WO2022244768A1 - エレクトロクロミック素子、及び、眼鏡用レンズ - Google Patents
エレクトロクロミック素子、及び、眼鏡用レンズ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022244768A1 WO2022244768A1 PCT/JP2022/020520 JP2022020520W WO2022244768A1 WO 2022244768 A1 WO2022244768 A1 WO 2022244768A1 JP 2022020520 W JP2022020520 W JP 2022020520W WO 2022244768 A1 WO2022244768 A1 WO 2022244768A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electrochromic
- film
- barrier
- barrier layer
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
- G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/155—Electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
- G02C2202/16—Laminated or compound lenses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochromic element capable of reversibly controlling coloring and decoloring by electricity, and a spectacle lens.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrochromic device in which a pair of substrates and an electrode layer and an electrochromic layer interposed between the substrates are laminated.
- an electrochromic element is an element that utilizes the electrochromism phenomenon in which a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction is caused by applying a voltage to both electrodes to reversibly change the color.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide an electrochromic device and a spectacle lens in which deterioration of responsiveness is suppressed by imparting gas barrier properties to a laminated structure. .
- the electrochromic element of the present invention is an electrochromic element in which a support, an electrochromic film having an electrode layer and an electrochromic layer are laminated, and a barrier layer is laminated on the laminated structure constituting the electrochromic element. characterized by being
- the barrier layer preferably has transparency as well as gas barrier properties.
- a functional layer is formed on the surface of the electrochromic film, and the barrier layer can be arranged between the electrochromic film and the functional layer.
- the functional layer may include at least one of a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer, an antistatic layer, a water-repellent layer, and an antifogging layer.
- the barrier layer can be arranged between the support and the electrochromic film.
- the electrochromic film has a pair of substrates, the electrode layer laminated between the substrates, and the electrochromic layer, and the barrier layer comprises at least one of the substrates and the electrochromic layer. It can be arranged between the chromic layer.
- a spectacle lens according to the present invention is the electrochromic device described above, and the support is a lens substrate.
- the barrier layer is provided in the laminated structure, thereby improving the gas barrier property and obtaining excellent responsiveness.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing process of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present invention
- An electrochromic element is an element that utilizes the electrochromism phenomenon in which a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction is caused by applying a voltage to both electrodes to reversibly change color.
- electrochromic elements can be used as spectacle lenses, functioning as sunglasses in bright light and as clear lenses in low light. It is possible to adjust to the optimum brightness by switch operation or automatically.
- An electrochromic element has a laminated structure in which an electrochromic film having an electrode layer and an electrochromic layer is laminated on the surface of a support.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that by arranging a barrier layer in the laminated structure that constitutes the electrochromic device, the permeation of moisture and oxygen into the laminated structure can be suppressed and the responsiveness can be improved. rice field.
- the layer structure of the electrochromic device according to the present embodiment will be specifically described below.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- An electrochromic device 10 comprises a support 1 and an electrochromic film 2 laminated on the surface of the support 1 .
- the support 1 is required to be transparent and have high transmittance.
- the material of the support 1 is not limited, for example, it may be a moldable resin substrate such as polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or phenol resin, or a glass substrate.
- the support 1 is preferably made of a polycarbonate resin from the viewpoint of moldability and manufacturing cost.
- the electrochromic film 2 includes a pair of first and second substrates 3 and 4, and a pair of first and second electrode layers 5 and 5 provided on the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates 4 and 4, respectively. and an electrochromic layer 7 provided between the first electrode layer 5 and the second electrode layer 6 .
- the electrochromic layer 7 includes a reduced layer 7a arranged on the first electrode layer 5 side, an oxidized layer 7b arranged on the second electrode layer 6 side, and provided between the reduced layer 7a and the oxidized layer 7b. and an electrolyte layer 7c.
- the electrochromic film 2 consists of the second substrate 4/second electrode layer 6/oxidized layer 7b/electrolyte layer 7c/reduced layer 7a/first electrode layer 5/first layer from the bottom in FIG.
- the substrates 3 are laminated in order.
- the substrates 3 and 4 constituting the electrochromic film 2 are in the form of films or sheets, and can be made of the same resin material as the support 1.
- the substrates 3 and 4 are also required to be transparent and have high transmittance, like the support 1 .
- the substrates 3 and 4 are preferably made of polycarbonate resin, like the support 1 .
- the electrode layers 5 and 6 constituting the electrochromic film 2 include transparency, high transmittance, and excellent conductivity.
- the electrode layers 5 and 6 are transparent electrode layers, and in particular, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is preferably used.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- Existing materials can be used for the reduced layer 7a, the oxidized layer 7b, and the electrolyte layer 7c that constitute the electrochromic layer 7.
- FIG. 1 ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)
- the reduction layer 7a is a layer that develops color with a reduction reaction.
- An existing reduced electrochromic compound can be used for the reduced layer 7a. Regardless of whether it is an organic substance or an inorganic substance, it is not limited, but for example, azobenzene, anthraquinone, diarylethene, dihydroprene, dipyridine, styryl, styrylspiropyran, spirooxazine, spirothiopyran, thioindigo system, tetrathiafulvalene system, terephthalic acid system, triphenylmethane system, triphenylamine system, naphthopyran system, viologen system, pyrazoline system, phenazine system, phenylenediamine system, phenoxazine system, phenothiazine system, phthalocyanine system, fluoran system, Fulgides, benzopyrans, metallocenes, tungsten
- the oxidized layer 7b is a layer that develops color with an oxidation reaction.
- An existing oxidized electrochromic compound can be used for the oxide layer 7b. It can be selected from, for example, a composition containing a radically polymerizable compound having a triarylamine, a Prussian blue-type complex, nickel oxide, iridium oxide, and the like, regardless of whether it is an organic substance or an inorganic substance. .
- the electrolyte layer 7c has electronic insulation and ionic conductivity, and is preferably transparent.
- the electrolyte layer 7c may be solid electrolyte, gel, liquid, or the like. A gel state is preferred in order to maintain high ionic conductivity.
- existing electrolyte materials such as inorganic ion salts such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, and acids can be used.
- the surface of the electrochromic film 2 is provided with a functional layer 15 composed of, for example, a hard coat layer 12, an antireflection layer 13 and a water-repellent layer .
- the hard coat layer 12 can impart scratch resistance to the electrochromic element 10 .
- the hard coat layer 12 is a curable composition, and the curable composition includes, for example, a photocurable silicone composition, an acrylic UV-curable monomer composition, and inorganic fine particles such as SiO 2 and TiO 2 .
- a thermosetting composition or the like can be preferably used.
- the antireflection layer 13 usually has a multilayer structure in which layers with different refractive indices are laminated, and is a film that prevents reflection of light by interference action.
- the antireflection layer 13 has a structure in which low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers are alternately laminated.
- SiO 2 for the low refractive index layer.
- ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 or the like can be used for the high refractive index layer.
- a fluorine-based substance can be preferably used.
- the water repellent layer 14 preferably has not only water repellency but also antibacterial performance.
- the functional layer 15 may include at least one of the hard coat layer 12, the antireflection layer 13, the antistatic layer, the water-repellent layer 14, and the antifogging layer.
- a sealing layer 16 is provided around the electrochromic layer 7 between the first substrate 3 and the second substrate 4 .
- a part of the first electrode layer 5 and the second electrode layer 6 extends to the position of the seal layer 16, and the metal terminal portions 17 are formed on the respective electrode layers 5 and 6. be.
- the metal terminal portion 17 is exposed to the outside, and a voltage can be applied between the pair of electrode layers 5 and 6 through the metal terminal portion 17 .
- barrier layer 11 The barrier layer 11 will be explained.
- a barrier layer 11 is arranged between the electrochromic film 2 and the functional layer 15 .
- the barrier layer 11 preferably has gas barrier properties and transparency.
- Gas barrier properties can be evaluated by water vapor transmission rate (WVTR: Water Vapor Transmission Rate) and O 2 permeability.
- the gas barrier property can be measured using the dry-wet sensor (Lyssy) method, MOCON method, gas chromatograph method, API-MS method, Ca corrosion method, and differential pressure method.
- water vapor permeability and O 2 permeability are measured by the "Mocon method (JIS K 7129(B))".
- the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is 30 (g/m 2 ⁇ day) or less, preferably 25 (g/m 2 ⁇ day) under an atmosphere of 40°C temperature and 90% RH humidity.
- the lower limit of the water vapor permeability is not limited, the lower limit can be set to about 10 ⁇ 6 (g/m 2 ⁇ day), for example.
- the O 2 transmittance is preferably 20 (cc/m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) or less, more preferably 15 (cc/m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) or less in an atmosphere of temperature 20 ° C. and humidity 65% RH.
- the barrier layer 11 is formed of a single layer or lamination of an inorganic film, a single layer or lamination of an organic film, or a lamination of an inorganic film and an organic film.
- the inorganic film includes SiO, SiO2 , Al2O3 , CaF2 , SnO2, CeF3 , MgO, MgAl2O4 , SiNx, SiCN, SiC, SiOC, SiOAl , and the like. You can select one or more from By selecting SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgAl 2 O 4 among these, gas barrier properties can be effectively improved.
- the organic film one or more kinds can be selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), and the like.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- the barrier layer 11 when the barrier layer 11 contains an inorganic film, the barrier layer 11 requires a substrate for forming the inorganic film.
- This substrate can be the first substrate 3 of FIG. 1, so that the first substrate 3/barrier layer 11 constitutes a barrier film.
- the above values of water vapor permeability and O 2 permeability should be satisfied not only by the barrier layer 11 alone but by the barrier film.
- the first substrate 3 as a base material is a polycarbonate film with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic film on the barrier layer 11 By providing the inorganic film on the barrier layer 11, excellent gas barrier properties can be obtained even if the barrier layer 11 is thin. Further, by providing the organic film on the barrier layer 11, the handling of the barrier layer 11 can be facilitated. Therefore, by forming the barrier layer 11 to have a laminate structure of an organic film and an inorganic film, both of the above-described effects can be obtained. Further, by forming a laminated structure of an organic film and an inorganic film, for example, when the electrochromic film 2 is bent into a curved surface, even if a defect occurs in the inorganic film, the organic film is less likely to have a defect, and a gas barrier structure is formed. can maintain sexuality.
- the thickness of the barrier layer 11 is not limited, it is, for example, about 10 nm to 200 ⁇ m, preferably about 15 nm to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably about 20 nm to 100 ⁇ m. Among them, the thickness of the inorganic film forming the barrier layer 11 is preferably about 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably about 15 nm to 150 nm, and even more preferably about 20 nm to 100 nm.
- An example of the inorganic film is a SiO2 film.
- the barrier layer 11 formed by depositing an inorganic film on the surface of an organic film base material has a base material of about several tens of ⁇ m to a hundred and several ⁇ m, and the inorganic film has a thickness of nanometers as described above. It can be made thin. In this embodiment, for example, the thickness of an inorganic film on the surface of a PET substrate or a barrier film in which an inorganic film and an organic film are laminated on the surface of a PET substrate is adjusted. In this embodiment, even if the thickness of the barrier layer 11 is reduced to several tens of ⁇ m, the water vapor permeability and the O 2 permeability within the numerical ranges described above can be obtained.
- the barrier layer 11 has transparency as well as gas barrier properties.
- Transparency means being transparent in the visible range, and can be defined by the absorbance in the visible range.
- the visible absorbance is preferably 0.1 Abs or less, preferably 0.09 Abs or less at a wavelength of 400 to 750 mm using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer UH4150 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd. is more preferred.
- the “transparency” of the barrier layer 11 means that light does not scatter, and can be defined by haze.
- the haze can be obtained by measuring the total light transmittance and diffuse transmittance of the barrier layer 11 using an integrating sphere light transmittance measuring device and using the following formula.
- Haze value (%) diffuse transmittance (%) / total light transmittance (%) x 100
- the diffuse transmittance is a value obtained by subtracting the parallel light transmittance from the total light transmittance.
- the haze value is 30% or less, preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less.
- the transparency of the barrier layer 11 preferably satisfies both the above-described visible absorbance and haze. In the case of a barrier film of resin film/inorganic film, it is defined by the visible absorbance and haze value of the barrier film.
- the refractive index of the barrier layer 11 is the same as the refractive index of the first substrate 3 and the hard coat layer 12. is preferably a value between the refractive indices of Thereby, the refractive index difference between the barrier layer 11 and the adjacent layer can be reduced.
- the refractive index difference between the barrier layer 11 and the adjacent layer is adjusted to 0.4 or less, preferably 0.2 or less, and more preferably 0.2 or less. .1 or less.
- the barrier layer 11 also serves as the antireflection layer 13, it is preferable to optically design such that the reflected light is weaker than the incident light.
- the barrier layer 11 preferably has flexibility. As will be described later, in the embodiment in which the electrochromic film 2 is bent into a curved shape, the barrier layer 11 has flexibility so that the barrier layer 11 can follow the shape of the electrochromic film 2 appropriately. It can be transformed. As described above, when the barrier layer 11 is a barrier film having a laminate structure of an inorganic film and an organic film, even if a defect occurs in the inorganic film when the barrier layer 11 is deformed, the defect does not extend to the organic film. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of gas barrier properties and appropriately maintain gas barrier properties. Flexibility is evaluated by bending both sides of the barrier layer 11 toward each other and measuring the bending angle at which a defect occurs in the barrier layer 11 .
- the bend angle is defined by the respective bend angle of each end from the flat position (0 degrees).
- the bending angle of each end is preferably 15 degrees or more, more preferably 30 degrees or more, and even more preferably 45 degrees or more.
- the flexibility can be evaluated by the radius of curvature.
- the radius of curvature is preferably 150 mm or less, more preferably 100 mm or less, and 90 mm or less. is more preferable, and 60 mm or less is even more preferable.
- barrier layer 11 is interposed between electrochromic film 2 and functional layer 15 .
- barrier layer 11 is interposed between electrochromic film 2 and functional layer 15 .
- barrier layer 11 is provided separately from the functional layer 15 in FIG. This eliminates the need to form the hard coat layer 12 and the antireflection layer 13 in addition to the barrier layer 11, thereby simplifying the laminated structure of the electrochromic device 10.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device 20 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the electrochromic device 20 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 has the structure of the electrochromic device 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. A barrier layer 21 was placed.
- the support 1 is preferably a resin substrate such as a polycarbonate resin from the viewpoint of moldability and manufacturing cost, but has a higher water absorption rate than a glass substrate. Therefore, in the second embodiment, by disposing the barrier layer 21 also on the support 1 side, it is possible to prevent moisture and oxygen from entering from the support 1 side.
- the support 1 and the barrier layer 21 are bonded via the adhesive layer 22, but the adhesive layer 22 is not essential if the support 1 and the barrier layer 21 can be directly bonded.
- the electrochromic element 20 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. Intrusion of moisture and oxygen from both the layer 15 side and the support 1 side can be effectively suppressed. As a result, gas barrier properties can be enhanced more effectively, and better responsiveness can be obtained. Also in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the barrier layer 21 can be formed on the surface of the second substrate 4 to form a barrier film.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device 30 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- barrier layers 31 , 32 are provided between the first electrode layer 5 located on the inner surface of the first substrate 3 constituting the electrochromic film 2 and the first substrate 3 and between the second substrate 4 . are arranged between the second electrode layer 6 located on the inner surface of the second substrate 4 and the second substrate 4, respectively.
- the first substrate 3 and the second substrate 4 are, for example, resin films such as polycarbonate, and barrier layers 31 and 32 are preferably provided inside the respective substrates 3 and 4 in order to improve gas barrier properties.
- the barrier layers 31 and 32 are inorganic films such as SiO 2 , and barrier films can be formed by depositing the barrier layers 31 and 32 on the inner surfaces of the first substrate 3 and the second substrate 4 .
- the barrier film is excellent in handleability, and the intrusion of moisture and oxygen into the electrochromic layer 7 can be suppressed, the gas barrier property can be effectively improved, and good responsiveness can be obtained.
- the barrier layer is formed outside the lamination structure as shown in FIG. It is preferable to provide
- the barrier layer may be arranged anywhere in the laminated structure constituting the electrochromic element, and the arrangement of the barrier layer is not limited to those shown in FIGS. is not limited.
- the barrier layer may be placed inside the laminated structure or on the surface (outer surface) of the laminated structure. , it is preferable to place the barrier layer at an appropriate position. For this reason, it is preferable that the electrochromic layer 7 and the electrode layers 5 and 6 are in direct contact with each other as described above. In addition, it is more preferable to dispose a barrier layer in the laminated structure constituting the electrochromic element and to give the sealing layer 16 gas barrier properties.
- the seal layer 16 is preferably formed of a material having gas barrier properties that allows pattern film formation.
- a material having gas barrier properties that allows pattern film formation.
- at least one of UV curable resin, thermosetting resin, low melting point alloy, and low melting point glass can be selected.
- a UV curable resin is preferable because it can be cured without requiring high-temperature heat treatment.
- the application of the electrochromic device of the present embodiment is not limited, it can be preferably applied to photochromic spectacle lenses.
- the support 1 is the lens substrate.
- the electrochromic device of this embodiment may be applied to lenses other than spectacle lenses. Examples include electrochromic dimmers and anti-glare mirrors.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of manufacturing an electrochromic device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 4A a pair of substrates 3 and 4, electrode layers 5 and 6 arranged inside the substrates 3 and 4, and an electrochromic layer 7 sandwiched between the electrode layers 5 and 6 are shown. , is prepared.
- the laminated structure of the electrochromic film 2 is not limited, and a laminated structure other than that shown in FIG. 4A may be used.
- the electrochromic film 2 is set in a mold (not shown), and the material constituting the support 1 is injected into the mold to mold the support 1, as shown in FIG. 4(b).
- the electrochromic film 2 may be preformed into a curved surface. That is, when the electrochromic element of the present embodiment is applied to a spectacle lens, since the spectacle lens has a three-dimensional curved surface, the electrochromic film 2 is preformed into a three-dimensional curved surface before the support 1 is molded. is preferred. For example, while heating, the electrochromic film 2 is set in a mold and pressed into a spherical shape.
- a barrier layer forming step (1) can be provided between FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b). That is, a barrier layer can be provided on the surface (outer surface) of the plate-like electrochromic film 2 shown in FIG. 4(a).
- a barrier layer 11 can be formed on the surface of the first substrate 3 of the electrochromic film 2 (see FIG. 1), or a barrier layer 11, 21 can be formed on the surface of each substrate 3,4. can also be used (see Figure 2).
- the barrier layer 21 may be formed only on the surface of the second substrate 4 .
- the barrier layers 11 and 21 can be formed by a dry film formation method such as a CVD method, a sputtering method, and a vapor deposition method, or a wet film formation method such as a coating method or a printing method.
- the barrier layers 11 and 21 can be formed directly on the surfaces of the substrates 3 and 4 to form the barrier film, or alternatively, a barrier film can be prepared separately and the barrier film can be applied to the substrates 3 and 4 via an adhesive layer. Alternatively, they can be directly attached to the surfaces of the substrates 3 and 4 by thermocompression bonding or the like without an adhesive layer intervening.
- FIG. 4(c) the support 1 is molded to obtain an electrochromic element intermediate 42 in which the electrochromic film 2 is formed on the surface of the support 1.
- a barrier layer forming step (2) can be provided between FIGS. 4(b) and 4(c).
- the electrochromic film 2 is then preformed into a curved surface, so the barrier layers 11 and 21 provided on the surface of the electrochromic film 2 must be flexible.
- the barrier layer forming step (2) after preforming the electrochromic film 2 into a curved surface, the barrier layers 11 and 21 are formed along the curved surface by a dry film forming method or a wet film forming method. can be done.
- a functional layer 15 composed of a hard coat layer 12, an antireflection layer 13 and a water-repellent layer 14 is formed on the surface of the electrochromic film 2.
- the hard coat layer 12 and the antireflection layer 13 can be formed of a material having gas barrier properties.
- the electrochromic element intermediate 42 is cut into a predetermined shape to obtain the electrochromic element 10.
- the barrier layer forming steps (1) to (3) shown in FIG. 4 may be performed at least once, and may be performed multiple times.
- the barrier layer can be formed at a timing other than the barrier layer forming steps (1) to (3).
- barrier layers 31 and 32 are necessary to dispose barrier layers 31 and 32 at the stage of forming the electrochromic film 2 shown in FIG. 4(a).
- the barrier layer forming steps (1) to (3) can be provided in the process of manufacturing the electrochromic element, and the electrochromic element excellent in gas barrier properties can be obtained without complicating the manufacturing process. It is possible to manufacture
- Water vapor transmission rate, O 2 transmission rate, visible region absorbance, and haze were determined for each experimental example in which the thickness of the SiO 2 film was changed to 0 nm, 5 nm, 20 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, and 2100 nm.
- Water vapor permeability and O 2 permeability were measured by the Mocon method (JIS K 7129(B)).
- the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) was measured in an atmosphere with a temperature of 40°C and a humidity of 90% RH.
- the O2 transmittance was measured under an atmosphere with a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 65% RH.
- the visible absorbance was measured using a UV-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer UH4150 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd. with a wavelength of 400 to 750 mm.
- Example 6 it was confirmed that fine cracks were formed in the SiO 2 film after the SiO 2 film was formed.
- the electrochromic element was disassembled and the haze of the electrochromic element was measured, it was 30%. It was found that in Example 6, the barrier layer was cracked and the haze and O2 permeability were greatly deteriorated. The cracking of the barrier layer is considered to be caused by the stress of the film caused by the excessive thickness of the SiO 2 film. Based on these experimental results, Experimental Examples 1 to 3 were used as examples, and Experimental Examples 4 to 6 were used as comparative examples.
- the electrochromic element of the present invention has excellent gas barrier properties, so that when the electrochromic element is used as a lens for dimming glasses, for example, it is possible to obtain a feeling of use with excellent responsiveness.
Abstract
Description
本発明では、前記機能層は、ハードコート層、反射防止層、帯電防止層、撥水層、及び防曇層のうち、少なくともいずれか1層を含む構成にできる。
本発明では、前記バリア層は、前記支持体と前記エレクトロクロミックフィルムとの間に配置された構成にできる。
本発明における眼鏡用レンズは、上記に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子であり、前記支持体は、レンズ基板であることを特徴とする。
エレクトロクロミック素子は、両極に電圧を印加することにより可逆的に酸化還元反応を起こして、可逆的に色を変化させるエレクトロクロミズム現象を利用した素子である。例えば、エレクトロクロミック素子は、眼鏡用レンズとして用いることができ、明るい場所では、サングラスとして、暗い場所では、クリアレンズとして機能させることができる。スイッチ操作や、自動で、最適な明るさに調整することを可能とする。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態におけるエレクトロクロミック素子10の断面模式図である。
エレクトロクロミック素子10は、支持体1と、支持体1の表面に積層されたエレクトロクロミックフィルム2と、を有して構成される。
支持体1は、透明であること、及び、透過率が高いことが求められる。支持体1は、材質を限定するものではないが、例えば、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂等のモールド成形可能な樹脂基板やガラス基板などである。このうち、支持体1は、ポリカーボネート樹脂で形成されることが、成形性や製造コストの観点から好ましい。
エレクトロクロミックフィルム2は、一対の第1の基板3及び第2の基板4と、第1の基板3及び第2の基板4の各内面に設けられた一対の第1の電極層5及び第2の電極層6と、第1の電極層5と第2の電極層6の間に設けられたエレクトロクロミック層7と、を有する。エレクトロクロミック層7は、第1の電極層5側に配置された還元層7aと、第2の電極層6側に配置された酸化層7bと、還元層7aと酸化層7bの間に設けられた電解質層7cと、を有して構成される。このように、エレクトロクロミックフィルム2は、図1の下から第2の基板4/第2の電極層6/酸化層7b/電解質層7c/還元層7a/第1の電極層5/第1の基板3の順に積層されている。
エレクトロクロミック層7を構成する還元層7a、酸化層7b及び電解質層7cには、既存の材料を用いることができる。
図1に示すように、エレクトロクロミックフィルム2の表面には、例えば、ハードコート層12、反射防止層13及び撥水層14からなる機能層15が設けられる。
撥水層14は、例えば、フッ素系物質を好ましく用いることができる。撥水層14は、撥水性能のみならず抗菌性能も有することが好適である。
なお、機能層15は、ハードコート層12、反射防止層13、帯電防止層、撥水層14、及び防曇層のうち、少なくともいずれか1層を含む構成にできる。
図1に示すように、第1の基板3と第2の基板4の間であって、エレクトロクロミック層7の周囲にはシール層16が設けられている。図1に示すように、第1の電極層5及び第2の電極層6の一部は、シール層16の位置まで延出し、各電極層5、6に金属端子部17が重ねて形成される。金属端子部17は、外部に露出しており、金属端子部17を通して一対の電極層5、6間に電圧を印加することができる。
バリア層11について説明する。図1に示す第1の実施の形態では、エレクトロクロミックフィルム2と機能層15との間に、バリア層11が配置されている。
本実施の形態では、バリア層11の水蒸気透過度及びO2透過率のうち、少なくとも水蒸気透過度を満たすことが必要であり、両方を満たすことが好ましい。
例えば、バリア層11の構成としては、バリア層11に無機膜を含む場合、無機膜を成膜するための基材が必要であり、すなわち、基材/バリア層11によりバリアフィルムを構成する。この基材は、図1の第1の基板3とすることができ、これにより、第1の基板3/バリア層11によりバリアフィルムを構成できる。このようなバリアフィルムにあっては、上記した水蒸気透過度及びO2透過率の値は、バリア層11単体でなく、バリアフィルムとして満たされればよい。例えば、基材としての第1の基板3は、厚さ100μmのポリカーボネートフィルムである。
ヘイズ値(%)=拡散透過率(%)/全光線透過率(%)×100
ここで、拡散透過率は、全光線透過率から平行光線透過率を差し引いた値である。
本実施の形態では、ヘイズ値を30%以下とし、20%以下とすることが好ましく、10%以下とすることがより好ましく、1%以下が更により好ましい。
バリア層11の透明性は、上記した可視吸光度及びヘイズの双方を満たすことが好ましい。なお、樹脂フィルム/無機膜のバリアフィルムにあっては、バリアフィルムの可視域吸光度及びヘイズ値で規定される。
図2は、本発明の第2の実施の形態におけるエレクトロクロミック素子20の断面模式図である。
図2では、支持体1とバリア層21との間を、接着層22を介して接合するが、支持体1とバリア層21とを直接接合できる場合は、接着層22は必須でない。
なお、図2に示す第2の実施の形態においても、第2の基板4の表面にバリア層21を成膜してバリアフィルムを構成できる。
図3は、本発明の第3の実施の形態におけるエレクトロクロミック素子30の断面模式図である。
本実施の形態では、エレクトロクロミック素子を構成する積層構造のどこかの位置にバリア層を配置すればよく、バリア層の配置は、図1~図3に限らず、また、バリア層の配置数も限定するものでない。バリア層は、積層構造の内部に配置しても積層構造の表面(外面)に配置してもよいが、エレクロトクロミック現象やそのほかに併せ持つ機能を損なわない位置、更には製造工程も加味して、適切な位置にバリア層を配置することが好ましい。このことから、上記のように、エレクトロクロミック層7と各電極層5、6とは直接接していたほうが好ましく、したがって、バリア層は、少なくとも電極層5、6の外側に配置することが好ましい。
加えて、エレクトロクロミック素子を構成する積層構造にバリア層を配置するとともに、シール層16にガスバリア性を持たせることが更に好ましい。
本実施の形態のエレクトロクロミック素子の用途を限定するものではないが、調光眼鏡レンズに好ましく適用することができる。眼鏡用レンズでは、支持体1はレンズ基板である。
本実施の形態のエレクトロクロミック素子を眼鏡用レンズ以外に適用してもよい。例えば、エレクトロクロミック調光装置や、防眩ミラーなどである。
図4は、本実施の形態におけるエレクトロクロミック素子の製造方法を示す説明図である。
本実施の形態では、図4(b)と図4(c)の間に、バリア層形成工程(2)を設けることができる。
その後、図4(d)で、エレクトロクロミック素子中間体42を所定形状にカットしてエレクトロクロミック素子10を得る。
実験では、基材/バリア層からなるバリアフィルムを用いた。基材には、厚さ100μmのポリカーボネートフィルムを用い、ポリカーボネートフィルムの表面に、バリア層として、SiO2膜をCVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition:化学気相成長法)で成膜した。
水蒸気透過度及びO2透過率を、モコン法(JIS K 7129(B))により測定した。水蒸気透過度(WVTR)は、温度40℃、湿度90%RHの雰囲気下で測定した。O2透過率は、温度20℃、湿度65%RHの雰囲気下で測定を行った。
また、実験例1から実験例6の各バリアフィルムを用いて、図1に示すエレクトロクロミック素子10を作成し、加速試験として、各実験サンプルを、温度40℃、湿度90%の恒温恒湿器に240時間放置後、10回の通電試験(着色と退色を繰り返す)後に目視検査を行った。
この実験結果から、実験例1から実験例3を実施例とし、実験例4から実験例6を比較例とした。
Claims (7)
- 支持体と、電極層及びエレクトロクロミック層を有するエレクトロクロミックフィルムと、が積層されたエレクトロクロミック素子であって、
前記エレクトロクロミック素子を構成する積層構造に、バリア層が積層されることを特徴とするエレクトロクロミック素子。 - 前記バリア層は、ガスバリア性とともに透明性を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子。
- 前記エレクトロクロミックフィルムの表面には、機能層が形成されており、
前記バリア層は、前記エレクトロクロミックフィルムと前記機能層との間に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子。 - 前記機能層は、ハードコート層、反射防止層、帯電防止層、撥水層、及び防曇層のうち、少なくともいずれか1層を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子。
- 前記バリア層は、前記支持体と前記エレクトロクロミックフィルムとの間に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子。
- 前記エレクトロクロミックフィルムは、一対の基板と、前記基板間に積層された前記電極層と、前記エレクトロクロミック層と、を有し、
前記バリア層は、少なくとも一方の前記基板と前記エレクトロクロミック層との間に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載のエレクトロクロミック素子であり、前記支持体は、レンズ基板であることを特徴とする眼鏡用レンズ。
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JP2017111389A (ja) | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック表示素子及びその製造方法、並びに表示装置、情報機器、及びエレクトロクロミック調光レンズ |
JP2018010106A (ja) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック装置及びその製造方法、並びにエレクトロクロミック調光装置 |
WO2018181181A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 透明導電性ガスバリア積層体及びこれを備えたデバイス |
JP2021082860A (ja) | 2019-11-14 | 2021-05-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 高周波モジュールおよび通信装置 |
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JP2017111389A (ja) | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック表示素子及びその製造方法、並びに表示装置、情報機器、及びエレクトロクロミック調光レンズ |
JP2018010106A (ja) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社リコー | エレクトロクロミック装置及びその製造方法、並びにエレクトロクロミック調光装置 |
WO2018181181A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-04 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 透明導電性ガスバリア積層体及びこれを備えたデバイス |
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