WO2022241495A1 - Dispositif de pompe à jet conçu pour un dispositif de recirculation d'un système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif de pompe à jet conçu pour un dispositif de recirculation d'un système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022241495A1
WO2022241495A1 PCT/AT2022/060171 AT2022060171W WO2022241495A1 WO 2022241495 A1 WO2022241495 A1 WO 2022241495A1 AT 2022060171 W AT2022060171 W AT 2022060171W WO 2022241495 A1 WO2022241495 A1 WO 2022241495A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
jet pump
connection
recirculation
pump device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2022/060171
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Raphael NEUBAUER
Robert Pöschl
Marlies HOFER
Bernd REITER
Christoph SCHLUCKNER
Jörg Mathè
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avl List Gmbh filed Critical Avl List Gmbh
Publication of WO2022241495A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022241495A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a jet pump device for a recirculation device of a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system with such a jet pump device.
  • fuel cell systems have recirculation devices in order to be able to recirculate at least part of the anode waste gas produced from the anode section of the fuel cell stack into the anode feed section. Since the anode waste gas can still contain unburned residual fuel, depending on the operating situation of the fuel cell system, the recirculation makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the operation of the fuel cell system.
  • Known te solutions are used for recirculation through appropriate recirculation lines. In such recirculation lines, either active conveying devices such as fan devices or passive conveying devices such as ejector devices are provided.
  • An ejector device is usually equipped with a drive connection, which can also be referred to as the primary side, and a suction connection, which can also be referred to as the secondary side.
  • the recirculation line opens out in the suction connection of the ejector device, while the drive connection and also the outlet connection of the ejector device form part of the fluid path of the anode feed section.
  • Fuel or an anode feed gas that contains fuel is therefore conveyed to the drive connection of the ejector device and in this way makes suction power available at the suction connection of the ejector device.
  • the recirculation gas is sucked into the ejector device via this suction power and mixed there with the anode feed gas introduced at the drive connection.
  • the new mixture of anode feed gas and recirculation gas is now fed to the anode section for combustion.
  • a disadvantage of the known solutions is that the ejector devices are clearly limited in terms of the amount of recirculation gas that can be pumped. If larger amounts of recirculation gas are desired, for example to enable high recirculation rates for the fuel cell system, this is only possible with a supersonic situation, i.e. with a flow velocity within the ejector system. direction above the speed of sound, possible. In addition to the design complexity, which is associated with a supersonic suitability for the ejector device, this requires a high primary pressure at the driving connection of the ejector device. In addition to the design effort, there is also the necessary compressor work to apply this high primary pressure to the drive connection of the ejector device.
  • a jet pump device serves to recirculate recirculation gas into an anode feed section of a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell system.
  • the jet pump device has a drive connection for fluid-communicating integration into the anode feed section.
  • a suction connection is provided for the fluid-communicating connection with a recirculation line of the recirculation device.
  • An exhaust port of the jet pump assembly is for exhausting anode feed gas to the anode portion of the fuel cell stack.
  • a mixing section is arranged in the jet pump device between the drive port and the outlet port for mixing recirculation gas sucked in via the suction port and anode feed gas introduced via the drive port.
  • the driving connection towards the mixing section is equipped with a flow cross-section that is free of widening or essentially free of widening, for the formation of a subsonic flow in the mixing section and in particular in a diffuser section. a sol rather, the diffuser section serves to recover the kinetic energy required for flow through the fuel stack into pressure energy.
  • the jet pump device is designed in particular as a suction jet pump. In principle, the jet pump device can also be designed as an ejector device for forming a subsonic flow as described above
  • a jet pump device is based on the basic concept of a known jet pump device for introducing recirculation gas into the anode feed section.
  • the jet pump device is equipped with a drive port for receiving the anode feed gas and an outlet port for discharging the anode feed gas to the anode section.
  • a mixing section is provided between the drive connection and the outlet connection, in which the suction effect for sucking in the recirculation gas is formed.
  • the suction takes place here, for example, using the Venturi principle, i.e. due to differences in speed and the corresponding entrainment of a gas introduced from the side.
  • the core idea of the present invention is that the driving connection, at least in the area towards the mixing section, behaves without widening with its flow cross section. This means that in the simplest case the flow cross-section merges into the mixing section in a constant or substantially constant manner. It is also possible that the last section of the driving connection has a constant or substantially constant flow cross-section. However, in principle, embodiments are also possible in which the driving connection narrows in front of the opening towards the mixing section and the flow cross-section is thus reduced. It is decisive for the formation of a subsonic flow in the mixing section according to the invention that, with a constant flow cross-section and/or with a narrowing flow cross-section, this changes to the Mixing section does not widen or does not widen substantially.
  • a widening of a drive connection to the mixing section could result in a Laval nozzle function, which would be accompanied by a strong acceleration of the anode feed gas present at the drive connection if the pressure supply was sufficiently high.
  • Known jet pump devices deliberately rely on this Laval nozzle principle and explicitly construct the driving connection with a deliberate widening in the flow cross section in order to achieve active acceleration of the anode feed gas. This leads to increased suction capacity at the suction connection and a correspondingly higher suction option, even for larger quantities of recirculation gas.
  • the core idea of the invention is to design an acceleration of the anode feed gas in the driving connection to the mixing section in such a way that a subsonic flow is ensured in the entire ejector area.
  • the suction power is generally lower, the necessary primary pressure at the drive connection can also be significantly lower.
  • the design of the jet pump device according to the invention not only achieves application and placement advantages, but also means that less heat has to be dissipated and less heat energy is required for a recirculation fan.
  • the relationship between the suction capacity at the suction connection and the primary pressure at the drive connection for supersonic ejectors is usually not linear over the entire operating range. This applies in particular in the area of changing from subsonic operation to supersonic operation. In other words, in order to double the suction power, the pressure increase must be significantly greater than doubling the pressure at the primary connection. In the opposite direction, with a reduction in the necessary suction power, a significantly greater reduction in the necessary compressor power and the corresponding pressure at the drive connection can be made available.
  • Subsonic ejectors are characterized by almost linear relationships, which because of this, the regulation and control behavior is significantly simplified. In particular, the subsonic configuration according to the invention enables a linear or essentially linear relationship between the driving connection and the suction connection.
  • a jet pump device is used in particular in combination with a second or further stage of jet pump devices or in interaction with a blower device in the recirculation device. This allows a high overall recirculation rate for the fuel cell system to be made available despite the reduced flow rate and suction power in the jet pump device according to the invention.
  • the configuration according to the invention for forming a subsonic flow in the mixing section can, for example, reduce the required primary pressure at the driving connection from around 5 bar in previously known jet pump devices to well over a fifth, i.e. well below 1 bar.
  • the corresponding suction capacity at the suction connection in this example is only halved from around 60 mbar at a primary pressure of 5 bar to around 30 mbar at around 500 mbar primary pressure.
  • the amount of anode gas that can be pumped i.e. the recirculation rate
  • the amount of anode gas that can be pumped is also reduced by e.g. B. ei nen factor 5.
  • the avoidance of the non-linear dependency between the primary pressure and the suction capacity provides the advantages according to the invention in the form of subsonic operation.
  • the driving connection has a constant or essentially constant flow cross section. This is especially true for the last section of the drive port before the opening towards the mixing section.
  • the driving connection is essentially designed there with a completely constant flow cross-section, ie, for example, in the form of a tube.
  • the driving connection is designed with a round flow cross section.
  • the driving connection is at least partially within the suction connection, in particular at least partially concentrically in the suction Conclusion, is arranged.
  • a concentric arrangement, or an arrangement integrated into the suction connection leads to a significantly more compact design of the jet pump device.
  • the suction connection preferably surrounds the driving connection, so that a symmetrical or essentially symmetrical distribution of the suction power to the associated flow circumference of the suction connection is ensured.
  • This design of the driving connection integrated into the suction connection is therefore an alternative to a lateral integration of the suction connection, which can also be referred to as a Y-arrangement.
  • the suction preferably takes place uniformly over the entire suction connection.
  • the drive connection and/or the suction connection and/or the mixing section and/or the outlet connection have a round or essentially round flow cross section.
  • a round flow cross-section has great advantages, particularly with regard to production. All sections of the jet pump device are therefore preferably equipped with a round or essentially round flow cross section.
  • a round flow cross-section for the respective section also leads to a very low loss of pressure and, in addition, to the lowest possible flow resistance, as a result of which the efficiency of the flow through the jet pump device can be increased even further.
  • the driving connection is designed without a Laval nozzle.
  • a Laval nozzle effect in the drive connection is thus explicitly avoided, and in this way an acceleration of the anode feed gas into the mixing section, either reduced to such an extent that the desired subsonic flow is achieved in the mixing section in order to avoid unnecessary friction losses.
  • a further advantage of the jet pump device according to the invention lies in massively expanding the field of application for ejectors, even for applications in which the driving connection does not have the necessary supercritical pressure supplies in order to be able to generate supersonic waves. This means that interconnections in Recirculation system possible, in which zip further intermediate fan would be required without the Ejektorprin invention.
  • the suction flow direction in the suction connection forms a defined ejector angle with the driving flow direction in the driving connection, where the ejector angle is in particular designed as an acute angle.
  • the ejector angle is 0° or 180°.
  • the ejector angle can be optimized depending on the mode of operation. For example, simulations or the test bench can be used to determine at which ejector angles the maximum suction power can be achieved with ideal flow conditions in subsonic operation in the mixing section.
  • a diffuser section is arranged between the mixing section and the outlet connection, for forming a medium pressure level for the anode feed gas.
  • a diffuser section includes, in particular, an opening flow cross section, so that on the one hand the mixing of the gases of the anode feed gas from the drive connection and the recirculation gas is improved and on the other hand a reduction in the speed of the mixture is generated, with the kinetic energy present at the entry into the diffuser being Increasing the pressure at the exit from the diffuser is converted.
  • This resulting pressure level is preferably high enough to conduct the anode feed gas together with the mixed-in recirculation gas through the subsequent anode section of the fuel cell stack.
  • the present invention also relates to a fuel cell system for generating electricity from a fuel.
  • a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack having an anode section and a cathode section.
  • the anode section is provided with an anode supply section for supplying anode supply gas and an anode exhaust section for discharging anode off-gas.
  • the cathode section is provided with a cathode supply section for supplying cathode supply gas and a cathode discharge section for discharging cathode off-gas.
  • the fuel cell system has a recirculation device for recirculating ano denabgas as a recirculation gas via a recirculation line into the anode feed section.
  • a jet pump device is arranged in the anode feed section.
  • the recirculation line opens into the suction port of the jet pump device and a fuel supply line from a fuel source opens into the drive port of the jet pump device.
  • a fuel cell system according to the invention thus has the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a jet pump device according to the invention.
  • further functional components such as an air source, a reformer device, catalytic converter devices, evaporators or heat exchanger devices can also be arranged in the fuel cell system.
  • the recirculation line has a dividing device for dividing the recirculation gas into a first partial recirculation line and a second partial recirculation line.
  • the jet pump device according to the invention is arranged at least in the first partial recirculation line.
  • the splitting up allows the proportion of recirculation gas split between the jet pump device according to the invention to be small enough, even when high required recirculation rates are required, to allow the jet pump device to be operated with the reduced suction capacity in subsonic operation.
  • the remaining required flow rate of recirculation gas is divided between the second partial recirculation line, which can preferably have further components and functional units for an assisted recirculation.
  • the second partial recirculation line can preferably have further components and functional units for an assisted recirculation.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a jet pump device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 a further embodiment of a jet pump device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 lensystems an embodiment of a fuel cell according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows one possibility of a jet pump device 10 according to the invention.
  • the anode supply gas AZG flows through the drive connection 20, which here has a constant flow cross section SQ along the drive flow direction TSR.
  • the anode feed gas AZG emerges from the drive connection 20 into the mixing section 50, it creates a suction effect on the suction connection 30.
  • This suction effect results in recirculation gas RG being sucked out of the recirculation line 142 into the suction connection 30.
  • a somewhat decreasing flow cross section SQ is provided here, with the recirculation gas RG being conveyed along the suction flow direction SSR, which is aligned here parallel or essentially parallel to the propulsion flow direction TSR.
  • mixing with the recirculation gas RG takes place in the mixing section 50. so that the newly mixed anode feed gas AZG can then be reduced to a medium pressure level via the diffuser section 60 .
  • the quantity of anode feed gas provided with the recirculation gas RG can now exit in a mixed manner and brought to the desired pressure level via the outlet connection 40 and be conveyed further via the anode feed section 122 into the anode section 120 .
  • the flow cross section SQ in the drive connection 20 along the drive flow direction TSR Due to the constant design of the flow cross section SQ in the drive connection 20 along the drive flow direction TSR, an acceleration of the anode supply gas AZG is avoided in this last area or at least kept in the subsonic range and the flow profile is stabilized. A subsonic flow is thus established in the mixing section 50, which makes the corresponding suction capacity available at the suction connection 30 in the subsonic range. This ensures that the present jet pump device 10 can be operated in subsonic operation.
  • the flow cross-sections SQ are selected in such a way that the suction connection 30 and the drive connection 20 are split approximately 50:50.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment to FIG.
  • a constant flow cross-section SQ which in particular does not widen, is provided for the driving connection 20, so that a subsonic flow situation also occurs in the mixing section 50 with this Y arrangement.
  • An ejector angle a can be optimized for this jet pump device 5 by simulation or test operation in such a way that the suction capacity made available in subsonic operation in the mixing section 50 is guaranteed for maximized suction of recirculation gas RG via the suction connection 30 .
  • a diffuser device 60 has even been dispensed with, which can be sufficient for very low RZ and therefore low required suction pressures.
  • FIG. 3 shows a fuel cell system 100 which has a fuel cell stack 110 for generating electricity. This is provided with an anode section 120 and a cathode section 130 .
  • the cathode section 130 receives supply air from an air source 180 via a cathode supply section 132 as the cathode supply gas KZG.
  • fuel BS is introduced into the fuel cell system 100 from a fuel source 150 via the fuel supply line 152 .
  • the fuel BS can be introduced here in gaseous form, for example via a heat exchanger device 170, into the driving connection 20 of a jet pump device 10.
  • This introduction results in the already explained suction effect at the suction connection 30 , so that recirculation gas RG can be sucked in here from the recirculation line 142 via the first partial recirculation line 146 via the dividing device 144 .
  • the anode feed gas AZG is conveyed through the reformer device 174 into the anode section 120 .
  • the anode waste gas AAG that is produced is at least partially distributed to the recirculation line 142 via the anode discharge section 124 , depending on the recirculation rate.
  • the remainder of the anode exhaust gas AAG is fed to the environment via an exhaust pipe, also to the catalytic converter device 172 and the heat exchanger devices 170 already explained.
  • FIG. 3 a multi-stage configuration of the recirculation is shown. Since the jet pump device 10 is designed for subsonic operation for this purpose, the suction power and the speed that can be pumped with it are correspondingly total amount or maximum amount of recirculation gas RG limited. In the case of high recirculation rates, the additional amount of recirculation gas RG that is then still missing must be divided here via the dividing device 144 onto the second partial recirculation line 148 .
  • the remaining recirculation gas RG is conducted via a heat exchanger device 170 in the air supply, which is in particular a condenser device.
  • the heat exchanger devices 170 are preferably adapted according to the respective requirements of the positions in the fuel cell system 100 .
  • Condensate can thus be separated off and fed to a drive connection of a further jet pump device 10 via a compressor and a further heat exchanger device 170 designed as an evaporation device. Remaining residual gas after the heat exchanger device 170 shown on the bottom left as a condenser device can be fed back to the anode feed section 122 via the secondary connection of the same jet pump device 10 shown on the left.
  • three-stage or multi-stage jet pump devices can also be used in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 4 is based on the embodiment of Figure 3. However, instead of a multi-stage ejector solution, the second partial recirculation line 148 has been equipped with a blower device 176, which, similar to the embodiment of Figure 3, is able to provide the still missing recirculation through active blower support onsgas RG in addition to the jet pump device 10 of the recirculation to make the anode supply section 122 available.
  • a blower device 176 which, similar to the embodiment of Figure 3, is able to provide the still missing recirculation through active blower support onsgas RG in addition to the jet pump device 10 of the recirculation to make the anode supply section 122 available.
  • jet pump device 20 propulsion port 30 suction port 40 outlet port 50 mixing section 60 diffuser section

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de pompe à jet (10) conçu pour un dispositif de recirculation (140) pour la recirculation de gaz de recirculation (RG) dans une partie d'alimentation d'anode (122) d'un empilement de pile à combustible (110) d'un système de pile à combustible (100), comprenant un raccord d'entraînement (20) destiné à être intégré par communication fluidique dans la partie d'alimentation d'anode (122), un raccord d'aspiration (30) destiné à être relié par communication fluidique à une conduite de recirculation (142) du dispositif de recirculation (140) et un raccord de sortie (40) pour évacuer le gaz d'alimentation d'anode (AZG) vers la partie d'anode (120) de l'empilement de pile à combustible (110), entre le raccord de propulsion (20) et le raccord de sortie (40) une partie de mélange (50) étant agencée pour réaliser un mélange composé du gaz de recirculation (RG) aspiré par l'intermédiaire du raccord d'entraînement (20) et du gaz d'alimentation d'anode (AZG) introduit par l'intermédiaire du raccord d'entraînement (20), le raccord d'entraînement (20) présentant en outre, en direction de la partie de mélange (50), une section transversale d'écoulement (SQ) sans élargissement ou sensiblement sans élargissement, pour la formation d'un écoulement subsonique dans la partie de mélange (50).
PCT/AT2022/060171 2021-05-18 2022-05-17 Dispositif de pompe à jet conçu pour un dispositif de recirculation d'un système de pile à combustible WO2022241495A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50385/2021A AT525102A1 (de) 2021-05-18 2021-05-18 Strahlpumpenvorrichtung für eine Rezirkulationsvorrichtung eines Brennstoffzellensystems
ATA50385/2021 2021-05-18

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WO2022241495A1 true WO2022241495A1 (fr) 2022-11-24

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WO (1) WO2022241495A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050064255A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-03-24 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Fuel cell system with fluid stream recirculation
DE102018213327A1 (de) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Förderaggregat für ein Brennstoffzellen-System zur Fördern und/oder Rezirkulation eines gasförmigen Mediums
DE102019204723A1 (de) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Förderaggregat für ein Brennstoffzellen-System zur Förderung und/oder Steuerung eines gasförmigen Mediums

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007004590A1 (de) * 2007-01-30 2008-07-31 Daimler Ag Gasversorgungsanordnung in einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
US9595725B2 (en) * 2013-05-03 2017-03-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Heated ejector assembly for a fuel cell

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050064255A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-03-24 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Fuel cell system with fluid stream recirculation
DE102018213327A1 (de) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Förderaggregat für ein Brennstoffzellen-System zur Fördern und/oder Rezirkulation eines gasförmigen Mediums
DE102019204723A1 (de) * 2019-04-03 2020-10-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Förderaggregat für ein Brennstoffzellen-System zur Förderung und/oder Steuerung eines gasförmigen Mediums

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