WO2022230436A1 - 放射性核種製造システムおよび放射性核種製造方法 - Google Patents
放射性核種製造システムおよび放射性核種製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022230436A1 WO2022230436A1 PCT/JP2022/012455 JP2022012455W WO2022230436A1 WO 2022230436 A1 WO2022230436 A1 WO 2022230436A1 JP 2022012455 W JP2022012455 W JP 2022012455W WO 2022230436 A1 WO2022230436 A1 WO 2022230436A1
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- circulation path
- production system
- liquid
- radionuclide production
- radionuclide
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- -1 halogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
- G21G1/04—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
- G21G1/12—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by electromagnetic irradiation, e.g. with gamma or X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
- G21K5/08—Holders for targets or for other objects to be irradiated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radionuclide production system and a radionuclide production method that produce radionuclides using nuclear reactions caused by bremsstrahlung radiation.
- Actinium 225 is a radionuclide that emits alpha rays and is expected to be a raw material for therapeutic agents used in internal alpha ray therapy.
- actinium-225 is produced by decay from the parent nuclide, thorium-229 (Th-229).
- Th-229 does not exist in nature and is produced by decay from uranium-233 (U-233).
- U-233 since U-233 will not be produced in the future due to the need to protect nuclear materials, the amount of Ac-225 that can be produced worldwide will be limited to the range that can be produced from the existing U-233 via Th-229. be done. Although this amount is sufficient for preclinical trials, it is expected that there will be a significant shortage after clinical trials, so production using an accelerator is desired.
- Ra-226(p,2n)Ac-225 reaction As a method for producing Ac-225 using an accelerator, a method using the Ra-226(p,2n)Ac-225 reaction is known. In this method, naturally occurring radium-226 (Ra-226) is irradiated with protons accelerated in a cyclotron. Manufacturing tests are being conducted at ORNL, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in the United States, and National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) in Japan. , has not been commercialized.
- Ra-226 is irradiated with fast neutrons.
- the apparatus becomes large due to shielding, and a problem that radioactive waste increases due to activation of the apparatus.
- Ra-226 is irradiated with bremsstrahlung.
- Bremsstrahlung radiation is generated by irradiating a target material with a large atomic number with electrons accelerated by a microtron, a linear accelerator, or the like.
- Patent Literature 1 describes a technique of producing radionuclides by irradiating bremsstrahlung radiation to the fluid in the circulation path while circulating the fluid containing raw material nuclides in the circulation path.
- Patent Document 1 by irradiating radiation while circulating a fluid containing a raw material nuclide in a circulation path, it is possible to produce the desired radionuclide in the fluid without using a solid target material. Since the target material is not melted by irradiation, it is not necessary to irradiate the radiation intermittently at long time intervals. In addition, it is not necessary to take out the target material in order to obtain the desired radionuclides generated in the target material. Therefore, the desired radionuclide can be efficiently produced.
- a fluid containing raw material nuclides when irradiated with radiation, not only the raw material nuclides are transmuted, but also the medium in the fluid may be radiolyzed.
- the medium in the fluid may be radiolyzed.
- an acid solution in which a chloride, oxide, etc. containing Ra-226 is dissolved in an acid is used.
- the acid solution contains water. Therefore, at least part of the water is radiolyzed to generate oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a radionuclide production system and a radionuclide production method that are capable of efficiently producing radionuclides with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device.
- a radionuclide production system is a radionuclide production system for producing radionuclides by irradiating a liquid containing raw material nuclides with bremsstrahlung radiation, wherein the liquid containing raw material nuclides is circulated.
- a circulation path and a radiation generator for generating bremsstrahlung radiation to irradiate the liquid are provided, and a metal material containing a pure platinum group metal or a platinum group alloy is provided in the upper part of the circulation path.
- the method for producing a radionuclide according to the present invention is a method for producing a radionuclide by irradiating a liquid containing a raw material nuclide with bremsstrahlung radiation, wherein the liquid containing a raw material nuclide is circulated in a circulation path. , irradiating the liquid with bremsstrahlung to convert the raw materials into radionuclides, and oxygen and hydrogen generated by radiolysis of the liquid are transferred to the upper pure platinum group metal or platinum group alloy in the circulation path. is removed by a recombination reaction with the metal material formed in .
- radionuclide production system and a radionuclide production method that are capable of efficiently producing radionuclides with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention. 1 is a graph showing the theoretical values of the reaction cross-section of the ( ⁇ , n) reaction of Ra-226. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the radionuclide production system which concerns on this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention.
- the radionuclide production system 100 includes a circulation path 10, a target for generating bremsstrahlung (radiation generator) 20, a separator (separator) 30, a pump 40, and a metal material 50. , is equipped with
- reference numeral 11 indicates the liquid containing raw material nuclides and product nuclides in the circulation path.
- Reference numeral 12 indicates the direction of liquid flow.
- Reference numeral 13 indicates a gas phase portion containing the produced gas.
- Reference numeral 21 indicates an electron beam.
- Reference numeral 22 denotes bremsstrahlung.
- the radionuclide production system 100 is a device that produces radionuclides by irradiating bremsstrahlung to a liquid containing raw material nuclides.
- a predetermined raw material nuclide contained in a liquid is irradiated with bremsstrahlung radiation having energy equal to or higher than a nuclear reaction threshold, and the raw material nuclide is transmuted into a target radionuclide by a photonuclear reaction caused by the bremsstrahlung. do.
- platinum A metal member 50 formed of a pure metal of the group or an alloy of the platinum group.
- the production of radionuclides in the radionuclide production system 100 is performed by the following method.
- a liquid 11 containing raw material nuclides is introduced into the circulation path 10 and circulated within the circulation path 10 .
- an electron beam irradiation device (not shown) irradiates a high-energy electron beam 21 toward a target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung.
- the target 20 generates bremsstrahlung 22 having energy equal to or higher than the threshold required for the nuclear reaction that produces the target radionuclide by bremsstrahlung caused by the electron beam 21 .
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide is irradiated with bremsstrahlung 22 to convert the raw material nuclide into the target radionuclide.
- the target radionuclides produced by the nuclear reaction flow in the circulation path 10 away from the irradiation area of the bremsstrahlung 22 together with the unconverted raw material nuclides.
- the target radionuclide produced by the nuclear reaction is continuously or intermittently removed from the circulation path 10 in the separation device 30 as required.
- the unconverted raw material nuclide further flows through the circulation path 10 , is resupplied to the bremsstrahlung 22 irradiation area, and is irradiated with the bremsstrahlung 22 .
- the circulation of the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide and the irradiation of the bremsstrahlung 22 can be repeated continuously or intermittently.
- the oxygen and hydrogen produced by the radiolysis of the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclides are removed by recombination reactions in the upper metal material 50 in the circulation path 10 .
- the metal material 50 is made of a pure platinum group metal or a platinum group alloy, it has a catalytic activity of combining oxygen and hydrogen to generate water. Therefore, even if oxygen and hydrogen are generated by radiolysis of water, the catalytic activity of the metal material 50 returns the oxygen and hydrogen to water, and the gas is removed from the circulation path 10 .
- nuclides can be used as raw material nuclides depending on the target radionuclides to be produced.
- Specific examples of raw material nuclides include radium-226 (Ra-226), molybdenum-100 (Mo-100), zinc-68 (Zn-68), hafnium-178 (Hf-178), germanium-70 (Ge- 70) and the like.
- the nuclear transmutation reaction of the raw material nuclide ( ⁇ , n), ( ⁇ , p), ( ⁇ , 2n) depending on the target radionuclide to be produced, the type of the raw material nuclide, the required energy, etc. , ( ⁇ , pn) can be used.
- the radionuclide produced by the nuclear reaction is not particularly limited, but it is useful as a raw material for therapeutic agents used in internal radiotherapy and as a radiolabeled reagent used in radiodiagnosis. Nuclides, ⁇ -emitting or ⁇ -emitting nuclides are preferred.
- the radionuclides produced may be progeny nuclides produced by radioactive decay after the photonuclear reaction.
- Ra-226 ( ⁇ , n) Ra-225 reaction and ⁇ decay can be used.
- technetium-99m which is a gamma-ray emitting nuclide
- Mo-100( ⁇ ,n)Tc-99m reaction can be used.
- a Zn-68( ⁇ , p)Cu-67 reaction can be used to produce copper-67 (Cu-67), which is a ⁇ -ray/ ⁇ -ray emitting nuclide.
- Lu-177 which is a ⁇ -ray/ ⁇ -ray emitting nuclide
- Hf-178( ⁇ , p) Lu-177 reaction can be used.
- gallium-68 (Ga-68) which is a beta-ray emitting nuclide
- Ge-70 ( ⁇ , 2n) Ge-68 reaction and electron capture reaction can be used.
- the apparatus can be provided in a small size and light weight.
- the liquid 11 containing raw material nuclides a solution obtained by dissolving a material containing raw material nuclides in a solvent, a dispersion liquid obtained by dispersing a material containing raw material nuclides in a dispersion medium, or the like can be used.
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide may be in the form of a low-viscosity liquid, or in the form of a slurry having a higher viscosity than water, as long as it contains at least a very small amount of water.
- Water, an acid solution, or the like can be used as the solvent or dispersion medium. Examples of acid solutions include hydrochloric acid solutions and nitric acid solutions.
- Appropriate chemical forms can be used as the substance containing the raw material nuclide, depending on the type, solubility, dispersibility, etc. of the raw material nuclide.
- Specific examples of substances containing raw material nuclides include compounds such as oxides, nitrides, hydrides, carbides, halides, carbonates, nitrates, acetates, ammonium salts, and complexes.
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide does not contain halogen derived from the raw material, such as halogen molecules, halogen compounds, and halogen ions.
- halogen derived from the raw material
- the substance containing the raw material nuclide, the solvent, and the dispersion medium be substances that do not contain halogen. If halogen is not contained, poisoning of the metal material 50 can be avoided, so oxygen gas and hydrogen gas can be continuously and efficiently removed.
- radium chloride (RaCl 2 ), radium carbonate (RaCO 3 ), etc. can be used, but radium carbonate (RaCO 3 ) is more preferable.
- Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) or the like can be used as the substance containing Mo-99.
- Zinc oxide (ZnO) or the like can be used as the substance containing Zn-68.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing theoretical values of the reaction cross section of the ( ⁇ , n) reaction of Ra-226.
- the Ra-226( ⁇ ,n)Ra-225 reaction has an energy threshold of 6.4 MeV required for nuclear transmutation of raw material nuclides.
- the reaction cross section of this nuclear reaction has a maximum due to a giant resonance near 15-20 MeV.
- Bremsstrahlung radiation with such energy can be obtained when high-energy electrons accelerated by a linear accelerator or the like are bremsstrahlung.
- An electron beam accelerator such as a linear accelerator can be provided in a smaller size than a proton accelerator or a heavy particle accelerator if the applied energy is the same.
- reaction cross-section of the Ra-226( ⁇ , n)Ra-225 reaction is comparable to the reaction cross-section of the Ra-226(p,2n)Ac-225 reaction. Therefore, when the photonuclear reaction using bremsstrahlung radiation is used to produce Ac-225, the same amount of Ac-225 can be obtained with a small apparatus as compared with the case of using the neutron generation reaction using proton beams.
- the reaction cross-section of the Ra-226(n,2n)Ra-225 reaction is a little less than an order of magnitude larger than that of the Ra-226( ⁇ ,n)Ra-225 reaction, but the Ra-226(n, 2n)
- deuterons accelerated by a cyclotron must be irradiated to a carbon target or a tritium-occluded metal target.
- Ra-226 ( ⁇ , n) Ra-225 reaction when a liquid in which a substance containing Ra-226 is dissolved or dispersed is irradiated with bremsstrahlung 22, the substance containing Ra-226 transforms into Ra-225. converted into substances containing
- Ra-225 undergoes ⁇ decay and becomes Ac-225 with a half-life of 14.8 days. Unreacted Ra-226 and undegraded Ra-225 are in a state of being mixed with each other, but since they have the same chemical form, they are not easily separated from each other. However, since Ra-225 is produced in a smaller amount than Ra-226 at normal conversion efficiency in the circulation path 10, the effect of re-irradiation with bremsstrahlung is small.
- Ac-225 becomes Fr-221 with a half-life of 10.0 days. Fr-221 becomes At-217 with a half-life of 4.9 minutes. At-217 becomes Bi-213 with a half-life of 32 ms.
- Ac-225 which is an ⁇ -ray emitting nuclide, and its progeny nuclide are useful as raw materials for therapeutic drugs.
- Ac-225 and its progeny nuclides can be taken out of the circulation path 10 after being produced in the circulation path 10.
- Ra-226 and Ra-225 do not emit ⁇ -rays, they are preferably separated and removed from Ac-225 and the like.
- Ra-226 is relatively expensive, it is preferable to reuse it as a raw material nuclide after separation.
- the circulation path 10 can be provided in a direction to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the vertical direction.
- the position of the irradiation area of the bremsstrahlung 22 is set to the section where the liquid 11 flows downward among the sections of the circulation path 10 extending in the vertical direction.
- the position of the irradiation area of the bremsstrahlung 22 is not particularly limited on the circulation path 10 .
- the circulation path 10 is a flow path for circulating the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide, and is formed in a closed ring with a structural material such as a pipe.
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a liquid-tight and air-tight manner in order to prevent leakage of the liquid 11 containing raw material nuclides and radioactive substances.
- a radiation shielding body can be provided so as to surround the structural members.
- the shield can be made of an appropriate material, such as a shielding material such as lead, iron, or alloys thereof, or a composite material in which a shielding material is mixed with resin, rubber, or the like.
- the bremsstrahlung radiation 22 can be irradiated to the raw material nuclide in the liquid while circulating the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide.
- the amount of product nuclides produced by nuclear reactions is very small, and most of the raw material nuclides remain unconverted.
- the desired radionuclide produced by the nuclear reaction can be taken out as necessary, while the unconverted raw material nuclide can be re-irradiated with the bremsstrahlung 22. Therefore, the target radionuclide can be efficiently produced with high conversion efficiency.
- the circulation path 10 when the circulation path 10 is provided, the bremsstrahlung radiation 22 can be irradiated while the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide is circulated, so that the temperature rise of the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 due to beam heating can be suppressed. .
- the production amount of the target radionuclide can be easily adjusted based on the concentration, circulation speed or circulation distance of the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide.
- the space inside the circulation path 10 can be used for storage and storage of raw material nuclides and radionuclides.
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is made of a material that generates bremsstrahlung when irradiated with charged particles.
- the target 20 can be made of any suitable material as long as it efficiently generates bremsstrahlung.
- the target 20 can be provided in an appropriate structure such as a structure in which a plate-like or foil-like target material is fixed to a target holder, a structure in which the target material is embedded in the target, or a structure in which the target material is placed in a container.
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is preferably made of a material with a high atomic number and high density.
- Preferred materials for the target 20 include tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), and iridium. (Ir) and other platinum group metals.
- a target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is irradiated with a high-energy electron beam 21 from an electron beam irradiation device (not shown).
- an electron beam irradiation apparatus an apparatus having an electron source such as an electron gun and an accelerator for accelerating electrons is used.
- a linear accelerator, a microtron, a betatron, or the like can be used as the accelerator.
- a linear accelerator is preferable in that a high-energy electron beam can be obtained with a small device.
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided close to the structural material forming the circulation path 10, and is provided separately from the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and the metal material 50. there is When provided as a separate body, maintenance and management such as replacement are facilitated.
- the electron beam 21 to the target 20 and the bremsstrahlung 22 from the target 20 are directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from the side of the circulation path 10 .
- electron beams are emitted horizontally from accelerators. Further, when an electron beam is made incident on a target for generating bremsstrahlung, the bremsstrahlung is strongly emitted in the same direction as the direction in which the electron beam travels. Further, part of the electron beam passes through the target for generating bremsstrahlung and generates a large heat load behind the target. From the viewpoint of alleviating the heat load, it is desirable to let the electron beam enter the liquid.
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are directed to enter from the side of the circulation path 10, the electron beam 21 horizontally emitted from the accelerator is incident on the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 without deflecting its trajectory. be able to. Since there is no need for a curved beam transport tube to be deflected, a deflection magnet, or the like, the device can be made compact and lightweight.
- the separation device 30 is a device for separating the target radionuclides generated in the circulation path 10 from the raw material nuclides.
- the separation device 30 can be provided on the circulation path 10 by providing an inlet into which the liquid to be treated flows and an outlet from which the treated liquid after the separation treatment flows out. Separation device 30 may separate progeny nuclides produced by radioactive decay of radionuclides produced in the nuclear reaction.
- a chromatograph As the separation device 30, a chromatograph, a centrifugal separator, a sedimentation separator, an evaporative separator, etc. can be used depending on the nuclide to be separated.
- a column for liquid chromatography can be used as the chromatograph.
- the column one having a high affinity for one of the chemical forms containing the source nuclide and the chemical form containing the target radionuclide and having a low affinity for the other can be used.
- the stationary phase packed in the column may be solid, liquid, gel, or the like.
- the permeated liquid from the column is discharged to the outside of the circulation path 10 and recovered, and the eluate from the column is sent to the circulation path 10. return. If the chemical form containing the desired radionuclide has affinity for the stationary phase, the permeate from the column is returned to circulation path 10, and the effluent from the column is discharged outside circulation path 10 and collected.
- Appropriate devices such as disk type, decanter type, and cyclone type can be used as the centrifuge.
- Appropriate devices such as centrifugal sedimentation type, gravity sedimentation type, flotation separation type, and heavy liquid separation type can be used as the sedimentation separator.
- a centrifugal separator or sedimentation separator may use a precipitant or a flocculating agent.
- the precipitant or flocculating agent those that strongly act on one of the chemical forms containing the raw nuclide and the chemical forms that contain the target radionuclide and weakly or inactively on the other can be used.
- the supernatant fraction is discharged outside the circulation path 10 and recovered, and the sedimentation fraction is returned to the circulation path 10. If the chemical form containing the radionuclide of interest precipitates, the supernatant fraction is returned to the circuit 10 and the precipitated fraction is discharged outside the circuit 10 for recovery.
- the evaporative separator an appropriate device equipped with an evaporator for evaporating liquid, a heating source, a condenser for condensing vapor, etc. can be used.
- the evaporative separator when the chemical form containing the raw material nuclide and the chemical form containing the target radionuclide differ greatly in vaporization temperature, the nuclides can be separated from each other by gas-liquid separation using the difference in vaporization temperature. .
- the non-evaporated liquid is discharged to the outside of the circulation path 10 and recovered, and the vapor is condensed and returned to the circulation path 10. If the radionuclide of interest is separated on the vapor side, the vapor is discharged outside the circuit 10 for recovery, and the non-vaporized liquid is returned to the circuit 10 .
- the target radionuclide generated in the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide can be separated from the unconverted raw material nuclide. Therefore, the target radionuclide is recovered while circulating the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide. and irradiation of unconverted source nuclides. Since the target radionuclides are sequentially extracted and the conversion efficiency of nuclear transmutation by irradiation with the bremsstrahlung 22 is improved, the target radionuclides can be produced efficiently.
- the pump 40 circulates the liquid 11 inside the circulation path 50 .
- the pump 40 can be provided on the circulation path 10 with a suction port for sucking liquid and a discharge port for discharging pressurized liquid connected to the middle of the circulation path 10 .
- the pump 40 may have its discharge rate controlled, or its operation controlled on/off.
- an appropriate system such as a centrifugal pump, an axial flow pump, a mixed flow pump, a jet pump, or the like can be used.
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide can be forcibly circulated within the circulation path 10 . Therefore, the irradiation of the bremsstrahlung 22 can be continued to efficiently produce the target radionuclide. Further, since the liquid 11 behind the target 20 is forcibly replaced, the temperature rise of the liquid 11 caused by the electron beam 21 transmitted through the target 20 can be suppressed.
- the metal material 50 is made of a platinum group pure metal or a platinum group alloy, and catalyzes a recombination reaction that combines oxygen and hydrogen to generate water.
- the metal material 50 is provided in the upper part inside the circulation path 10 .
- a platinum group material is suitable for installation in the circulation path 10 because it has catalytic activity to generate water from oxygen and hydrogen and has high radiation resistance.
- the metal material 50 is mainly made of a platinum group member and has a surface made of a platinum group member, but may have a portion other than the platinum group member.
- Platinum group pure metals and platinum group alloys include platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), and alloys containing these as main components. .
- the metal material 50 one kind of pure metal or alloy may be provided, or plural kinds of pure metals or alloys may be provided.
- the upper part of the circulation path 10 is a place where, when oxygen gas or hydrogen gas is generated by radiolysis of water, the gas that rises in the liquid tends to accumulate.
- the surface of the structural material located in the ceiling part of the circulation path 10 the surface of the side part close to the ceiling part of the circulation path 10, and the upper surface close to the ceiling part of the circulation path 10 It includes a place such as a space, which is inside a structural member such as a pipe that forms the circulation path 10 and may come into contact with the gas.
- the liquid 11 containing raw material nuclides When the liquid 11 containing raw material nuclides is irradiated with bremsstrahlung 22, at least part of the water contained in the liquid 11 may be radiolyzed. When water is radiolyzed, oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are generated. Since the gas is lighter than the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 , it rises in the liquid and accumulates in the upper part of the circulation path 10 . When a large amount of gas is produced, a gas phase portion 13 is formed in the upper portion of the circulation path 10 .
- Ra-226 ( ⁇ , n) Ra-225 reaction
- radiolysis of water occurs not only by bremsstrahlung but also by alpha rays emitted from Ac-225 and its progeny nuclides. of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are generated.
- Ra-226 becomes Rn-222 by alpha decay.
- Rn-222 exists as a monatomic molecular gas. Therefore, if leakage, rupture, or the like occurs in the circulation path 10, gaseous Rn-222 may also diffuse into the environment.
- Ra-226 Assuming that 50 GBq of Ra-226 is used as a raw nuclide, 5.0 ⁇ 10 10 Rn-222 are generated per second by ⁇ decay. Rn-222 becomes a progeny nuclide with a half-life of 3.8 days. Many of the progeny nuclides take solid chemical forms. Therefore, the radioactive decay of Ra-226 produces less gas than the radiolysis of water. It can be said that raw material nuclides such as Ra-226 have less effect on pressure rise than water in the liquid.
- Radioactive gas treatment equipment usually includes large-scale filters, adsorption towers, monitoring equipment, and the like. Therefore, installation of a radioactive gas treatment apparatus poses a problem of increasing the size and weight of the system as a whole.
- a metal member 50 made of a pure platinum group metal or a platinum group alloy is provided in the upper part of the circulation path 10, the radiolysis of water occurs to generate oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.
- oxygen and hydrogen can be recombined to form water.
- Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas are less likely to be accumulated in the circulation path 10, so an increase in pressure inside the circulation path 10 is suppressed.
- the metal material 50 is provided in the upper part of the circulation path 10, leakage of the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 due to overpressure, leakage of radioactive materials such as raw material nuclides, target radionuclides, and their progeny nuclides, Explosion or the like of the pipe-shaped structural material forming the circulation path 10 can be prevented. Diffusion of radioactive materials and exposure of manufacturing workers are prevented. In addition, it is possible to reduce the oxygen-hydrogen mixed gas accumulated in the circulation path 10 and reduce the danger of hydrogen explosion.
- the metal material 50 is provided integrally with the structural material that forms the circulation path 10 .
- the metal member 50 is arranged on the ceiling portion of the section on the upper side of the circulation path 10 so as to be exposed to the inside of the circulation path 10 .
- the surface of the structural material forming the circulation path 10 can be provided with fine grooves, fine holes, etc. made of a platinum group metal. .
- a large surface area can be obtained by providing fine grooves, fine holes, or the like formed of a platinum group member, thereby increasing the reaction efficiency of the recombination reaction.
- Structural materials having fine grooves, fine holes, etc. formed of platinum group on the surface may be made of platinum group only partially, including the surface of fine grooves, fine holes, etc., or all may be made of platinum group. may be formed with As a method of forming a part of the platinum group, a method of bonding a platinum group coating material by pressure bonding or the like, a method of plating a platinum group, or the like can be used.
- the metal material 50 is provided above the circulation path 10
- accumulation of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas due to radiolysis of water is suppressed. be.
- the circulation path 10 that can efficiently produce radionuclides
- diffusion of radioactive substances, exposure of workers to radiation, and hydrogen explosion are prevented. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently produce radionuclides with a compact, lightweight, and highly safe apparatus.
- the metal material 50 is provided integrally with the structural material forming the circulation path 10
- the metal material 50 is inside the pipe-shaped structural material forming the circulation path 10.
- the pressure loss caused by the metallic material 50 to the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 and the deposition of dispersoids on the surface of the metallic material 50 can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention.
- the metal material 50 may be attached as a part inside the pipe-shaped structural material that forms the circulation path 10 .
- FIG. 3 shows a radionuclide production system 200 including such a metal material 50.
- FIG. 3 shows a radionuclide production system 200 including such a metal material 50.
- the radionuclide production system 200 includes a circulation path 10, a target for generating bremsstrahlung (radiation generation section) 20, a separation device (separation section) 30, a pump 40, A metal material 50 is provided.
- the main configuration of the radionuclide production system 200 is substantially the same as the radionuclide production system 100 described above, except for the form of the metal material 50 .
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided close to the structural material forming the circulation path 10, and is provided separately from the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and the metal material 50.
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from the side of the circulation path 10 .
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a direction to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the vertical direction.
- the metal material 50 is attached to the upper part of the circulation path 10 as a component.
- the metal material 50 as a part is arranged so as to be exposed to the inside of the circulation path 10 at a position close to the ceiling of the upper section of the circulation path 10 .
- the metal material 50 as a part can be attached by an appropriate method such as welding, brazing, or mechanical joining using joining parts.
- these metal materials 50 a large surface area can be obtained, so that the reaction efficiency of the recombination reaction can be improved.
- radionuclides are efficiently produced with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device. can do.
- the metal material 50 is attached as a part inside the pipe-shaped structural material forming the circulation path 10, compared to the case where the metal material 50 is provided integrally with the structural material forming the circulation path 10. Therefore, the metal material 50 can be easily replaced, cleaned, regenerated, and the like.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 may be directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from above the circulation path 10 . FIG. 4 shows a radionuclide production system 300 with such a configuration.
- the radionuclide production system 300 includes a circulation path 10, a target for generating bremsstrahlung (radiation generation section) 20, a separation device (separation section) 30, a pump 40, A metal material 50 is provided.
- the main configuration of the radionuclide production system 300 is substantially the same as the radionuclide production system 100 described above, except for the arrangement of the target 20 and the like.
- the metal material 50 is provided integrally with the structural material forming the circulation path 10 .
- the metal member 50 is arranged on the ceiling portion of the section on the upper side of the circulation path 10 so as to be exposed to the inside of the circulation path 10 .
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a direction to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the vertical direction.
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided close to the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and is provided separately from the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and the metal material 50 .
- the target 20 is arranged above the metal material 50 arranged above the circulation path 10 .
- the target 20 and the metal material 50 are arranged coaxially between the irradiation port of the electron beam 21 and the irradiation area of the bremsstrahlung 22 on the circulation path 10 .
- the electron beam 21 is directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from above the circulation path 10 .
- a part of the electron beam 21 irradiated from above to the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is also irradiated to the metal material 50 provided on the upper part of the circulation path 10 behind the target 20.
- the metal material 50 is irradiated with the electron beam 21 , part of the energy of the electron beam 21 is applied to heat the metal material 50 .
- the trajectory from the electron beam irradiation device may be deflected so that the electron beam 21 is incident on the target 20 from above.
- the bremsstrahlung is strongly emitted in the same direction as the direction in which the electron beam travels. Therefore, the bremsstrahlung 22 is also directed toward the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from above the circulation path 10 .
- the electron beam 21 It is preferable to irradiate the electron beam 21 with an energy that loses all energy inside the metal material 50 or behind the metal material 50 . Moreover, it is preferable that the electron beam 21 be irradiated with energy that does not pass through the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 . By irradiating with such energy, the electron beam 21 can be made incident in the circulation path 10 and the concentration of the heat load can be alleviated.
- radionuclides are efficiently produced with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device. can do.
- the metal material 50 can also be irradiated with the electron beam 21 .
- the metal material 50 is heated to an appropriate temperature by irradiating it with the electron beam 21, the catalytic activity of the recombination reaction is enhanced, so that the removal rate of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention.
- the metal material 50 may function as a target (radiation generator) for generating bremsstrahlung. That is, the metal material 50 may have the function of not only catalyzing the recombination reaction, but also generating the bremsstrahlung 22 when irradiated with the electron beam 21 .
- FIG. 5 shows a radionuclide production system 400 having such a configuration.
- the radionuclide production system 400 includes a circulation path 10, a separation device (separation section) 30, a pump 40, and a metal material 50, similar to the radionuclide production system 300 described above.
- the main configuration of the radionuclide production system 400 is substantially the same as that of the radionuclide production system 300 described above, except for the configuration of the radiation generating section.
- the metal material 50 is provided integrally with the structural material that forms the circulation path 10 .
- the metal member 50 is arranged on the ceiling portion of the section on the upper side of the circulation path 10 so as to be exposed to the inside of the circulation path 10 .
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from above the circulation path 10 .
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a direction to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the vertical direction.
- the electron beam 21 is irradiated not on the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung but on the metal material 50 provided above the circulation path 10.
- the electron beam 21 is irradiated onto the metal material 50 from above. Since the metal material 50 is made of a platinum group pure metal or a platinum group alloy, the bremsstrahlung radiation 22 generated by the electron beam 21 can be generated.
- the trajectory of the electron beam 21 from the electron beam irradiation device may be deflected so that the electron beam 21 is incident on the metal material 50 from above.
- bremsstrahlung is strongly emitted in the same direction as the direction in which the electron beam travels. Therefore, the bremsstrahlung 22 is also directed toward the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from above the circulation path 10 .
- the electron beam 21 It is preferable to irradiate the electron beam 21 with an energy that loses all energy inside the metal material 50 or behind the metal material 50 . Moreover, it is preferable that the electron beam 21 be irradiated with energy that does not pass through the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 . By irradiating with such energy, the electron beam 21 can be made incident in the circulation path 10 and the concentration of the heat load can be alleviated.
- the metal material 50 if it also has the function of generating bremsstrahlung, it is possible to use a structural material having fine grooves, fine holes, etc. formed of a platinum group member on its surface.
- a structural material may be made of a platinum group only partially, including the surface of fine grooves, fine holes, etc., or may be made entirely of a platinum group. thickness.
- a thin wire, a mesh, a member plated with a platinum group member, or a member in which particles of the platinum group member are supported on a carrier may be used in combination.
- radionuclides are efficiently produced with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device. can do.
- the metal material 50 since the metal material 50 generates the bremsstrahlung 22 , there is no need to provide a target for generating bremsstrahlung radiation separately from the metal material 50 . Therefore, the device can be made smaller and lighter than when a target is provided.
- the electron beam 21 is irradiated to the metal material 50, the metal material 50 is beam-heated. When the metal material 50 is heated to an appropriate temperature by irradiating it with the electron beam 21, the catalytic activity of the recombination reaction is enhanced, so that the removal rate of oxygen gas and hydrogen gas can be improved.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 may be directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from below the circulation path 10 . FIG. 6 shows a radionuclide production system 500 having such a configuration.
- the radionuclide production system 500 includes a circulation path 10, a target for generating bremsstrahlung (radiation generator) 20, a separator (separator) 30, and a metal material 50. , is equipped with It also has a heater 41 and a cooler 42 .
- the main configuration of the radionuclide production system 500 is substantially the same as that of the radionuclide production system 100 described above, except for the arrangement of the target 20 and the like, and the provision of a heater 41 and a cooler 42 instead of the pump 40 .
- the metal material 50 is provided integrally with the structural material that forms the circulation path 10 .
- the metal member 50 is arranged on the ceiling portion of the section on the upper side of the circulation path 10 so as to be exposed to the inside of the circulation path 10 .
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a direction to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the vertical direction.
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided close to the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and is provided separately from the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and the metal material 50 .
- the target 20 is arranged below the section on the lower side of the circulation path 10 .
- the target 20 is preferably arranged below a section of the circulation path 10 extending in the vertical direction.
- the electron beam 21 is directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from below the circulation path 10 .
- a portion of the electron beam 21 irradiated from above to the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is directed to the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the lower section of the circulation path 10 behind the target 20 . is also irradiated.
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the lower section of the circulation path 10 is heated.
- the liquid 11 expands in volume and becomes less dense, creating an upward flow in the circulation path 10 . Therefore, even if the installation of the pump 40 is omitted, the cyclical flow of the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 can be energized.
- the trajectory from the electron beam irradiation device may be deflected so that the electron beam 21 is incident on the target 20 from below.
- the bremsstrahlung is strongly emitted in the same direction as the direction in which the electron beam travels. Therefore, the bremsstrahlung 22 is also directed toward the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from below the circulation path 10 .
- the electron beam 21 It is preferable to irradiate the electron beam 21 with an energy that loses all energy in the circulation path 10 behind the target 20 . Moreover, it is preferable that the electron beam 21 be irradiated with energy that does not pass through the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 . By irradiating with such energy, the electron beam 21 can enter the circulation path 10 and heat the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 while alleviating the concentration of the heat load.
- the heater 41 is a device for heating the liquid 11 in the circulation path 50 .
- the heater 41 can be provided on the circulation path 10 or around the structural material forming the circulation path 10 .
- the heater 41 is preferably arranged below the section of the circulation path 10 extending in the vertical direction.
- an appropriate method such as a jacket type, cord winding type, sheath-embedded type electric heater, or a jacket type, tube type heat exchanger, or the like can be used.
- the heater 41 By providing the heater 41 , it is possible to forcibly heat the liquid 11 in the circulation path 50 and generate an upward flow in the circulation path 50 . Therefore, even if the installation of the pump 40 is omitted, the cyclical flow of the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 can be energized. In addition, when the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 is circulated by the irradiation of the electron beam 21, the installation of the heater 41 may be omitted.
- the cooler 42 is a device for cooling the liquid 11 in the circulation path 50 .
- the cooler 42 can be provided on the circuit 10 or around the structural members forming the circuit 10 .
- Cooler 42 is preferably arranged above a section extending in the vertical direction of circulation path 10 on the side opposite to the section in which heater 41 is provided.
- an appropriate system such as a jacket type or tube type heat exchanger can be used.
- the cooler 42 By providing the cooler 42 , the liquid 11 in the circulation path 50 can be forcibly cooled and a downward flow can be generated in the circulation path 50 . Therefore, even if the installation of the pump 40 is omitted, the cyclical flow of the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 can be energized. If the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 is circulated by natural heat dissipation, the installation of the cooler 42 may be omitted.
- radionuclides are efficiently produced with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device. can do.
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are oriented to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from below the circulation path 10, the electron beam 21 also reaches the liquid 11 in the lower part of the circulation path 10. Can be irradiated.
- the liquid 11 is heated by irradiating it with the electron beam 21, it can be circulated without using a pump.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention.
- a gas chamber 60 for retaining gas may be provided in the upper part of the circulation path 50 and the metal material 30 may be provided in the gas chamber 60 .
- FIG. 7 shows a radionuclide production system 600 having such a configuration.
- the radionuclide production system 600 includes a circulation path 10, a target for generating bremsstrahlung (radiation generation unit) 20, a separation device (separation unit) 30, a pump 40, A metal material 50 is provided.
- the main configuration of the radionuclide production system 600 is substantially the same as the radionuclide production system 100 described above, except for the arrangement of the gas chamber 60 and the metal material 50 .
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided close to the structural material forming the circulation path 10, and is provided separately from the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and the metal material 50.
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from the side of the circulation path 10 .
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a direction to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the vertical direction.
- a gas chamber 60 is provided above the circulation path 10 .
- the gas chamber 60 is provided above the ceiling of the section on the upper side of the circulation path 10 as a space that communicates with the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 .
- Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas generated by radiolysis of water can flow into the gas chamber 60 after separating from the liquid 11 in the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 .
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide is introduced, for example, up to the height of the ceiling of the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 .
- the gas phase portion 13 is maintained within the gas chamber 60 by such a liquid amount.
- the metal material 50 is attached to the upper part of the gas chamber 60 as a component.
- the metal material 50 as a component is arranged in the gas phase portion 13 close to the ceiling portion of the gas chamber 60 so as not to come into contact with the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide.
- the metal material 50 as a part can be attached to the upper part of the gas chamber 60 by any appropriate method such as welding, brazing, or mechanical joining using joining parts.
- a single-wire or bundle-shaped fine wire made of a platinum group metal a mesh made of fine wires made of a platinum group metal, a mesh made of fine wires, an expanded metal, or a punching metal. It is possible to use a member obtained by plating a platinum group member on a metal or ceramic carrier, or a member obtained by supporting platinum group particles on a carrier made of metal or ceramics. With these metal materials 50, a large surface area can be obtained, so that the reaction efficiency of the recombination reaction can be improved.
- the metal material 50 is attached to the upper part of the gas chamber 60 as a component, but the metal material 50 may be provided integrally with the structural material that forms the gas chamber 60.
- the metal material 50 as a part and the metal material 50 as a structural material are not limited to the upper part of the gas chamber 60, and as long as they do not come into contact with the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide, the side part of the gas chamber 60, It may be provided below the gas chamber 60 .
- radionuclides are efficiently produced with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device. can do.
- the metal material 30 is provided in the gas chamber 60 provided in the upper part of the circulation path 10, contact between the metal material 50 and the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide can be prevented. Even if the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 contains halogen, the metal material 50 is not poisoned because the halogen does not come into contact with the metal material 50 .
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a radionuclide production system according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the circulation path 10 may be configured to horizontally circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide. FIG. 8 shows a radionuclide production system 700 with such a configuration.
- the radionuclide production system 700 includes a circulation path 10, a target for generating bremsstrahlung (radiation generation section) 20, a separation device (separation section) 30, a pump 40, A metal material 50 and a gas chamber 60 are provided.
- the main configuration of radionuclide production system 700 is substantially the same as radionuclide production system 600 described above, except for the form of circulation path 10 .
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided close to the structural material forming the circulation path 10, and is provided separately from the structural material forming the circulation path 10 and the metal material 50. there is The target 20 is arranged on the side of the circulation path 10 .
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are directed to enter the liquid 11 in the circulation path 10 from the side of the circulation path 10 .
- the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 is parallel to the horizontal direction, and is oriented to circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide in the horizontal direction.
- a gas chamber 60 is provided above the horizontal circulation path 10 .
- the gas chamber 60 is provided above the ceiling of the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 as a space that communicates with the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 .
- Oxygen gas and hydrogen gas generated by radiolysis of water can flow into the gas chamber 60 after separating from the liquid 11 in the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 .
- the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide is introduced, for example, up to the height of the ceiling of the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 .
- the gas phase portion 13 is maintained within the gas chamber 60 by such a liquid amount.
- the gas chamber 60 is provided in the section between the separation device 30 and the pump 40. With such an arrangement, the exposure of the gas to the bremsstrahlung radiation 22 and the flow of the gas into the pump 40 can be reduced.
- the gas chamber 60 may be provided in a section between the irradiation area of the bremsstrahlung 22 and the separation device 30, a section between the pump 40 and the irradiation area of the bremsstrahlung 22, or the like. Further, the gas chamber 60 may be provided above a part of the section of the circulation path 10 or may be provided above the entire section of the circulation path 10 .
- the metal material 50 is attached to the upper part of the gas chamber 60 as a component.
- the metal material 50 as a component is arranged in the gas phase portion 13 of the gas chamber 60 so as not to come into contact with the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide.
- the metal material 50 as a part can be attached in the gas chamber 60 by an appropriate method such as welding, brazing, or mechanical joining using joining parts.
- a single-wire or bundle-shaped fine wire made of a platinum group metal a mesh made of fine wires made of a platinum group metal, a mesh made of fine wires, an expanded metal, or a punching metal. It is possible to use a member obtained by plating a platinum group member on a metal or ceramic carrier, or a member obtained by supporting platinum group particles on a carrier made of metal or ceramics. With these metal materials 50, a large surface area can be obtained, so that the reaction efficiency of the recombination reaction can be improved.
- the metal material 50 is attached to the upper part of the gas chamber 60 as a component, but the metal material 50 may be provided integrally with the structural material that forms the gas chamber 60.
- the metal material 50 as a part and the metal material 50 as a structural material are not limited to the upper part of the gas chamber 60, and as long as they do not come into contact with the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide, the side part of the gas chamber 60, It may be provided below the gas chamber 60 .
- radionuclides are efficiently produced with a small, lightweight, and highly safe device. can do.
- the circulation path 10 for horizontally circulating the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide is provided, the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide can be circulated with a low-output pump compared to the case of circulating in the vertical direction.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the present invention is not necessarily limited to having all the configurations included in the above embodiments. Replacing part of the configuration of one embodiment with another configuration, adding part of the configuration of one embodiment to another form, or omitting part of the configuration of one embodiment can be done.
- the metal material 50 as a structural material may be provided in the upper part of the circulation path 10, or the metal material 50 may be provided as a component. , and combinations thereof may be provided.
- the electron beam 21 and the bremsstrahlung 22 are configured to irradiate the solution containing the raw material nuclide in the circulation path 10 from above or below the circulation path 10.
- the circulation path 10 may be configured to horizontally circulate the liquid 11 containing the raw material nuclide.
- the metal member 50 may be provided on a part of the upper portion of the horizontal circulation path 10, or may be provided on the entire upper portion.
- the target 20 for generating bremsstrahlung is provided as a separate member from the structural material forming the circulation path 10, but the circulation path 10 is formed. It may be provided integrally with the structural material. If provided integrally, the circulation path 10 and the target 20 can be manufactured efficiently.
- the bremsstrahlung 22 may be incident parallel to the linearly extending section of the circulation path 10.
- the bremsstrahlung 22 is irradiated so as to pass near the central axis of the section on the upper side of the circulation path 10, near the central axis of the section on the lower side, or near the central axis of the section on the side of the circulation path 10. be able to. If the radiation is incident parallel to a straight section, the amount of reaction between the bremsstrahlung 22 and the raw material nuclide increases, so the target radionuclide can be produced efficiently.
- the circulation path 10 is provided in a substantially rectangular closed ring shape, but the channel shape and path shape of the circulation path 10 are not particularly limited.
- the circulation path 10 may have a chamber-shaped section with an increased flow path width, a channel-shaped section embedded in a structural material, or the like.
- the circulation path 10 may be provided in a two-dimensional closed ring such as a circular shape, a combination of a circular portion and a rectangular portion, a meandering shape, or a three-dimensional closed ring.
- the circulation path 10 may be provided with a detour for the closed ring portion.
- a detour that bypasses the separation device can be connected to the closed ring portion of the circulation path 10 to switch whether or not to extract the target radionuclide in the flow path.
- SYMBOLS 100... Radionuclide production system, 10... Circulation path, 11... Liquid containing raw material nuclide and produced nuclide in circulation path, 12... Flow direction of liquid, 13... Gas phase part containing generated gas, 20... For generating bremsstrahlung target (radiation generating unit), 21 electron beam, 22 bremsstrahlung, 30 separation device (separation unit), 40 pump, 41 heater, 42 cooler, 50 metal material, 60 gas chamber
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、放射性核種製造システム100は、循環路10と、制動放射線発生用のターゲット(放射線発生部)20と、分離装置(分離部)30と、ポンプ40と、金属材50と、を備えている。
図2に示すように、Ra-226(γ,n)Ra-225反応は、原料核種の核変換に必要なエネルギの閾値が、6.4MeVである。この核反応の反応断面積には、15~20MeV付近に、巨大共鳴による極大がある。
図3に示すように、金属材50は、循環路10を形成する配管状の構造材の内側に部品として取り付けられてもよい。図3には、このような金属材50を備える放射性核種製造システム200を示す。
図4に示すように、電子線21および制動放射線22は、循環路10内の液体11に対して循環路10の上方から入射する向きとされてもよい。図4には、このような構成を備える放射性核種製造システム300を示す。
図5に示すように、金属材50は、制動放射線発生用のターゲット(放射線発生部)として機能してもよい。すなわち、金属材50は、再結合反応を触媒するだけでなく、電子線21を照射されて制動放射線22を発生させる機能を有してもよい。図5には、このような構成を備える放射性核種製造システム400を示す。
図6に示すように、電子線21および制動放射線22は、循環路10内の液体11に対して循環路10の下方から入射する向きとされてもよい。図6には、このような構成を備える放射性核種製造システム500を示す。
図7に示すように、循環路50内の上部に気体を滞留させる気体室60を設けて、気体室60内に金属材30を設けてもよい。図7には、このような構成を備える放射性核種製造システム600を示す。
図8に示すように、循環路10は、原料核種を含む液体11を水平方向に循環させる構成とされてもよい。図8には、このような構成を備える放射性核種製造システム700を示す。
Claims (15)
- 原料核種を含む液体に制動放射線を照射して放射性核種を製造する放射性核種製造システムであって、
原料核種を含む液体を循環させる循環路と、
制動放射線を発生させて前記液体に照射する放射線発生部と、を備え、
前記循環路内の上部に、白金族の純金属または白金族の合金を含む金属材を有する放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記原料核種が、ラジウム226(Ra-226)である放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記液体が、ハロゲン分子、ハロゲン化合物およびハロゲンイオンを含まない液体である放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記金属材が、細線、メッシュ、または、表面に細溝もしくは細穴が設けられた前記循環路を形成する構造材である放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記放射線発生部は、電子線を照射されて前記制動放射線を発生させる制動放射線発生用のターゲットであり、
前記電子線および前記制動放射線が、前記液体に対して前記循環路の側方から入射する放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記放射線発生部は、電子線を照射されて前記制動放射線を発生させる制動放射線発生用のターゲットであり、
前記電子線および前記制動放射線が、前記液体に対して前記循環路の上方または下方から入射する放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記放射線発生部が、前記循環路を形成する構造材に近接して設けられるか、または、前記循環路を形成する構造材と一体的に設けられる放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記循環路内の上部の前記金属材が、前記放射線発生部として機能して、前記制動放射線を発生させる放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記液体を循環させるポンプを循環路上に備えた放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記制動放射線の照射によって生成した放射性核種を前記原料核種から分離する分離部を循環路上に備えた放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記液体を鉛直方向に循環させる前記循環路を備えた放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記液体を水平方向に循環させる前記循環路を備えた放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記循環路内の上部に、気体を滞留させる気体室を有し、
前記気体室内に、前記金属材を有する放射性核種製造システム。 - 請求項1に記載の放射性核種製造システムであって、
前記循環路内の前記液体を加熱する加熱器と、
前記循環路内の前記液体を冷却する冷却器と、を備え、
前記加熱器は、前記循環路の下部に配置され、
前記冷却器は、前記循環路の上部に配置された放射性核種製造システム。 - 原料核種を含む液体に制動放射線を照射して放射性核種を製造する放射性核種製造方法であって、
原料核種を含む液体を循環路内で循環させながら、前記液体に制動放射線を照射して前記原料核種を放射性核種に変換し、
前記液体の放射線分解によって生成した酸素と水素を、前記循環路内の上部の白金族の純金属または白金族の合金で形成された金属材で再結合反応させて除去する放射性核種製造方法。
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