WO2022250049A1 - 試料ホルダ及びインピーダンス顕微鏡 - Google Patents
試料ホルダ及びインピーダンス顕微鏡 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022250049A1 WO2022250049A1 PCT/JP2022/021239 JP2022021239W WO2022250049A1 WO 2022250049 A1 WO2022250049 A1 WO 2022250049A1 JP 2022021239 W JP2022021239 W JP 2022021239W WO 2022250049 A1 WO2022250049 A1 WO 2022250049A1
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- insulating film
- electrode
- conductive
- sample
- film
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/20—Means for supporting or positioning the object or the material; Means for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
- G01N23/2251—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion using incident electron beams, e.g. scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/09—Diaphragms; Shields associated with electron or ion-optical arrangements; Compensation of disturbing fields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/24—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to sample holders and impedance microscopes.
- Optical microscopes using visible light are widely used as devices for observing samples such as organic substances.
- the spatial resolution of optical microscopes is limited to about 200 nm by the diffraction limit of visible light.
- electron microscopes using electron beams with shorter wavelengths than visible light are used.
- the surface of the sample must be coated with gold, platinum, etc., or the sample must be dyed with heavy metals in order to reduce the damage caused by the electron beam. is common. Even if these pretreatments are performed, the image obtained by the electron microscope contains many artifacts, and it is not easy to obtain a high-contrast image. It is also difficult to analyze the composition of the sample from the acquired image.
- Patent Document 1 A method described in Patent Document 1 is known as a technique for obtaining a high-contrast image without performing the above-described preprocessing.
- an organic sample is placed together with an aqueous solution between a first insulating thin film and a second insulating thin film, and a conductive thin film formed on the first insulating thin film is pulsed.
- a pulsed electron beam with varying intensity is scanned, an image of the organic sample is generated based on the potential change on the outward surface of the second insulating thin film, and the difference between the images corresponding to the pulsed electron beam is used to determine the image of the organic sample.
- a compositional analysis is described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes an electrochemical impedance method that evaluates the electrical characteristics of a sample based on the impedance of the sample.
- Impedance microscopes described in Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 2 are known as a technique using the electrochemical impedance method.
- Impedance microscopes described in Patent Literature 2 and Non-Patent Literature 2 include a sample holder that holds a sample.
- the sample holder includes a first insulating thin film, a second insulating thin film facing the first insulating thin film, a conductive thin film formed on the first insulating thin film, and a second insulating film. and an electrode facing the thin film.
- a sample is placed together with an aqueous solution between the first insulating thin film and the second insulating thin film of the sample holder, an AC signal is applied to the electrodes, and an electron beam is scanned and irradiated to the conductive thin film. . Then, by analyzing the signal detected by the conductive thin film, the impedance characteristics of the sample can be observed with micro-level or nano-level resolution.
- the AC signal propagation path between the electrode and the conductive thin film includes not only the area between the electrode and the observation window for observing the sample, but also the area between the electrode and the non-observation area that does not contribute to the observation of the sample. It is also formed in the area in between.
- the signal component propagated to the conductive thin film through the non-observation region becomes noise and offset components, causing a relative decrease in the intensity of the signal component propagated through the path between the electrode and the observation window. Therefore, in this type of impedance microscope, noise components are included in the signal detected by the conductive thin film, and the contrast and spatial resolution of the image may be degraded.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a sample holder for an impedance microscope and an impedance microscope that can reduce noise components included in detection signals.
- a sample holder for an impedance microscope includes: a first insulating film having a front surface and a back surface; a second insulating film having a front surface and a back surface facing the back surface of the first insulating film; an electrode arranged opposite to the back surface of the second insulating film; and a conductive member fixed to a ground potential or a constant potential, wherein the conductive member comprises the first insulating film It has an opening located between the membrane and the electrode.
- a conductive member connected to a ground potential or a constant DC potential blocks an electric field by an electrostatic shielding action. Limited to the area where the opening is formed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the spread of the electric field and to suppress the formation of an AC signal path between the electrode and the region that does not contribute to observation. As a result, noise components included in signals detected by the conductive film can be reduced.
- the conductive member may be arranged to surround the electrodes. Also, the conductive member may be arranged on the back surface side of the second insulating film. The conductive member may be arranged between the first insulating film and the second insulating film.
- the sample holder further comprises a frame member disposed on the surface of the first insulating film and defining an observation window therein for observing the sample, the conductive member having an AC signal applied to the electrode.
- the electrostatic shielding action may suppress the spread of the electric field to the outside of the observation window.
- the electrode may have a long shape extending toward the second insulating film, and the opening of the conductive member may be positioned between the observation window and the tip of the electrode on the second insulating film side.
- An impedance microscope includes a first insulating film having a front surface and a back surface, and a second insulating film having a front surface and a back surface facing the back surface of the first insulating film, wherein the first insulating film and the second insulating film a second insulating film having a space between which a sample is arranged; a conductive film arranged on the surface of the first insulating film; and an electrode arranged to face the back surface of the second insulating film.
- a conductive member fixed to a ground potential or a constant potential a beam irradiation unit that scans the conductive film while irradiating it with a beam, a power supply that applies an AC signal to the electrodes, and a beam that scans the conductive film.
- an image generator that generates an image of the sample based on the AC signal guided to the conductive film when an AC signal is applied to the electrode while the conductive member is the first insulating film and the electrode. It has an opening located therebetween.
- the noise component of the signal detected by the conductive film can be reduced.
- image contrast and spatial resolution can be improved.
- the impedance microscope of one embodiment further comprises a frame member disposed on the surface of the first insulating film and defining an observation window therein for observing the sample; When applied to form an electric field between the electrode and the conductive film, the electrostatic shielding action may suppress the spread of the electric field to the outside of the observation window.
- the electrode may have a long shape extending toward the second insulating film, and the opening of the conductive member may be positioned between the observation window and the tip of the electrode on the second insulating film side.
- a sample holder for an impedance microscope includes an electrode connected to a power supply, a first insulating film having a front surface and a back surface, and a first insulating film disposed on the surface of the first insulating film for observing a sample inside thereof.
- a frame member defining the observation window of the frame member; a conductive film in contact with the surface of the first insulating film inside the frame member; and a second insulating film disposed between the electrode and the back surface of the first insulating film.
- the second insulating film forming an accommodation space for placing the sample between the first insulating film and the second insulating film; a conductive member that suppresses the spread of the electric field to the outside of the observation window by an electrostatic shielding action when the is formed.
- the electrostatic shielding action of the conductive member can suppress the spread of the electric field outside the observation window, which does not contribute to the observation of the sample. components can be reduced.
- the electrode has an elongated shape extending toward the second insulating film, and the conductive member has an opening positioned between the observation window and the tip of the electrode on the second insulating film side.
- noise components included in detection signals can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an impedance microscope including a sample holder according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an impedance microscope including a sample holder according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an impedance microscope including a sample holder according to a fourth embodiment
- (a) is an amplitude image acquired in the experimental example
- (b) is a phase image acquired in the experimental example.
- (a) is an amplitude image obtained in a comparative experimental example
- (b) is a phase image obtained in a comparative experimental example.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an impedance microscope including a sample holder according to the first embodiment.
- An impedance microscope 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an observation device that generates an image (impedance image) of a sample based on impedance information.
- the impedance microscope 1 includes a sample holder 10 arranged on the stage of the impedance microscope 1 and holding a sample 2 which is an object to be observed.
- the sample holder 10 includes a first insulating film 11, a second insulating film 12, an electrode 13, a conductive film 14 and a conductive member 15. These first insulating film 11 , second insulating film, electrode 13 , conductive film 14 and conductive member 15 are housed inside the outer frame 16 .
- the outer frame 16 may include an upper portion 16a and a lower portion 16b.
- the upper portion 16a is made of a conductor such as aluminum
- the lower portion 16b is made of an insulator such as acrylic resin.
- the upper portion 16a and the lower portion 16b may be integrally made of the same material.
- An opening is formed in the upper portion of the outer frame body 16 .
- the first insulating film 11 is arranged so as to close the upper opening of the outer frame 16 .
- the first insulating film 11 has a front surface 11a and a back surface 11b.
- the surface 11a of the first insulating film 11 faces the upper opening side of the outer frame 16, and the back surface 11b of the first insulating film 11 is provided on the side opposite to the surface 11a.
- the second insulating film 12 has a front surface 12 a and a rear surface 12 b and is arranged below the first insulating film 11 .
- the surface 12a of the second insulating film 12 is arranged to face the back surface 11b of the first insulating film 11, and the back surface 12b of the second insulating film 12 is provided on the opposite side of the surface 12a. That is, the second insulating film 12 faces the first insulating film 11 .
- the first insulating film 11 and the second insulating film 12 are made of a material having high insulation and high voltage resistance, such as silicon nitride
- sample 2 is placed in the housing space S together with an aqueous solution 3 .
- the sample 2 may be, for example, an organic substance sample such as bacteria, viruses, proteins, and protein complexes, or may be particles composed of ceramics, metals, or the like. Sample 2 may also be liquid foods such as milk and mayonnaise, cosmetics such as sunscreen and hand cream, or industrial lubricating oils such as machine oil and gear oil.
- a rectangular frame-shaped frame member 17 is arranged on the first insulating film 11 .
- the frame member 17 defines an observation window 7 for observing the sample 2 inside thereof.
- the conductive film 14 is arranged on the surface 11a of the first insulating film 11 with the frame member 17 interposed therebetween.
- the conductive film 14 is a conductive thin film and is made of metal such as tungsten.
- the conductive film 14 is formed on the surface 11a of the first insulating film 11 by sputtering, for example. As shown in FIG. 1, the conductive film 14 is in contact with the surface 11a of the first insulating film 11 in the inner region of the observation window 7, and the conductive film 14 is in contact with the first insulating film 11 via the frame member 17 in the outer region of the observation window 7. As shown in FIG. It may be spaced apart from the surface 11 a of the insulating film 11 .
- the electrode 13 is arranged below the second insulating film 12 .
- the electrode 13 is an elongated conductive member, with its distal end disposed inside the outer frame 16 and its proximal end disposed outside the outer frame 16 . It is inserted inside the outer frame body 16 as shown. Therefore, the electrode 13 extends toward the second insulating film 12 and its tip faces the rear surface 12 b of the second insulating film 12 .
- the electrode 13 is fixed to the bottom of the outer frame 16 via an insulating member. Electrode 13 receives an AC signal from power supply 24 to generate an electric field 5 between electrode 13 in sample holder 10 and conductive film 14, as described below.
- the conductive member 15 is arranged below the second insulating film 12 and spaced apart from the second insulating film 12 . That is, the conductive member 15 is arranged on the bottom of the outer frame 16 .
- the conductive member 15 has a substantially flat plate shape or a disk shape, and is made of a conductive material such as aluminum or copper.
- the conductive member 15 is electrically grounded and fixed at ground potential.
- the conductive member 15 may be connected to a DC voltage and fixed at a constant potential.
- a first insulating film 11 and a second insulating film 12 are supported on the conductive member 15 with a sealing member 18 interposed therebetween.
- the sealing member 18 is an O-ring, for example, and seals the housing space S from the external space of the sample holder 10 .
- the conductive member 15 is arranged so as to surround the electrode 13 .
- a gap is formed between the electrode 13 and the conductive member 15 , and the conductive member 15 is electrically insulated from the electrode 13 .
- a through hole 15h is formed in a substantially central portion of the conductive member 15 so as to penetrate the conductive member 15 in the vertical direction. The tip of the electrode 13 is inserted into the through hole 15h.
- An opening 15 a on the conductive film 14 side (upper side) of the through hole 15 h is located between the first insulating film 11 and the electrode 13 . More specifically, the opening 15a is formed at a position overlapping at least a portion of the observation window 7 when viewed from above and below.
- the opening 15 a of the conductive member 15 is located between the observation window 7 and the tip of the electrode 13 .
- the conductive member 15 has the function of limiting (restricting) the area of the electric field 5 formed between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 .
- the opening 15 a of the conductive member 15 is sized to confine the area of the electric field 5 inside the viewing window 7 .
- the conductive member 15 is interposed between the electrode 13 and the non-observation area 8 to be described later around the opening 15 a to block the path of the AC signal from the electrode 13 to the non-observation area 8 .
- the impedance microscope 1 further includes a beam irradiation section 22 , a power supply 24 , a processing section 30 and a control section 40 .
- the beam irradiation unit 22 is provided above the sample holder 10 , and scans the beam 6 in two-dimensional directions along the surface of the conductive film 14 while irradiating the conductive film 14 with the beam 6 . More specifically, the beam irradiator 22 scans the beam 6 over the area arranged in the observation window 7 on the surface of the conductive film 14 .
- the observation window 7 is an area for observing the sample 2 .
- a non-observation area 8 that does not contribute to observation of the sample 2 is formed outside the observation window 7 .
- An electron beam, laser, or charged particle beam for example, is used as the beam 6 emitted from the beam irradiation unit 22 .
- charged particle beams include ion beams, neutron beams, and positron beams.
- the beam irradiation section 22 includes, for example, an electron gun and a deflection coil. The electron gun continuously emits a converged electron beam to the conductive film 14 , and the polarizing coil changes the trajectory of the electron beam to scan the electron beam along the surface of the conductive film 14 .
- a reduced insulation region 20 is formed in which the insulation is substantially reduced. That is, the impedance of the first insulating film 11 locally changes at the position immediately below the beam irradiation position.
- a first terminal of the power supply 24 is electrically connected to the electrode 13 .
- a second terminal of the power supply 24 is grounded.
- the power supply 24 is, for example, a function generator that generates an AC signal (AC voltage) and applies the AC signal to the electrodes 13 .
- the AC signal applied from the power supply 24 to the electrode 13 has an arbitrary frequency, for example, 20 Hz or more and 10 GHz or less.
- the frequency of the AC signal is appropriately set according to the number of pixels of the image to be generated by the impedance microscope 1 and the imaging time.
- the electric field 5 is an alternating electric field whose direction changes periodically according to the frequency of the alternating signal applied to the electrodes 13 .
- the electric field 5 has a pattern that spreads radially from the tip of the electrode 13 toward the conductive film 14 .
- a displacement current flows between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 when the electric field 5 fluctuates between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 . That is, an AC signal is propagated from the electrode 13 to the conductive film 14 .
- a propagation path of an AC signal from the electrode 13 to the conductive film 14 is formed within the region where the electric field 5 is formed.
- the conductive member 15 since the conductive member 15 is electrically grounded, it blocks the electric field 5 by electrostatic shielding action. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the electric field 5 does not pass through the conductive member 15, but passes through the opening 15a located between the first insulating film 11 and the electrode 13. FIG. This suppresses the spread of the electric field 5 to the non-observation area 8 that does not contribute to the observation of the sample. As a result, the AC signal between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 mainly propagates along the path between the electrode 13 and the observation window 7, and propagates along the path between the electrode 13 and the non-observation area 8. is suppressed.
- the control unit 40 is a computer equipped with a processor, storage device, input device, display device, communication device, etc., and controls the operation of the entire impedance microscope 1 .
- the control unit 40 implements various functions by, for example, loading a program stored in a storage device and executing the loaded program by a processor.
- the operator can use the input device to input commands and the like to manage the impedance microscope 1, and the display device can visualize and display the operational status of the impedance microscope 1. can.
- control unit 40 is communicably connected to the beam irradiation unit 22 and the power supply 24 and controls the operations of the beam irradiation unit 22 and the power supply 24 .
- control unit 40 controls the beam irradiation unit 22 to control ON/OFF of the output of the beam 6 and the irradiation position.
- control unit 40 controls the power supply 24 to control the application of the AC signal to the electrode 13 and the stop of the application.
- the processing section 30 includes an AC amplifier 31, a lock-in amplifier 32, an impedance measuring section 34a, an amplitude measuring section 34b, a phase measuring section 34c, and an image generating section 35.
- the AC amplifier 31 detects and amplifies the AC signal propagated from the electrode 13 to the conductive film 14 and outputs it to the lock-in amplifier 32 .
- the lock-in amplifier 32 receives the AC signal of the power supply 24 as a reference signal, extracts only the frequency component of the AC signal of the power supply 24 from the detection signal output from the AC amplifier 31, and extracts only the frequency component of the AC signal of the detection signal. and the value of the imaginary part are output as the output signal 33 .
- An output signal 33 output from the lock-in amplifier 32 is output to an impedance measuring section 34a, an amplitude measuring section 34b, and a phase measuring section 34c. Since the impedance is an AC resistance component, it can be calculated using Ohm's law from the voltage component of the AC signal of the power supply 24 and the current signal component extracted by the lock-in amplifier 32 .
- the intensity of the output signal 33 changes according to the impedance of the AC signal propagation path.
- the aqueous solution 3 is water
- the aqueous solution 3 has a relative dielectric constant of about 80, which is relatively high. Therefore, when only the aqueous solution 3 exists between the electrode 13 and the reduced insulation region 20 in the housing space S, the impedance between the electrode 13 and the reduced insulation region 20 becomes small, and the attenuation of the AC signal becomes small. . Therefore, the amplitude of the output signal 33 output from the lock-in amplifier 32 is increased.
- the sample 2 is a biological sample composed of amino acids, lipids, etc.
- the sample has a low dielectric constant of about 2-5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, when the sample 2 exists between the electrode 13 and the reduced insulation region 20 in the housing space S, the impedance between the electrode 13 and the reduced insulation region 20 increases, Increased signal attenuation. Therefore, the amplitude of the output signal 33 output from the lock-in amplifier 32 is reduced.
- the impedance measurement unit 34a calculates impedance information based on the output signal 33.
- FIG. the amplitude measuring section 34b and the phase measuring section 34c acquire amplitude information and phase information based on the output signal.
- a method for calculating impedance information, amplitude information and phase information from the output signal 33 is known as described in Non-Patent Document 2, for example.
- the calculated impedance information, amplitude information and phase information are output to the image generator 35 .
- the image generator 35 generates an image (impedance image, amplitude image and phase image) of the sample 2 based on the impedance information, amplitude information and phase information corresponding to the irradiation position of the beam 6 .
- the beam 6 is two-dimensionally scanned within the designated range of the observation window 7 .
- the image generator 35 forms an image of the sample 2 by plotting the amplitude and phase values of the impedance corresponding to the irradiation position of the beam at each position (pixel) on the two-dimensional image corresponding to the irradiation position of the beam 6. .
- the impedance measurement unit 34a may individually measure resistance, inductance, and conductance as the impedance information, and the image generation unit 35 may generate images regarding the resistance, inductance, and conductance individually.
- the impedance information, amplitude information and phase information change depending on the compositions of the sample 2 and the aqueous solution 3 present on the propagation path of the AC signal. contains information about the composition of sample 2 as well as the shape of Therefore, the image generated by the image generator 35 can be used for composition analysis of the sample 2 .
- the intensity of the output signal 33 changes according to the impedance of the substance existing between the electrode 13 and the insulation-reduced region 20 .
- the impedance value increases when the sample 2 exists between the electrode 13 and the reduced insulation region 20, and decreases when the sample 2 does not exist between the electrode 13 and the reduced insulation region 20.
- the impedance microscope 1 forms an image corresponding to the irradiation position of the beam 6 based on such changes in impedance value, and the sample 2 can be observed as an image.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an impedance microscope 100 having a conventional sample holder 101.
- FIG. 2 the electric field 5 formed between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 has a pattern that spreads radially from the tip of the electrode 13 toward the conductive film 14. Therefore, in the impedance microscope 100, the electric field 5 spreads over the sample holder 10 , and AC signal paths are formed not only between the electrode 13 and the observation window 7 but also between the electrode 13 and the non-observation area 8 .
- the AC signal propagated to the conductive film 14 through the path between the electrode 13 and the non-observation area 8 is noise and offset components that do not contribute to the observation of the sample 2, and is the path between the electrode 13 and the observation window 7. relatively reduce the strength of signal components propagated through . These noise or offset components are factors that reduce the contrast and resolution of the image generated by the image generator 35 .
- the sample holder 10 includes a conductive member 15 having an opening 15a. Since this conductive member 15 is connected to the ground potential, it interrupts the electric field 5 by electrostatic shielding action. Therefore, the electric field 5 formed between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 can pass only through the portion where the opening 15a is formed, and the region where the electric field 5 is formed is limited. Since the opening 15a of the conductive member 15 is formed between the first insulating film 11 and the electrode 13, in the sample holder 10, the spread of the electric field 5 to the non-observation region 8 that does not contribute to the observation of the sample 2 is suppressed. It is suppressed, and the area where the electric field 5 is formed is limited to the vicinity of the observation window 7 . With such a configuration, the SN ratio of the signal detected by the conductive film 14 can be improved, and as a result, the impedance microscope 1 can obtain a high-contrast image. Therefore, the spatial resolution of the impedance microscope 1 can be enhanced.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the impedance microscope 1 including the sample holder 10A according to the second embodiment.
- the sample holder 10A is different from the sample holder 10 shown in FIG. 1 in that the conductive member 15 is arranged on the back surface 12b side of the second insulating film 12.
- FIG. Differences from the sample holder 10 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described below, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted.
- the conductive member 15 of the sample holder 10A is in contact with the rear surface 12b of the second insulating film 12.
- the conductive member 15 is supported on the sealing member 18 together with the first insulating film 11 and the second insulating film 12 .
- the conductive member 15 is electrically grounded and fixed at ground potential.
- the conductive member 15 is separated from the electrode 13 with a gap and is electrically insulated from the electrode 13 .
- a through hole 15h is formed in a substantially central portion of the conductive member 15 so as to penetrate the conductive member 15 in the vertical direction.
- An upper opening 15 a of the through hole 15 h is located between the first insulating film 11 and the electrode 13 .
- the electric field 5 is formed between the conductive film 14 and the electrode 13 by suppressing the spread of the electric field to the non-observation area 8 that does not contribute to the observation of the specimen 2 by the electrostatic shielding action of the conductive member 15.
- the position where the light is detected is limited to the region between the electrode 13 and the observation window 7 . Therefore, it is possible to reduce the noise component contained in the signal detected in the conductive film 14, and obtain a high-contrast image.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the impedance microscope 1 including the sample holder 10B according to the third embodiment. Differences from the sample holder 10 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described below, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted.
- the sample holder 10B has a flat electrode 13. As shown in FIG. 4, the sample holder 10B has a flat electrode 13. As shown in FIG. The electrode 13 is in contact with the rear surface 12b of the second insulating film 12 and faces the rear surface 11b of the first insulating film 11 with the second insulating film 12 interposed therebetween. The electrode 13 receives an AC signal from the power supply 24 to form an electric field 5 between the conductive film 14 and the electrode 13 .
- the conductive member 15 is arranged on the surface 12a of the second insulating film 12. As shown in FIG. That is, the conductive member 15 is arranged between the first insulating film 11 and the second insulating film 12 . In order to ensure insulation between the aqueous solution 3 and the conductive member 15, the surface of the conductive member 15 is formed with an insulating coat layer 42 made of an insulating material. The conductive member 15 is connected to a DC power supply 44 . Thereby, the conductive member 15 is fixed at a constant potential.
- a through hole 15h is formed in the substantially central portion of the conductive member 15 so as to penetrate the conductive member 15 in the vertical direction.
- An upper opening 15 a of the through hole 15 h is located between the first insulating film 11 and the electrode 13 . Since the conductive member 15 fixed at a constant potential blocks the electric field by electrostatic shielding action, the area where the electric field 5 is formed between the electrode 13 and the conductive film 14 is the area where the opening 15a is formed. is limited to
- the conductive film 14 of the sample holder 10B is connected to the DC power supply 46 via the AC amplifier 31.
- the DC power supply 46 improves the sensitivity of the output signal 33 detected by the lock-in amplifier 32 by applying a bias voltage to the conductive film 14 .
- the sample holder 10B suppresses the spread of the electric field 5 to the non-observation area 8 that does not contribute to the observation of the sample 2 by the electrostatic shielding action of the conductive member 15, thereby limiting the area where the electric field 5 is formed. Limited to the vicinity of the observation window 7.
- the sample holder 10B since the sample holder 10B has the conductive member 15 arranged close to the first insulating film 11, the range of the electric field 5 can be precisely controlled so that the electric field 5 is radiated only to the observation window 7. can be done. By using this sample holder 10B, it is possible to reduce the noise component of the output signal 33 and obtain a high-contrast image.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an impedance microscope 1 including a sample holder 10C according to the fourth embodiment. Differences from the sample holder 10 according to the first embodiment will be mainly described below, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted.
- the sample holder 10C has a plurality of electrodes 13.
- a plurality of electrodes 13 are arranged below the second insulating film 12 , and the tip of each electrode 13 is arranged to face the rear surface 12 b of the second insulating film 12 .
- the plurality of electrodes 13 may be arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally under the second insulating film 12 .
- the conductive member 15 is arranged to surround the plurality of electrodes 13 , and the openings 15 a of the conductive member 15 are positioned between the first insulating film 11 and the plurality of electrodes 13 .
- These multiple electrodes 13 are connected to multiple power sources 24, respectively.
- the plurality of power sources 24 apply AC signals of different frequencies to the plurality of electrodes 13 .
- an electric field 5 is formed between the electrodes 13 and the conductive film 14 in the sample holder 10C.
- the conductive member 15 limits the area where the electric field 5 is formed to the area where the opening 15a is formed.
- AC signals are propagated from the electrodes 13 to the conductive film 14 .
- the AC signal propagated to the conductive film 14 contains multiple frequency components applied by multiple power supplies 24 .
- the processing unit 30 includes an AC amplifier 31, a plurality of image generation units 35, a plurality of bandpass filters 36, and a three-dimensional reconstruction unit 38.
- the AC amplifier 31 amplifies the AC signal propagated through the conductive film 14 and outputs the amplified AC signal to the plurality of bandpass filters 36 .
- a plurality of bandpass filters 36 separate the signal output from the AC amplifier 31 into a plurality of frequency components.
- the image generator 35 acquires impedance information of each frequency component and generates an image of the sample 2 for each frequency component.
- Each of the plurality of images generated by the plurality of image generation units 35 is a tilt image corresponding to the angle connecting each position of the plurality of electrodes 13 and the position of the reduced insulation region 20 .
- this sample holder 10C by applying AC signals of mutually different frequencies to the plurality of electrodes 13, a plurality of tilt images can be generated by scanning the beam 6 once.
- a plurality of tilt images generated in this manner are output to the three-dimensional reconstruction unit 38 .
- the three-dimensional reconstruction unit 38 reconstructs a three-dimensional image of the sample 2 by combining these multiple tilt images.
- the sample holder 10C can reduce the noise component of the output signal and obtain a high-contrast image. Furthermore, in this sample holder 10C, by applying AC signals of mutually different frequencies to the plurality of electrodes 13, it is possible to generate a plurality of tilt images by scanning the beam 6 once. Therefore, the three-dimensional structure analysis of the sample 2 can be performed in a short time.
- the sample 2 was observed using the impedance microscope 1 shown in FIG.
- a bead with a diameter of 1 .mu.m placed together with the aqueous solution 3 on the back surface 11b side of the first insulating film 11 was used.
- Water was used as the aqueous solution 3 .
- a 50 nm-thick SiN thin film having a 10 nm-thick tungsten conductive film 14 formed on the surface 11a was used as the first insulating film.
- the size of the observation window 7 was 0.4 mm ⁇ 0.4 mm.
- a sinusoidal signal of 500 kHz was applied to the electrode 13 .
- FIG. 6(a) is an amplitude image acquired in the experimental example
- FIG. 6(b) is a phase image acquired in the experimental example.
- FIG. 7(a) is an amplitude image acquired in a comparative experimental example
- FIG. 7(b) is a phase image acquired in a comparative experimental example.
- the comparative experimental example differs from the experimental example in that the conductive member 15 is not provided.
- Other experimental conditions of the comparative experimental example were the same as those of the experimental example.
- the amplitude image and the phase image obtained in the experimental example have little noise and clearly show the sample.
- the amplitude image and the phase image shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b) have a lot of noise, and the image of the sample is totally blurred and unclear.
- sample holders and impedance microscopes according to various embodiments have been described above, they are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without changing the gist of the invention.
- the AC amplifier 31 is connected to the conductive film 14 and detects an AC signal propagated from the electrode 13 to the conductive film 14.
- the AC amplifier 31 is connected to the electrode 13, Alternating current signals may be detected at the electrodes 13 . Again, a high contrast image can be generated from the detected AC signal.
- the sample 2 does not have to be placed in the aqueous solution 3, and may be placed in a substance having a different dielectric constant from that of the sample 2 or in vacuum. Even in this case, an image of the sample 2 can be generated from the difference in dielectric constant. It should be noted that the various embodiments described above can be combined without contradiction.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態に係る試料ホルダを含むインピーダンス顕微鏡を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示すインピーダンス顕微鏡1は、インピーダンス情報に基づいて試料の画像(インピーダンス画像)を生成する観察装置である。インピーダンス顕微鏡1は、当該インピーダンス顕微鏡1のステージ上に配置され、観察対象物である試料2を保持する試料ホルダ10を備えている。
次に、図3を参照して、第2実施形態に係る試料ホルダについて説明する。図3は、第2実施形態に係る試料ホルダ10Aを含むインピーダンス顕微鏡1を模式的に示す断面図である。試料ホルダ10Aは、導電性部材15が第2絶縁膜12の裏面12b側に配置されている点で図1に示す試料ホルダ10と相違する。以下では、第1実施形態に係る試料ホルダ10との相違点について主に説明し、重複する説明は省略する。
次に、第3実施形態に係る試料ホルダについて説明する。図4は、第3実施形態に係る試料ホルダ10Bを含むインピーダンス顕微鏡1を模式的に示す断面図である。以下では、第1実施形態に係る試料ホルダ10との相違点について主に説明し、重複する説明は省略する。
次に、第4実施形態に係る試料ホルダについて説明する。図5は、第4実施形態に係る試料ホルダ10Cを含むインピーダンス顕微鏡1を模式的に示す断面図である。以下では、第1実施形態に係る試料ホルダ10との相違点について主に説明し、重複する説明は省略する。
Claims (11)
- インピーダンス顕微鏡用の試料ホルダであって、
表面及び裏面を有する第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜の前記裏面に対向する表面及び裏面を有する第2絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜の前記表面上に配置された導電膜と、
前記第2絶縁膜の前記裏面に対向して配置された電極と、
接地電位又は一定の電位に固定された導電性部材と、
を備え、
前記導電性部材は、前記第1絶縁膜と前記電極との間に位置する開口を有する、試料ホルダ。 - 前記導電性部材は、前記電極の周りを囲むように配置されている、請求項1に記載の試料ホルダ。
- 前記導電性部材は、前記第2絶縁膜の前記裏面側に配置されている、請求項1に記載の試料ホルダ。
- 前記導電性部材は、前記第1絶縁膜と前記第2絶縁膜との間に配置されている、請求項1に記載の試料ホルダ。
- 前記第1絶縁膜の前記表面上に配置され、その内側に試料を観察するための観察窓を画成するフレーム部材を更に備え、
前記導電性部材は、前記電極に交流信号が印加され、前記電極と前記導電膜との間で電場が形成されたときに、静電遮蔽作用によって前記観察窓の外側への前記電場の広がりを抑制する、請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の試料ホルダ。 - 前記電極は、前記第2絶縁膜に向けて延びる長尺状を呈し、
前記導電性部材の前記開口は、前記観察窓と前記電極の前記第2絶縁膜側の先端部との間に位置する、請求項5に記載の試料ホルダ。 - 表面及び裏面を有する第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜の前記裏面に対向する表面及び裏面を有する第2絶縁膜であり、前記第1絶縁膜と前記第2絶縁膜との間に試料を配置する空間が形成された、該第2絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜の前記表面上に配置された導電膜と、
前記第2絶縁膜の前記裏面に対向して配置された電極と、
接地電位又は一定の電位に固定された導電性部材と、
前記導電膜に対してビームを照射しながら走査するビーム照射部と、
前記電極に交流信号を印加する電源と、
前記導電膜に前記ビームを走査しつつ前記電極に前記交流信号を印加したときに、前記導電膜に導かれた前記交流信号に基づいて、前記試料の画像を生成する画像生成部と、
を備え、
前記導電性部材は、前記第1絶縁膜と前記電極との間に位置する開口を有する、インピーダンス顕微鏡。 - 前記第1絶縁膜の前記表面上に配置され、その内側に試料を観察するための観察窓を画成するフレーム部材を更に備え、
前記導電性部材は、前記電極に交流信号が印加され、前記電極と前記導電膜との間で電場が形成されたときに、静電遮蔽作用によって前記観察窓の外側への前記電場の広がりを抑制する、請求項7に記載のインピーダンス顕微鏡。 - 前記電極は、前記第2絶縁膜に向けて延びる長尺状を呈し、
前記導電性部材の前記開口は、前記観察窓と前記電極の前記第2絶縁膜側の先端部との間に位置する、請求項8に記載のインピーダンス顕微鏡。 - インピーダンス顕微鏡用の試料ホルダであって、
電源に接続された電極と、
表面及び裏面を有する第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1絶縁膜の前記表面上に配置され、その内側に試料を観察するための観察窓を画成するフレーム部材と、
前記フレーム部材の内側で前記第1絶縁膜の前記表面に当接する導電膜と、
前記電極と前記第1絶縁膜の前記裏面との間に配置された第2絶縁膜であり、前記第1絶縁膜と前記第2絶縁膜との間に前記試料を配置する収容空間を形成する、該第2絶縁膜と、
前記電源から前記電極に交流信号が印加され、前記電極と前記導電膜との間で電場が形成されたときに、静電遮蔽作用によって前記観察窓の外側への前記電場の広がりを抑制する導電性部材と、
を備える、試料ホルダ。 - 前記電極は、前記第2絶縁膜に向けて延びる長尺状を呈し、
前記導電性部材は、前記観察窓と前記電極の前記第2絶縁膜側の先端部との間に位置する開口を有する、請求項10に記載の試料ホルダ。
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