WO2022244659A1 - 水素製造システム - Google Patents
水素製造システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022244659A1 WO2022244659A1 PCT/JP2022/019902 JP2022019902W WO2022244659A1 WO 2022244659 A1 WO2022244659 A1 WO 2022244659A1 JP 2022019902 W JP2022019902 W JP 2022019902W WO 2022244659 A1 WO2022244659 A1 WO 2022244659A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- carbon dioxide
- plant
- methane
- boiler
- Prior art date
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 227
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 280
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 160
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 140
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010805 inorganic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 74
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 35
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N D-fructopyranose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
- B09B3/65—Anaerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
- C25B1/265—Chlorates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/03—Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
- C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/50—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers for draining or expelling water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen production system that produces hydrogen using a combustion furnace such as a garbage incinerator equipped with a boiler.
- a methane fermentation apparatus that decomposes organic waste to produce biogas emits carbon dioxide together with methane gas.
- the ratio of carbon dioxide in the total biogas produced by the methane fermentation apparatus is about two-thirds by weight, although it depends on the composition of the organic waste. Specifically, when about 2 tons of methane gas is produced, about 4 tons of carbon dioxide are produced at the same time. Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, technologies such as separating carbon dioxide from biogas and using it in plant factories, and technology to mix ash from waste incinerators with carbon dioxide and make it into cement materials are being developed. has been developed (see Patent Document 1).
- the carbon dioxide produced by the methane fermentation and the hydrogen produced by the water electrolyzer are used for methanation (methane synthesis), and the produced methane is used as city gas, and as a fuel for gas engines, etc.
- a technique utilizing methane has also been developed (see Patent Document 2).
- a technology has been developed in which a water electrolyzer is installed in a waste incinerator plant, ammonia is synthesized from the hydrogen produced by the water electrolyzer and nitrogen in the air, and the ammonia is used as fuel for gas engines, etc. (See Patent Document 3).
- JP-A-2006-212524 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-090084 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-216501
- Patent Literature 1 The amount of carbon dioxide used in the plant factory and cement synthesis described in Patent Literature 1 is not large enough to consume all the carbon dioxide generated in the methane fermentation.
- a large amount of carbon dioxide can be converted into high-demand methane, which is commercially beneficial.
- a large amount of electric power and water are required to generate hydrogen for methanation in a water electrolyzer. Therefore, as described in Patent Document 3, the power generated by the steam turbine and generator of the boiler provided in the waste incineration plant and the cooling waste water of the desuperheating tower for reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas are used to It is conceivable to implement nationalization.
- Patent Literature 3 a temperature reduction tower, which is a so-called scrubber, is installed upstream of the dust collector, and cooling wastewater after temperature reduction is supplied to the water electrolysis device.
- this cooling wastewater contains fly ash, heavy metals, and chemicals for exhaust gas treatment, it cannot be directly supplied to the water electrolysis apparatus.
- the wastewater from the waste incinerator plant consists of wastewater from washing the platform for throwing the waste collected by the waste collection truck into the waste pit, wastewater from the waste stored in the waste pit, and bottom ash from the waste incinerator.
- wastewater from the waste incinerator plant consists of wastewater from washing the platform for throwing the waste collected by the waste collection truck into the waste pit, wastewater from the waste stored in the waste pit, and bottom ash from the waste incinerator.
- waste water from an ash extruder that cools and discharges.
- the wastewater from the platform and the waste pit contains organic components
- the wastewater from the ash extruder contains inorganic components.
- a water electrolyzer when a water electrolyzer is installed in a waste incinerator plant, which is a kind of combustion furnace plant, and the wastewater generated in the plant (plant wastewater) is used for the water electrolyzer, the general wastewater treatment that the plant generally has It is common practice to combine all plant wastewater, such as wastewater from platforms and waste pits, and wastewater from ash extruders, into the system, and use the water that has been treated to remove organic and inorganic components in the water electrolysis system. It was technical common sense of a trader.
- the integrated wastewater treatment system is also installed in plants other than waste incinerator plants, such as thermal power plants and chemical plants, as long as it is a combustion furnace plant equipped with a combustion furnace and a boiler.
- the present invention has been devised in view of the above problems, and reduces the load of water treatment of a comprehensive wastewater treatment system, and economically by electrolysis using plant wastewater generated in a combustion furnace plant.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system capable of producing hydrogen.
- the hydrogen production system of the present invention is applied to a combustion furnace plant, a boiler-equipped combustion system comprising at least a combustion furnace and a boiler that generates steam from heat burned in the combustion furnace; an ion removing device for generating separated water from which unnecessary ions are removed by introducing at least a portion of the boiler blow water discharged from the boiler and water to be separated containing the unnecessary ions; an electrolysis system comprising at least a water electrolyzer that generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water; and a waste water treatment system including at least an inorganic waste water treatment facility that performs inorganic water treatment on plant waste water generated in the combustion furnace plant and containing the remainder of the boiler blow water.
- water electrolysis is performed using part of the boiler blow water, which is particularly clean although it contains low-concentration chemicals, among the plant wastewater generated in the combustion furnace plant. At least a part of the boiler blow water subjected to water electrolysis does not enter the waste water treatment system, so the load of water treatment in the waste water treatment system can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to provide a hydrogen production system that can reduce the water treatment load of the waste water treatment system and can economically produce hydrogen by electrolysis using plant waste water generated in the combustion furnace plant.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a first modified example of the hydrogen production system of the present invention
- 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a carbon dioxide separator 60.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing part of a second modified example of the hydrogen production system of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing part of a third modified example of the hydrogen production system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 The hydrogen production systems of the embodiments and modifications (first, second and third modifications) will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
- FIG. 1 numerals only represent physical elements such as devices, parts, and parts related to the hydrogen production system.
- a symbol combining an alphabetic character F and a number represents a fluid such as a liquid or a gas generated in the hydrogen production system.
- FIG. 1 is an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a first modification of the invention.
- the hydrogen production system 1 of the embodiment and the first modification includes a combustion system 10 with a boiler, a waste water treatment system (comprehensive waste water treatment system) 30, a high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40, and an electrolysis system 50 (first modification 50') and a methanation system 72. Since the embodiment and the first modification differ only in the configuration of the electrolysis systems 50, 50' provided in the hydrogen production system 1, the embodiment and the first modification will be described simultaneously.
- These systems 10, 30, 40, 50 (50'), and 72 may all be installed in one building, or may be installed in individual buildings corresponding to each system.
- all of these systems may be located at the same site, or may be located at separate sites, eg, sites remote from each other.
- each system When each system is installed on a site far away from each other, each system may be appropriately connected by a pipeline, car transportation, or the like.
- the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 is a system that includes at least a combustion furnace and a boiler that generates steam from the heat of combustion in the combustion furnace.
- the combustion furnace plant to which the hydrogen production system 1 is applied is diverse, such as a garbage incinerator plant, a thermal power plant, and a chemical plant, depending on the fuel (waste, coal, etc.) burned in the combustion furnace and its purpose.
- the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 includes the boiler 20, boiler blow water F1, which will be described later, is always discharged.
- the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 includes the refuse incinerator 13 as an example of a combustion furnace.
- the wastewater treatment system 30 is the integrated wastewater treatment system described in [Problems to be Solved by the Invention].
- An organic wastewater treatment facility 31 that treats organic components contained in plant wastewater by biological treatment or the like, and an inorganic wastewater treatment plant 32 that treats inorganic components contained in plant wastewater after the organic components are treated.
- water treatment is performed to purify the wastewater to the extent that it can be discharged to the outside of the combustion furnace plant.
- the plant wastewater treated by the wastewater treatment system 30 may be used in the combustion furnace plant as reused water F14, which will be described later, or may be discharged outside the combustion furnace plant if there is a surplus.
- the wastewater treatment system 30 is an organic wastewater treatment facility 31. Both inorganic wastewater treatment facilities 32 are provided. However, in a combustion furnace plant in which organic components are not contained in the plant wastewater, such as a thermal power plant, the wastewater treatment system 30 may not include the organic wastewater treatment facility 31 and may only include the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32. .
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 is a system that generates high-purity carbon dioxide without a special concentration process. As described in [Background Art], a large amount of high-purity carbon dioxide is generated during methane fermentation, so the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 of FIGS. 42 at least.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 includes an alcohol fermentation device 66 (described later using FIG. 4 as a second modification), a gasification furnace 69 for gasifying woody biomass (a third modification) (described later with reference to FIG. 5) may be included at least.
- the methanation system 72 uses as raw materials at least carbon dioxide F7 produced by the high-purity carbon dioxide production system 40 and hydrogen F4 produced by the water electrolysis device 53 of the electrolysis system 50 described later, and methanation is performed by the methanation device 46. and produce methane F12.
- the electrolysis system 50 is a system that generates hydrogen F4 by electrolysis using boiler blow water F1.
- the electrolysis system 50 includes at least an ion removal device 52 that removes unnecessary ions from the boiler blow water F1 and a water electrolysis device 53 .
- the water supplied to the boiler 20 is pure water F15, for example, chemicals such as a boiler agent, anticorrosive agent (oxygen absorber), and scale inhibitor are added at a low concentration, and water stored in the boiler 20 is added. is adjusted to be slightly alkaline. For this reason, the boiler blow water F1 has conventionally been mixed with other plant waste water containing a large amount of impurities such as high-concentration chemicals and ash, and treated in general waste water treatment facilities.
- the water stored in the boiler 20 is pure water F15 to which a low-concentration chemical is added, does not contain ash or heavy metals, and is different from other plant waste water in a plant equipped with a combustion furnace. Therefore, if the boiler blow water F1 discharged from the boiler 20 at any time is used in the water electrolysis device 53 that requires the pure water F15, hydrogen F4 can be produced efficiently and economically. The inventor thought that it could be done. Therefore, based on the configuration in which the boiler blow water F1 is used to generate the hydrogen F4 in the water electrolysis device 53, the hydrogen F4 generated in the water electrolysis device 53 can be used to generate valuable substances such as methane F12.
- FIG. 1 As described above, the embodiment and the first modification are examples in which the hydrogen production system 1 of the present invention is applied to a refuse incinerator plant among combustion furnace plants.
- a refuse incinerator plant is, for example, a facility for incinerating refuse such as municipal refuse and industrial waste, that is, waste.
- the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 includes a platform 11, which is a space where a garbage delivery vehicle (garbage truck, truck, dump truck, etc.) unloads waste, and a temporary space where waste unloaded from the garbage delivery vehicle is put.
- a garbage pit 12 (garbage storage tank) is provided in which the garbage is systematically stored.
- the waste thrown into the garbage pit 12 is transferred to the garbage incinerator 13 by a garbage crane. Since the wastewater that washed the platform 11 (platform washing wastewater) and the wastewater that seeped out from the waste stored in the waste pit 12 (pit wastewater) generally contain organic components, the organic matter of the wastewater treatment system 30 is treated as plant wastewater. The water is treated at the system wastewater treatment facility 31 .
- the garbage incinerator 13 is a furnace for incinerating waste, such as a stoker furnace or a fluidized bed furnace.
- the ash extrusion device 14 is a device for cooling and discharging incineration ash (main ash) remaining after incinerating waste in the refuse incinerator 13 .
- Wastewater discharged from the ash extruder 14 (ash extruder wastewater) is alkaline water containing ash and heavy metals, and is treated as plant wastewater in the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30 .
- the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 also receives and treats wastewater that has been treated in the organic wastewater treatment facility 31 .
- Exhaust gas generated by burning waste in the waste incinerator 13 passes through a flue 15 and flows through a temperature reduction tower 16 that reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas, a dust remover 17 that removes fly ash from the exhaust gas, and a chimney 19 in that order. released to the outside air.
- a carbon dioxide separation device 60 for separating low-concentration carbon dioxide F18 contained in the exhaust gas is arranged in the flue 15 between the dust remover 17 and the chimney 19.
- a denitration device, an induced draft fan, or the like may be installed in the flue gas flow path.
- Dust (fly ash) removed by a dust remover 17 such as a bag filter is washed by a fly ash washing device 18, stored in a fly ash pit (not shown), and carried out of the plant.
- Wastewater (washing wastewater) discharged from the fly ash washing device 18 is alkaline water containing ash and heavy metals, and is treated as plant wastewater in the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30 .
- the plant wastewater (reused water F14) that has been water-treated in the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30 is sprayed to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas, tap water is sprayed. Superior in terms of cost-effectiveness.
- the cooling tower 16 is not the scrubber of Patent Document 3, but the cooling tower 16 generally used in a refuse incinerator plant.
- a desuperheating tower 16 in which the off-gas is substantially completely vaporized is desirable. Since substantially all of the sprayed water evaporates, plant wastewater is not discharged from the temperature reducing tower 16, and the load of water treatment in the wastewater treatment system 30 can be reduced.
- the fly ash washing device 18 if dust (fly ash) is washed with plant wastewater (recycled water F14) that has been water-treated in the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30, the dust (fly ash) is washed with tap water. It is superior in terms of cost-effectiveness compared to
- the boiler 20 includes a water purifier 27 that produces pure water F15 from tap water, industrial water, or the like, and the pure water F15 produced by the water purifier 27 is added with a boiler agent, an anticorrosive agent (oxygen absorber), a scale inhibitor, and the like.
- a chemical addition device 28 that adds the chemical, a steam drum 21 that stores pure water F15 to which the chemical is added, and a heat transfer tube, a superheater tube, etc. that converts the water stored in the steam drum 21 into steam with the heat of the exhaust gas.
- a heat recovery device 22 a steam turbine 23 that rotates an impeller with the steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery device 22 and supplied to the steam drum 21, a power generator 24 that generates power by the rotational force of the impeller of the steam turbine 23, and a steam turbine.
- a deaerator 26 feeding 21 is provided.
- the boiler blow water F1 is discharged as needed from the blow pipe 29 arranged below the steam drum 21 .
- the waste steam has a high temperature, it is appropriately supplied to devices that require heating in the plant, such as the carbon dioxide separation device 60, the methanation device 46, and the pretreatment device 41 (in the case of solubilization and hydrothermal treatment), which will be described later. It is more cost-effective than using electricity purchased from an electric power company for heating.
- the power generated by the generator 24 is used to operate various electric appliances (water electrolyzer 53, electrolyzer 54, methanation device 46, etc.) installed in the plant, and surplus power is supplied to the electric power company. You can sell electricity. The electric power is not sold to the electric power company, or the amount of electric power sold is small, and all or most of the electric power is appropriately designed to be supplied to various electric appliances arranged in the plant to which the hydrogen production system 1 is applied. By doing so, it is possible to construct a combustion furnace plant that is substantially power independent.
- the carbon dioxide separation device 60 is, for example, a device that separates carbon dioxide using an amine solution, as shown in FIG. If it is possible in terms of design, it may have the same configuration as the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 described later.
- the carbon dioxide separator 60 of FIG. 3 has an absorber 61 , a heat exchanger 62 , a desorber 63 and a reheater 64 .
- the absorber 61 is a device for causing the amine solution to absorb the carbon dioxide F18 in the exhaust gas. Inside the absorber 61, a relatively cold amine solution is injected toward the exhaust gas. The amine solution that has absorbed carbon dioxide F18 falls downward inside the absorber 61 and is introduced into the heat exchanger 62 . Further, the exhaust gas from which the carbon dioxide F18 has been removed flows out from above the absorber 61 and is discharged from the chimney 19 into the atmosphere.
- the heat exchanger 62 is a device for raising the temperature of the amine solution discharged from the absorber 61 . A relatively high-temperature amine solution discharged from a desorber 63, which will be described later, is introduced into the heat exchanger 62 as a heat source.
- the heat in the hot amine solution is transferred inside heat exchanger 62 to the cold amine solution.
- the temperature-raised amine solution (amine solution containing carbon dioxide F18) is introduced into the desorber 63 .
- the desorber 63 is a device for desorbing carbon dioxide F18 from the amine solution.
- the amine solution introduced into the desorber 63 is sprayed inside the desorber 63 .
- the desorber 63 is provided with a reheater 64 for heating the introduced amine solution while circulating it.
- waste steam from the steam turbine 23 may be used to raise the temperature of the amine solution.
- the carbon dioxide separation device 60 and the carbon dioxide storage tank 49 can significantly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide F18 in the exhaust gas discharged to the outside of the combustion furnace plant.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 will be described in detail.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 will be described as a system that generates high-purity carbon dioxide F7 by methane fermentation.
- organic matter contained in the waste delivered to the refuse incinerator plant is used here as raw material for methane fermentation. Since the organic matter contained in the waste is used as the raw material, there is no need for raw material costs, and it is excellent from the viewpoint of cost effectiveness.
- the pretreatment device 41 is a device that performs pretreatment (for example, crushing, solubilization, hydrothermal treatment, etc.) for removing substances unsuitable for fermentation from raw materials and adjusting the properties of the substances suitable for fermentation.
- the raw material is transferred from, for example, the garbage pit 12 .
- the raw material that has been appropriately pretreated by the pretreatment device 41 is introduced into the methane fermentation device 42 .
- the methane fermentation device 42 is a device for methane fermentation of the raw material pretreated by the pretreatment device 41 to generate a biogas F8 and discharge a fermentation residue F9.
- the fermentation method of methane fermentation may be dry or wet.
- the biogas F8 contains at least two kinds of methane F6 (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide F7 (CO 2 ) as major components of the biogas F8.
- the biogas F8 produced by the methane fermentation device 42 is introduced into the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45, and the fermentation residue F9 is transferred to the dehydrator 43.
- the dehydrator 43 is, for example, a trommel.
- the dehydrator 43 is a device that dehydrates the fermentation residue F9 and separates it into a filtrate F10 and a residue (dehydrated sludge).
- the filtrate F10 separated here is transferred to the water treatment device 51 of the electrolysis system 50, 50'. Further, the residue (dewatered sludge) is transferred to the refuse pit 12 by the conveyor 44 and incinerated by the refuse incinerator 13 .
- the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 is a device incorporating a separation membrane that separates carbon dioxide F7 from biogas F8.
- Polymer membranes such as hollow fiber membranes, dendrimer membranes, polyethylene glycol membranes, and polyvinyl alcohol membranes can be used as separation membranes.
- the carbon dioxide F7 separated by the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 does not contain nitrogen oxides or particulate matter like exhaust gas from a combustion furnace or an internal combustion engine, and is high-purity carbon dioxide that does not contain impurities. F7, in other words extremely clean carbon dioxide F7. Therefore, carbon dioxide F7 can be used directly without purification or filtering as a feedstock for the methanation device 46 of the methanation system 72 or as a feedstock for plant photosynthesis in the plant growth facility 48. .
- the carbon dioxide F7 may be stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 49 .
- carbon dioxide generated by methane fermentation in the methane fermentation device 42 is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 49 or used as a raw material for the methanation device 46 and the plant growing facility 48.
- the emission of carbon dioxide F7 to the outside of the combustion furnace plant can be greatly reduced.
- the plant growing facility 48 includes a storage facility (a carbon dioxide tank, a carbon dioxide cylinder) that stores carbon dioxide F7, and a building and facility (plant factories, greenhouses for cultivation, tanks for cultivation, etc.).
- a storage facility a carbon dioxide tank, a carbon dioxide cylinder
- plant factories, greenhouses for cultivation, tanks for cultivation, etc. for example, algae, flowers, vegetables, fruits and vegetables, foliage plants, succulents, and trees can be grown in the plant growing facility 48 .
- the residual gas from which the carbon dioxide F7 has been separated by the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 is substantially methane F6 (“second methane” in the claims).
- the methane F6 is stored in a gas cylinder or the like, or supplied to the methane gas utilization facility 47 for use.
- the methane gas utilization equipment 47 include equipment for introducing city gas into gas pipes (gas pipe introduction equipment), gas water heaters and gas heaters that burn city gas to supply hot water, gas engines (gas power generators), and the like. homes, businesses, or factories where Exhaust gas generated when methane F6 is burned in a gas engine is introduced into the waste incinerator 13 as gas for EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), and nitrogen oxides (NOx ) may be reduced.
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- the methanation device 46 when power is generated by a gas engine using methane F6 as fuel, it can be used as power to operate the methanation device 46, the water electrolysis device 53, the electrolysis device 54, etc., in the same way as the power generated by the steam turbine 23 and the power generator 24.
- the residual gas from which the carbon dioxide F7 has been separated by the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 is substantially methane F6, but may contain a small amount of sulfur and the like. Therefore, in this case, an impure gas remover such as a desulfurization device (not shown) may be used to remove impure gases other than methane F6 from the residual gas to obtain methane F6.
- the methanation device 46 provided in the methanation system 72 is a device that synthesizes carbon dioxide F7 and hydrogen F4 generated by a water electrolysis device 53 described below to generate methane F12 (“first methane” in the claims).
- methane F12 and pure water F13 are synthesized from carbon dioxide F7 and hydrogen F4 by a methanation reaction or a Sabatier reaction via a co-electrolytic reaction (this synthesis technique is called methanation).
- the methanation device 46 is provided with a reactor (catalyst container) containing a catalyst for methane synthesis, and methane F12 is generated therein.
- the temperature and pressure in the reactor are controlled within a range in which catalytic activity suitable for the desired reaction can be obtained, for example, about 250° C. and about 20 to 30 atmospheres.
- Waste steam from the steam turbine 23 can be used to heat and pressurize the methanation device 46 . Since about 20 to 30 atmospheres is a relatively high pressure, the methanation device 46 has recently been developed to reduce the pressure so that methanation can be performed at a pressure lower than this.
- Electric power for operating the methanation device 46 can use electric power generated by the steam turbine 23 and generator 24 or the gas engine, as described above.
- the methane F12 synthesized in the methanation device 46 is supplied to the methane gas utilization facility 47 and used or stored. Further, the pure water F13 generated by the methanation device 46 may be directly introduced into the steam drum 21 without passing through the water purifying device 27 . As a result, the operating cost of the combustion furnace plant can be reduced in terms of power for operating the device and production of pure water.
- the electrolysis system 50, 50' electrolyzes the filtrate F11 biologically treated by the water treatment device 51 in the water electrolysis device 53 or in the electrolysis device 54 different from the water electrolysis device 53, thereby producing a sodium hypochlorite solution F16. , F17. Since the electrolysis systems 50 and 50' have different configurations between the embodiment and the first modification, the electrolysis system 50 in the embodiment will be described first, and then the electrolysis system 50' in the first modification will be described.
- the electrolysis system 50 in the embodiment has a water treatment device 51 , an ion removal device 52 , a water electrolysis device 53 and an electrolysis device 54 .
- the water treatment device 51 is an organic water treatment device 51 (biological treatment device) that biologically treats the filtrate F10 separated by the dehydrator 43 of the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 and containing organic components.
- the water treatment equipment 51 performs biological treatment in the same manner as the organic wastewater treatment facility 31 of the wastewater treatment system 30, but the amount of filtrate F10 is small compared to the amount of plant wastewater treated by the organic wastewater treatment facility 31. . Therefore, the water treatment device 51 is much smaller and less expensive than the organic wastewater treatment facility 31 .
- Filtrate F11 that has been biologically treated in the water treatment device 51 is introduced into the ion removal device 52 .
- the ion removing device 52 is supplied with at least a part of the boiler blow water F1 discharged from the steam drum 21 at any time, and separates the separated water F2 (pure water) containing no unnecessary ions from the separated water F2 containing unnecessary ions. It is a device for separating into separated water F3. Since the boiler blow water F1 and the filtrate F11 biologically treated by the water treatment device 51 are introduced into the ion removal device 52 shown in FIG. be done. The filtrate F11 contains sodium ions (Na + ) and chloride ions (Cl ⁇ ) that are not removed by the biological treatment of the water treatment device 51 .
- the boiler blow water F1 contains phosphate ions (PO 4 3 ⁇ ). Therefore, when the mixed liquid is supplied to the ion removing device 52, the water to be separated F3 containing sodium ions (Na + ), chloride ions (Cl ⁇ ), phosphate ions (PO 4 3 ⁇ ), These unnecessary ions are removed to produce separated water F2, which is pure water.
- the rest of the boiler blow water F1 not supplied to the ion removing device 52 is introduced into the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30 and subjected to inorganic water treatment.
- the reused water F14 that has undergone water treatment in the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30 is sprayed by an important device in the plant, for example, the cooling tower 16 for cooling the exhaust gas, so it can be reused. It is desirable to introduce a part of the boiler blow water F1 into the ion removal device 52 instead of the whole amount so as not to cause a shortage of the water F14.
- the entire amount of the boiler blow water F1 discharged from the steam drum 21 may be supplied to the ion removing device 52 instead of the part of the boiler blow water F1 to be used as a raw material for hydrogen production.
- the "remainder of the boiler blow water F1" is naturally zero, the boiler blow water F1 is not supplied to the waste water treatment system 30, and the entire amount of the boiler blow water F1 is supplied to the ion removal device 52, and is used as a raw material for hydrogen production. used as
- the ion remover 52 incorporates, for example, an RO membrane (reverse osmosis membrane) or an ion exchange resin.
- the RO membrane is a membrane that allows hydrogen ions (H + ) and hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ) in water to pass through and blocks other unwanted ions from passing through.
- the ion exchange resin is a gel-like synthetic resin bead that replaces unnecessary ions in water with hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions.
- the separated water F2 is supplied to the water electrolysis device 53, and the water to be separated F3 is supplied to the electrolysis device 54 different from the water electrolysis device 53.
- the water electrolysis device 53 is a device that electrolyzes the separated water F2 (pure water). Since the water electrolysis device 53 is a device for electrolyzing pure water, although not shown, in addition to the separated water F2, the pure water F13 generated by the methanation device 46 is supplied to the water electrolysis device 53, and the amount of hydrogen produced is may be increased. When the water electrolyzer 53 produces a predetermined amount of hydrogen F4, if the separated water F2 made from the boiler blow water F1 is insufficient, pure water F13 produced by the methanation device 46, Pure water F13 and F15 other than the separated water F2, such as pure water F15 produced by the water purifier 27, may be mixed and supplied to the water electrolysis device 53.
- a water electrolysis apparatus is equipped with a heating device for heating room-temperature pure water in order to perform electrolysis efficiently.
- the water electrolysis device 53 in the embodiment or modified example does not need to be equipped with a heating device. This is because the boiler blow water F1, which is the raw material for hydrogen production in the water electrolysis device 53, is at a high temperature, so the separated water F2 separated by the ion removal device 52 can be adjusted to a higher temperature (approximately 70° C. to 90° C.) than normal temperature. is.
- the water electrolysis device 53 can electrolyze pure water and liquid mixtures at temperatures higher than room temperature. Therefore, the water electrolysis device 53 can efficiently produce hydrogen without the heating device, and is therefore cost-effective.
- the temperature of the pure water or the mixed liquid can be adjusted to a temperature higher than normal temperature, if the temperature is insufficient for hydrogen production, the water electrolysis device 53 may be added with the above-mentioned heating device, for example. , the waste steam may be supplied to the heating device for heating.
- Electric power for operating the water electrolysis device 53 can be electric power generated by the steam turbine 23, the generator 24, or the gas engine described above.
- the separated water F2 supplied to the water electrolysis device 53 is generated from the boiler blow water F1, which is plant waste water, it is free of raw material cost and does not need to be separately purchased. Therefore, hydrogen F4, which is a valuable resource, can be economically produced from boiler blow water F1, which is plant waste water.
- the separated water F2 is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen F4 (H2) and oxygen F5 ( O2 ).
- Hydrogen F4 is introduced into methanation device 46 .
- the oxygen F5 may be released into the atmosphere, or may be mixed with the combustion air supplied to the inside of the refuse incinerator 13 to promote combustion of the waste.
- the boiler blow water F1 since at least a part of the boiler blow water F1 is used as a raw material for the water electrolysis device 53, compared to the conventional method in which the entire amount of the boiler blow water F1 is introduced into the inorganic waste water treatment facility 32 of the waste water treatment system 30, the inorganic waste water The load of water treatment in the wastewater treatment facility 32 can be reduced.
- the electrolyzer 54 is a device that electrolyzes the water to be separated F3, and uses sodium ions and chloride ions contained in the water to be separated F3 to generate a sodium hypochlorite solution F16 (NaClO solution). can be done. Electric power for operating the electrolytic device 54 can be electric power generated by the steam turbine 23, the generator 24, or the aforementioned gas engine.
- the sodium hypochlorite solution F16 generated by the electrolyzer 54 may be sprayed as a sterilizing agent for the platform 11 of a refuse incinerator plant, which is a combustion furnace plant, and roads, for example, or as a disinfectant for rooms in the plant.
- Both the filtrate F10 of the methane fermentation device 42 and the boiler blow water F1 are plant waste water, and the sodium hypochlorite solution F16 is produced in the electrolytic device 54 using these plant waste water as raw materials without the need for raw material costs, so it is excellent in terms of cost effectiveness. .
- the economically produced sodium hypochlorite solution F16 can maintain good sanitary conditions in the combustion furnace plant and improve the working environment.
- the electrolysis system 50' in the first modification will now be described.
- a major difference of the electrolysis system 50 ′ from the electrolysis system 50 is that the electrolysis system 50 ′ does not have the electrolyzer 54 and the filtrate F 11 is directly supplied to the water electrolyzer 53 .
- the electrolysis system 50 ′ only the boiler blow water F 1 is supplied to the ion removal device 52 , and the separated water F 2 produced by the ion removal device 52 is supplied to the water electrolysis device 53 .
- the water to be separated F3 is supplied to the inorganic wastewater treatment facility 32 of the wastewater treatment system 30 and subjected to water treatment.
- the electrolysis in the water electrolysis device 53 produces hydrogen F4 and sodium hypochlorite solution F17. be.
- the electrolysis system 50' can also economically produce the sodium hypochlorite solution F17.
- the sodium hypochlorite solution F17 produced economically can maintain good sanitary conditions in the combustion furnace plant and improve the working environment.
- the embodiment and the first modified example have been described above.
- the amount of methane F6 produced is about 1.9 tons, and carbon dioxide F7 is produced.
- the production amount is about 3.5 tons.
- the recovery rate of methane F6 in the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 is, for example, about 92% (performance varies depending on the type of carbon dioxide separation membrane 45, etc.)
- the entire amount of carbon dioxide F7 is introduced into the methanation device 46. Assuming that, about 3.45 tons of carbon dioxide F7 and about 0.1 tons of methane component will be introduced into the methanation device 46 .
- the amount of methane F6 separated by the carbon dioxide separation membrane 45 is about 1.8 tons.
- the ion removal device 52 obtains about 5.65 tons of separated water F2 from about 6 tons of boiler blow water F1, so that the water electrolysis device 53 obtains about 0.63 tons of hydrogen F4.
- methanation is performed in the methanation device 46 using all of this hydrogen F4 and carbon dioxide F7, about 1.4 tons of methane F12 and about 2.8 tons of pure water F13 are produced. Therefore, a total of 3.2 tons of methane F6 and F12, which are valuable materials, can be obtained from methane F6 (secondary methane) and methane F12 (first methane), and the emission of carbon dioxide F7 can be substantially reduced.
- the carbon dioxide separator 60 carbon dioxide F18 contained in the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace can also be recovered. Further, the electric power generated by the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 can be supplied to devices requiring electric power, such as the methanation device 46 and the water electrolysis device 53 in the hydrogen production system 1 .
- the raw material cost of the boiler blow water F1 which is plant waste water
- the carbon dioxide F7 used for methanation also has a raw material cost of zero
- the methanation device 46 , water electrolysis device 53, and the like can be substantially reduced to zero cost.
- Carbon dioxide F18 discharged from the plant can be reduced.
- the hydrogen production system 1 of the embodiment and the first modified example can be said to be a hydrogen production system 1 that enables realization of a decarbonized society, which is a recent global environmental issue.
- the other systems that are not changed in the above another example are the Alternatively, it may be the same as the first modified example.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as those described in the embodiment and the first modified example, and descriptions of the configurations and effects are omitted.
- the inflow and outflow of liquid or gas, the transfer of objects, etc. may be the same. omitted.
- a hydrogen production system 1 of a second modified example will be described with reference to FIG.
- the hydrogen production system 1 of the second modification differs from the hydrogen production system 1 of the embodiment or the first modification in the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40'.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40' like the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40, is a system that generates high-purity carbon dioxide F7 and F19 without a special concentration process.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 includes at least the methane fermentation device 42 as an example, but the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40' includes at least the alcohol fermentation device 66 as an example.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide production system 40' of FIG. 4 produces high-purity carbon dioxide F7, F19 from both the alcohol fermentation device 66 and the methane fermentation device 42, but the methane fermentation device 42 is not necessarily provided.
- the alcohol fermentation system 65 includes an alcohol fermentation device 66 and a solid-liquid separation device 67 that solid-liquid separates the mash F20 produced in the alcohol fermentation device 66 into alcohol F21 and residue F22.
- the solid-liquid separator 67 is, for example, a screw press, a belt press, or the like.
- biomass such as waste wood and bacas (sugar cane residue) is introduced into the pretreatment device 41 .
- the biomass is hydrolyzed and saccharified in the pretreatment device 41 to produce glucose.
- the glucose produced in the pretreatment device 41 is then introduced into the alcohol fermentation device 66 of the alcohol fermentation system 65 .
- the yeast is supplied to the alcoholic fermentation device 66 and alcoholic fermentation is performed.
- a chemical reaction formula for producing alcohol F21 (C 2 H 5 OH) and carbon dioxide F19 using glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is illustrated below.
- Moromi F20 produced in the alcohol fermentation device 66 by alcohol fermentation is separated into alcohol F21 and residue F22 by the solid-liquid separation device 67, and the residue F22 becomes the raw material of the methane fermentation device . That is, the methane fermentation device 42 performs methane fermentation using the residue F22.
- the alcohol F21 is concentrated by a distillation apparatus or a dehydrator (not shown), and can be sold as valuable alcoholic beverages.
- the carbon dioxide F19 discharged from the alcohol fermentation device 66 by alcohol fermentation does not contain nitrogen oxides or particulate matter unlike exhaust gas from a combustion furnace or an internal combustion engine, and is a high-purity carbon dioxide that does not contain impurities. carbon dioxide F19, in other words, extremely clean carbon dioxide F19. Therefore, carbon dioxide F19 can be used directly as a feedstock for the methanation device 46 of the methanation system 72 or as a feedstock for plant photosynthesis in the plant growth facility 48 without purification or filtering. .
- the carbon dioxide F19 may be stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 49 .
- the carbon dioxide F19 generated by alcohol fermentation in the alcohol fermentation device 66 is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 49 or used as a raw material for the methanation device 46 and the plant growth facility 48, so the combustion furnace The amount of carbon dioxide F19 emitted to the outside of the plant can be greatly reduced.
- the gas discharged from the alcohol fermentation device 66 is carbon dioxide F19, it may contain a trace amount of impurities such as sulfur depending on the type of biomass. Therefore, in this case, the impurities may be removed using an impure gas removing device such as a desulfurization device (not shown).
- a hydrogen production system 1 of a third modification will be described with reference to FIG.
- the hydrogen production system 1 of the third modification differs from the hydrogen production system 1 of the embodiment or the first modification in the boiler-equipped combustion system 10' and the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40''.
- the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 ′ is, like the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 , at least a combustion furnace 68 and a boiler 20 that generates steam from heat burned in the combustion furnace 68 .
- the boiler-equipped combustion system 10 includes the refuse incinerator 13 as an example of the combustion furnace 68, the boiler-equipped combustion system 10' need not necessarily be the refuse incinerator 13.
- the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40′′ is a system that generates high-purity carbon dioxide without a special concentration process.
- High-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40 , 40' includes, as an example, the methane fermentation device 42 and the alcohol fermentation device 66, but the high-purity carbon dioxide generation system 40'' includes, as an example, at least a gasification furnace 69 for gasifying woody biomass.
- woody biomass such as waste wood is introduced into the pretreatment device 41 and crushed.
- the waste wood crushed by the pretreatment device 41 is introduced into the gasification furnace 69 and gasified in the gasification furnace 69 . Since the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 69 contains tar, it is supplied to a tar reformer 70 that reforms or removes tar. Then, the gasification gas from which the tar is reformed or removed by the tar reformer 70 is introduced into the desulfurization device 71 .
- other impurities may be removed using an impure gas remover.
- the gasified gas from which trace amounts of sulfur and impurities have been removed by the desulfurization device 71 or the like is supplied to the methanation device 46 of the methanation system 72 as a raw material for methanation.
- the pyrolysis residue generated by the gasification gas coming out of the waste wood in the gasification furnace 69 is burned in the combustion furnace 68 of the boiler-equipped combustion system 10'. Further, the heat generated by the combustion in the combustion furnace 68 heats the gasification furnace 69 to promote gasification in the gasification furnace 69 .
- the gasification gas generated in the gasification furnace 69 is used as the raw material for the methanation device 46, so the amount of carbon dioxide emitted from the gasification furnace 69 to the outside of the combustion furnace plant is greatly reduced. can.
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Abstract
Description
また、メタン発酵で生じた二酸化炭素と水電解装置で生成した水素とを用いてメタネーション(メタン合成)を実施し、生成されたメタンを都市ガスとして利用する技術や、ガスエンジン等の燃料としてメタンを活用する技術も開発されている(特許文献2参照)。
さらに、ごみ焼却炉プラントに水電解装置を設置し、水電解装置で生成した水素と空気中の窒素とからアンモニアを合成し、そのアンモニアをガスエンジン等の燃料として活用する技術も開発されている(特許文献3参照)。
しかし、水電解装置で効率よく水素を生成するには、不純物を含まない水を使用する必要がある。この点に関して、特許文献3の技術では、いわゆるスクラバーである減温塔を集塵機の上流側に設置し、減温後の冷却排水を水電解装置に供給している。しかし、この冷却排水には、排ガス中の飛灰、重金属、排ガス処理用の薬品が含有されているため、そのまま水電解装置に供給することはできない。
なお、総合排水処理システムは、燃焼炉とボイラを備えた燃焼炉プラントであれば、ごみ焼却炉プラント以外のプラント、例えば、火力発電プラントや化学プラントなどにも備えられている。
燃焼炉と、前記燃焼炉で燃焼した熱で蒸気を生成するボイラとを少なくとも備えるボイラ付燃焼システムと、
前記ボイラから排出されるボイラブロー水のうち、少なくとも一部の前記ボイラブロー水が導入されて不要イオンを除去した分離水と前記不要イオンを含有する被分離水とを生成するイオン除去装置と、前記分離水を電気分解することで水素を生成する水電解装置とを少なくとも備える電解システムと、
前記ボイラブロー水の残部を含み、前記燃焼炉プラントで生じるプラント排水に対して無機系の水処理を行う無機系排水処理施設を少なくとも備える排水処理システムと
を有する。
従って、排水処理システムの水処理の負荷を低減し、且つ、燃焼炉プラントで生じるプラント排水を利用した電気分解により経済的に水素を生成できる水素製造システムを提供することができる。
図1は、本発明の実施例であり、図2は、本発明の第一変形例である。実施例及び第一変形例の水素製造システム1は、ボイラ付燃焼システム10と、排水処理システム(総合排水処理システム)30と、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40と、電解システム50(第一変形例では50′)と、メタネーションシステム72とを有する複合処理施設である。
実施例と第一変形例とでは、水素製造システム1の備える電解システム50、50′の構成が異なるのみであるので、ここでは、実施例と第一変形例とを同時に説明する。
これらのシステム10、30、40、50(50′)、72は、全てのシステムが一つの建物内に設けられてもよいし、各々のシステムに対応した個別の建物に設けられてもよい。また、これら全システムが同一の敷地に設けられてもよいし、別個の敷地、例えば、互いに遠方の敷地に設けられてもよい。各々のシステムが互いに遠方の敷地に設けられる場合は、パイプラインや自動車搬送などで、各々のシステムを適宜接続すればよい。
まず、上述の5つのシステム10、30、40、50(50′)、72について概要を説明し、その後、当該各システムの具体的構成及び効果について詳述する。
ボイラ付燃焼システム10は、燃焼炉と、燃焼炉で燃焼した熱で蒸気を生成するボイラとを少なくとも備えるシステムである。水素製造システム1が適用される燃焼炉プラントは、燃焼炉で燃焼される燃料(廃棄物、石炭など)やその目的に応じて、ごみ焼却炉プラント、火力発電プラント、化学プラントなど、多様である。
ボイラ付燃焼システム10は、ボイラ20を備えるため、後述のボイラブロー水F1が必ず排出される。
なお、実施例及び第一変形例では、ボイラ付燃焼システム10は、燃焼炉の一例としてごみ焼却炉13を備えている。
なお、実施例及び第一変形例の水素製造システム1は、燃焼炉プラントの一種であるごみ焼却炉プラントに適用された例を示しているので、排水処理システム30は有機系排水処理施設31と無機系排水処理施設32のいずれも備えている。しかし、有機成分がプラント排水に含有されない燃焼炉プラント、例えば、火力発電プラントなどでは、排水処理システム30は、有機系排水処理施設31を含まず、無機系排水処理施設32のみの場合もありうる。
高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40は、メタン発酵装置42のほか、アルコール発酵装置66(第二変形例として図4を用いて後述)、木質バイオマスをガス化するガス化炉69(第三変形例として図5を用いて後述)などを少なくとも含んで構成してもよい。
ボイラ20に供給される水は純水F15であるが、例えば、清缶剤、防食剤(脱酸素剤)、スケール防止剤などの薬品が低濃度で添加され、ボイラ20内に貯留された水は弱アルカリ性に調整される。このため、従来、ボイラブロー水F1は、高濃度の薬品や灰などの不純物を多量に含む他のプラント排水と混合され、総合排水処理施設で水処理されてきた。
しかし、ボイラ20内に貯留された水は、純水F15に低濃度の薬品が添加されたものであり、灰や重金属を含んでおらず、燃焼炉を備えたプラント内の他のプラント排水と比べ格段に純水F15に近いため、ボイラ20から随時排出されるボイラブロー水F1を、純水F15を必要とする水電解装置53に利用すれば、効率よく経済的に水素F4を生成することができると発明者は考えた。
そこで、ボイラブロー水F1を利用して水電解装置53で水素F4を生成する構成を基本とし、水電解装置53で生成した水素F4を用いてメタンF12などの有価物を生成することができ、さらに燃焼炉プラントから排出される二酸化炭素F18を削減できる水素製造システム1、言い換えれば、近年の世界の環境課題である脱炭素社会の実現を可能とする水素製造システム1を発明した。
以上、実施例及び第一変形例が備える5つのシステム10、30、40、50(50′)、72について概要を説明した。そこで、以下、各システムの構成及び効果を詳述する。
では、図1、図2を用いて、水素製造システム1の詳細を説明する。上述のように、実施例及び第一変形例は、燃焼炉プラントのうち、本発明の水素製造システム1がごみ焼却炉プラントに適用された例である。
ごみ焼却炉プラントは、例えば、都市ごみや産業廃棄物等のごみ、すなわち廃棄物を焼却処理する施設である。ボイラ付燃焼システム10には、ごみ搬入車両(ごみ収集車、トラック、ダンプカー等)が廃棄物を荷下ろしする空間であるプラットフォーム11や、ごみ搬入車両から荷下ろしされた廃棄物が投入されて一時的に貯留されるごみピット12(ごみ貯留槽)が設けられる。ごみピット12に投入された廃棄物は、ごみクレーンによってごみ焼却炉13へと移送される。
プラットフォーム11を洗浄した排水(プラットフォーム洗浄排水)やごみピット12に貯留された廃棄物からしみ出た排水(ピット排水)は、一般的に有機成分を含むため、プラント排水として排水処理システム30の有機系排水処理施設31で水処理される。
なお、減温塔16において、排水処理システム30の無機系排水処理施設32で水処理されたプラント排水(再利用水F14)を噴霧して排ガスを減温すれば、水道水を噴霧する場合に比べ、費用対効果の観点で優れる。ここで、減温塔16は、特許文献3のスクラバーではなく、ごみ焼却炉プラントで一般的に使用される減温塔16、すなわち、噴霧された水(例えば、再利用水F14)は高温の排ガスによって実質的に全て蒸発するような減温塔16が望ましい。噴霧された水が実質的に全て蒸発するので減温塔16からプラント排水が排出されず、排水処理システム30における水処理の負荷を低減することができる。
また、飛灰洗浄装置18において、排水処理システム30の無機系排水処理施設32で水処理されたプラント排水(再利用水F14)で塵(飛灰)を洗浄すれば、水道水で洗浄する場合に比べ、費用対効果の観点で優れる。
ボイラブロー水F1は、蒸気ドラム21の下方に配置されたブロー配管29から随時排出される。
なお、廃蒸気は高温であるので、後述の二酸化炭素分離装置60、メタネーション装置46、前処理装置41(可溶化や水熱処理の場合)など、プラント内で加温が必要な装置に適宜供給して利用すれば、電力会社から購入した電力を使用して加温するよりも費用対効果の観点で優れる。
また、排水処理システム30の無機系排水処理施設32で水処理されたプラント排水(再利用水F14)を純水装置27に供給し、純水装置27で純水F15を製造すれば、水道水を供給する場合に比べ、費用対効果の観点で優れる。
図3の二酸化炭素分離装置60は、吸収器61と熱交換器62と脱離器63と再加熱器64とを有する。
熱交換器62は、吸収器61から流出したアミン溶液の温度を上昇させるための装置である。熱交換器62には、後述する脱離器63から流出した比較的高温のアミン溶液が、熱源として導入される。高温のアミン溶液が持つ熱量は、熱交換器62の内部で低温のアミン溶液へと移動する。ここで昇温したアミン溶液(二酸化炭素F18を含有するアミン溶液)は、脱離器63に導入される。
脱離器63は、二酸化炭素F18をアミン溶液から脱離させるための装置である。脱離器63に導入されたアミン溶液は、脱離器63の内部に噴霧される。これにより、アミン溶液中に吸収されていた二酸化炭素F18が脱離し、脱離器63の上方から流出して二酸化炭素貯留タンク49に貯留される。
脱離器63には、内部に導入されたアミン溶液を循環させながら加温するための再加熱器64が併設される。再加熱器64では、例えば、蒸気タービン23の廃蒸気を利用して、アミン溶液の温度を上昇させてもよい。
二酸化炭素分離装置60と二酸化炭素貯留タンク49により、排ガス中の二酸化炭素F18の燃焼炉プラントの外部への排出量を大幅に削減できる。
では、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40の各構成について詳述する。
実施例および第一変形例の水素製造システム1においては、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40は、メタン発酵により高純度の二酸化炭素F7を生成するシステムであるとして説明する。特に、ここでは、メタン発酵の原料として、ごみ焼却炉プラントに搬入された廃棄物に含まれる有機物を使用する。原料として廃棄物に含まれる有機物を使用するので、原料費が不要であり、費用対効果の観点で優れる。
前処理装置41は、原料から発酵不適物を除去し、発酵適物の性状を整える前処理(例えば、破砕、可溶化、水熱処理など)を実施する装置である。原料は、例えば、ごみピット12から移送される。
前処理装置41で適切に前処理がなされた原料は、メタン発酵装置42に導入される。
バイオガスF8には、少なくともメタンF6(CH4)及び二酸化炭素F7(CO2)の2種が、バイオガスF8の大部分を占める主成分として含まれる。
メタン発酵装置42で生成されたバイオガスF8は、二酸化炭素分離膜45に導入され、発酵残渣F9は、脱水機43へと移送される。脱水機43は、例えばトロンメルなどである。
脱水機43は、発酵残渣F9を脱水して濾液F10と残余物(脱水汚泥)とに分離する装置である。ここで分離された濾液F10は、電解システム50、50′の水処理装置51に移送される。また、当該残余物(脱水汚泥)は、コンベヤ44でごみピット12に移送され、ごみ焼却炉13で焼却される。
二酸化炭素分離膜45で分離された二酸化炭素F7は、燃焼炉や内燃機関の排ガスのように窒素酸化物や粒子状物質(Particulate matter)を含むものではなく、不純物を含まない高純度の二酸化炭素F7、言い換えれば、極めてクリーンな二酸化炭素F7である。従って、二酸化炭素F7を、浄化処理やフィルタ処理なしに直接的に、メタネーションシステム72のメタネーション装置46の原料として、または、植物育成設備48における植物の光合成の原料として、使用することができる。二酸化炭素F7は、二酸化炭素貯留タンク49に貯留してもよい。
なお、植物育成設備48には、二酸化炭素F7を貯留する貯留設備(二酸化炭素タンク、二酸化炭素ボンベ)や、光合成で成長する植物に二酸化炭素F7を供給して植物を育成する建物及び設備(植物工場、栽培用温室、栽培用水槽等)が含まれる。植物育成設備48では、例えば藻、草花、野菜、青果物、観葉植物、多肉植物、樹木等が栽培されうる。
メタンF6をガスエンジンで燃焼させた場合に生じる排ガスは、EGR(排ガス再循環)用のガスとしてごみ焼却炉13へ導入し、ごみ焼却炉13で発生する排ガス中に含まれる窒素酸化物(NOx)の量を低減させてもよい。また、メタンF6を燃料としてガスエンジンで発電した場合、蒸気タービン23及び発電機24で発電した電力と同様に、メタネーション装置46、水電解装置53、電解装置54等を作動させる電力として活用できる。
なお、二酸化炭素分離膜45で二酸化炭素F7が分離された残余ガスは実質的にメタンF6であるが、微量の硫黄分などが含まれる場合がある。そこで、この場合には、図示しない脱硫装置などの不純ガス除去装置を用いて当該残余ガスからメタンF6以外の不純ガスを取り除き、メタンF6としてもよい。
メタネーションシステム72が備えるメタネーション装置46は、二酸化炭素F7及び後述の水電解装置53が生成した水素F4を合成してメタンF12(請求項に記載の「第一メタン」)を生成する装置である。ここでは、例えば、共電解反応を介したメタン化反応やサバティエ反応により、二酸化炭素F7及び水素F4からメタンF12や純水F13が合成される(当該合成技術をメタネーションという)。メタネーション装置46には、メタン合成に係る触媒が内蔵された反応器(触媒容器)が設けられ、その内部でメタンF12が生成される。反応器内の温度や圧力は、所望の反応に適した触媒活性が得られる範囲、例えば、約250℃、約20~30気圧に制御される。メタネーション装置46の加温や高圧化には、蒸気タービン23の廃蒸気を使用することができる。
なお、約20~30気圧は比較的高圧であるため、これより低い圧力でメタネーションができるよう、近年、メタネーション装置46は低圧化の開発が進められている。
メタネーション装置46で合成されたメタンF12は、メタンガス利用設備47に供給されて使用され、あるいは貯留される。また、メタネーション装置46で生成された純水F13は、純水装置27を介さずにそのまま蒸気ドラム21に導入してもよい。
これにより、装置の作動用の電力や純水製造の観点で、燃焼炉プラントの運転コストを低減することができる。
共電解反応 : CO2+3H2O→ CO+3H2+2O2
メタン化反応 : CO+3H2 → CH4+H2O
サバティエ反応 : CO2+4H2 → CH4+2H2O
実施例と第一変形例では、各々の電解システム50、50′の構成が異なるので、まず、実施例における電解システム50について説明し、その後、第一変形例における電解システム50′について説明する。
実施例における電解システム50は、水処理装置51と、イオン除去装置52と、水電解装置53と、電解装置54とを有する。
水処理装置51は、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40の脱水機43で分離され、有機成分を含む濾液F10を生物処理する有機系の水処理装置51(生物処理装置)である。
水処理装置51は、排水処理システム30の有機系排水処理施設31と同様に生物処理を行うが、濾液F10の量は有機系排水処理施設31が処理するプラント排水の量に比べて少量である。従って、水処理装置51は、有機系排水処理施設31に比べて大幅に小型な装置であり、安価である。水処理装置51で生物処理された濾液F11は、イオン除去装置52に導入される。
濾液F11には、水処理装置51の生物処理では除去されないナトリウムイオン(Na+)や塩化物イオン(Cl-)が含まれる。一方、薬品添加装置28で添加される防食剤にリン酸系の薬品が含まれている場合には、ボイラブロー水F1にリン酸イオン(PO4 3-)が含まれる。
従って、上記混合された液体がイオン除去装置52に供給されると、ナトリウムイオン(Na+)、塩化物イオン(Cl-)、リン酸イオン(PO4 3-)を含む被分離水F3と、これら不要イオンが除去されて純水となった分離水F2が生成される。
排水処理システム30の無機系排水処理施設32で水処理がなされた再利用水F14は、プラント内の重要な装置、例えば、排ガスの冷却のために減温塔16で噴霧されるため、再利用水F14が不足する事態が生じないよう、イオン除去装置52へはボイラブロー水F1の全量ではなく一部を導入するのが望ましい。しかし、設計上可能であれば、上記一部のボイラブロー水F1ではなく、蒸気ドラム21から随時排出されるボイラブロー水F1の全量をイオン除去装置52に供給して水素製造の原料としてもよい。この場合は、上記「ボイラブロー水F1の残部」は当然にゼロであり、ボイラブロー水F1は排水処理システム30に供給されず、全量のボイラブロー水F1がイオン除去装置52に供給され、水素製造の原料として使用される。
分離水F2は水電解装置53に供給され、被分離水F3は水電解装置53とは異なる電解装置54に供給される。
ここで、一般的に、水電解装置は、効率よく電気分解を行うため、常温の純水を加温する加温装置を備えている。しかし、実施例又は変形例における水電解装置53は加温装置を備える必要がない。なぜなら、水電解装置53における水素製造の原料であるボイラブロー水F1は高温であるため、イオン除去装置52で分離される分離水F2は常温よりも高温(約70℃~90℃)に調整できるからである。このため、上述の分離水F2以外の純水を混合する場合のみならず、分離水F2に濾液F11を混合する場合(後述の第一変形例における電解システム50′)においても、水電解装置53は、常温よりも温度の高い純水や混合液を電気分解することができる。従って、水電解装置53は、当該加温装置を備えなくても効率よく水素を製造することができるので、費用対効果に優れる。もちろん、当該純水や混合液の温度を常温よりも高い温度に調整できるとはいえ水素製造に適した所定の温度に足りない場合には、水電解装置53に上記加温装置を加え、例えば、当該加温装置に上記廃蒸気を供給して加温してもよい。
水電解装置53を作動させる電力には、蒸気タービン23及び発電機24や上述のガスエンジンで発電された電力を使用することができる。また、水電解装置53に供給する分離水F2は、プラント排水であるボイラブロー水F1から生成するので原料費無料で別途購入する必要がない。従って、プラント排水であるボイラブロー水F1から有価物である水素F4を経済的に製造できる。
なお、ボイラブロー水F1の少なくとも一部が水電解装置53の原料として使用されるため、ボイラブロー水F1の全量を排水処理システム30の無機系排水処理施設32に導入していた従来に比べ、無機系排水処理施設32における水処理の負荷を軽減できる。
電解装置54を作動させる電力には、蒸気タービン23及び発電機24や先述のガスエンジンで発電された電力を使用することができる。
電解装置54で生成された次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液F16は、例えば、燃焼炉プラントであるごみ焼却炉プラントのプラットフォーム11や道路の除菌剤として散布してもよいし、当該プラント内の部屋や設備の除菌清掃のため、持ち運んで使用できるように、バケツやペットボトル等の容器に注いでもよい。
メタン発酵装置42の濾液F10もボイラブロー水F1もプラント排水であり、これらプラント排水を原料費不要の原料として電解装置54で次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液F16を製造するので、費用対効果の観点で優れる。また、経済的に製造した次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液F16で燃焼炉プラントの衛生状態を良好に維持でき、作業環境を改善することができる。
陽極 : 2Cl- → Cl2+2e
陰極 : 2Na++2H2O+2e → 2NaOH+H2
液中 : Cl2+2NaOH → NaClO+NaCl+H2O
電解システム50′が、電解システム50と異なる大きな点は、電解システム50′は電解装置54を備えておらず、濾液F11が直接的に水電解装置53に供給される点である。電解システム50′においては、イオン除去装置52には、ボイラブロー水F1のみが供給され、イオン除去装置52で生成された分離水F2は水電解装置53に供給される。また、被分離水F3は排水処理システム30の無機系排水処理施設32に供給され、水処理される。
電解システム50′の水電解装置53には、分離水F2と濾液F11とが混合されて導入されるので、水電解装置53における電気分解により、水素F4と次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液F17が生成される。
電解システム50′も、電解システム50と同様に、経済的に次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液F17を製造できる。そして、経済的に製造した次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液F17で燃焼炉プラントの衛生状態を良好に維持でき、作業環境を改善することができる。
実施例または第一変形例の水素製造システム1において、メタン発酵装置42に、例えば、約30トンの有機物が投入されると、メタンF6の生成量が約1.9トンとなり、二酸化炭素F7の生成量が約3.5トンとなる。ここで、二酸化炭素分離膜45におけるメタンF6の回収率が、例えば約92%(二酸化炭素分離膜45の種類等により性能が異なる)である場合、二酸化炭素F7の全量がメタネーション装置46に導入されるとすると、二酸化炭素F7が約3.45トンと、約0.1トンのメタン成分がメタネーション装置46に導入されることになる。また、二酸化炭素分離膜45で分離されたメタンF6は、約1.8トンとなる。
一方、イオン除去装置52では、約6トンのボイラブロー水F1から約5.65トンの分離水F2が得られるので、水電解装置53で約0.63トンの水素F4が得られる。
この水素F4と二酸化炭素F7とを全量使用してメタネーション装置46でメタネーションをした場合、メタンF12が約1.4トン生成され、純水F13が約2.8トン生成される。
よって、メタンF6(第二メタン)とメタンF12(第一メタン)とで有価物である合計3.2トンのメタンF6、F12を得ることができるとともに、二酸化炭素F7の排出量を実質的にゼロにすることができる。
その上、二酸化炭素分離装置60を備えることで、燃焼炉の排ガスに含まれる二酸化炭素F18も回収することができる。
さらに、水素製造システム1内のメタネーション装置46や水電解装置53など、電力を要する装置にボイラ付燃焼システム10で発電した電力を供給することもできる。
では、次に、実施例及び第一変形例の水素製造システム1に含まれる高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40を、別の例である高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40′とした水素製造システム1を、図4を用い、第二変形例として説明する。また、実施例及び第一変形例の水素製造システム1に含まれるボイラ付燃焼システム10を、別の例であるボイラ付燃焼システム10′とし、実施例及び第一変形例の水素製造システム1に含まれる高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40を、別の例である高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40″とした水素製造システム1を、図5を用い、第三変形例として説明する。
第二変形例及び第三変形例の水素製造システム1において、5つのシステム10、30、40、50(50′)、72のうち、上記別の例に変更がない他のシステムは、実施例または第一変形例と同一でよい。
実施例及び第一変形例で説明した構成と同一の構成については、同一の符号を付して構成及び効果の説明を省略する。また、実施例及び第一変形例で示した構成と同一の構成については、液体または気体の流入や流出、物体の移送などは同一でよいため、これらの流入、流出、移送の一部の図示を省略する。
図4を用いて、第二変形例の水素製造システム1について説明する。第二変形例の水素製造システム1は、実施例または第一変形例の水素製造システム1の構成のうち、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40′が異なる。
高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40′は、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40と同様、特段の濃縮工程を経ずに高純度の二酸化炭素F7、F19を生成するシステムである。高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40では、一例として、メタン発酵装置42を少なくとも備えていたが、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40′では、一例として、アルコール発酵装置66を少なくとも備える。
図4の高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40′は、アルコール発酵装置66とメタン発酵装置42の双方から高純度の二酸化炭素F7、F19を生成するが、メタン発酵装置42を必ずしも備える必要はない。
まず、前処理装置41に、廃木材やバカス(サトウキビの搾りかす)などのバイオマスが導入される。当該バイオマスは、前処理装置41で加水分解及び糖化され、グルコースが生成される。
次に、前処理装置41で生成されたグルコースは、アルコール発酵システム65のアルコール発酵装置66に導入される。そして、アルコール発酵装置66に酵母菌が供給され、アルコール発酵がなされる。
グルコース(C6H12O6)を用いたアルコールF21(C2H5OH)及び二酸化炭素F19の生成に係る化学反応式を、以下に例示する。
アルコール発酵 : C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH+2CO2
アルコールF21は、図示しない蒸留装置や脱水装置により濃縮され、有価物であるアルコール飲料などとして販売可能である。
第二変形例においては、アルコール発酵装置66におけるアルコール発酵により生じる二酸化炭素F19を二酸化炭素貯留タンク49に貯留したり、メタネーション装置46や植物育成設備48の原料に使用したりするので、燃焼炉プラントの外部への二酸化炭素F19の排出量を大幅に削減できる。
なお、アルコール発酵装置66から排出されるガスは、大部分が二酸化炭素F19であるが、バイオマスの種類によっては微量の硫黄分などの不純物が含まれる場合がある。そこで、この場合には、図示しない脱硫装置などの不純ガス除去装置を用いて当該不純物を除去すればよい。
図5を用いて、第三変形例の水素製造システム1について説明する。第三変形例の水素製造システム1は、実施例または第一変形例の水素製造システム1の構成のうち、ボイラ付燃焼システム10′と高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40″とが異なる。
ボイラ付燃焼システム10′は、ボイラ付燃焼システム10と同様、燃焼炉68と、燃焼炉68で燃焼した熱で蒸気を生成するボイラ20とを少なくとも備えるシステムである。ボイラ付燃焼システム10は、燃焼炉68の一例としてごみ焼却炉13を備えていたが、ボイラ付燃焼システム10′の燃焼炉68はごみ焼却炉13でなくともよい。後述のようにガス化炉69と燃焼炉68とが一対をなすように形成される場合は、一般的に燃焼炉68として流動床炉が使用される。
高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40″は、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40、40′と同様、特段の濃縮工程を経ずに高純度の二酸化炭素を生成するシステムである。高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40、40′では、一例として、メタン発酵装置42やアルコール発酵装置66を備えていたが、高純度二酸化炭素生成システム40″では、一例として、木質バイオマスをガス化するガス化炉69を少なくとも備える。
そして、タール改質装置70でタールが改質または除去されたガス化ガスは、脱硫装置71に導入される。図示しないが、このとき、その他の不純物については不純ガス除去装置を用いて当該不純物を除去してもよい。
脱硫装置71などで微量の硫黄分や不純物が除去されたガス化ガスは、メタネーションシステム72のメタネーション装置46に、メタネーションの原料として供給される。
なお、ガス化炉69にて廃木材からガス化ガスが抜け出して生成された熱分解残渣は、ボイラ付燃焼システム10′の燃焼炉68で燃焼される。また、燃焼炉68における燃焼で発生した熱で、ガス化炉69を加温し、ガス化炉69におけるガス化を促進させる。
第三変形例においては、ガス化炉69で生じるガス化ガスをメタネーション装置46の原料に使用するので、ガス化炉69からの燃焼炉プラントの外部への二酸化炭素の排出量を大幅に削減できる。
10、10′ ボイラ付燃焼システム
11 プラットフォーム
12 ごみピット
13 ごみ焼却炉
14 灰押出装置
15 煙道
16 減温塔
17 除塵装置(バグフィルタ、電気集塵機など)
18 飛灰洗浄装置
19 煙突
20 ボイラ
21 蒸気ドラム
22 排熱回収器(伝熱管、過熱管など)
23 蒸気タービン
24 発電機
25 復水器
26 脱気器
27 純水装置
28 薬品添加装置
29 ブロー配管
30 排水処理システム
31 有機系排水処理施設(生物処理施設など)
32 無機系排水処理施設
40、40′、40″ 高純度二酸化炭素生成システム
41 前処理装置
42 メタン発酵装置
43 脱水機(トロンメルなど)
44 コンベヤ
45 二酸化炭素分離膜
46 メタネーション装置
47 メタンガス利用設備
48 植物育成設備
49 二酸化炭素貯留タンク
50、50′ 電解システム
51 水処理装置(生物処理装置)
52 イオン除去装置
53 水電解装置
54 電解装置
60 二酸化炭素分離装置
61 吸収器
62 熱交換器
63 脱離器
64 再加熱器
65 アルコール発酵システム
66 アルコール発酵装置
67 固液分離装置(スクリュープレス、ベルトプレスなど)
68 燃焼炉
69 ガス化炉
70 タール改質装置
71 脱硫装置
72 メタネーションシステム
F1 ボイラブロー水
F2 分離水
F3 被分離水
F4 水素
F5 酸素
F6 メタン(メタン発酵装置42で生成され二酸化炭素分離膜45で分離されたもの、第二メタン)
F7 二酸化炭素(メタン発酵装置42で生成され二酸化炭素分離膜45で分離されたもの)
F8 バイオガス
F9 発酵残渣
F10 濾液(脱水機43で脱水されたもの)
F11 濾液(水処理装置51で生物処理されたもの)
F12 メタン(メタネーション装置46で生成されたもの、第一メタン)
F13 純水(メタネーション装置46で生成されたもの)
F14 再利用水
F15 純水(純水装置27で生成されたもの)
F16 次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液(電解装置54で生成されたもの)
F17 次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液(水電解装置53で生成されたもの)
F18 二酸化炭素(二酸化炭素分離装置60で分離されたもの)
F19 二酸化炭素(アルコール発酵装置66で分離されたもの)
F20 もろみ(アルコール発酵装置66で生成されたもの)
F21 アルコール(固液分離装置67で分離されたもの)
F22 残渣(固液分離装置67で分離されたもの)
Claims (7)
- 燃焼炉プラントに適用され、
燃焼炉と、前記燃焼炉で燃焼した熱で蒸気を生成するボイラとを少なくとも備えるボイラ付燃焼システムと、
前記ボイラから排出されるボイラブロー水のうち、少なくとも一部の前記ボイラブロー水が導入されて不要イオンを除去した分離水と前記不要イオンを含有する被分離水とを生成するイオン除去装置と、前記分離水を電気分解することで水素を生成する水電解装置とを少なくとも備える電解システムと、
前記ボイラブロー水の残部を含み、前記燃焼炉プラントで生じるプラント排水に対して無機系の水処理を行う無機系排水処理施設を少なくとも備える排水処理システムと
を有する水素製造システム。 - メタン発酵、アルコール発酵、または木質バイオマスのガス化により、高純度の二酸化炭素を生成する高純度二酸化炭素生成システムと、
前記二酸化炭素と前記水素とを用いたメタネーションにより第一メタンと純水とを生成するメタネーションシステムと
をさらに有する請求項1に記載の水素製造システム。 - メタンを都市ガスとして利用するガス管導入設備、家庭、企業、もしくは工場、または、メタンを燃焼させて発電するガスエンジンに、前記第一メタンを供給し、
または、
光合成で成長する植物を育成する植物育成設備に、前記二酸化炭素を供給し、
または、
二酸化炭素貯留タンクに、前記二酸化炭素を貯留する請求項2に記載の水素製造システム。 - 前記高純度二酸化炭素生成システムは、
メタン発酵により、前記二酸化炭素と第二メタンの少なくとも2種を含むバイオガス及び発酵残渣を生成するメタン発酵装置と、
前記バイオガスから前記二酸化炭素と前記第二メタンとを分離する二酸化炭素分離膜と、
前記発酵残渣を脱水して濾液を生成する脱水機と
を備え、
前記電解システムは、前記濾液を生物処理する水処理装置をさらに備え、
前記電解システムは、前記生物処理された前記濾液を用いて前記水電解装置または前記水電解装置と異なる電解装置で電気分解することで、前記濾液に含まれるナトリウムイオンと塩化物イオンを用いて次亜塩素酸ナトリウム溶液を生成し、
前記ガス管導入設備、前記家庭、前記企業、前記工場、または前記ガスエンジンに、前記第二メタンを供給する請求項3に記載の水素製造システム。 - 前記ボイラ付燃焼システムは、
前記燃焼炉で生じた排ガスを冷却する減温塔と、
前記減温塔で冷却された排ガスを除塵する除塵装置と、
前記除塵装置で除塵された排ガスに含有された二酸化炭素を前記排ガスから分離して前記二酸化炭素貯留タンクに貯留する二酸化炭素分離装置と
をさらに備え、
前記二酸化炭素分離装置は、アミン溶液を用いて前記排ガスに含有された二酸化炭素の吸収及び脱離を行う請求項4に記載の水素製造システム。 - 前記ボイラ付燃焼システムは、
前記蒸気を貯留する蒸気ドラムと、
前記蒸気ドラムに貯留された前記蒸気により羽根車を回転する蒸気タービンと、
前記回転により発電する発電機と
をさらに備え、
前記発電した電力は、前記水電解装置、前記異なる電解装置、または前記メタネーションシステムに供給され、
または、
前記羽根車を回転した後に生じる廃蒸気は、前記メタネーションシステムまたは前記二酸化炭素分離装置に供給され、
または、
前記純水は、前記蒸気ドラムに供給される請求項5に記載の水素製造システム。 - 前記燃焼炉プラントは、ごみ焼却炉プラント、火力発電プラント、または化学プラントのいずれか1つである請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の水素製造システム。
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JP2017089916A (ja) * | 2015-11-04 | 2017-05-25 | Jfeエンジニアリング株式会社 | 廃棄物焼却及び水素製造装置並びに方法 |
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JP2020056358A (ja) * | 2018-10-02 | 2020-04-09 | 清水建設株式会社 | 発電システム |
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JP2020525638A (ja) * | 2017-06-29 | 2020-08-27 | 赫普能源▲環▼境科技股▲ふぇん▼有限公司Hepu Energy Environmenial Technology Co., Ltd. | 燃料製造用反応システム、発電所ピーク調整システム及び発電所 |
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