw bundling and burning, in particular to a straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas.
Background
The straw bundling technique is a better straw energy utilization mode, and is a technical process of picking and bundling loose straws in the field and then burning for heat supply. The energy density is improved after the straw is bundled, the storage and transportation cost is reduced, meanwhile, the bundled straw is semi-gasified and combusted, the combustion efficiency and the boiler heat supply efficiency are greatly improved, and the straw bundling and semi-gasification combined combustion device has good economic benefits. At present, straw bundling combustion technologies mainly comprise two types, one type is an intermittent feeding type straw bundling boiler combustion system, namely a mode of re-feeding combustion after all straw fuel in a combustion chamber is burnt, and the intermittent feeding bundling combustion has the characteristics of small occupied area, simple and convenient operation, capability of directly and manually feeding, cleaning ash and the like, and is usually used for heating and heat supply of small buildings; the other type is a continuous bundling burning boiler system, which can realize continuous feeding and continuous ash removal in the burning process, maintain a stable burning state in a combustion chamber, has smaller furnace temperature fluctuation range, is beneficial to intelligent operation and is suitable for large buildings or central heating areas.
Foreign countries with mature biomass straw bundling and burning technology include Denmark, France and Belgium. The continuous bundling combustion device developed by Denmark is called Cigar type burner, because the combustion mode of the continuous bundling combustion device is similar to that of ignited cigars, the continuous bundling combustion device is called Cigar type burner, the controllability of the continuous combustion process is good, the furnace temperature is stable, the continuous bundling combustion device is beneficial to intelligent operation, and therefore the continuous bundling combustion device is widely popularized and applied abroad and is considered to be the best mode for combusting the whole bundle of straws at present. The research on domestic continuous bundling equipment is less, the equipment is mainly chain grate continuous bundling equipment developed by Liu Sheng Yong team of Henan agricultural university, and the continuous bundling equipment developed by environmental protection equipment manufacturing limited company of iron Ling Zhongyuan; a stokehole flue gas drying biomass bundle burning boiler developed by Limin energy-saving boiler manufacturing Limited company in Helen city, and the like.
The research of the bundled combustion equipment in China starts late, the bundled combustion technology theory needs to be improved, and although large-scale demonstration projects exist, the problems of insufficient combustion, low combustion efficiency, overhigh emission of nitrogen oxides, complicated flue gas purification process and the like still exist in the actual operation. Therefore, the straw bundling combustion theory is perfected, the bundling combustion process is optimized, the bundling combustion efficiency is improved, the smoke emission is reduced, and the like, and deep research and exploration are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas. The method provided by the invention integrates the procedures of raw material pretreatment, multistage combustion, efficient heat exchange, flue gas recycling, flue gas purification and dust removal and the like, the bundled straws are fully combusted, and the efficient and low-nitrogen combustion of the bundled straws is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a straw bundling method for efficiently recycling flue gas comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out dust removal pretreatment on the bundled straws;
(2) the pretreated bundled straws enter a three-stage combustion chamber to be subjected to three-stage air distribution combustion; the tertiary air distribution combustion comprises: the pretreated bundled straws enter a first combustion chamber to be subjected to primary combustion, the generated straw carbon and combustible gas enter a second combustion chamber to be subjected to secondary combustion, and flue gas generated by the secondary combustion enters a third combustion chamber to be subjected to tertiary combustion;
(3) heat generated in the three-stage air distribution combustion process is transferred to circulating water through a heat exchange system, and the circulating water is used for heat supply and heating;
(4) the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is used for dehydrating and drying the bundled straws subjected to dust removal pretreatment, so that waste heat recycling is realized;
(5) and the flue gas after the waste heat recycling is discharged after flue gas dedusting.
Preferably, the dust removal pretreatment in the step (1) is to use a vibrating screen for vibration dust removal, and dust generated after dust removal is collected and returned to the field for utilization.
Preferably, the bundled straws in the step (1) are conveyed by a chain grate or a reciprocating grate.
Preferably, the water content of the bundled straws in the step (1) is less than or equal to 40 percent.
Preferably, in the step (2), the second combustion chamber is positioned below the first combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber is positioned on the side of the first combustion chamber; and the inner cavity of the third combustion chamber is of a rotational flow structure.
Preferably, a uniform wind is provided below the side wall of the first combustion chamber during the first combustion in the step (2); during the second combustion, secondary uniform air is distributed at the bottom of the second combustion chamber; and tertiary cyclone air is prepared at the smoke inlet of the third combustion chamber during the third combustion.
Preferably, the combustion temperature of the first combustion chamber in the step (2) is 600-800 ℃, and the combustion temperature of the second combustion chamber is 900-1100 ℃.
Preferably, the heat exchange system in the step (3) comprises: the side wall and the upper wall of the first combustion chamber are water jacket interlayers, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation heat transfer; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a circulating water pipe, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation and convection heat transfer; the side wall of the third combustion chamber is a water jacket interlayer, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation and convection heat transfer.
Preferably, the temperature of the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is 180-220 ℃, and the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is used for dehydrating and drying the bundled straws subjected to dust removal pretreatment.
Preferably, the flue gas dust removal method in the step (5) comprises one or more of cyclone dust removal, water film dust removal and cloth bag dust removal.
The invention provides a straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas, wherein bundled straws are subjected to dust removal pretreatment; the pretreated bundled straws enter a three-stage combustion chamber to be subjected to three-stage air distribution combustion; heat generated in the three-stage air distribution combustion process is transferred to circulating water through a heat exchange system, and the circulating water is used for heat supply and heating; the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is used for dehydrating and drying the bundled straws subjected to dust removal pretreatment, so that waste heat recycling is realized; and the flue gas after the waste heat recycling is discharged after flue gas dedusting. The method provided by the invention integrates the procedures of raw material pretreatment, multistage combustion, efficient heat exchange, flue gas recycling, flue gas purification and dust removal and the like, improves a straw bundle combustion system, efficiently utilizes flue gas, and is simple in flue gas purification method after waste heat recycling; the method of the invention carries out three-stage air distribution combustion on the bundled straws, thereby realizing high-efficiency and low-nitrogen combustion of the bundled straws.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the straw baling method for efficient flue gas recycling according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out dust removal pretreatment on the bundled straws;
(2) the pretreated bundled straws enter a three-stage combustion chamber to be subjected to three-stage air distribution combustion; the tertiary air distribution combustion comprises: the pretreated bundled straws enter a first combustion chamber to be subjected to primary combustion, the generated straw carbon and combustible gas enter a second combustion chamber to be subjected to secondary combustion, and flue gas generated by the secondary combustion enters a third combustion chamber to be subjected to tertiary combustion;
(3) heat generated in the three-stage air distribution combustion process is transferred to circulating water through a heat exchange system, and the circulating water is used for heat supply and heating;
(4) the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is used for dehydrating and drying the bundled straws subjected to dust removal pretreatment, so that waste heat recycling is realized;
(5) and the flue gas after the waste heat recycling is discharged after flue gas dedusting.
The invention firstly carries out dust removal pretreatment (straw pretreatment process) on the bundled straws. In the invention, the bundled straws are preferably round bales or square bales, and the moisture content of the bundled straws is preferably less than or equal to 40 percent, more preferably less than or equal to 30 percent; the invention has no special requirement on the volume or the weight of the bundled straws, and the bundled straws with the volume or the weight are well known by the technicians in the field.
In the invention, the dust removal pretreatment preferably uses a vibrating screen for vibration dust removal, and dust generated after dust removal is preferably collected and returned to the field for utilization; the invention has no special requirements on the specific conditions of vibration dust removal, and can remove dust on the surfaces of the straws.
After pretreatment, the bundled straws enter a three-stage combustion chamber to be subjected to three-stage air distribution combustion (a multi-stage air distribution combustion process). In the present invention, the tertiary combustion chamber includes a first combustion chamber, a second combustion chamber, and a third combustion chamber; the first combustion chamber is a main combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber is positioned below the first combustion chamber, the third combustion chamber is positioned on the side surface of the first combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber is communicated with the second combustion chamber through a pipeline; straw carbon generated by combustion in the first combustion chamber falls to the second combustion chamber under the action of gravity, and flue gas generated by the first combustion chamber volatilizes and enters the second combustion chamber (except that the first combustion chamber is communicated with the second combustion chamber, the rest parts are all sealed structures, and the generated flue gas only can enter the second combustion chamber); the flue gas and the unburned volatile matter generated by the second combustion chamber enter a third combustion chamber (the flue gas and the unburned volatile matter can enter the third combustion chamber by utilizing an induced draft fan); the invention has no special requirement on the specific communication mode of the three-stage combustion chamber, and can realize the combustion mode.
In the invention, the inner cavity of the third combustion chamber is of a cyclone structure, namely the upper part of the third combustion chamber is cylindrical, and the lower part of the third combustion chamber is conical, which is similar to the shape of the inner cavity of a cyclone dust collector.
In the invention, pretreated bundled straws enter a first combustion chamber to be subjected to first combustion, and primary uniform air is prepared below the side wall of the first combustion chamber; the air excess coefficient of the air distribution of the first combustion chamber is preferably 0.8; the combustion temperature of the first combustion chamber is preferably 600-800 ℃, and more preferably 650-750 ℃; bundling the straws and performing semi-gasification combustion in a first combustion chamber to generate combustible gas (the main component is CO) and straw carbon.
Combustible gas generated by the first combustion chamber enters the second combustion chamber through volatilization, the straw carbon falls into the second combustion chamber under the action of gravity, the combustible gas and the straw carbon are combusted for the second time in the second combustion chamber, and secondary uniform air is prepared at the bottom of the second combustion chamber during the second combustion; the combustion temperature of the second combustion chamber is preferably 900-1100 ℃, and more preferably 1000 ℃; the straw carbon and the combustible gas are fully combusted in the second combustion chamber to generate smoke and ash.
Smoke and unburned volatile components generated by the second combustion chamber enter a third combustion chamber to be combusted for the third time, tertiary cyclone air is prepared at a smoke inlet of the third combustion chamber, the smoke generated by the second combustion chamber is subjected to cyclone combustion in the third combustion chamber, so that residual combustible gas is sufficiently combusted, and meanwhile, a cyclone structure of the third combustion chamber primarily removes dust from particulate matters carried in the smoke; the combustion temperature of the third combustion chamber is not required to be special and can be set according to specific working conditions.
The first combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber are preferably distributed by the blower and the air distribution pipe.
The invention utilizes three-stage air distribution combustion to perform bundling combustion, wherein three-stage combustion chambers are relatively independent, bundled straws are sequentially subjected to semi-gasification combustion, secondary combustion of straw carbon and volatile matters and tertiary cyclone combustion of the volatile matters, and efficient and low-nitrogen combustion of the bundled straws can be realized.
In the invention, the bottom of the second combustion chamber and the bottom of the third combustion chamber are preferably provided with slag removing devices, and ash slag generated by the second combustion chamber and dust generated by the third combustion chamber fall to the slag removing devices and are discharged through the slag removing devices.
In the invention, heat generated in the three-stage air distribution combustion process is transferred to circulating water through a heat exchange system, and the circulating water is applied to heat supply and heating (efficient heat exchange process). In the present invention, the heat exchange system preferably comprises: the side wall and the upper wall of the first combustion chamber are water jacket interlayers, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation heat transfer; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a circulating water pipe, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation and convection heat transfer; the side wall of the third combustion chamber is a water jacket interlayer, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation and convection heat transfer. In the invention, the circulating water after heat exchange preferably supplies heat and supplies heat to residents, communities, greenhouses or farms through water pipelines, heating fins and the like.
In the invention, the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber dehydrates and dries the bundled straws after dust removal pretreatment, thereby realizing waste heat recycling (flue gas recycling process); the temperature of the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is 200 ℃, and the flue gas is preferably conveyed to the bundled straws after dust removal by using a high-temperature resistant fan.
In the invention, the flue gas after the waste heat recycling is discharged after flue gas dust removal (flue gas purification process). In the invention, the flue gas dust removal method comprises one or more of cyclone dust removal, water film dust removal and cloth bag dust removal; the method for purifying the flue gas is simple, and the flue gas can be discharged after dust removal.
The specific process flow of the method for efficiently recycling the flue gas and burning the straw bundle is shown in figure 1, wherein a block 1 is a bundle burning pretreatment process, a block 2 is a multi-stage air distribution burning process, a block 3 is a high-efficiency heat exchange process, a block 4 is a flue gas recycling process, and a block 5 is a flue gas purification process.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A straw bundling and burning method for efficiently recycling flue gas comprises a bundling and burning pretreatment process, a multi-stage air distribution and burning process, an efficient heat exchange process, a flue gas recycling process and a flue gas purification process.
Step 1 (binding pretreatment step): the bundled straws (round bundles or square bundles) are conveyed to a vibrating screen by adopting a chain grate, so that the vibration dust removal of the bundled straws is realized, and the collected dust is returned to the field for utilization.
Step 2 (multi-stage air distribution combustion step): and (3) carrying out air distribution combustion by using three stages of combustion chambers, wherein the first combustion chamber is also a main combustion chamber, the second combustion chamber is positioned below the main combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber is positioned on the side surface of the first combustion chamber.
The bundled straws enter a first combustion chamber to be combusted (the combustion temperature is 800 ℃), primary air (the excess air coefficient is 0.8) is distributed below the side wall of the first combustion chamber, semi-gasification combustion of bundled straw raw materials is realized through a uniform air distribution pipe, and straw charcoal and combustible gas (mainly CO) generated after the semi-gasification combustion enter a second combustion chamber; secondary even air is prepared at the bottom of the second combustion chamber, the straw carbon and combustible gas are subjected to secondary combustion (the combustion temperature is 1000 ℃), and the generated combustion flue gas enters a third combustion chamber; the third combustion chamber is conical (cyclone structure), and is equipped with the tertiary air at the flue gas entrance, with the cubic cyclone combustion of the combustible gas of not complete combustion in the flue gas, realizes abundant burning, and the cyclone structure of third combustion chamber self simultaneously carries out preliminary dust removal with the particulate matter that carries in the flue gas. The ash and slag burned in the second combustion chamber and the dust produced in the third combustion chamber fall to the slag removing device and are discharged out of the furnace through the slag removing device.
Step 3 (high-efficiency heat exchange step): the heat generated by the burning of the bundled straws is transferred to circulating water through a high-efficiency heat exchange system, and is used for heating residents, communities, greenhouses or farms through water pipelines, heating sheets and the like. The high-efficiency heat exchange system is used for high-efficiency heat exchange between the combustion chamber and circulating water, and the side wall and the upper wall of the first combustion chamber are water jacket interlayers which mainly transfer heat in a radiation mode; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a circulating water pipe which mainly conducts heat by radiation and convection; the side wall of the third combustion chamber is a water jacket interlayer which mainly transfers heat by radiation and convection.
Step 4 (flue gas recycling step): the temperature of the flue gas is about 200 ℃ after heat exchange in the third combustion chamber, the flue gas is conveyed to the bundled straws after dust removal by using a high-temperature resistant fan, and the bundled straws are dehydrated and dried, so that waste heat recycling is realized.
Step 5 (flue gas purification step): cyclone dust removal is selected for removing dust from the flue gas after waste heat recycling, and clean emission of the flue gas is realized.
In the process, the combustion efficiency of the bundled straws can reach 85 percent, and the emission of nitrogen oxides is as low as 85mg/m3。
The method integrates the procedures of raw material pretreatment, multistage combustion, efficient heat exchange, flue gas recycling, flue gas purification and dust removal and the like, perfects a straw bundling and burning system and efficiently utilizes the flue gas; in addition, the method of the invention uses the bundled straws to carry out three-stage air distribution combustion, thus realizing high-efficiency and low-nitrogen combustion of the bundled straws.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A straw bundling method for efficiently recycling flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out dust removal pretreatment on the bundled straws; the dust removal pretreatment is to use a vibrating screen to carry out vibration dust removal, and dust generated after dust removal is returned to the field for utilization after being collected;
(2) the pretreated bundled straws enter a three-stage combustion chamber to be subjected to three-stage air distribution combustion; the tertiary air distribution combustion comprises: the pretreated bundled straws enter a first combustion chamber to be subjected to primary combustion, the generated straw carbon and combustible gas enter a second combustion chamber to be subjected to secondary combustion, and flue gas generated by the secondary combustion enters a third combustion chamber to be subjected to tertiary combustion; the second combustion chamber is positioned below the first combustion chamber, and the third combustion chamber is positioned on the side surface of the first combustion chamber; the inner cavity of the third combustion chamber is of a rotational flow structure; the first combustion chamber is communicated with the second combustion chamber, and the rest parts are sealing structures, and the third combustion chamber is communicated with the second combustion chamber through a pipeline; the combustion temperature of the first combustion chamber is 600-800 ℃, and the combustion temperature of the second combustion chamber is 900-1100 ℃; during the first combustion, primary uniform air is prepared below the side wall of the first combustion chamber; during the second combustion, secondary uniform air is distributed at the bottom of the second combustion chamber; during the third combustion, tertiary cyclone air is prepared at the flue gas inlet of the third combustion chamber;
(3) heat generated in the three-stage air distribution combustion process is transferred to circulating water through a heat exchange system, and the circulating water is used for heat supply and heating; the heat exchange system comprises: the side wall and the upper wall of the first combustion chamber are water jacket interlayers, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation heat transfer; the upper part of the second combustion chamber is provided with a circulating water pipe, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation and convection heat transfer; the side wall of the third combustion chamber is a water jacket interlayer, and heat is transferred to circulating water through radiation and convection heat transfer;
(4) the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is used for dehydrating and drying the bundled straws subjected to dust removal pretreatment, so that waste heat recycling is realized;
(5) and the flue gas after the waste heat recycling is discharged after flue gas dedusting.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the bundled straw in step (1) is transported on a traveling grate or a reciprocating grate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bundled straw in step (1) has a moisture content of less than or equal to 40%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the flue gas generated by the third combustion chamber is 180-220 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the flue gas dust removal method in step (5) comprises one or more of cyclone dust removal, water film dust removal and bag dust removal.
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| CN111156499B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-12-08 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Clean combustion method for straw bundle burning |
| CN111998371B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-10-14 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Method for removing and recycling tar in straw bundle burning flue gas |
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