WO2022252353A1

WO2022252353A1 - Calibration device and method for blade tip timing measurement system

Info

Publication number: WO2022252353A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/106250
Authority: WO
Inventors: 肖志成; 蒙一鸣; 李健萍; 欧阳华; 陈勇; 吴亚东; 田杰
Original assignee: 上海交通大学; 上海交大航空发动机科技有限公司
Priority date: 2021-06-01
Filing date: 2021-07-14
Publication date: 2022-12-08
Also published as: CN115435734A; CN115435734B

Abstract

A calibration device and method for a blade tip timing measurement system (600). The device comprises a rotating assembly (100) and at least one support (200). The rotating assembly (100) comprises a frame (110), a power component (120) mounted on the frame (110), a rotor (130) connected to the power component (120), a plurality of blades (132) uniformly arranged on the rotor (130), a sensing component (160) used for measuring a motion state of the blades (132), and an excitation device (170) arranged on the blades (132), wherein a value measured by the sensing component (160) can serve as a reference value for calibration; the excitation device (170) can generate a preset excitation-vibration force on the blades (132); and the blade tip timing measurement system (600) to be calibrated is mounted on the support (200). By means of the device and the method, calibration can be performed while a real measurement scenario is reconstructed, a reference standard quantity and a quantity to be calibrated can be synchronously acquired, such that an excitation-vibration device of the calibration device is reliable, has high controllability and is simple and convenient to operate.

Description

Calibration device and method for a blade tip timing measurement system

technical field

The present application relates to the field of mechanical measurement, in particular to a calibration device and method for a blade tip timing measurement system.

Background technique

In large turbomachinery such as aeroengines, gas turbines, and steam turbines, the rotor blades often work under high-speed rotating conditions and need to bear high loads. In order to ensure safe operation, it is necessary to measure its operating parameters in real time during the blade rotation, including the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the clearance between the blade tip and the casing, etc.

Tip timing technology is a novel method of measuring rotating blades. Generally, a set of sensors fixed on the casing measures the tip arrival time of each blade, converts the circumferential displacement of the tip, and then calculates the vibration frequency and amplitude. In addition, some technical solutions can calculate the blade tip clearance according to the measured arrival time of the blade tip. In short, a set of blade tip timing measurement system is a device that measures the time when each blade tip reaches the sensor through the sensor arranged on the casing, and calculates physical quantities such as blade tip displacement, vibration frequency and amplitude, and blade tip clearance. and algorithms.

In order to verify the accuracy of the rotating blade measurement system, it is very important to know its measurement error range and its accurate calibration. However, the existing calibration methods for the blade tip timing measurement system are few and the accuracy is insufficient.

1. Strain gauge calibration method: paste the strain gauge on the root of the blade, obtain the frequency and amplitude information of the blade vibration by continuously measuring the strain of the blade root, and further combine the finite element model to calculate the amplitude and frequency of the blade top as With reference to the standard value, compare the amplitude and frequency measured by the blade tip timing measurement system with it to obtain the measurement error and complete the calibration task; however, this method cannot directly measure the vibration signal of the blade tip, and needs to be converted through the finite element model to be accurate. Sex is low. General engineering practice experience shows that the vibration frequency calculated by using strain data is relatively accurate, but the amplitude is extremely unreliable. Therefore, the strain gauge method cannot be used for high-precision calibration of the blade tip timing measurement system. In addition, the strain gauge method is a contact method, and the operation of pasting the strain gauge is cumbersome, and the strain gauge pasted at the root of the blade may change the vibration characteristics of the blade. Finally, strain gauges are sensitive and susceptible to interference from other signals.

2. Relative displacement calibration method: the rotating blade is not excited, but the blade tip timing sensor is arranged on the vibration table, the vibration table is controlled to make the sensor vibrate, and the relative motion of the blade and the sensor is used to simulate the rotating vibration blade, and the vibration The vibration frequency and amplitude of the table are used as the reference standard value, and the amplitude and frequency measured by the blade tip timing measurement system are compared with it to obtain the measurement error and complete the calibration task. This method has many disadvantages: (1) The calibration scene of this method is different from the real blade vibration scene, and the rationality of its calibration principle based on relative motion has not been proved, especially: in engineering applications, the speed of the drive motor is always Fluctuates within a certain range, and at the same time, the blade itself vibrates due to the excitation of the air flow and the eccentricity of the rotor, but this patent ignores these important error factors. (2) This method does not realize synchronous measurement, the value used as the reference standard and the value to be calibrated are not obtained at the same time, and the key parameter of blade tip vibration displacement cannot be calibrated. (3) This method uses the frequency, amplitude and phase of the vibrating table as the reference standard value. Considering the above two shortcomings, the calibration result is inaccurate. (4) This solution requires the use of a vibration table, and each blade tip timing sensor needs to be equipped with a vibration table, which is costly and poor in adaptability. (5) When calibrating, it is necessary to satisfy that the actual vibration frequencies, amplitudes, and phase differences of all vibrating tables are the same, and the operation is cumbersome, difficult, and poor in accuracy.

The above calibration schemes all involve vibration excitation of blades or sensors. The vibration table mentioned in the relative displacement method is generally not suitable for exciting the rotating blade, while the magnetic excitation method and jet excitation method can realize the excitation when the blade rotates (these technologies do not involve the calibration of the blade tip timing measurement system):

1. Magnetic excitation method: By arranging a magnetic excitation device on the casing, a circumferential excitation force is applied to each passing blade to cause the blade to vibrate.

2. Jet excitation method: By setting nozzles before and after the casing or blades, high-pressure airflow is injected to the blades when the impeller rotates, causing the blades to vibrate.

However, the magnetic excitation method and jet excitation method can only stimulate the synchronous vibration response of the blade, and cannot effectively control the excited mode and blade amplitude, so that various blade vibration forms cannot be created, and various possible blade operating conditions cannot be analyzed. calibration.

To sum up, the existing technical solutions have a single function, and can only calibrate the vibration frequency and amplitude, but cannot calibrate the vibration displacement of the blade tip, and do not consider the future development of the blade tip timing technology, and the scalability is poor. For example, the latest development that the tip timing measurement system can be used to measure the tip clearance is not considered, so the error of the tip timing measurement system cannot be calibrated when measuring the tip clearance.

Therefore, those skilled in the art are committed to developing a calibration device and method for a blade tip timing measurement system, which can perform calibration under the premise of restoring the real measurement scene, and can simultaneously collect reference standard quantities and quantities to be calibrated, with reliable excitation Vibration device, easy to adjust the amplitude and frequency of excitation.

Contents of the invention

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a calibration device for a blade tip timing measurement system, including:

a rotating assembly and at least one bracket;

Wherein, the rotating assembly includes:

frame;

power components mounted on said frame;

The rotor is installed on the frame and connected with the power part, the rotor is configured to be able to rotate under the drive of the power part; the rotor is provided with a plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are evenly distributed on the circumference of the rotor and protruding radially outward from the rotor;

a sensing component, detachably mounted at a preset position of the calibration device, and configured to detect the tip vibration displacement or tip clearance of the corresponding blade;

An excitation device is provided on each of the plurality of blades, and the excitation device is configured to enable the corresponding blade to vibrate at any rotational speed;

Wherein, the bracket is arranged on one side of the rotating assembly, and the bracket is configured to be able to install a blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated.

In some embodiments, optionally, the rotor includes:

a blisk, mounted on the frame and connected to the power component, and configured to be able to rotate driven by the power component; wherein, one end of the plurality of blades is connected to the blisk;

A plurality of cantilever arms, the plurality of cantilever arms are evenly distributed on the circumference of the blisk, and protrude radially outward from the blisk; wherein, each of the plurality of cantilever arms is provided with the transmission sensing components, so that one sensing component corresponds to one blade.

In some embodiments, optionally, the sensing component is a non-contact displacement sensor, and the sensing component is disposed near the edge of the corresponding blade.

In some embodiments, optionally, the calibration device further includes a slip ring and a cable, the slip ring is connected to the blisk along the axial direction of the blisk, and one end of the cable is connected to the The excitation device, the other end extends to the outside of the calibration device under the guidance of the slip ring and is configured to be connected to a signal generator.

In some embodiments, optionally, one end of the cable is further connected to the sensing component, and the other end is configured to be connected to a power supply and a signal acquisition system.

In some embodiments, optionally, the blisk is provided with a cavity, and the rotor further includes a cover plate, the cover plate is connected to the blisk and covers the opening of the cavity, so A power supply and a wireless telemetry system are arranged in the cavity, and the power supply and the wireless telemetry system are respectively connected to the sensing components.

In some embodiments, optionally, the calibration device further includes a circular guide rail surrounding the periphery of the rotating assembly, the center of the circular guide rail overlaps with the center of the rotor, and the at least one bracket is arranged on on the circular rail.

In some embodiments, optionally, the at least one bracket includes a plurality of brackets, and the plurality of brackets are uniformly arranged on the circular guide rail along a circumferential direction of the circular guide rail.

In some embodiments, optionally, the bracket is connected to a first slider, the first slider is connected to the circular guide rail, and the first slider is configured to be able to move along the circular guide rail. Rail slides.

In some embodiments, optionally, the support includes a support column and an adjustment platform, the support column is vertically arranged, the adjustment platform is movably connected to the column, and the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated The first sensor is mounted on the adjustment platform, and the adjustment platform is configured to have at least one degree of freedom.

In some embodiments, optionally, the bracket includes a second slider, a first connecting piece, a first adjustment knob and a first locking knob, and the second slider is arranged on the support column and configured In order to be able to move on the support column along the first direction, the first direction refers to the length direction of the support column; one end of the first connecting piece is connected to the second slider, and the adjustment platform connected to the first connecting piece; the first adjusting knob and the first locking knob are arranged on the second slider, and the first adjusting knob and the first locking knob are configured as When the first locking button is loosened, rotate the first adjusting knob so that the second slider can move along the support column; when the first locking button is locked, the The second slider is held at the current position.

In some embodiments, optionally, the adjustment platform further includes a second adjustment knob and a second locking knob, the second adjustment knob is configured to be able to adjust the displacement of the adjustment platform along the second direction, so The second locking button is configured to lock the adjustment platform so that the adjustment platform is fixed in the second direction; the second direction refers to the length direction perpendicular to the column and parallel to the rotor radial direction.

In some embodiments, optionally, the adjustment platform further includes a third adjustment knob and a third locking knob, and the third adjustment knob is configured to be able to adjust the displacement of the adjustment platform along a third direction, so The third locking button is configured to lock the adjustment platform so that the adjustment platform is fixed in the third direction; the third direction refers to the length direction perpendicular to the column and perpendicular to the rotor radial direction.

In some embodiments, optionally, the adjustment platform further includes a rotation part, a fourth adjustment knob and a fourth locking knob, the rotation part is rotatably connected to the adjustment platform, and the fourth adjustment knob is It is configured to be able to adjust the rotation of the rotating part along its center, and the fourth locking button is configured to be able to lock the rotating part so that the rotating part is fixed.

In some embodiments, optionally, a positioning platform is also included, the rotating assembly is arranged on the positioning platform, the rotating axis of the rotating assembly is perpendicular to the positioning platform, or the rotating axis of the rotating assembly is parallel to the positioning platform. positioning platform.

The present application also provides a calibration method for the blade tip timing measurement system, including the following steps:

Turn on the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated, and start the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated;

Open the excitation device, so that the blades of the calibration device vibrate under the action of the excitation device;

making the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated collect first data, and encapsulate the first data according to a data protocol;

making the sensing part of the calibration device collect second data, and encapsulating the second data according to the data protocol;

analyzing the first data to obtain system measurement values;

analyzing the second data to obtain a reference standard value;

The measurement error of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated is calculated according to the system measurement value and the reference standard.

In some embodiments, optionally, the data protocol includes:

Timestamp bits, sample value bits, channel number bits, and data type bits.

In some implementations, optionally, the step of encapsulating the first data includes:

Write the arrival time of the leaf tip into the timestamp bits;

write the sample value bits to zero;

writing the number of the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated for collecting the first data into the channel number;

writing an encoding representing the arrival of the blade into the data type bits;

The step of encapsulating the second data includes:

Writing the sampling time of the sensing component into the timestamp bit;

Write the serial number of the sensing component into the channel number position;

Writing the sampling value of the sensing component into the sampling value bit;

Writing a code indicating that the second data is a sample value into the data type bit.

In some embodiments, optionally, the sensing component is a non-contact displacement sensor, and the system measurement value includes the displacement and frequency of the blade tip collected by the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated. and amplitude, the reference standard value includes the displacement of the blade tip collected by the non-contact displacement sensor, and the frequency and amplitude.

In some implementations, optionally, the sensing component is an eddy current sensor, and the system measurement value includes the tip clearance collected by the sensor of the tip timing measurement system to be calibrated; the reference standard The value includes the tip clearance collected by the eddy current sensor.

The calibration device and calibration method of the blade tip timing measurement system provided by this application have the following technical effects:

1. This application can be calibrated under the premise of restoring the real measurement scene, and the reference standard quantity and the quantity to be calibrated can be collected synchronously, with high reliability;

2. This application can directly collect the blade tip vibration displacement value as a reference standard with high precision;

3. The vibration excitation device designed by this application has high reliability and controllability, and is easy to operate;

4. This application solves the problem of single function and poor scalability of the existing calibration device, and improves the compatibility, scalability and usability of the device.

The idea, specific structure and technical effects of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present application.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a calibration device of a preferred embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side view of Fig. 1;

Figure 4 is an exploded schematic view of the rotating assembly;

Figure 5 is an exploded schematic view of the bracket;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of Fig. 5 under another viewing angle;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cable and the sensing component and the excitation device;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection when the wireless telemetry system is used;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a data protocol;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection when calibrating the vibration displacement of the blade tip;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of data comparison between the reference standard value and the measured value;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of connection when performing blade tip clearance calibration.

Among them, 100-rotating assembly, 110-frame, 120-power component, 130-rotor, 131-blask, 132-blade, 133-cantilever, 134 cavity, 135-cover plate, 140-slip ring, 141-turn Connector, 150-cable, 160-sensing component, 170-excitation device, 200-bracket, 210-support column, 211-support part, 212-connecting plate, 213-supporting plate, 214-rib plate, 215- Sliding part, 216-guide rail, 220-adjusting platform, 221-rotating part, 230-second slider, 231-connector, 241-first adjusting knob, 242-first locking knob, 243-second adjusting knob , 244-the second locking knob, 245-the third adjusting knob, 246-the third locking knob, 247-the fourth adjusting knob, 248-the fourth locking knob, 250-mounting frame, 300-positioning platform, 301 -Positioning hole, 400-Guide frame, 401-First column, 402-Second column, 403-Connecting rod, 404-Protruding rod, 500-Circular guide rail, 501-First slider, 600-Tip timing measurement System, 610-first sensor, 620-key phase sensor, 710-power supply, 720-signal acquisition system, 730-signal generator, 740-small power supply, 750-wireless telemetry system, 810-time stamp bit, 820-sampling Value bit, 830-channel number bit, 840-data type bit.

Detailed ways

The following describes several preferred embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to make the technical content clearer and easier to understand. The present application can be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the embodiments mentioned herein.

In the drawings, components with the same structure are denoted by the same numerals, and components with similar structures or functions are denoted by similar numerals. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the application does not limit the size and thickness of each component. In order to make the illustration clearer, the thickness of parts is appropriately exaggerated in some places in the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a calibration device for a blade tip timing measurement system includes a rotating assembly 100 and at least one bracket 200 . The rotating assembly 100 can be used to simulate the impeller in the actual use scene. The blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated is arranged on the bracket 200, and the bracket 200 is installed on the circumferential side of the rotating assembly 100, so that the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated The distance between the system 600 and the rotating assembly 100 can be kept at a preset value, which is convenient for measurement and calibration. Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the rotating assembly 100 includes a frame 110 , a power component 120 , a rotor 130 , a sensing component 160 and an excitation device 170 . The frame 110 is a supporting component of the whole calibration device, and is used to support other components. The power component 120 is mounted on the frame 110 and used to provide power to the rotor 130 . The rotor 130 is installed on the frame 110 and connected with the power output shaft of the power component 120 , and can rotate under the driving of the power component 120 . As shown in FIG. 3 , a plurality of blades 132 are arranged on the rotor 130 for simulating the blades 132 in the impeller in a real usage scenario. A plurality of blades 132 are formed protruding radially outward from the rotor 130 , and the plurality of blades 132 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the rotor 130 . A plurality of blades 132 rotate with the rotor 130, thereby simulating the rotation of the impeller in a real scene. The sensing component 160 is used to collect the running state and various motion parameters of the blade 132 , and these collected data are processed and used as a reference standard for calibration, and used in the calibration of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 . The sensing component 160 is detachably installed at a preset position of the calibration device. According to the collected parameters, different types of sensing components 160 can be selected, and correspondingly, their installation positions are also different. For example, if the vibration displacement of the blade tip is to be collected, a non-contact displacement sensor can be selected, and as shown in Figure 10, the sensing part 160 should be installed near the edge of the corresponding blade 132; if the blade tip clearance is to be collected, then An eddy current sensor can be selected, and as shown in FIG. 12 , the sensing component 160 can be installed on the bracket 200 , that is, the installation position of the first sensor 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated is the same. As shown in FIG. 4 , the excitation device 170 is arranged on each blade 132 , and the function of the excitation device 170 is to generate an excitation force to ensure that the blade 132 vibrates at any rotational speed.

In some implementations, the power component 120 may be a motor.

The rotor 130 is the main part used to simulate the impeller in the real scene. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4 , the rotor 130 includes a blisk 131 installed on the frame 110 and connected to the power component 120 , which is a supporting part 211 in the rotor 130 . The blisk 131 can rotate when driven by the power component 120 . One end of the plurality of blades 132 is connected to the blisk 131 , and the other end protrudes radially outward. In order to facilitate the installation of the sensor component 160, a plurality of cantilevers 133 can also be arranged on the blisk 131, and these cantilevers 133 correspond to the blades 132 one by one, that is, one blade 132 corresponds to one cantilever 133, and the cantilever 133 is arranged on the side of the corresponding blade 132. One end of the cantilever 133 is connected to the blisk 131 , and the other end protrudes radially outward. The sensing part 160 is installed on the cantilever 133, so that one sensing part 160 corresponds to one blade 132, the sensing part 160 is not in contact with the blade 132, does not interfere with the rotating blade 132, and can measure the blade 132 at the same time. Actual operating status, as a reference standard. At this time, the sensing part 160 can be a non-contact displacement sensor, which is arranged near the edge of the blade tip of the blade 132, and can measure the actual vibration displacement value of the blade tip as a reference standard value.

Both the sensing component 160 and the excitation device 170 in the calibration device need to be driven by the power supply 710, and the sensing component 160 and the excitation device 170 need to exchange data with external equipment. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4 , the calibration device may include a slip ring 140 and a cable 150, the slip ring 140 is connected to the top of the blisk 131 along the axial direction of the blisk 131, the slip ring 140 may be connected to the blisk 131 Spin together. The slip ring 140 can be connected to the blisk 131 through an adapter 141 , specifically, the adapter 141 is fixed to the blisk 131 by a set of bolts, and the slip ring 140 is sleeved on the adapter 141 . The cable 150 passes through the slip ring 140, one end of the cable 150 is connected to the sensing part 160, and the other end of the cable 150 is connected to an external device, for example, as shown in Figure 7, the communication between the cable 150 and the sensing part 160 A signal acquisition system 720 such as an acquisition card, an industrial computer or an embedded system is connected to realize data interaction of the sensing component 160 ; One end of the cable 150 is also connected to the excitation device 170 , and the other end is also connected to the high voltage signal generator 730 to provide excitation force for the excitation device 170 . Here, the slip ring 140 realizes the following functions: connect the sensing component 160, the excitation device 170, the power supply 710 and the signal generator 730 located in the experimental field, so as to realize the power supply to the sensing component 160 when the rotor 130 rotates, so that the excitation The device 170 generates an exciting force; and the signal acquisition system 720 is used to extract the analog signal generated by the sensor component 160 to the experimental site when the rotor 130 rotates. In some embodiments, part of the functions of the slip ring 140 can be realized in other ways. For example, as shown in FIG. The power source 740 then covers the opening of the cavity 134 with a cover plate 135 which can be bolted to the blisk 131 . As shown in FIG. 8 , the signal generated by the sensing component 160 is transmitted to the signal acquisition system 720 through the wireless telemetry system 750 , and the sensing component 160 is powered by a small power supply 740 . It should be understood that functions such as power supply and data transmission of the sensing component 160 and vibration of the excitation device 170 may also be implemented in other ways, as long as the way does not interfere with the rotation of the rotor 130 .

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 , a guide frame 400 is provided above the rotating assembly 100, and the guide frame 400 includes a first column 401, a second column 402 and a connecting rod 403, and the first column 401 and the second column 402 is oppositely disposed on both sides of the rotating assembly 100 , and the two ends of the connecting rod 403 are respectively connected to the first upright post 401 and the second upright post 402 , so that the connecting rod 403 is located above the rotating assembly 100 . Wherein, as shown in FIG. 3 , the cables 150 coming out of the slip ring 140 can be routed through the frame 110 and connected to external devices. In some implementations, some blade tip timing measurement systems 600 also include a key phase sensor 620, then the key phase sensor 620 can be installed on the guide frame 400, specifically, a protruding rod 404 can be set, one end of which is connected to The connecting rod 403 , the other end of which faces the rotor 130 , installs the key phase sensor 620 on the protruding rod 404 .

In some embodiments, the excitation device 170 can be a piezoelectric ceramic excitation device 170, and the waveform, frequency and amplitude of the excitation force generated by it can be precisely controlled by the signal generator 730, which is beneficial to solve the problems of the vibration excitation device in the prior art. Reliability, the amplitude and frequency of excitation are not easy to adjust. In some embodiments, the excitation device 170 may also be an eccentric motor.

The brackets 200 are installed beside the rotor 130, and the number thereof can be set according to actual requirements. Multiple first sensors 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated can be installed on each bracket 200 , so as to realize the calibration of multiple first sensors 610 . At the same time, as shown in FIG. 1 , multiple brackets 200 may also be provided to realize the calibration of multiple blade tip timing measurement systems 600 at the same time. In some implementations, referring to FIG. 1 , a circular guide rail 500 can be laid around the circumference of the rotating assembly 100 , and the center of the circular guide rail 500 overlaps with the center of the rotor 130 . Then at least one bracket 200 is set on the circular guide rail 500 , preferably, multiple brackets 200 can be set at the same time, and the multiple brackets 200 can be evenly arranged along the circumference of the circular guide rail 500 . This allows multiple tip timing measurement systems 600 to be calibrated simultaneously. In some embodiments, the circular guide rail 500 is provided with a first slider 501, the first slider 501 can slide along the circular guide rail 500, and the bracket 200 is arranged on the first slider 501, so that The position of the bracket 200 on the circular guide rail 500 can be adjusted conveniently.

The bracket 200 is used for installing the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated, wherein the first sensor 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 needs to correspond to the blade 132 in the rotor 130 according to a preset position. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , the bracket 200 includes a support column 210 and an adjustment platform 220 , the support column 210 is arranged vertically, and is connected to the circular guide rail 500 or the first slider 501 . The adjustment platform 220 is movably connected to the support column 210 , and the first sensor 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated is installed on the adjustment platform 220 . The supporting column 210 may include a supporting part 211 and a sliding part 215 . The supporting part 211 plays a supporting role and may include a connecting plate 212 and a supporting plate 213. The connecting plate 212 is vertically connected to the supporting plate 213, and the two are arranged at right angles. A rib plate 214 may also be provided, connected to the right-angled space between the connection plate 212 and the support plate 213 to enhance the strength of the support column 210 . The sliding part 215 is disposed on the connecting plate 212 . One adjustment platform 220 can be installed with multiple first sensors 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated. Wherein, the adjustment platform 220 is adjustable, that is, the adjustment platform 220 is movable in at least one degree of freedom. In some embodiments, adjustment platform 220 may have four degrees of freedom. Specifically, the bracket 200 may include a second slider 230 and a connecting piece 231 . The sliding part 215 is provided with a guide rail 216, the second slider 230 is slidably connected to the guide rail 216, and can move along the guide rail 216 in the first direction Z, where the first direction Z refers to the length direction of the support column 210 or its parallel direction. One end of the connecting piece 231 is connected to the second sliding block 230 , and the adjustment platform 220 is connected to the connecting piece 231 . The second slider 230 is provided with a first adjustment knob 241 and a first locking knob 242; rotating the first adjustment knob 241 can adjust the position of the second slider 230 on the support column 210, and lock the first locking knob 242, the second slider 230 is maintained at the current position; the first locking knob 242 is released to adjust the position of the second slider 230 through the first adjusting knob 241 . By adjusting the second slider 230, the position of the adjustment platform 220 along the first direction can be adjusted. The adjustment platform 220 may include a second adjustment knob 243 and a second locking knob 244. The second adjustment knob 243 is arranged on the adjustment platform 220, and can move the adjustment platform 220 along a second direction X, and the second direction X refers to the vertical first direction X. The direction Z is parallel to the radial direction of the rotor 130 . The second locking button 244 is disposed near the second adjusting knob 243 , and its function is to lock the adjusting platform 220 so that the adjusting platform 220 remains constant in the second direction X. After the second lock button 244 is released, the adjustment platform 220 can be moved by the second adjustment knob 243 . The adjustment platform 220 may further include a third adjustment knob 245 and a third locking knob 246 . The rotating part 221 is connected to the adjusting platform 220 , and the third adjusting knob 245 can make the rotating part 221 rotate in a third direction Y, and the third direction Y refers to a direction perpendicular to the first direction Z and the second direction X at the same time. The function of the third locking button 246 is to lock the rotating part 221 to keep it at a constant position in the third direction Y. The adjustment platform 220 may further include a fourth adjustment knob 247 and a fourth locking knob 248 , the fourth adjustment knob 247 can make the adjustment platform 220 rotate around its own center, that is, rotate along the fourth direction R. The mounting frame 250 is connected to the rotating part 221, and the mounting frame 250 is used for mounting the first sensor 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated. Preferably, multiple first sensors 610 can be installed on the installation frame 250 . It should be understood that the degree of freedom of the adjustment platform 220 can be set according to actual needs, that is, the adjustment platform 220 can move along one or any of the first direction Z, the second direction X, the third direction Y and the fourth direction R, that is, That is to say, any selection can be made from the above second slider 230 and four adjustment knobs to be applied on the adjustment platform 220 . By adjusting the movement of the platform 220, the position of the first sensor 610 of the tip timing measurement system 600 can be adjusted arbitrarily, so that the bracket 200 can be applied to the tip timing measurement system 600 of different specifications, and the scope of use of the calibration device is expanded .

The calibration device can be set on the ground of the experiment site, or on a positioning platform 300 . In some embodiments, the frame 110 of the calibration device is mounted on the positioning platform 300 . Multiple positioning holes 301 may be provided on the positioning platform 300 , and the frame 110 can be quickly installed and positioned by installing the frame 110 in different positioning holes 301 . In Fig. 1, the rotation axis of the rotation assembly 100 is set perpendicular to the positioning platform 300. In some embodiments, the rotation axis of the rotation platform can also be set parallel to the positioning platform 300, and the arrangement of other components can be changed accordingly, and the blade can also be realized. Calibration of spike timing measurement system 600 . This method has no essential difference in the calibration principle.

In the calibration device in this application, not only the blades for simulating the turbomachinery are installed on the rotor 130, but also the sensing part 160 is directly installed, which makes the displacement of the top of the blades 132 of the calibration device can be directly measured during the rotation process. measured, and take the directly measured value as a reference standard value, and then compare the measured value measured by the calibrated blade tip timing measurement system 600 with the reference standard value to obtain the absolute error of the measured value, thereby achieving purpose of calibration.

According to the calibration device described above, the present application also provides a calibration method.

After the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated is installed on the support 200, the excitation device 170 is turned on, and a preset excitation signal is generated by the signal generator 730 and transmitted to the excitation device 170, so that the excitation device 170 vibrates on the blade 132; Start the rotor 130 to make the rotor 130 rotate, turn on the sensing part 160 to make it collect the operation data of the blade tip, such as the vibration displacement of the blade tip, as a reference standard quantity. Turn on the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated to start working, measure the blade tip, and obtain measurement data. Process the collected operating data and measurement data. The processing process includes: encapsulating the original data according to the preset data protocol, then processing the encapsulated data, calculating the measurement error range, and completing the calibration. Data encapsulation can be completed in the data acquisition system, or in the sensing component 160 and tip timing measurement system 600, and then the encapsulated data is transmitted to a data processing system such as a computer on site for processing.

The application also designs a data protocol, which can be compatible with the data transmission of various sensors. The data protocol stipulates that each data packet has a fixed length and includes four parts, which are time stamp bits 810, sampling value bits 820, channel number bits 830, and data type bits 840. Among them, the timestamp bit 810 indicates the acquisition time of the data, and the length is 44 bits; the sampling value bit 820 is used to store the measured value of the sensor, and the length is 24 bits; the length of the channel number bit 830 is 6 bits, indicating that the data has been collected The channel number of the sensor of the item; the length of the data type bit 840 is 2 bits, which can represent the encoding of blade arrival, blade departure, sampled value, etc.

Using the data protocol and the electromechanical structure of the application can realize the synchronous measurement of various sensors. For example, when the first sensor 610, the key phase sensor 620 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated and the sensing component 160 on the device of the present application are turned on at the same time, the first sensor 610, the key phase sensor 620 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 Every time a series of data marking the arrival time of the tip is generated, each piece of time can be packaged into the data protocol proposed by this application: write the arrival time of the tip into the timestamp bit 810, and the sampling value bit 820 is not applicable, so writing Enter zero; the channel number position 830 is written into the channel where the sensor is located, and the data type position 840 is written into the code that marks the arrival of the blade 132; the sensing part 160 will produce a large amount of sampling value data, which can also be packaged into the data protocol proposed by this application: Write the sampling time into the timestamp bit 810, the sampled value data into the sampled value bit 820, the channel number bit 830 into the channel where the sensor is located, and the data type bit 840 into the code that marks this data as a sampled value. For another example, when calibrating the blade tip clearance, an eddy current sensor is selected as the sensor component 160 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600, and the data collected by it can be packaged into the data protocol proposed in this application: write the sampling time Enter the time stamp bit 810, the sampled value data is written into the sampled value bit 820, the channel number bit 830 is also written into the channel where the sensor is located, and the data type bit 840 is written to indicate that this piece of data is the code of the sampled value. The data protocol designed in this application reserves a large number of timestamp digits, so that the time data does not overflow in a relatively long time range, which facilitates subsequent analysis.

Example 1: Calibrate the tip vibration displacement, frequency and amplitude.

First, determine the calibration conditions, and connect the system as shown in Figure 10. The installation positions of the first sensor 610 and the key phase sensor 620 are adjusted according to the measurement requirements of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated.

Next, turn on the power, turn on the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated, start the sensing part 160, start the power part 120, and make the rotor 130 rotate according to the working conditions.

Next, set the parameters of the high voltage signal generator 730 , such as waveform, amplitude and frequency, etc. After completion, turn on the output switch of the high voltage signal generator 730 to drive the excitation device 170 .

The excitation device 170 generates an excitation force under the action of the driving voltage, so that the blade 132 vibrates obviously.

Turn on the data acquisition function of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated.

The first sensor 610 and key phase sensor 620 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 will generate a series of data marking the arrival time of the blade tip, and the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated will pack the data into the data protocol proposed in this application: Write the blade tip arrival time into the timestamp bit 810; the sampling value bit 820 is inapplicable, so write zero; the channel number bit 830 is written into the channel where the sensor is located; the data type bit 840 is written into the code that marks the arrival of the blade 132; Component 160 will generate a large amount of sampled value data, which can also be packaged into the data protocol proposed in this application: write the sampling time into the timestamp bit 810, the sampled value data into the sampled value bit 820, and the channel number bit 830 into the sensor location channel, the data type bit 840 is written to indicate that this piece of data is the encoding of the sampled value.

The blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated analyzes the data packets from the first sensor 610 and the key phase sensor 620, calculates the vibration displacement of the blade tip when the blade 132 reaches the sensor, and further estimates the vibration frequency and amplitude. The displacement, frequency and amplitude obtained by the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated are called system measurement values.

On the other hand, the data from the sensing component 160 directly represents the actual size of the blade tip vibration displacement, and further, the vibration frequency and amplitude can be obtained by Fourier transform method. The displacement, frequency and amplitude from the sensing part 160 are referred to as reference standard values;

Compare the measured values of the system with the reference standard values, as shown in Figure 11. The measurement error of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated is calculated, so as to determine the measurement error range of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated under a given working condition.

Change the calibration conditions as needed, and repeat the above steps until the calibration is completed.

Example 2: Calibrating the blade tip clearance

First, determine the calibration conditions, and connect the system as shown in Figure 12. Calibrating the tip clearance does not require the use of a displacement sensor, so the cantilever 133 and the sensing component 160 are removed from the blisk 131 . To increase the reliability of the calibration, more blades 132 can be installed on the blisk 131 . The sensing component 160 is selected as an eddy current sensor and installed on the bracket 200 , that is, installed at the same position as the first sensor 610 of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 .

Turn on the power supply 710, start the power unit 120, make the rotor 130 start to rotate, turn on the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated, and start to collect data.

Each sensor generates data, and the blade tip timing measurement system 600 encapsulates the data using the data protocol proposed in this application: for the first sensor 610 and the key phase sensor 620, write the blade tip arrival time into the timestamp bit 810; the sampling value bit 820 is not applicable , so write zero; the channel number bit 830 is written into the channel where the sensor is located, and the data type bit 840 is written into the code that marks the arrival of the blade 132; the eddy current sensor generates a large amount of sampling value data, and the sampling time is written into the timestamp bit 810, and the sampling time The value data is written into the sampling value bit 820, the channel number bit 830 is also written into the channel where the sensor is located, and the data type bit 840 is written to indicate that this data is the code of the sampling value.

The blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated analyzes the data packets from the first sensor 610 and the key phase sensor 620 to obtain the blade tip clearance. This tip clearance is called the system measurement.

The data from the eddy current sensor directly reflects the size of the blade tip clearance, which is used as a reference standard value.

The measurement error of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated is calculated by comparing the system measurement value with the reference standard value, so as to determine the measurement error range of the blade tip timing measurement system 600 to be calibrated under a given working condition.

The preferred specific embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present application without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present application on the basis of the prior art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

A calibration device for a blade tip timing measurement system, characterized in that it includes:

a rotating assembly and at least one bracket;

Wherein, the rotating assembly includes:

frame;

power components mounted on said frame;

The rotor is installed on the frame and connected with the power part, the rotor is configured to be able to rotate under the drive of the power part; the rotor is provided with a plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are evenly distributed on the circumference of the rotor and protruding radially outward from the rotor;

a sensing component, detachably mounted at a preset position of the calibration device, and configured to detect the tip vibration displacement or tip clearance of the corresponding blade;

An excitation device is provided on each of the plurality of blades, and the excitation device is configured to enable the corresponding blade to vibrate at any rotational speed;

Wherein, the bracket is arranged on one side of the rotating assembly, and the bracket is configured to be able to install a blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated.
The calibration device according to claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises:

a blisk, mounted on the frame and connected to the power component, and configured to be able to rotate driven by the power component; wherein, one end of the plurality of blades is connected to the blisk;

A plurality of cantilever arms, the plurality of cantilever arms are evenly distributed on the circumference of the blisk, and protrude radially outward from the blisk; wherein, each of the plurality of cantilever arms is provided with the transmission sensing components, so that one sensing component corresponds to one blade.
The calibration device according to claim 2, wherein the sensing component is a non-contact displacement sensor, and the sensing component is arranged near the edge of the corresponding blade.
The calibration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the calibration device further comprises a slip ring and a cable, the slip ring is connected to the blisk along the axial direction of the blisk, and the cable One end is connected to the excitation device, and the other end extends to the outside of the calibration device under the guidance of the slip ring and is configured to be connected to a signal generator.
The calibration device according to claim 4, wherein one end of the cable is also connected to the sensing component, and the other end is configured to be connected to a power supply and a signal acquisition system.
The calibration device according to claim 4, wherein a cavity is provided on the blisk, and the rotor further includes a cover plate, the cover plate is connected to the blisk and covers the cavity of the blisk. At the opening, a power supply and a wireless telemetry system are arranged in the cavity, and the power supply and the wireless telemetry system are respectively connected to the sensing component.
The calibration device according to claim 1, wherein the calibration device further comprises a circular guide rail surrounding the periphery of the rotating assembly, the center of the circular guide rail overlaps with the center of the rotor, and the at least A bracket is arranged on the circular guide rail.
The calibration device according to claim 7, wherein the at least one bracket comprises a plurality of brackets, and the plurality of brackets are evenly arranged on the circular guide rail along the circumferential direction of the circular guide rail.
The calibration device according to claim 7, wherein the bracket is connected to a first slider, the first slider is connected to the circular guide rail, and the first slider is configured to be able to move along The circular rail slides.
The calibration device according to claim 1, wherein the support includes a support column and an adjustment platform, the support column is vertically arranged, the adjustment platform is movably connected to the column, and the blade tip to be calibrated The first sensor of the timing measurement system is mounted on the adjustment platform, which is arranged with at least one degree of freedom.
The calibration device according to claim 10, wherein the bracket comprises a second slider, a first connecting piece, a first adjustment knob and a first locking knob, and the second slider is arranged on the support The column is configured to be able to move on the support column along a first direction, the first direction refers to the length direction of the support column; one end of the first connecting member is connected to the second slider, The adjustment platform is connected to the first connecting member; the first adjustment knob and the first locking knob are arranged on the second slider, and the first adjustment knob and the first locking knob The knob is configured to rotate the first adjustment knob when the first locking knob is loosened so that the second slider can move along the support column; when the first locking knob is locked , the second slider is kept at the current position.
The calibration device according to claim 10, wherein the adjustment platform further comprises a second adjustment knob and a second locking knob, and the second adjustment knob is configured to be able to adjust the adjustment platform along a second direction. displacement, the second locking button is configured to lock the adjustment platform so that the adjustment platform is fixed in the second direction; the second direction refers to the length direction perpendicular to the column and direction parallel to the radial direction of the rotor.
The calibration device according to claim 10, wherein the adjustment platform further comprises a third adjustment knob and a third locking knob, and the third adjustment knob is configured to be able to adjust the adjustment platform along a third direction. displacement, the third locking button is configured to lock the adjustment platform so that the adjustment platform is fixed in the third direction; the third direction refers to the length direction perpendicular to the column and The direction perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotor.
The calibration device according to claim 10, wherein the adjustment platform further comprises a rotating part, a fourth adjusting knob and a fourth locking knob, the rotating part is rotatably connected to the adjusting platform, and the first The four adjusting knobs are configured to be able to adjust the rotation of the rotating part along its center, and the fourth locking knob is configured to be able to lock the rotating part so that the rotating part is fixed.
The calibration device according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning platform, the rotation assembly is arranged on the positioning platform, the rotation axis of the rotation assembly is perpendicular to the positioning platform, or the rotation assembly of the rotation assembly The axis of rotation is parallel to the positioning platform.
A calibration method for a blade tip timing measurement system, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Turn on the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated, and start the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated;

Open the excitation device, so that the blades of the calibration device vibrate under the action of the excitation device;

making the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated collect first data, and encapsulate the first data according to a data protocol;

making the sensing part of the calibration device collect second data, and encapsulating the second data according to the data protocol;

analyzing the first data to obtain system measurement values;

analyzing the second data to obtain a reference standard value;

The measurement error of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated is calculated according to the system measurement value and the reference standard.
The calibration method according to claim 16, wherein the data protocol comprises:

Timestamp bits, sample value bits, channel number bits, and data type bits.
The calibration method according to claim 17, wherein the step of encapsulating the first data comprises:

Write the arrival time of the leaf tip into the timestamp bits;

write the sample value bits to zero;

writing the number of the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated for collecting the first data into the channel number;

writing an encoding representing the arrival of the blade into the data type bits;

The step of encapsulating the second data includes:

Writing the sampling time of the sensing component into the timestamp bit;

Write the serial number of the sensing component into the channel number position;

Writing the sampling value of the sensing component into the sampling value bit;

Writing a code indicating that the second data is a sample value into the data type bit.
The calibration method according to claim 16, wherein the sensing component is a non-contact displacement sensor, and the measured value of the system includes the blade tip collected by the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated displacement, frequency and amplitude, the reference standard value includes the displacement of the blade tip collected by the non-contact displacement sensor, and the displacement of the blade tip collected by the non-contact displacement sensor after Fourier transform The resulting frequency and amplitude.
The calibration method according to claim 16, wherein the sensing component is an eddy current sensor, and the system measurement value includes the blade tip clearance collected by the sensor of the blade tip timing measurement system to be calibrated; The reference standard value includes the blade tip clearance collected by the eddy current sensor.