CN104449874A - 生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法 - Google Patents

生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法 Download PDF

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CN104449874A
CN104449874A CN201410739496.4A CN201410739496A CN104449874A CN 104449874 A CN104449874 A CN 104449874A CN 201410739496 A CN201410739496 A CN 201410739496A CN 104449874 A CN104449874 A CN 104449874A
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gas
coke
tar
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biomass particle
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韦泉
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LIUZHOU DONGHOU BIOLOGY ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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LIUZHOU DONGHOU BIOLOGY ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1615—Stripping
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法，它包括以下步骤：A、气化：将生物质颗粒原料送入气化炉，与氧气进行燃烧反应，大部分所述生物质颗粒原料在缺氧条件下发生热分解反应，析出挥发份和焦碳，停留发生二次热分解反应，使所述焦油进一步进行热分解反应为气体，同时所述气体和所述焦碳之间、所述气体与所述气体之间进一步发生还原反应；B、净化：对步骤A中气化炉获得的混合有气相焦油和细颗粒焦碳及灰尘的混合气体进行三级净化，形成洁净气体；C、发电：经过步骤B获得的所述气洁净气体送入内燃机进行发电。本发明可以解决生物质颗粒资源转化成电能的问题。

Description

生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质燃料应用技术领域，尤其是一种用生物质颗粒料燃烧气化进行发电的方法。
背景技术
生物质能源是一种理想的可再生能源，它来源广泛，每年都有大量的工业、农业及森林废弃物产出。即使不被用于生产能源，这些废弃物的处理也是个问题。另外，世界上87%的能源需求来源于化石燃料，这些燃料燃烧时，向大气中排放出大量的二氧化碳。而生物质作为燃料时，由于生物质在生长时需要的二氧化碳量相当于它燃烧时排放的二氧化碳量，因而对大气的二氧化碳净排放量近似于零。而且，生物质中硫的含量极低，基本上无硫化物的排放。所以，利用生物质作为替代能源，对改善环境，减少大气中二氧化碳含量从而减少"温室效应"都有极大的好处。因此，将生物质作为化石燃料的替代能源，便会向社会提供一种各方面都可被接受的可再生能源。人们开始研究对生物质燃烧气化及其利用，尤其是用以弥补北方雨水河流资源少的地区的电力不足。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法，以解决生物质颗粒资源转化成电能的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案是：本生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法包括以下步骤：
A、气化：将生物质颗粒原料送入气化炉，部分所述生物质颗粒原料与氧气进行燃烧反应，提供热分解反应所需的热量，大部分所述生物质颗粒原料在缺氧条件下发生热分解反应，析出挥发份和焦碳，所述挥发份在所述气化炉的高温反应区内停留发生二次热分解反应，使所述焦油进一步进行热分解反应为气体，所述高温反应区的温度为650℃～850℃，同时所述气体和所述焦碳之间、所述气体与所述气体之间进一步发生还原反应；
B、净化：对步骤A中气化炉获得的混合有气相焦油和细颗粒焦碳及灰尘的混合气体进行净化，形成洁净气体；所述净化包括依次通过旋风分离器冷凝所述混合气体中的气相焦油、通过喷淋塔的喷淋水洗掉所述混合气体中的大部分灰尘和部分细颗粒焦碳及焦油、通过除湿器对喷淋后的所述混合气体进行除湿、通过带有活性炭颗粒的除尘器吸附掉所述混合气体中的剩余灰尘和细颗粒焦碳及焦油；冷凝后的气相焦油回流到所述气化炉回用；
C、发电：经过步骤B获得的所述气洁净气体送入内燃机进行发电。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
本生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法先对生物质颗粒原料进行气化，控制一定的温度，使之进行燃烧反应、热分解反应和还原反应，产生大量高温的燃气，再经过净化，送到内燃机发电，使生物质颗粒产生电力能源；三级净化过程，使固体颗粒和微细粉尘基本被清洗干净，除尘效果较为彻底，焦油经冷凝回流利用，节约资源。
附图说明
    图1是本发明实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例作进一步详述：
如图1所述的本生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法，包括以下步骤：
A、气化：将生物质颗粒原料送入气化炉1，部分生物质颗粒原料与氧气进行燃烧反应，提供热分解反应所需的热量，大部分生物质颗粒原料在缺氧条件下发生热分解反应，析出挥发份和焦碳，挥发份在气化炉1的高温反应区1-1内停留发生二次热分解反应，使焦油进一步进行热分解反应为气体，高温反应区1-1的温度为650℃～850℃，同时气体和焦碳之间、气体与气体之间进一步发生还原反应。气化炉1设有除渣装置1-2。
B、净化：对步骤A中气化炉1获得的混合有气相焦油和细颗粒焦碳及灰尘的混合气体进行净化，形成洁净气体；净化包括依次通过旋风分离器2冷凝混合气体中的气相焦油、通过喷淋塔3的喷淋水洗掉混合气体中的大部分灰尘和部分细颗粒焦碳及焦油、通过除湿器4对喷淋后的混合气体进行除湿、通过带有活性炭颗粒的除尘器5吸附掉混合气体中的剩余灰尘和细颗粒焦碳及焦油；冷凝后的气相焦油回流到气化炉1回用。旋风分离器1、喷淋塔2连接到废水处理设备7。
混合气体中包括了氮气、氧气、氢气、二氧化碳 、一氧化碳、氨气和CnHm等成分，气体热值在4600～6300 kJ/Nm3之间。气化率达到65%。
C、发电：经过步骤B获得的气洁净气体送入内燃机6进行发电。
本发明使生物质颗粒产生电力能源，以弥补北方雨水河流资源少的地区的电力不足。且对大气污染小，环保节能。每年可处理生物质废料1万吨。由于二氧化碳的零排放，每年可减少1万吨二氧化碳。和煤的燃烧相比，可减少烟气中的NOx 和SO2。 

Claims (1)

1. 一种生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
A、气化：将生物质颗粒原料送入气化炉，部分所述生物质颗粒原料与氧气进行燃烧反应，提供热分解反应所需的热量，大部分所述生物质颗粒原料在缺氧条件下发生热分解反应，析出挥发份和焦碳，所述挥发份在所述气化炉的高温反应区内停留发生二次热分解反应，使所述焦油进一步进行热分解反应为气体，所述高温反应区的温度为650℃～850℃，同时所述气体和所述焦碳之间、所述气体与所述气体之间进一步发生还原反应；
B、净化：对步骤A中气化炉获得的混合有气相焦油和细颗粒焦碳及灰尘的混合气体进行净化，形成洁净气体；所述净化包括依次通过旋风分离器冷凝所述混合气体中的气相焦油、通过喷淋塔的喷淋水洗掉所述混合气体中的大部分灰尘和部分细颗粒焦碳及焦油、通过除湿器对喷淋后的所述混合气体进行除湿、通过带有活性炭颗粒的除尘器吸附掉所述混合气体中的剩余灰尘和细颗粒焦碳及焦油；冷凝后的气相焦油回流到所述气化炉回用；
C、发电：经过步骤B获得的所述气洁净气体送入内燃机进行发电。
CN201410739496.4A 2014-12-08 2014-12-08 生物质颗粒气化发电的工艺方法 Pending CN104449874A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017035923A1 (zh) * 2015-08-29 2017-03-09 湖南普丝环保能源有限公司 一种生物质气化发电系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008075022A1 (en) * 2006-12-16 2008-06-26 Keld Energy Limited Processing biomass
CN101886558A (zh) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-17 王链锢 一种利用秸秆发电的新工艺
CN201809316U (zh) * 2010-08-04 2011-04-27 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 一种固定床生物质气化发电装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008075022A1 (en) * 2006-12-16 2008-06-26 Keld Energy Limited Processing biomass
CN101886558A (zh) * 2009-05-14 2010-11-17 王链锢 一种利用秸秆发电的新工艺
CN201809316U (zh) * 2010-08-04 2011-04-27 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 一种固定床生物质气化发电装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017035923A1 (zh) * 2015-08-29 2017-03-09 湖南普丝环保能源有限公司 一种生物质气化发电系统

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Application publication date: 20150325