WO2022244572A1 - Système de batterie rechargeable, véhicule ferroviaire doté dudit système, et procédé de détection de cellule anormale - Google Patents

Système de batterie rechargeable, véhicule ferroviaire doté dudit système, et procédé de détection de cellule anormale Download PDF

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WO2022244572A1
WO2022244572A1 PCT/JP2022/018046 JP2022018046W WO2022244572A1 WO 2022244572 A1 WO2022244572 A1 WO 2022244572A1 JP 2022018046 W JP2022018046 W JP 2022018046W WO 2022244572 A1 WO2022244572 A1 WO 2022244572A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
cell
capacity
deviation
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PCT/JP2022/018046
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
大輝 小松
雅浩 米元
健志 篠宮
智晃 高橋
駿弥 内藤
拓矢 円子
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株式会社日立製作所
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Publication of WO2022244572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022244572A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a storage battery system useful for efficient operation of storage batteries, a railway vehicle equipped with the same, and an abnormal battery detection method.
  • the battery may self-discharge due to deterioration of the battery.
  • a storage battery system in which batteries are connected in series, if even one of a plurality of series-connected battery cells is self-discharging, the performance of the entire storage battery system, that is, energy efficiency, is reduced. Therefore, there is a need to detect such self-discharge before it adversely affects the performance of the battery system.
  • the storage battery system is equipped with a control device for equalizing the voltage of each battery cell connected in series, i.e. adjusting the battery capacity of each of the plurality of battery cells, so that the individual battery cell It was difficult to detect the minute self-discharge of the battery. In other words, this battery capacity adjustment makes it impossible to detect self-discharge at an early stage. Therefore, there is known a method of determining an abnormal battery when the battery with the lowest voltage, which is the target for capacity adjustment, deviates from the average voltage even after capacity adjustment (Patent Document 1).
  • the method for determining an abnormal battery in the technology described in Patent Document 1 has the following two problems. First, it was difficult to capture a change of several mV/day only by monitoring the voltage before and after capacitance adjustment. Second, the cause of the deviation from the average voltage and detected as an abnormal battery is self-discharge, or other causes such as capacity deterioration, etc., and the cause of the abnormality is specified. could not. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a storage battery system capable of early detection of abnormal cells.
  • the present invention which solves the above problems, is a storage battery system that operates an assembled battery while adjusting its capacity.
  • the present invention can provide a storage battery system capable of early detection of abnormal cells.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining an individual capacity adjustment circuit for an assembled battery in which n cells are connected in series;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining passive balancing control;
  • 4 is a flowchart showing a procedure for detecting self-discharge abnormality;
  • 7 is a graph for explaining an abnormal battery detection method (hereinafter, also referred to as a "detection method") by threshold determination of the target specified number of times/time;
  • FIG. 10 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on a variance determination of the number of target designation times/time;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining an individual capacity adjustment circuit for an assembled battery in which n cells are connected in series;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining passive balancing control;
  • 4 is a flowchart showing a procedure for detecting self-discharge abnormality;
  • 7 is a graph for explaining an abnormal battery detection method (hereinafter, also referred to as a "detection method
  • FIG. 7 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on balancing time/time threshold determination;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on balancing time and capacity distribution determination;
  • FIG. 11 is a graph for explaining determination of variation in capacity deterioration rate (SOHQ);
  • FIG. 5 is a graph for explaining a detection method by measuring a voltage deviation that is each cell voltage-average voltage;
  • 5 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on deviation determination of each cell voltage;
  • 7 is a graph for explaining a detection method from maximum/average/minimum voltage;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining active balancing control;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a specified number of times/time of balancing charging and a detection method based on threshold determination of the capacity/time;
  • Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • FIG. A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • FIG. Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG. Example 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • FIG. Example 5 will be described with reference to FIG. Example 6 will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.
  • Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram showing the schematic configuration of this system.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a host controller 19 and an assembled battery (hereinafter also referred to as a "battery pack") 10 that transmits information through a communication line 18 and controls input and output. be.
  • a large number of battery packs 10 are connected in series in order to secure the required voltage and capacity. Prepare.
  • the host controller 19 may be considered as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) mounted on an automobile or the like, or an electronic control device provided to support the operation of a railway vehicle, and system control using an electronic circuit. means a generic term for devices (units) that Here, the host controller 19 transmits information to the battery control device 15 and its subordinate cell controller 12 through the communication line 18 to monitor the battery pack 10 and perform advanced control described later. to control input and output.
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • the battery control device 15 is subordinate to the host controller 19, and one battery pack 10 is provided with one.
  • the battery control device 15 has a plurality of cell controllers 12 subordinate to it, and these cell controllers 12 monitor and control a plurality of battery cells 11 (hereinafter also referred to as “monitoring control” or simply “control”). It is hierarchically structured as follows. In order to monitor the state of each battery cell 11 under its supervision, the cell controller 12 not only detects the voltage via the voltage detection line 13 but also detects the temperature via the thermocouple 14 .
  • the cell controller 12 performs balancing control aimed at adjusting the capacity of the battery cells 11 connected in series if there is an imbalance in capacity.
  • balancing control aimed at adjusting the capacity of the battery cells 11 connected in series if there is an imbalance in capacity.
  • temperature detection as an example, one cell controller 12 monitors only one point.
  • the cell controller 12 can simultaneously control a large number of battery cells 11 that are pre-linked control targets. As omitted in FIG. 1 and exemplified in FIG. 2, the cell controller 12 includes an assembled battery in which six cells are connected in series (hereinafter also referred to as “six series”), and 12 more cells in series. It is also possible to monitor connected (hereinafter also referred to as “12 series”) assembled batteries.
  • the number of cell controllers 12 is preferably proportional to the number of battery cells 11 connected in series.
  • the cell controller 12 receives commands from the battery control device 15 via the communication line 16 to perform balancing control and the like.
  • a communication method for that purpose for example, the application of CAN is enumerated in the case of a mobile object.
  • the battery control device 15 estimates the state of charge (SOC) and the deterioration rate ( Capacity maintenance rate: SOH (State of Health) Estimation control and allowable power calculation are executed.
  • the battery control device 15 transmits information through the communication line 18 to the host controller 19 and controls the input/output of the battery.
  • the battery pack 10 and the host controller 19 cooperate with each other through the communication line 18, but they are independent components that can be procured separately.
  • the capacity adjustment circuit 23, the cell controller 12, and the battery control device 15 are collectively called a controller. It may be considered that this controller further includes the upper controller 19 .
  • a control hierarchy as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is constructed.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining an individual capacity adjustment circuit for an assembled battery in which n cells are connected in series.
  • a capacity adjustment (balancing) circuit 23 exists between the six series battery cells 1 to 6 and the cell controller 12 that collectively monitors them.
  • the balancing circuit 23 is mainly composed of a transistor 21 such as a MOSFET and a balancing resistor 22 , and one transistor 21 and one balancing resistor 22 are connected in parallel to each battery cell 11 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining passive balancing control.
  • cell number 4 (cell 4) has the lowest voltage.
  • the battery with the lowest voltage in this way is called a balancing target cell.
  • Vth the voltage threshold
  • balancing control is performed on the target cell 4 .
  • cell number 1 and cell number 3 correspond to this.
  • the target cell is discharged and the capacity is adjusted to the cell 4, which is the balancing target cell.
  • Balancing control in which the capacity is adjusted by discharging to the balancing resistor 22 in this manner is commonly used as a passive balancing control and a method for adjusting the capacity of a nominal battery.
  • the target is the battery with the lowest voltage among the n batteries, and all the other n-1 batteries are subjected to the balancing operation.
  • all of the battery cells 11 connected in series in this way must be monitored and adjusted appropriately.
  • the cell controller 12 communicates to the battery control device 15 information that is associated with all the cell numbers 1 to n and that allows the voltage of each cell to be grasped.
  • the battery control device 15 is higher than the cell controller 12 and has a wide control range.
  • the cell controller 12 performs only balancing operations on each battery cell 11 .
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a procedure for detecting self-discharge abnormality. As shown in FIG. 4, the self-discharge abnormal cell detection procedure is executed by the battery control device 15 through steps S10 to S17.
  • the control is started at step S10, for example, every second as the calculation cycle.
  • the battery control device 15 detects each cell voltage and each cell number.
  • the battery control device 15 performs this control, it obtains each cell voltage and each cell number through communication from the cell controller 12 .
  • the cell with the lowest voltage among all the voltages is detected and set as the minimum voltage value Vmin.
  • step S12 the battery control device 15 determines Vmin+voltage threshold ⁇ cell voltage for all cells. If there is a corresponding cell, the process proceeds to step S13, and if there is no corresponding cell, the process proceeds to step S17 to end the calculation.
  • step S13 the battery control device 15 starts a balancing operation so that the capacity of the corresponding cell is adjusted by (cell voltage-Vmin), and then proceeds to step S14.
  • step S14 the battery control device 15 counts up the number of times designated as the balancing target within a certain period of the cell number with the lowest voltage, and then proceeds to step S15 after counting up the designated number of times/time. .
  • step S15 the battery control device 15 determines whether or not this target specified number of times value/time is equal to or less than the target specified number of times threshold value. If this determination is equal to or less than the threshold (Yes), the cell is not an abnormal self-discharge cell, so the process proceeds to step S17 to end the calculation. If there is a cell with a value equal to or greater than the threshold in step S15 (No), the battery control device 15 determines that the cell is a self-discharge abnormal cell in step S16, and then proceeds to end the calculation in step S17. Details of the control contents of steps S14 and S15 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph for explaining the detection method based on the threshold determination of the target number of designations/time.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the cell number
  • the vertical axis indicates the target number of designated times per year, for example, as a time interval.
  • the target specified number of times is the number of times the battery control device 15 performs the balancing control and the minimum voltage is specified as the target cell.
  • cell 4 has a larger number of target designations than the other cells.
  • the target specified number of times is greater than the target specified number of times threshold B, that is, if the determination in step S15 in the battery control device 15 exceeds the threshold (No), the cell is determined to be an abnormal cell in step S16. In this manner, the battery control device 15 can detect abnormalities such as self-discharge.
  • the target designation count threshold is determined in consideration of variations in power consumption of the cell controller 12 and variations in expected deterioration.
  • Balancing control is originally a capacity adjustment function, and is intended to compensate for variations in power consumption and deterioration described above. For example, if the above-described variation occurs for A% of the capacity, and the purpose of the balancing control is to correct it, and the number of times of balancing assumed from A% is B times, the target specified number of times is It must be a value greater than the threshold B.
  • the target designation count threshold B is determined by the number of expected balancing operations.
  • FIG. 5 clearly shows that only cell 4 is applicable, multiple cells may be applicable.
  • the battery control device 15 determines that the cell is a self-discharge abnormal cell in step S16, it sends an alarm signal to the host system 19 or warns the system manager. This is to prompt the replacement of the battery and to inform the user that the operation should be stopped.
  • the host system 19 and the battery control device 15 perform such protective control when it is necessary to perform protective control even if the self-discharge abnormal cell does not lead to an immediate danger.
  • the system is typically monitored and controlled using the average charge rate obtained from each of the SOCs of all cells 1-n.
  • the battery control device 15 determines whether or not the target specified number of times/time is equal to or greater than a certain threshold, but there is also a method of considering variance.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph for explaining the detection method based on the variance determination of the target specified number of times/time.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the target specified number of times/time
  • the vertical axis indicates the number of applicable cells.
  • the number of relevant cells is the number of samples that is considered statistically significant, and the variation is ideal, the number of target designations should follow a normal distribution centering on the median value with a variance of 0.
  • the distribution C of the number of balancing target designations is assumed to follow this normal distribution, and the variance determination and the like are performed. Since the actual system has complicated variations in operating conditions and components, it can be used as a criterion for judgment although it does not conform to this.
  • the variance threshold D is assumed to be a value of 3 ⁇ .
  • the number of target designation times with a variance of 3 ⁇ or more is only about 0.1%. Therefore, if there are 96 series-connected batteries, there is a high probability that not even one cell will match.
  • FIG. 6 there is statistical rationality in judging this cell as an abnormal cell that deviates significantly from the standard when the corresponding cell exists in the target number of designations of 3 ⁇ or more.
  • the dispersion threshold value D should be determined depending on how much dispersion is regarded as abnormal, so it does not need to be 3 ⁇ .
  • the following judgment criteria can be added as judgment criteria for self-discharge abnormal cells. That is, both the threshold B for the number of target designations determined by the absolute value of the number of times described in FIG. 5 and the variance threshold D determined by the variance from the median value described in FIG. 6 are satisfied (AND condition). case, the cell may be determined as an abnormal cell. Alternatively, an abnormal cell may be determined when only one of the target designation frequency threshold B and the dispersion threshold D is satisfied (OR condition).
  • the battery control device 15 capable of consolidating all cell information determines whether the battery is abnormal based on the specified number of target cells. That is, the battery control device 15 calculates the self-discharge of the battery pack (assembled battery) 10 in which a plurality of battery cells 1 to n are connected in series, and the deviation between the voltage of each battery cell and the average voltage of the assembled battery. , it is determined that self-discharge has occurred when the deviation exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the battery control device 15 determines that the cell is an abnormal self-discharge cell in step S16, it sends an alarm signal to the host system 19 or warns the system manager. As a result, the battery control device 15 not only prompts replacement of the abnormal battery but also informs the user that the operation should be stopped.
  • Example 1 the target number of times of balancing was used as the control value, but similar information includes the balancing time and the capacity adjusted (discharged) by balancing.
  • Such balancing time and the capacity used for its adjustment can be applied to the processing for detecting the difference based on the original performance of the cell before performing the balancing operation, as described in the first embodiment.
  • the balancing target number of times of the first embodiment is versatility. not reach.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on balancing time/time threshold determination, in which the horizontal axis indicates the cell number and the vertical axis indicates the balancing time or balancing capacity within a given period. . Based on the fact that the value of the current flowing through the balancing resistors during normal balancing is almost constant, and that there is a correlation between the balancing capacity and time, both are regarded as equivalent indices and displayed on the vertical axis of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on balancing time and capacity dispersion determination. As shown in FIG. 8, when the balancing time or the capacity is extremely small, that is, for the cell whose dispersion is equal to or less than the dispersion threshold value G on the negative side, abnormality determination is performed in the same manner as in FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph for explaining the determination of variations in capacity deterioration rate (SOHQ), in which the horizontal axis indicates the cell number and the vertical axis plots the capacity deterioration rate (SOHQ).
  • the capacity deterioration rate is estimated by the battery control device 15 for each cell.
  • the existence of SOHQ cells that deviate from the allowable deterioration value H from the average SOHQ (Average SOHQ) can be read.
  • the balancing operation when there is no difference in SOHQ despite the large number of times of target specification in balancing control is due to self-discharge rather than deterioration of capacity.
  • this system according to the assembled battery system of Example 3 (also referred to as "this system"), it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of self-discharge.
  • the control flow is to detect an abnormality of self-discharge when the SOHQ of the cell that reaches the threshold value B of the target number of times specified in FIG. . If the SOHQ of each cell is not determined, a method of substituting, for example, the resistance deterioration rate (SOHR) of each cell is also effective. Moreover, when neither SOHQ nor SOHR of each cell is estimated, a method of using voltage information of each cell as a substitute can also be used.
  • SOHQ resistance deterioration rate
  • the control flow is to detect an abnormality of self-discharge when the target specified number of times threshold value B or more in FIG. .
  • a method for detecting an abnormality based on the deviation of the voltage of the battery cell 11 instead of the value related to balancing control will be described. If information on balancing control cannot be grasped and only the voltage of each cell can be obtained by the battery control device 15, it is necessary to detect the self-discharge abnormality from the cell voltage.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph for explaining the detection method by measuring the voltage deviation Vd, which is each cell voltage-average voltage.
  • Vd voltage deviation
  • FIG. 10 shows the voltage of each cell 1-n.
  • FIG. 10 shows an average cell voltage (hereinafter simply referred to as "average voltage") V, which is the average value of the voltages of all cells 1 to n.
  • Example 4 detection is performed by measuring the voltage deviation Vd, which is the cell voltage-average voltage, for each cell.
  • FIG. 11 shows a voltage deviation moving average Vd' obtained by moving and averaging the voltage deviation Vd using data for one month, for example.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph for explaining a detection method based on deviation determination of each cell voltage. As shown in FIG. 11, a simple moving average is assumed here, but the averaging process may be a low-pass filter or any other method.
  • the control flow is to detect an abnormality in self-discharge when the voltage deviation moving average Vd' is equal to or greater than the voltage deviation threshold value J. Since the capacity is normally adjusted by balancing with the voltage threshold A, it is difficult to imagine that the voltage deviation moving average Vd' becomes equal to or higher than the voltage threshold A. Therefore, the voltage deviation threshold J is set to a value smaller than the voltage threshold A. By doing so, it is possible to perform detection equivalent to that in the first and second embodiments from the voltage information.
  • Embodiment 5 shows a detection method (hereinafter also referred to as "this detection method") for determining an abnormality based only on limited information such as the highest cell voltage, the lowest cell voltage, and the average voltage in this system. Examples 1 to 4 so far have been described on the premise that the software of this detection method is installed in the battery control device 15 . Since the procedure of this detection method may be implemented in the host controller 19 as a program, the fifth embodiment assumes that this detection method is installed in this host controller 19 . Generally, up to the battery control device 15, all the voltage information of each cell can be obtained, but the host controller 19 can obtain only limited information.
  • the host controller 19 needs a method of detecting self-discharge abnormality from these limited representative values.
  • self-discharge occurs on the scale of several cells. In this system, when several cells as shown by cells 1 and 3 in FIG. , the situation is such that balancing is stopped.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining a detection method from maximum/average/minimum voltages.
  • the ⁇ circle> indicates the transition of the maximum voltage value
  • the ⁇ triangle> indicates the transition of the average voltage value
  • ⁇ A square mark> indicates the transition of the minimum voltage value.
  • the rough dashed line indicates the transition of the average voltage value + the maximum voltage deviation threshold M
  • the fine dotted line indicates the transition of the average voltage value - the minimum voltage deviation threshold L. It corresponds to the case where ⁇ circle mark> exists inside the rough broken line, the case where ⁇ square mark> exists outside the fine broken line, and the case where judgment formulas (a) and (b) are true. ing. Both the conditions of the judgment formulas (a) and (b) are established at the condition establishment time T. At this timing, the Abnormality announcement counter at the bottom of FIG. 12 starts counting up.
  • Active balancing control is a control that enables capacity adjustment without energy loss by transferring energy from a battery with a higher SOC and voltage than the average to a battery with a lower SOC and voltage than the average.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining active balancing control.
  • the energy transfer target voltage P is set to an average voltage value, for example.
  • the battery control device 15 performs balancing discharge Z up to the energy transfer target voltage P for the balancing discharge designated cell Q, which is a battery with a voltage higher than the energy transfer target voltage P.
  • the battery control device 15 performs balancing charge U up to the energy transfer target voltage P for the balancing charge designated cell S, which is a battery with a voltage lower than the energy transfer target voltage P.
  • Embodiment 6 shown in FIG. 13 exemplifies that all cells are discharge designated cells if they are higher than the energy transfer target voltage. However, it is not necessary for all of them to be so, and a control threshold may be provided when there is a deviation of a certain deviation or more.
  • a control threshold value may be provided when there is a deviation of a certain deviation or more.
  • a configuration in which energy is transferred via a transformer may be provided. They need to be system-configured to transfer energy by the configuration added to the circuit of FIG. 2 as the hardware of cell controller 12 .
  • the method using the deviation of each cell voltage as shown in Examples 4 and 5 or the method described in Example 6 is preferable.
  • active balancing control energy is transferred by specifying a cell with a low SOC, that is, a cell to which energy is to be transferred. In this case, it is necessary to determine and process this in the cell controller 12, so the balancing charging specified cell and the balancing charging capacity are used as control values.
  • the battery control device 15 or the host controller 19 By summing up the number of balancing target designations for this control value by the battery control device 15 or the host controller 19, it is possible to perform processing equivalent to passive balancing control.
  • the specified number of times of balancing charging can be substituted for the value corresponding to the specified number of times of balancing target for the lowest voltage used in FIG.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the cell number (Cell No.), and the vertical axis indicates the specified number of times/time of balancing charge within a certain period (Balancing charge specified number of times/time) and its balancing charge capacity [Ah]/ Indicates time (Balancing charge capacity [Ah] / hour).
  • the specified number of balancing charges or the balancing charge capacity is larger than the balancing charge threshold Y, the abnormal cell is determined.
  • detection equivalent to detection in passive balancing control becomes possible by adopting such a detection method.
  • trains equipped with on-board storage battery systems can operate at the starting station, terminal station, and in some cases, some intermediate stations even in non-electrified sections where ground facilities such as overhead lines and substations are not installed.
  • Charging equipment is provided only at the station, and by charging the storage battery for each charging equipment, it is possible to run the section.
  • a storage battery system (this system) according to an embodiment of the present invention can be summarized as follows.
  • the present system described in Example 4 operates while controlling the capacity adjustment (balancing) of the assembled battery.
  • the system includes an assembled battery, a capacity adjustment circuit 23 , a cell controller (Battery Cell Controllers) 12 , and a battery control device 15 .
  • the capacity adjustment circuit 23, the cell controller 12, and the battery control device 15 are collectively called a controller. It may be considered that this controller further includes the upper controller 19 .
  • the control hierarchy is constructed as shown in FIGS.
  • the assembled battery (battery pack) 10 has a plurality of battery cells 11 connected in series to provide a desired voltage and capacity.
  • the capacity adjustment circuit 23 is a lower function of the controller, and adjusts the capacity so as to correct the imbalance between the plurality of battery cells 11 forming the assembled battery 10 .
  • Cell controller 12 controls capacity adjustment circuit 23 .
  • This cell controller 12 can collect information from all cells 1 to n, constantly monitors the difference from the average voltage of each cell, and always determines that the cell 4 that continues to protrude to the bottom is abnormal. do.
  • the battery control device 15 is hierarchically configured above the cell controller 12, and monitors and controls the battery cells 11 while exchanging acquired information indicating the battery state and control commands.
  • the battery control device 15 adjusts the capacity of the battery cells 11 (cells 4) of the assembled battery 10 whose voltage exceeds the allowable range indicated by the voltage deviation threshold value J. That is, as shown in FIG. 11 of the fourth embodiment, if there is a battery cell 11 (cell 4) whose voltage deviation is equal to or greater than a predetermined value with respect to the average voltage of the assembled battery 10, the battery control device 15 It is determined that the battery is abnormal due to discharge. According to this system, by estimating from the voltage information of each cell, it is possible to detect abnormal cells with increased self-discharge at an early stage.
  • the present system preferably uses the voltage statistical information collected from each battery cell 11 to determine to detect an abnormal battery. That is, the present system calculates the deviation between the voltage of each battery cell 11 and the average voltage of the assembled battery 10, and if the variance of the distribution of the deviation is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, it determines that the battery is abnormal in that self-discharge has occurred. If there is a deviation of 3 ⁇ or more in normal distribution in statistics, it may be determined that the battery is abnormal. In this way, by realizing a rational quality control system based on statistics, it is possible to reduce the waste of replacing items that can still be used, as well as the waste of losing availability when it is too late.
  • the capacity adjustment circuit 23 short-circuits the battery cells 11 that are higher than the others, and corrects the imbalance between the plurality of battery cells 11 that make up the assembled battery 10 .
  • Passive balancing control may be performed to correct the At this time, the battery control device 15 counts the number of times the voltage reaches the minimum voltage per unit time during execution of this passive balancing control. It is preferable to apply the counted number of times that the voltage becomes the lowest as a criterion for judging that the battery is abnormal.
  • This criterion replaces the deviation of the voltage of each battery cell 11 from the average voltage of the assembled battery 10, which was applied in [1] or [2] above. According to the present system that applies such a criterion, it is possible to detect the difference based on the original performance of the cell before performing the balancing operation by utilizing the number of balancing target designations. Therefore, the detection accuracy of this system can be improved more than the conventional method of evaluating the voltage value after balancing.
  • the present system described in Example 5 replaces the deviation of the voltage of each battery cell 11 with respect to the average voltage of the assembled battery 10, during capacity adjustment, the average The deviation between the highest cell voltage and the lowest cell voltage and each with respect to voltage may be applied.
  • the battery cell 11 whose deviation between the highest cell voltage and the average voltage is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and whose deviation from the average voltage is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and has the lowest cell voltage, it is regarded as an abnormal battery in which self-discharge has occurred. to decide.
  • the capacity adjustment circuit 23 may charge the lower battery cell 11 for capacity adjustment and perform active balancing control. good.
  • the active balancing control if there is a battery cell 11 in which at least one of the number of times of charging per unit time, the charged capacity, and at least one of them is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the self-discharging abnormality is detected. Judge it as a battery.
  • the battery control device 15 estimates the capacity deterioration rate (SOHQ) of each of the battery cells 1 to n based on the obtained information indicating the battery state. , and an average capacity deterioration rate (average SOHQ) obtained by averaging them for the entire assembled battery.
  • SOHQ capacity deterioration rate
  • the battery control device 15 detects that self-discharge occurs in any of the battery cells 1 to n. It is preferable to judge that
  • the abnormal battery in which self-discharge occurs as in the above [1] By determining that, the accuracy of abnormality detection can be improved. In other words, if the difference in the degree of deterioration of the capacity (SOHQ) is large enough to exceed the range of the allowable deterioration value H, as in [1] above, by determining that the voltage drop is not caused by self-discharge, The accuracy of anomaly detection can be improved. In other words, it is possible to eliminate the waste of false alarms regarding self-discharge, which requires an earlier response.
  • SOHQ degree of deterioration
  • the capacity deterioration rate (SOHQ) is a phenomenon expected as a specified life of a storage battery, such as a decrease in charge-discharge efficiency under load depending on aging and frequency of use, and can be dealt with by appropriate operation.
  • the battery control device 15 is a computer such as a one-chip microcomputer, and by executing a program stored in a memory (not shown), operates an algorithm for estimating the degree of capacity deterioration (SOHQ) and resistance deterioration. good.
  • SOHQ degree of capacity deterioration
  • the SOHQ estimated in this way may be complemented with voltage information to make it highly accurate. For example, when the battery cell with the maximum voltage and the balancing target are the same, the SOHQ can be estimated more reliably.
  • the shape of the computer may be any, and a part of the computer for other purposes may be shared.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un système de batterie rechargeable de l'invention, pouvant fonctionner et régler en même temps la capacité d'un bloc-batterie, le bloc-batterie comprend de multiples cellules de batterie connectées en série, et il est muni d'un dispositif de commande permettant de régler la capacité. Le dispositif de commande acquiert l'état de chaque cellule parmi les multiples cellules, produit des instructions de commande en fonction des états acquis des cellules et, lors du processus de réglage de la capacité des cellules de batterie du bloc-batterie présentant une tension en dehors de la plage permise, il détermine, au moyen des instructions de commande, que des cellules de batterie présentant un écart de tension supérieur ou égal à une valeur prescrite, par rapport à la tension moyenne du bloc-batterie, sont des cellules anormales. En outre, l'écart entre les tensions des cellules de batterie et la tension moyenne du bloc-batterie peut être calculé, et une cellule peut être considérée comme étant anormal si, par exemple, l'écart est au-delà de 3σ dans une distribution normale. Ceci permet d'obtenir un procédé de détection de cellule anormale pouvant détecter des cellules anormales à un stade précoce.
PCT/JP2022/018046 2021-05-21 2022-04-18 Système de batterie rechargeable, véhicule ferroviaire doté dudit système, et procédé de détection de cellule anormale WO2022244572A1 (fr)

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CN117276706A (zh) * 2023-10-20 2023-12-22 珠海中力新能源科技有限公司 一种电池管理的方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质

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