WO2022230991A1 - 口腔腫瘍性病変の検出方法、検査試薬、検査キット、及び治療用組成物 - Google Patents
口腔腫瘍性病変の検出方法、検査試薬、検査キット、及び治療用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
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- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for detecting oral neoplastic lesions, test reagents, test kits, and therapeutic compositions.
- Non-Patent Document 2 phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- Non-Patent Document 3 cervical cancer
- gastric cancer Non-Patent Document 4
- ovarian cancer Non-Patent Document 5
- OS overall survival
- PFS progression-free survival
- An object of the present invention is to provide biomarkers that enable early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer and precancerous lesions.
- MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- Section 1 A method for detecting oral neoplastic lesions, comprising detecting phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in oral tissues or oral cavity-derived cells collected from a subject.
- Section 2. Item 2. The detection method according to Item 1, wherein the oral neoplastic lesion is squamous cell carcinoma or dysplasia.
- Item 3. Item 3. The detection method according to Item 2, wherein the squamous cell carcinoma is well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
- Section 4. Item 4. The method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the oral tissue is the superficial layer of squamous epithelium, or the oral cavity-derived cells are derived from the superficial layer.
- a method of using phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) to detect oral neoplastic lesions in the oral cavity Item 6. 5. A test reagent for use in the detection method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, comprising an anti-phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) antibody. Item 7. Item 6. A test kit for use in the detection method according to any one of Items 1 to 4, comprising the test reagent according to Item 6. Item 8. A test reagent comprising an anti-phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) antibody for detecting oral neoplastic lesions for use in the oral cavity. Item 9. Item 9.
- a test kit for detecting oral neoplastic lesions for use in the oral cavity comprising the test reagent according to Item 8.
- Item 10 A therapeutic composition comprising an anti-phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) antibody for treating oral neoplastic lesions for use in photoimmunotherapy.
- MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- biomarkers for oral cancer and precancerous lesions.
- the biomarkers can also be targets for photoimmunotherapy and the like.
- FIG. 1a shows the results for inflamed tissue.
- the left image of FIG. 1a is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 1a is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 1b shows the results of tissue undergoing hyperplasia.
- the left image of FIG. 1b is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 1b is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 1c shows an example of positive p-MLKL in inflammatory lesions.
- the left image of FIG. 1c is an HE-stained image
- FIG. 1c is an immunostained image of p-MLKL. Immunostaining images of p-MLKL in premalignant lesions (OED) are shown.
- Figure 2a shows the histological results of a mild dysplasia case. The left image of FIG. 2a is an HE-stained image, and the right image of FIG. 2a is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- Figure 2b shows the histological results of a moderate dysplasia case. The left image of FIG. 2b is an HE-stained image, and the right image of FIG. 2b is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- Figure 2c shows the histological results of a high-grade dysplasia case. Fig.
- FIG. 2c left is an HE-stained image
- Fig. 2c right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- Immunostaining images of p-MLKL in squamous cell carcinoma are shown.
- Figures 3a and 3b show the results of tissues in which p-MLKL signals were strongly positive.
- the left images of FIGS. 3a and 3b are HE-stained images
- the right images of FIGS. 3a and 3b are immunostained images of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 3c shows the results for tissues that were moderately positive for p-MLKL signal.
- Fig. 3c left is an HE-stained image
- Fig. 3c right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 4a shows the histological results of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma case.
- the left image of FIG. 4a is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 4a is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 4b shows the histological results of a case of Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.
- the left image of FIG. 4b is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 4b is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 4c shows the tissue results of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma case in which the p-MLKL signal became positive.
- FIG. 4c left is an HE-stained image and Fig. 4c right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 5 shows the positive rate of p-MLKL in non-neoplastic tissues, premalignant lesions (OED), and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerical values in the table indicate "positive number (positive rate (%)”.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV regarding detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma using p-MLKL.
- FIG. 6a shows the test accuracy when p-MLKL was determined to be positive in the surface layer.
- Figure 6b shows the accuracy of the test when p-MLKL was tested positive in either superficial or sublayer.
- FIG. 7a shows the test accuracy when p-MLKL was determined to be positive in the surface layer.
- Figure 7b shows the accuracy of the test when p-MLKL was tested positive in either superficial or sublayer.
- Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for detecting oral neoplastic lesions.
- the detection method involves detecting phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in oral tissue taken from a subject.
- MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- oral neoplastic lesions can include squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia that can be said to be precancerous lesions thereof, non-neoplastic inflammation, and the like.
- the oral neoplastic lesion is squamous cell carcinoma or dysplasia.
- Squamous cell carcinoma can include well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is more preferably well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
- Dysplasia can include mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, and high-grade dysplasia. Moderate dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia are more preferred as dysplasia.
- MLKL Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
- necroptosis a type of cell death that is involved in the development of organisms and the growth of cancer.
- Non-phosphorylated MLKL is phosphorylated in the cytoplasm by necroptosis stimulation, which inhibits the activity of caspase 8, an apoptosis-related factor. It has been reported that phosphorylated MLKL (also called p-MLKL) translocates to the plasma membrane, forms membrane pores, and promotes the influx of extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm, thereby participating in the development of necroptosis.
- the 358th serine (Ser 358) from the N-terminal side and the 345th serine (Ser 345) from the N-terminal side have been reported.
- the subject may or may not be a patient suspected of having an oral neoplastic lesion.
- the oral tissues collected from the subject are not limited as long as p-MLKL can be detected.
- tissue collected by biopsy, tissue resected by surgery, tissue (cell population) contained in a scraped sample of oral mucosa, tissue (cell population) contained in a stamped sample of oral tissue (cell population), tissue contained in saliva ( population of cells), etc. can be used as oral tissue.
- tissue collected by biopsy, tissue resected by surgery, tissue (cell population) contained in a scraped sample of oral mucosa, tissue (cell population) contained in a stamped sample of oral tissue (cell population), tissue contained in saliva ( population of cells), etc. can be used as oral tissue.
- a scraping sample of the oral mucosa can be collected by directly scraping the oral cavity of the patient with a cotton swab or slide glass.
- An imprinted sample of oral tissue can be collected by pressing a biopsy tissue or resected tissue against a slide glass.
- Tissues contained in saliva can be collected by centrifugation or filtering after
- the biopsy tissue or resected tissue should be treated with a known fixative such as formalin and paraformaldehyde before detecting p-MLKL.
- a fixative such as formalin and paraformaldehyde
- paraffin-embedded blocks are prepared.
- a biopsy tissue or resected tissue is fixed or not fixed, and then embedded in a resin for producing a frozen block such as OCT Compound (registered trademark) to produce a frozen block.
- the prepared paraffin-embedded block or frozen block is sliced to prepare a tissue section, which is used for the detection of p-MLKL.
- Scraping samples, stamped samples, tissues contained in saliva, or cells derived from the oral cavity can be used for the detection of p-MLKL after fixing the slide glass to which they are attached with alcohol or the like.
- the method for detecting p-MLKL is not limited as long as p-MLKL can be detected in the oral tissue collected from the subject. Detection of p-MLKL can be performed, for example, by immunostaining.
- a known method can be used for immunostaining. For example, a thin section prepared from a paraffin-embedded block is subjected to deparaffinization and hydrophilic treatment, followed by blocking and reaction with an anti-p-MLKL antibody. If necessary, antigen activation treatment, endogenous peroxidase inactivation treatment, or endogenous alkaline phosphatase inactivation treatment may be performed before blocking.
- the antigen retrieval treatment can be performed, for example, by immersing the section in a citrate buffer of about pH 5.8 to 9.0 at about 95°C to 100°C for about 20 to 40 minutes. However, other methods may be adopted for this treatment as long as they can activate the antigen.
- inactivation treatment of endogenous peroxidase is also known, and can be performed by adding hydrogen peroxide and using methanol or the like.
- Endogenous alkaline phosphatase inactivation treatment is also known, and can be performed using alcohol to which hydrochloric acid has been added, or an aqueous acetic acid solution.
- sections prepared from frozen blocks are blocked after washing the embedding resin with water or buffer, and reacted with anti-p-MLKL antibody.
- Antigen activation, endogenous peroxidase inactivation, or endogenous alkaline phosphatase inactivation may be performed prior to blocking according to the methods described above.
- the scraped sample, the stamped sample, or the tissue contained in saliva is washed with water or the embedding resin with a buffer, then blocked and reacted with the anti-p-MLKL antibody.
- Antigen activation, endogenous peroxidase inactivation, or endogenous alkaline phosphatase inactivation may be performed prior to blocking according to the methods described above.
- Anti-MLKL (phospho S358) (Clone ID: EPR9514; Catalog No. ab187091, RRID: AB_2619685; Abcam), Phospho-MLKL (Ser358) Polyclonal Antibody (PA5105678; Thermo Fisher), Phospho-MLKL (Ser358) used for immunostaining ) (D6H3V) Rabbit mAb (#91689 Cell signaling), Phospho-MLKL (Ser345) Antibody (Mouse Specific) (#62233 Cell signaling), Phospho-MLKL (Ser358) (D6H3V) Rabbit mAb (#91689 Abcam), Anti- MLKL (phospho S358) antibody [EPR9514] (ab187091; Abcam), MLKL phospho (Ser358) antibody (ARG40184; arigo biolaboratories, Phospho-MLKL (Ser345) Antibody, clone 7C6.1 (Sigma Aldrich),
- Immunostaining may be a direct method or an indirect method.
- the anti-p-MLKL antibody is directly labeled with a fluorescent substance, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, or other labeling substance, and the signal from these labeling substances is used as an index to bind to p-MLKL in the tissue on the slide glass.
- Anti-p-MLKL antibody is detected.
- unlabeled anti-p-MLKL antibody primary antibody
- unlabeled anti-p-MLKL antibody primary antibody
- a secondary antibody that can bind to the primary antibody.
- the secondary antibody is labeled with a fluorescent substance, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, or other labeling substance, and anti-p-MLKL bound to p-MLKL in the tissue on the slide glass using the signal from these labeling substances as an indicator. Perform antibody detection.
- the labeling substance is a fluorescent dye
- p-MLKL in the tissue on the slide glass is detected by confirming the fluorescent signal emitted from the fluorescent dye with a fluorescence microscope.
- the labeling substance is peroxidase
- diaminobenzidine DAB
- p-MLKL in the tissue on the slide glass is detected by confirming the chromogenic signal of the substrate with an optical microscope.
- the labeling substance is alkaline phosphatase
- new fuchsin is used as a substrate
- p-MLKL in the tissue on the slide glass is detected by confirming the chromogenic signal of the substrate with an optical microscope. After immunostaining, counterstaining may be performed.
- the determination of whether the p-MLKL signal in the tissue is positive or negative can be made by the following method.
- the signal distribution area of p-MLKL in two fields of view can be scored as " ⁇ 10%" or ">10%".
- One field of view can be, for example, a 100x field of view (objective 10x eyepiece 10x).
- staining intensity can be scored as 0 (no signal), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (strong).
- a distribution area ⁇ 10% and a staining intensity of 0 and 1 can be defined as negative staining, and a distribution > 10% and a staining intensity of 2 or 3 as positive staining.
- the squamous epithelial tissue in the oral cavity is composed of five layers from the oral cavity side: the stratum corneum, the intermediate or granular layer, the spinous layer, and the basal layer.
- a layer consisting of the stratum corneum and the intermediate or granular layer is classified as the superficial layer, and the spinous layer and the basal layer are classified as the lower layer.
- p-MLKL can appear in both the superficial layer and the lower layer, it is preferable to detect p-MLKL in the superficial layer in this embodiment.
- Immunoassays include Enzyme-Immuno assay (EIA) using an enzyme as a labeling substance, Fluorescence-Immuno assay (FIA) using a fluorescent substance as a labeling substance, Radio-immuno assay (using a radioactive isotope as a labeling substance), immunochromatography Gram-based lateral flow immunoassays may be included.
- EIA includes an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) method in which an antigen is sandwiched between an antigen-capturing antibody and a detecting antibody and detected.
- Antibodies used in immunoassays can be, for example, the antibodies described in (1) above.
- the specimen used for immunoassay is not limited as long as it contains cells derived from the oral cavity.
- Specimens may include immunoassay scraping samples obtained by scraping the oral cavity with a cotton swab or the like, saliva, and the like.
- a scraping sample for immunoassay or saliva itself may be used as a specimen.
- a scraped sample for immunoassay or saliva to which a solubilizing agent that degrades cell membranes and mucus in saliva may be used as a sample.
- an anti-p-MLKL antibody for antigen capture is immobilized in advance on a solid phase such as a microplate, fluorescent beads, or magnetic beads, and the immobilized anti-p-MLKL antibody and p-MLKL in the sample form a complex.
- a solid phase such as a microplate, fluorescent beads, or magnetic beads
- the immobilized anti-p-MLKL antibody and p-MLKL in the sample form a complex.
- p-MLKL contained in the sample can be detected, or p-MLKL can be detected. Concentration can be measured.
- a complex may be first formed between an anti-p-MLKL antibody for antigen capture and p-MLKL in the specimen, and then the complex may be immobilized on a solid phase.
- the method for immobilizing the anti-p-MLKL antibody for antigen capture onto the solid phase is not particularly limited. This can be done directly, using known methods, or indirectly through another material. Direct binding includes, for example, physical adsorption and the like. Specifically, using an immunoplate or the like, each complementary antibody can be physically bound directly to a microplate. Alternatively, an anti-p-MLKL antibody for antigen capture may be indirectly immobilized on a solid phase. Indirect immobilization of capture antibodies to fluorescent beads, magnetic beads, etc. is known.
- the shape of the solid phase is not particularly limited, and examples include microplates, microtubes, test tubes, beads, and membranes.
- the material of the solid phase is not particularly limited, and for example, polystyrene, polypropylene and the like can be used for microplates, microtubes, test tubes and the like.
- polystyrene Xmap registered trademark
- MagPlex registered trademark
- microspheres Luminex
- membranes nitrocellulose filters, nylon filters, paper and the like can be used.
- the method may include an operation of washing the solid phase following formation of the complex.
- PBS or the like containing a surfactant or the like can be used.
- the complex is detected by using a detection anti-p-MLKL antibody labeled with a labeling substance in the case of a conventional immunoassay method, or by using an unlabeled anti-p-MLKL antibody. It can be performed using an anti-immunoglobulin antibody or the like labeled with a labeling substance capable of binding.
- a labeled anti-p-MLKL antibody is used for detection.
- the epitope of the anti-p-MLKL antibody antigen used for detection is different from the epitope of the anti-p-MLKL antibody antigen used for antigen capture.
- a competitor is a peptide or protein having an epitope recognized by the same capturing antibody as p-MLKL in the sample.
- a competitor may be isolated from an individual, or may be genetically engineered or chemically synthesized.
- the anti-p-MLKL antibody, the labeled anti-immunoglobulin antibody, or the labeling substance labeled with the competitor used for detection is not particularly limited as long as it produces a detectable signal.
- Examples include fluorescent substances, radioactive isotopes, metal nanoparticles and enzymes. Enzymes include alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase and the like. Examples of fluorescent substances include fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), rhodamine, fluorescent dyes such as Alexa Fluor (registered trademark), and fluorescent proteins such as GFP. Radioisotopes include 125 I, 14 C, 32 P, and the like. Examples of metal nanoparticles include gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles. Among these, gold nanoparticles, alkaline phosphatase, or peroxidase are preferred as the labeling substance.
- the anti-p-MLKL antibody used for detection is obtained by labeling each antibody with the above labeling substance by a labeling method known in the art.
- the label may be labeled using a commercially available labeling kit or the like.
- the labeled immunoglobulin antibody may be labeled using the same method as for the anti-p-MLKL antibody, or commercially available products may be used.
- the p-MLKL contained in the sample can be detected or the p-MLKL concentration can be measured by detecting the signal generated by the labeling substance of the detection antibody contained in the complex.
- detecting a signal includes qualitative detection of the presence or absence of a signal, quantification of signal intensity, and semi-quantitative detection of signal intensity.
- Semi-quantitative detection means that the intensity of the signal is indicated in stages such as “no signal”, “weak”, “medium”, “strong”, and the like.
- the intensity of the signal is preferably detected quantitatively or semi-quantitatively.
- a known method can be used to detect a signal.
- a measurement method can be appropriately selected according to the type of signal derived from the labeling substance.
- the labeling substance is an enzyme
- a signal such as light or color generated by reacting a substrate with the enzyme can be measured visually, with a fluorometer, luminometer, spectrophotometer, or the like.
- the substrate for the enzyme can be appropriately selected from known substrates according to the type of enzyme.
- the substrate is CDP-Star (registered trademark) (4-chloro-3-(methoxyspiro[1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-(5'-chloro)tricyloxy [3.3.1.13,7]Decan]-4-yl)phenyl phosphate disodium), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP), 5- chromogenic substrates such as disodium bromo-6-chloro-indolyl phosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate and the like;
- TMB tetramethylbenzidine
- the labeling substance is a radioactive isotope
- radiation as a signal can be measured using a known device such as a scintillation counter.
- fluorescence as a signal can be measured using a known device such as a fluorescence microplate reader, Luminex (registered trademark) system (Luminex). Note that the excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength can be appropriately determined according to the type of fluorescent substance used.
- the labeling substance is gold nanoparticles
- the red color of the gold nanoparticles aggregated by the antigen-antibody reaction may be detected as a signal. may be detected. Color development by metal nanoparticles or color development by silver sensitization may be confirmed visually, or the density may be measured optically.
- Immunoassays using metal nanoparticles as labeling substances are, for example, lateral flow immunoassays in which capture antibodies and detection antibodies are carried on a nitrocellulose filter, and specimens are reacted with capture antibodies and detection antibodies and antigens according to the principle of chromatography. It is preferable to use
- the signal detection result can be used as the concentration value of p-MLKL.
- the measured value of the signal intensity itself or a value calculated from the measured value of the signal intensity can be used as the concentration value of p-MLKL.
- the p-MLKL concentration value can be determined based on a predetermined reference value.
- the predetermined reference value is not limited as long as it is a value that can most accurately classify whether p-MLKL is positive or negative.
- the "most accurately classifiable value" can be appropriately set based on indices such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value depending on the purpose of the test.
- the predetermined reference value may be the value of p-MLKL concentration in individuals without oral neoplastic lesions, the average value thereof, or the like.
- the subject's p-MLKL concentration value is higher than a predetermined reference value, it means that p-MLKL has been detected.
- the p-MLKL concentration value of the subject is equal to or lower than the predetermined reference value, it means that p-MLKL was not detected.
- the p-MLKL concentration value of the subject is higher than a predetermined reference value, it can be determined that the subject has an oral neoplastic lesion. Also, if the value of the p-MLKL concentration of the subject is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value, it can be determined that the subject does not have an oral neoplastic lesion.
- the region to be examined (also called the region of interest) in the oral cavity is directly labeled with a fluorescent substance, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, luciferase, or other labeling substance.
- Anti-p-MLKL antibody is applied, and after washing, the signal of the labeling substance is detected.
- the labeling substance is a fluorescent substance
- a fluorescence signal is detected.
- a chemiluminescent substrate is used to detect the luminescence signal. The signal can be detected using a bioimaging analyzer or the like.
- Test Reagents and Test Kits for Use in In Vitro Detection Methods An embodiment of the present invention includes the above 1. 2. Regarding the test reagent for detecting p-MLKL used in the method for detecting oral neoplastic lesions described in .
- a test reagent for detecting p-MLKL contains one or more anti-p-MLKL antibodies (eg, primary antibodies) capable of binding at least a portion of p-MLKL.
- anti-p-MLKL antibodies eg, primary antibodies
- Any of polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, and fragments thereof eg, Fab, F(ab'), F(ab) 2 , etc.
- the antibody may be one screened from an antibody library, or may be a chimeric antibody, scFv, or the like.
- the anti-p-MLKL antibody preferably binds to MLKL phosphorylated at Ser 358 or Ser 345, for example.
- the commercially available antibody described in 1 above may be used as the anti-p-MLKL antibody.
- the antibody does not necessarily have to be purified, and may be antiserum containing the antibody, ascites, an immunoglobulin fraction fractionated therefrom, or the like.
- test reagents include stabilizers such as ⁇ -mercaptoethanol and DTT; protective agents such as albumin; surfactants such as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene (10) octylphenyl ether; At least one preservative such as sodium azide may be included.
- Antibodies that bind to p-MLKL may be labeled with enzymes or fluorescent dyes.
- the p-MLKL detection test reagent may be provided as a test kit that includes a package insert that describes the test reagent and how to use the reagent, or the URL of the web page that describes how to use the reagent.
- the test kit may contain a secondary antibody labeled with metal nanoparticles, an enzyme, or a fluorescent dye.
- the test kit may contain a substrate that reacts with the enzyme.
- the primary antibody contained in the test kit may be bound to the carrier described in 1.(2) above as a capture antibody.
- the primary antibody which is the capture antibody
- the secondary antibody which is the detection antibody
- a dissolving agent for dissolving the sample may be included in the kit.
- test Reagents and Test Kits for Use in In Vivo Detection Methods Certain embodiments of the present invention are described in 2. above. 1. relates to a test reagent for detecting p-MLKL used in the method for detecting oral neoplastic lesions in the oral cavity. For a description of the test reagent for detecting p-MLKL, see 3. above. is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the p-MLKL detection test reagent may be provided as a test kit that includes a package insert that describes the test reagent and how to use the reagent, or the URL of the web page that describes how to use the reagent.
- the test kit may contain a secondary antibody labeled with an enzyme or a fluorescent dye.
- the test kit may contain a substrate that reacts with the enzyme.
- Photoimmunotherapy and therapeutic composition for treating oral neoplastic lesions used in photoimmunotherapy is a method of killing target cells by irradiating them with light of
- photosensitizers include IRdye700DX (IR700) dye, which is a soluble silicon phthalocyanine derivative.
- the wavelength of the light to be irradiated is from red to near-infrared wavelengths, eg, 680 nm to 700 nm.
- Light irradiation can be performed, for example, at about 150 mW/cm 2 in the range of 8 to 32 Jules/cm 2 .
- the therapeutic composition contains an anti-p-MLKL antibody conjugated with a photosensitizer.
- a description of the antibody can be found in 3. above. is incorporated herein by reference.
- Tissue Preparation Tissues taken from patients were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE), and tissue microarrays (TMA) were prepared. Sections with a thickness of 4 ⁇ m were prepared from a single case, immunostained for p-MLKL, and tumor sites showing stronger staining intensity were used for analysis. On the paraffin-embedded block corresponding to the section, the area of tumor that showed stronger staining intensity was marked and punched out with a 2 mm biopsy needle. A paraffin block piece obtained by punching was embedded in another paraffin to prepare a TMA. A TMA sample was prepared by slicing TMA to a thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
- TMA specimens were immunostained for p-MLKL.
- Immunohistochemical staining of TMA specimens with Anti-MLKL (phospho S358) (Clone ID: EPR9514; Catalog No. ab187091, RRID: AB_2619685; Abcam; dilution ratio 1:250) was performed on the BOND III automated stainer (Leica Biosystems, Melbourne, Australia). At this time, antigen retrieval was performed at pH 6 at 100°C for 40 minutes.
- BOND Epitope Retrieval Solution 1 (#AR9961) citrate-based buffer (pH 6.0) was used as the antigen retrieval solution.
- the stained specimens were scored under a light microscope by two pathologists (Y.N. and K.T.). Scoring of p-MLKL was performed in two regions: (i) the superficial layer, which includes the stratum corneum and granular or intermediate layers, and (ii) the lower layer, which includes the spinous and basal layers.
- the distribution of p-MLKL was scored as ' ⁇ 10%' or '>10%' in area of distribution for two regions, with staining intensity of 0 (no staining), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate). , or 3 (strong).
- a distribution area ⁇ 10% with a staining intensity of 0 and 1 was defined as negative, a distribution > 10% with a staining intensity of 2 or 3 as positive. Staining intensity was evaluated with a positive signal in the cell membrane or cytoplasm.
- FIG. 1 shows immunostained images of p-MLKL in non-neoplastic lesion cases.
- FIG. 1a shows the results for inflamed tissue.
- the left image of FIG. 1a is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 1a is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 1b shows the results of tissue undergoing hyperplasia.
- FIG. 1b left is an HE-stained image
- FIG. 1b right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- 34 (97%) of 35 non-neoplastic inflammation, hyperplasia, and normal cases were negative.
- FIG. 1c A positive signal of p-MLKL was confirmed in the granular layer/intermediate layer in one case with inflammation.
- the results are shown in FIG. 1c.
- the left image of FIG. 1c is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 1c is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 2 shows an immunostaining image of p-MLKL in a precancerous lesion (OED).
- Figure 2a shows the histological results of a mild dysplasia case.
- the left image of FIG. 2a is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 2a is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- Figure 2b shows the histological results of a moderate dysplasia case.
- Fig. 2b left is an HE-stained image
- Fig. 2b right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- Figure 2c shows the histological results of a high-grade dysplasia case.
- Fig. 2c left is an HE-stained image
- 2c right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- the p-MLKL signal was confirmed in either the surface or lower layer in 73 cases (59%), and was confirmed in the surface layer in 62 cases (50%).
- FIG. 3 shows immunostained images of p-MLKL in squamous cell carcinoma.
- Figures 3a and 3b show the results of tissues in which p-MLKL signals were strongly positive.
- the left images of FIGS. 3a and 3b are HE-stained images, and the right images of FIGS. 3a and 3b are immunostained images of p-MLKL.
- Figure 3c shows the results for tissues with moderate p-MLKL signal.
- Fig. 3c left is an HE-stained image
- Fig. 3c right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- the p-MLKL signal was confirmed in either the superficial or lower layer in 84 cases (71%), and was confirmed in the superficial layer in 76 cases (64%). was done.
- FIG. 4 shows an immunostained image of p-MLKL in squamous cell carcinoma.
- Figure 4a shows the histological results of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma case.
- the left image of FIG. 4a is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 4a is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 4b shows the tissue results of a case of Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, a subtype of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
- the left image of FIG. 4b is an HE-stained image
- the right image of FIG. 4b is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- FIG. 4c shows the tissue results of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma case in which the p-MLKL signal became positive.
- Fig. 4c left is an HE-stained image and
- Fig. 4c right is an immunostained image of p-MLKL.
- p-MLKL positive signals were frequently observed in well-differentiated OSCC (53 cases, 85%), and a tendency for positive signals to be distributed in the superficial layer and keratinocytes was confirmed.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma using p-MLKL.
- PPV positive predictive value
- NPV negative predictive value
- the detection sensitivity of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is 90%, the specificity is 97%, and the PPV is 98%. If collected, p-MLKL may be used as an index to identify well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
- Figure 7 shows the results of obtaining sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV in precancerous lesions when p-MLKL was used. Regarding the accuracy of the test when p-MLKL was positive in the superficial layers, approximately 50% to 70% of the moderately to severely dysplastic tissues requiring treatment were positive (Fig. 7a).
Abstract
Description
本発明は、口腔癌や前癌病変を早期に発見し、診断が可能なバイオマーカーを提供することを課題とする。
項2.前記口腔腫瘍性病変が、扁平上皮癌、又は異形成である、項1に記載の検出方法。
項3.前記扁平上皮癌が、高分化扁平上皮癌である、項2に記載の検出方法。
項4.前記口腔組織が扁平上皮の表層であるか、口腔由来細胞が表層に由来する、項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
項5.口腔内において、口腔腫瘍性病変を検出するための、リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)の使用方法。
項6.抗リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)抗体を含む、項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法に使用するための検査試薬。
項7.項6に記載の検査試薬を含む、項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法に使用するための検査キット。
項8.口腔内において使用される、口腔腫瘍性病変を検出するための抗リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)抗体を含む、検査試薬。
項9.項8に記載の検査試薬を含む、口腔内において使用される、口腔腫瘍性病変を検出するための検査キット。
項10.光免疫療法において使用される、口腔腫瘍性病変を治療するための抗リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)抗体を含む治療用組成物。
本発明のある実施形態は、口腔腫瘍性病変の検出方法に関する。検出方法は、被検者から採取された口腔組織におけるリン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)を検出することを含む。
被検者は、口腔腫瘍性病変を疑う患者であってもよく、疑わない患者であってもよい。
免疫染色によってp-MLKLを検出する場合、生検組織、又は切除組織は、p-MLKLを検出する前にホルマリン、及びパラホルムアルデヒド等の公知の固定液で固定してから、パラフィン包埋ブロックを作製する。あるいは、生検組織、又は切除組織を固定してから、若しくは固定せずに、OCTコンパウンド(登録商標)等の凍結ブロック作製用の樹脂に包埋し、凍結ブロックを作製する。作製したパラフィン包埋ブロック、又は凍結ブロックを薄切して組織切片を作製し、p-MLKLの検出に供する。
免疫染色後は、対比染色を行ってもよい。
被検者から採取された口腔由来細胞におけるp-MLKLは、イムノアッセイ、競合イムノアッセイ等により検出することができる。イムノアッセイには、標識物質として酵素を使用するEnzyme-Immuno assay(EIA)、標識物質として蛍光物質を使用するFluorescence -Immuno assay(FIA)、標識物質として放射性同位体を使用するRadio-immuno assay、イムノクロマトグラムを利用するラテラルフローイムノアッセイを含み得る。EIAには、抗原を抗原捕捉用抗体と検出用抗体によりサンドイッチして検出するELISA(Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay)法を含む。
上記1.で述べたように、p-MLKLは、扁平上皮組織の表層に出現するため、組織や資料を採取しなくても、被検者の口腔内において、直接表層のp-MLKLを検出することができる。表層のp-MLKLの検出は、上記1.と同様に免疫染色を使用して行うことができる。
本発明のある実施形態は、上記1.で述べた、口腔腫瘍性病変の検出方法に使用するp-MLKL検出用検査試薬に関する。
p-MLKLと結合する抗体は、酵素や蛍光色素で標識されていてもよい。
本発明のある実施形態は、上記2.で述べた、口腔内で口腔腫瘍性病変の検出方法に使用するp-MLKL検出用検査試薬に関する。
p-MLKL検出用検査試薬に関する説明は、上記3.の記載をここに援用する。
光免疫療法は、抗体に光感受性物質を結合させた複合体を標的細胞に結合させ、所定波長の光を照射することで、標的細胞を死滅させる方法である。光感受性物質としては、例えば、溶性シリコンフタロシアニン誘導体であるIRdye700DX(IR700)色素を挙げることができる。照射する光の波長は、赤色から近赤外波長、例えば680nmから700nmである。光照射は、例えば、8から32 Jules/cm2 の範囲で、150 mW/cm2程度行うことができる。
1.症例
2016年1月から2020年12月の間に関西医科大学病院の耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科で外科的切除を受けた276名の患者について検討した(表1)。276名中118名が口腔扁平上皮癌(OSCC)症例(高分化:62名、中分化:24名、低分化:32名)であり、123名が前癌病変/異形成症例(軽度:35名、中等度:49名、高度:39名)であり、35名が非腫瘍性病変(過形成:7、炎症:13、腫瘍近傍に存在する正常組織:15)であった。手術前に治療を受けた患者はいなかった。腫瘍の組織学的グレードは、WHOグレーディングシステムに従って分類した。
患者から採取した組織について、ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋(FFPE)を行い、組織マイクロアレイ(TMA)を作製した。単一の症例から作製した、厚さ4 μmの切片を作製し、p-MLKLの免疫染色を行い、より強い染色強度を示した腫瘍部位を解析に使用した。前記切片に対応するパラフィン包埋ブロック上で、より強い染色強度を示した腫瘍部の領域をマークし、2 mmの生検針でその部分を打ち抜いた。打ち抜いて得られたパラフィンブロック片を、別のパラフィンに包埋し、TMAを作製した。TMAを、厚さ4μmに薄切しTMA標本を作製した。
TMA標本について、p-MLKLの免疫染色を行った。Anti-MLKL (phospho S358)(Clone ID:EPR9514;カタログ番号ab187091、RRID:AB_2619685;Abcam;希釈率1:250)によるTMA標本の免疫組織化学染色は、標準プロトコルに従ってBOND III全自動染色装置(Leica Biosystems、オーストラリア、メルボルン)を使用して行った。このとき、抗原賦活化はpH6にて、100℃で40分行った。抗原賦活化処理液として、BOND Epitope Retrieval Solution 1(#AR9961) クエン酸ベース緩衝液(pH6.0)を使用した。検出システムはBOND Polymer Refine Detection(#DS9800)コンパクトポリマー検出システム(HRP標識・DAB発色)を使用した。
1.非腫瘍性病変症例
図1に、非腫瘍性病変症例におけるp-MLKLの免疫染色画像を示す。図1aは、炎症を起こしている組織の結果を示す。図1a左は、HE染色画像であり、図1a右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図1bは、過形成を起こしている組織の結果を示す。図1b 左は、HE染色画像であり、図1b右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図5上段に示す様に非腫瘍性の炎症、過形成、正常合計35例中、34例(97%)が陰性であった。炎症を来している1症例で、顆粒層/中間層にp-MLKLの陽性シグナルが確認された。その結果を図1cに示す。図1c左は、HE染色画像であり、図1c右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。
図2に、前癌病変(OED)におけるp-MLKLの免疫染色画像を示す。図2aは、軽度異形成症例の組織の結果を示す。図2a左は、HE染色画像であり、図2a右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図2bは、中等度異形成症例の組織の結果を示す。図2b 左は、HE染色画像であり、図2b右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図2cは、高度異形成症例の組織の結果を示す。図2c 左は、HE染色画像であり、図2c右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図5中段に示すように、p-MLKLのシグナルは、73例(59%)で表層及び下層のいずれかの領域に確認され、62例(50%)で、表層に確認された。
図3に、扁平上皮癌におけるp-MLKLの免疫染色画像を示す。図3a及び図3bは、p-MLKLのシグナルが強陽性であった組織の結果を示す。図3a及び図3bの左は、HE染色画像であり、図3a及び図3bの右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図3cは、p-MLKLのシグナルが中等度であった組織の結果を示す。図3c左は、HE染色画像であり、図3c右は、p-MLKLの免疫染色画像である。図5下段に示すように、p-MLKLのシグナルは、84例(71%)の症例において、表層及び下層のいずれかの領域で確認され、76例(64%)の症例において、表層に確認された。
図6に、p-MLKLを用いた場合の口腔扁平上皮癌の検出に関する感度、特異度、陽性的中率(PPV)、陰性的中率(NPV)を求めた結果を示す。表層においてp-MLKLが陽性と判定された場合の検査精度に関し、高分化扁平上皮癌の感度、特異度、PPV、NPVが最も高い値を示した(図6a)。このことから、p-MLKLの検出は、腫瘍であるか否かの判別が最も難しい高分化扁平上皮癌の検出に有用であると考えられた。
Claims (10)
- 被検者から採取された口腔組織、又は口腔由来細胞におけるリン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)を検出することを含む、口腔腫瘍性病変の検出方法。
- 前記口腔腫瘍性病変が、扁平上皮癌、又は異形成である、請求項1に記載の検出方法。
- 前記扁平上皮癌が、高分化扁平上皮癌である、請求項2に記載の検出方法。
- 前記口腔組織が扁平上皮の表層であるか、口腔由来細胞が表層に由来する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 口腔内において、口腔腫瘍性病変を検出するための、リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)の使用方法。
- 抗リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)抗体を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法に使用するための検査試薬。
- 請求項6に記載の検査試薬を含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の検出方法に使用するための検査キット。
- 口腔内において使用される、口腔腫瘍性病変を検出するための抗リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)抗体を含む、検査試薬。
- 請求項8に記載の検査試薬を含む、口腔内において使用される、口腔腫瘍性病変を検出するための検査キット。
- 光免疫療法において使用される、口腔腫瘍性病変を治療するための抗リン酸化mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)抗体を含む治療用組成物。
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