WO2022227433A1 - 一种音圈及扬声器 - Google Patents

一种音圈及扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022227433A1
WO2022227433A1 PCT/CN2021/125537 CN2021125537W WO2022227433A1 WO 2022227433 A1 WO2022227433 A1 WO 2022227433A1 CN 2021125537 W CN2021125537 W CN 2021125537W WO 2022227433 A1 WO2022227433 A1 WO 2022227433A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voice coil
magnet
wire
loudspeaker
layers
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PCT/CN2021/125537
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许珂
陈正华
Original Assignee
高创(苏州)电子有限公司
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022227433A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227433A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of voice coils, and in particular, to a voice coil and a speaker.
  • a loudspeaker is a transducer device that converts electrical signals into acoustic signals.
  • the electrified voice coil vibrates under force in a magnetic field.
  • the vibration of the voice coil drives the vibration of the diaphragm, thereby resonating with the surrounding air to produce sound.
  • a voice coil provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure includes one or at least two conductor layers arranged in layers, at least one of each of the conductor layers has a conductor coil wound from the inside to the outside, and the conductor coil has A hollow area; the number of turns of the conductor coils in the uppermost layer is greater than the number of layers of the conductor layers.
  • the number of layers of the at least two conductor layers is 2 to 5 layers, and the number of turns of the conductor coil on the uppermost layer is greater than 10 turns.
  • each of the wire layers includes a plurality of conductive coils that are attached to each other, and the conductive coils of adjacent wire layers are attached to each other.
  • the number of turns of the conducting coils of all the wire layers is the same.
  • the wires of the conducting coils of all the wire layers are connected end-to-end.
  • the conducting coil includes a wire and an insulating layer wrapped around the outer periphery of the wire, and the wire is made of copper or copper-clad aluminum.
  • the diameter of the wire is 0.03mm-0.14mm
  • the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.005mm-0.03mm.
  • the shape of the voice coil on a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the voice coil is a rectangle with rounded corners.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a loudspeaker, including a support system, a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system accommodated in the support system, the vibration system including a voice coil, and the voice coil is an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • a loudspeaker including a support system, a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system accommodated in the support system, the vibration system including a voice coil, and the voice coil is an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • the voice coil described in any one of the above is provided.
  • the magnetic circuit system is located between the vibration system and the support system, and the voice coil is disposed in contact with the magnetic circuit system;
  • the vibrating system further includes a vibrating membrane on the side of the voice coil away from the magnetic circuit system, the vibrating membrane has a flat portion and a curved portion arranged around the periphery of the flat portion, the voice coil and the flat portion The parts roughly overlap.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes: an iron sheet located at the bottom of the support system, and a first independent arrangement in sequence between the iron sheet and the voice coil. a magnet, a second magnet and a third magnet;
  • the voice coil has a first voice coil part and a second voice coil part oppositely arranged with respect to the hollow area of the voice coil, and the first voice coil part covers the space between the first magnet and the second magnet. a gap, and the second voice coil part covers the gap between the second magnet and the third magnet.
  • the upper part of the first magnet and the upper part of the second magnet overlap the first voice coil part
  • the upper part of the second magnet and the upper part of the second magnet overlap the first voice coil part
  • the upper part of the third magnet overlaps the second voice coil part
  • the width of the overlapping area of the first magnet and the first voice coil part is the same as the width of the overlapping area of the second magnet and the first voice coil part
  • the widths of the second magnet and the second voice coil portion are approximately the same, and the width of the overlapping area of the second magnet and the second voice coil portion is approximately the same as the width of the overlapping area of the third magnet and the second voice coil portion.
  • the width of the hollow region of the voice coil is smaller than that of the first magnet.
  • the width of the second magnet, the hollow area of the voice coil and the central area of the second magnet approximately overlap.
  • the size and shape of the first magnet and the third magnet are the same.
  • the polarities of the first magnet and the third magnet are the same, and the polarities of the second magnet and the first magnet are opposite.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a loudspeaker provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram corresponding to the voice coil, the diaphragm and the dome in the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation corresponding to the voice coil in the loudspeaker shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a top-view structural schematic diagram corresponding to the voice coil and the diaphragm in the loudspeaker shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a voice coil provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a voice coil and a diaphragm provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a top-view structural schematic diagram of a voice coil and a diaphragm in a speaker according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of the sensitivity test of the loudspeaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure and the loudspeaker in the prior art;
  • FIG. 9 is another sensitivity test comparison diagram of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure and the speaker in the prior art.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the speaker corresponding to FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a voice coil and a magnetic circuit system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a loudspeaker in the prior art.
  • the loudspeaker also called a horn
  • the support system is used to connect the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system
  • the vibration system consists of a voice coil 1 and a diaphragm 2.
  • Figure 2 which is a schematic diagram of the voice coil 1 and the diaphragm 2 in Figure 2
  • the sound of the speaker is driven by the force generated by the electrified voice coil 1 in the magnetic field (shown by the black upward arrow in Figure 2) to push the diaphragm 2 to vibrate.
  • the membrane 2 pushes the air to vibrate to produce sound.
  • the method is to add a tweeter at the same time to make up for the high frequency response.
  • the sensitivity of the current narrow and long loudspeaker is limited by the diaphragm area, and the sensitivity of the loudspeaker can no longer meet the requirements of users. It is necessary to increase the number of tweeters or use a multi-magnetic circuit structure and reduce the magnetic gap to improve the sensitivity, which will lead to increased cost and increased process difficulty.
  • FIG. 3 which is a schematic structural diagram of the voice coil 1 in FIG. 1
  • the voice coil 1 is made of a single enameled wire, with a hollow area 3 in the middle, and the wire of the voice coil 1 in the thickness direction
  • the number of layers is greater than the number of turns of the conductor coils of the uppermost wire layer, that is, the thickness of the voice coil 1 in the prior art is large and the circumference of the hollow area 3 is narrow.
  • the voice coil 1 is placed in the gap of the magnet 4 of the magnetic circuit system 200 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the voice coil 1 in FIG. 1
  • the voice coil 1 is made of a single enameled wire, with a hollow area 3 in the middle, and the wire of the voice coil 1 in the thickness direction
  • the number of layers is greater than the number of turns of the conductor coils of the uppermost wire layer, that is, the thickness of the voice coil 1 in the prior art is large and the circumference of the hollow area 3 is narrow.
  • the voice coil 1
  • the bottleneck can only be increased by a certain thickness to enhance the rigidity.
  • the increase in thickness will inevitably cause additional mass increase and affect the overall sensitivity. If you want to improve the sensitivity, as shown in Figure 1, it can only be improved by increasing the number of magnets 4, the performance level of the magnets 4 or reducing the size of the magnetic gap.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a voice coil 10, as shown in FIG. At least two wire layers provided), at least one of each wire layer has a conductor coil wound from the inside to the outside (the dotted arrow A points to), that is, the arrangement or winding direction of the coils is from the inside to the outside, and the conductor coil has Hollow area 20; the number of turns of the conductor coils in the uppermost conductor layer 80 is greater than the number of conductor layers (the number of conductor layers in the thickness direction X of the voice coil 10).
  • the voice coil is wound by an enameled wire (the wire is wrapped with an insulating layer), and the hollow area refers to the area where the enameled wire is not wound.
  • the number of turns of the conductive coil in the uppermost wire layer is greater than the number of layers of the wire layer, that is, the shape of the voice coil 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is flat, so that in the plane direction
  • the area in contact with the diaphragm in the speaker is larger, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the voice coil 10 and the diaphragm 30 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the thrust force (the black upward arrow in FIG. 6 ) is evenly distributed on the diaphragm 30 and pushes the diaphragm 30 to vibrate as a whole. Therefore, when the speaker adopts the voice coil 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, there is no need to add a rigid dome to the diaphragm 30. Therefore, It can greatly reduce the ineffective mass of the vibration system and further improve the sensitivity of the speaker.
  • the number of layers of at least two conductor layers may be 2 to 5 layers, and the number of turns of the conductor coil in the uppermost conductor layer 80 is greater than 10 laps.
  • the voice coil 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a flat design, which increases the contact area between the voice coil 10 and the diaphragm 30 , so that the thrust of the voice coil 10 (the black upward arrow in FIG. 6 ) can be evenly distributed on the diaphragm 30 to push The diaphragm 30 vibrates as a whole to improve the sensitivity of the speaker.
  • the voice coil 10 is made of an enameled wire (the wire is wrapped with an insulating layer), and each wire layer includes a plurality of Conductive coils attached to each other, and the conductive coils of adjacent conductor layers are attached to each other.
  • the number of turns of the conducting coils of all conductor layers is the same.
  • the three conductor layers have the same number of conductor coils, for example, all include 12 coils or 15 coils, and so on.
  • the wires of the conducting coils of all the conducting layers are connected end to end, that is, the conducting coils of all the conducting layers are wound by one wire.
  • the lead coil includes a wire and an insulating layer wrapped around the outer periphery of the wire, and the wire material includes but is not limited to copper or copper-clad aluminum.
  • the diameter of the wire is 0.03mm-0.14mm, and the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.005mm-0.03mm.
  • the voice coil can be made of copper wire.
  • the diameter of the wire is 0.09mm
  • the resistance of the wire can be 3.6 ⁇
  • the weight of the voice coil is about 80mg; of course, the voice coil can be made of copper-clad aluminum.
  • the diameter of the wire is 0.095mm
  • the resistance of the wire can be 3.6 ⁇
  • the weight of the voice coil is about 42mg.
  • the specific shape of the voice coil is not limited, for example, the shape of the voice coil may be the voice coil 10 shown in FIG.
  • the shape on the plane is a rectangle with rounded corners. Of course, it can also be a square with rounded corners or a racetrack shape, etc.
  • FIG. 2 is a vibration system composed of a voice coil 1, a diaphragm 2 and a dome 5 in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a vibration system composed of a voice coil 10 and a diaphragm 30 provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. 2 and the structure shown in Fig. 6 is used as the vibration system of the loudspeaker to test the sensitivity of the loudspeaker.
  • the structural difference between the present application and the prior art is that: the prior art requires a dome 5, but the present disclosure does not require a dome, the present disclosure adopts the voice coil 10 shown in FIG. 5, and the prior art adopts the voice coil shown in FIG. 3 1.
  • the area of the dome used in the prior art is about 99mm 2 .
  • the mass of the dome is about 35mg.
  • the mass of the dome is about 20mg, and other common materials such as veneer and PET or aluminum foil, which can meet a certain strength, need to be more than 20mg.
  • the sound pressure of the speaker is proportional to S D *F/M ms , where S D is the effective radiation area of the diaphragm, F is the thrust generated by the voice coil, and M ms is the vibration mass (the total mass of the voice coil and the diaphragm).
  • S D is the effective radiation area of the diaphragm
  • F is the thrust generated by the voice coil
  • M ms is the vibration mass (the total mass of the voice coil and the diaphragm).
  • the dimensions of the diaphragm in the present application and the prior art are both 25mm*9mm, and the weight of the diaphragm is about 11mg.
  • the shown structure can improve the sensitivity by 1.73 dB.
  • the wire forming the voice coil is made of 0.095mm 42mg copper-clad aluminum wire, since the copper-clad aluminum wire is lighter than the copper wire, the weight of the voice coil will be lighter, for example, compared with the use of 35mg and 20mg domes.
  • the sensitivity that the present disclosure can improve is 4.4dB and 2.78dB, respectively.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of sensitivity tests with different dome masses in the disclosed embodiment and the prior art.
  • the wire forming the voice coil is a 0.09mm (D point) 80mg copper wire
  • the curve X1 is The sensitivity of the speaker corresponding to the structure shown in FIG. 6 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • the curve Y1 is the sensitivity of the speaker corresponding to the structure shown in FIG. 1 in the prior art (the mass of the dome 5 is 20 mg)
  • the curve Z1 is the existing In the technology, the sensitivity of the speaker corresponding to the structure shown in FIG.
  • the mass of the dome 5 is 35 mg
  • the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure does not need to be provided with a dome, the quality is lighter, and the sensitivity is the largest;
  • the sensitivity of the dome 5 with a mass of 20 mg is lower than that of the present disclosure.
  • the sensitivity of the dome 5 with a mass of 35 mg is smaller than that of the dome 5 with a mass of 20 mg.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison between the sensitivity test of the embodiment of the disclosure and the prior art with different dome masses.
  • the wire forming the voice coil is a 0.095mm (E point) 42mg copper-clad aluminum wire, wherein the curve X2 is the sensitivity of the loudspeaker corresponding to the structure shown in FIG. 6 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the curve Y2 is the sensitivity of the loudspeaker corresponding to the structure shown in FIG. 1 in the prior art (the mass of the dome 5 is 20 mg), and the curve Z2 is In the prior art, the sensitivity of the loudspeaker corresponding to the structure shown in FIG.
  • the voice coil formed by the copper-clad aluminum wire still follows the sensitivity rule in FIG.
  • the voice coil corresponding to the test result in Figure 9 is made of copper-clad aluminum material
  • the copper-clad aluminum material is lighter than the copper material, so the weight of the speaker corresponding to Figure 9 is lighter than that of Figure 8.
  • the sensitivity of each curve in Figure 8 increases correspondingly. Therefore, the use of copper-clad aluminum to make the voice coil can further improve the sensitivity of the speaker compared to the use of copper to make the voice coil.
  • the abscissa is the diameter of the wire used to make the voice coil. It can be seen that the sensitivity of the speaker varies with the wire from thin to thick (the area of the diaphragm and the performance of the magnetic circuit are fixed) 8 and 9, it can be seen that the voice coil provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a smaller wire diameter than the voice coil in the prior art, which can greatly improve the sensitivity and is more effective than increasing the number of magnets. Works well.
  • the voice coil made of copper-clad aluminum wire is lighter and has better sensitivity than the voice coil made of copper-clad wire.
  • the diameter of the copper wire in Figure 8 is selected as 0.075mm (point F)
  • the diameter of the copper-clad aluminum wire in Figure 9 is selected as 0.08mm ( Point G)
  • the sensitivity of the speaker corresponding to the voice coil made of the copper wire with a diameter of 0.075mm (point F) is greater than that of the wire made of copper in Figure 8 with a diameter of 0.09mm (point D)
  • the sensitivity of the speaker corresponding to the prepared voice coil, the sensitivity of the speaker corresponding to the voice coil made of the copper-clad aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.08mm (G point) in Figure 9 is greater than that of the copper-clad aluminum wire in Figure 9
  • the voice coil structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to a voice coil with thinner wires, so that the space for improving the sensitivity of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is larger than the space for improving the sensitivity of the conventional loudspeaker.
  • the contact area of the voice coil and the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is relatively large, the dome is not required to increase the rigidity of the diaphragm, and the mass of the vibration system is lighter. Therefore, the voice coil provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is used in a loudspeaker
  • the sensitivity of the speaker can be increased.
  • the sensitivity of the loudspeaker obtained by using the copper-clad aluminum material to make the voice coil is higher than that of the loudspeaker obtained by using the copper-clad aluminum material to make the voice coil.
  • choosing a thinner wire can greatly improve the sensitivity of the speaker without increasing the number of magnets or changing the magnetic gap.
  • the voice coil structure needs to be changed, and the magnetic circuit system matching the voice coil structure can be designed to improve the sensitivity of the speaker.
  • the design of the voice coil structure is convenient for the process. Compared with the existing technology, it can reduce the difficulty of multiple tolerance control of each component and improve the Assembly efficiency.
  • FIG. 10 is an overall schematic diagram of the loudspeaker
  • FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the loudspeaker.
  • the loudspeaker may include a support system (not shown). shown) and a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system accommodated in the support system, the vibration system includes a voice coil 10, and the voice coil 10 provides the voice coil shown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the above-mentioned loudspeaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the structure shown in FIG. 5 , that is, the number of turns of the conducting coils of the same wire layer on the side of the hollow area 2 of the voice coil 1 is set to be greater than the number of layers of the wire layer along the axis , that is, the shape of the voice coil 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is flat, so that the contact area between the voice coil 10 and the diaphragm 30 in the speaker is larger in the plane direction, and the thrust of the voice coil 10 is evenly distributed on the diaphragm 30 , pushes the diaphragm 30 to vibrate as a whole, so the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can greatly reduce the ineffective mass of the vibration system, and further improve the sensitivity of the speaker. Moreover, the embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve the purpose of improving the sensitivity of the speakers without increasing the number of speakers, cost and process difficulty.
  • the magnetic circuit system is located between the vibration system and the support system, and the voice coil 10 is arranged in contact with the magnetic circuit system;
  • the vibrating system further includes a vibrating membrane 30 located on the side of the voice coil 10 away from the magnetic circuit system.
  • the vibrating membrane 30 has a flat portion 301 and a curved portion 302 (the curved portion 302 is also called a diaphragm ring) arranged around the periphery of the flat portion 301.
  • the circle 10 and the flat portion 301 substantially overlap. In this way, the contact area between the voice coil 10 and the diaphragm 30 is large, the thrust of the voice coil 10 is evenly distributed on the diaphragm 30, and the entire diaphragm 30 is driven to vibrate. There is no need to set a dome above the diaphragm 30, so that the sensitivity of the speaker can be improved. .
  • the voice coil 1 shown in FIG. 1 should be placed in the magnetic gap (the gap between adjacent magnets 4), and the voice coil 1 and the magnet 4 cannot contact each other during vibration. Accuracy, fixture accuracy and assembly all have high requirements.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes: an iron piece 40 located at the bottom of the support system, and a first independent arrangement between the iron piece 40 and the voice coil 10 in sequence. magnet 50, second magnet 60 and third magnet 70;
  • the voice coil 10 has a first voice coil part 101 and a second voice coil part 102 which are arranged opposite to each other with respect to the hollow area 20 of the voice coil 10 , and the first voice coil part 101 covers the first magnet 50 and the second magnet 60 , the second voice coil portion 102 covers the gap between the second magnet 60 and the third magnet 70 . Therefore, the voice coil 10 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is not disposed in the magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit system (the first magnet 50 , the second magnet 60 and the third magnet 70 ), but the voice coil 10 is placed above the magnetic circuit system, so only the One direction of the upper and lower gaps needs to be considered. Compared with the prior art, the assembly of the present disclosure is simple, the precision of the fixture is not high, and the overall structure of the magnetic circuit system is simpler than that in the prior art.
  • the application only needs to change the voice coil structure and design a magnetic circuit system that matches the voice coil structure to improve the sensitivity of the loudspeaker.
  • the design of the voice coil structure facilitates the process and can reduce multiple tolerance controls of each component compared to the prior art. Difficulty, improve assembly efficiency.
  • the first voice coil part 101 is placed above the first magnet 50 and the top of the second magnet 60
  • the second magnet The second voice coil part 102 is placed above the upper part of the 60 and the upper part of the third magnet 60 .
  • the voice coil 10 can be evenly distributed in the magnetic field and generate a uniform upward thrust.
  • the width of the overlapping area of the first magnet 50 and the first voice coil part 101 is the same as the width of the second magnet 60 and the first voice coil part
  • the width of the overlapping region 101 is substantially the same, and the width of the overlapping region of the second magnet 60 and the second voice coil portion 102 is substantially the same as the width of the overlapping region of the third magnet 70 and the second voice coil portion 102 .
  • the voice coil 10 can be more evenly distributed in the magnetic field, which further generates a uniform upward thrust.
  • the voice coil As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , along the arrangement direction of the first magnet 50 , the second magnet 60 and the third magnet 70 , the voice coil The width d1 of the hollow area 20 of the voice coil 10 is smaller than the width d2 of the second magnet 60 , and the hollow area 20 of the voice coil 10 approximately overlaps with the central area of the second magnet 60 .
  • the first magnet 50 and the third magnet 70 have the same size and shape.
  • the magnetic circuit system can generate a uniform and symmetrical magnetic field, and the charged voice coil 10 works in a uniform magnetic field to generate a uniform upward thrust, which is beneficial to improve the sensitivity of the speaker.
  • the polarities of the first magnet 50 and the third magnet 70 are the same, and the polarities of the second magnet 60 and the first magnet 50 are opposite.
  • the first magnet 50 and the third magnet 70 are both S poles on the side close to the voice coil 10 and N poles on the side away from the voice coil 10;
  • the side of the circle 10 is the S pole.
  • the first magnet 50 and the third magnet 70 are both N poles on the side close to the voice coil 10 and S poles on the side away from the voice coil 10;
  • the second magnet 60 is the S pole on the side close to the voice coil 10,
  • the side away from the voice coil 10 is the N pole.
  • the electrified voice coil 10 can work in the magnetic field generated by the first magnet 50, the second magnet 60 and the third magnet 70 to generate upward thrust to push the diaphragm 30 to vibrate, and the diaphragm 30 pushes the air to vibrate to generate sound.
  • the voice coil provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is not arranged in the magnetic gap, the magnetic field performance of the voice coil region does not affect the sensitivity of the loudspeaker too much.
  • the saving of the dome setting in the embodiment of the present disclosure can greatly improve the Sensitivity of the speaker.
  • the above-mentioned speaker provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a tweeter.
  • the number of turns of the conductive coil in the uppermost wire layer is greater than the number of layers of the wire layer, that is, the shape of the voice coil provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is flat, so that in the plane direction The area in contact with the diaphragm in the speaker is larger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

本公开实施例公开了一种音圈及扬声器，通过将最上层导线层中导线圈的圈数大于导线层的层数，即本公开实施例提供的音圈的形状是扁平的，这样在平面方向上与扬声器中的振膜接触的面积更大，通过设置导线层层数和最上层导线层的导线圈数，几乎可以实现音圈整个面与振膜相接触，音圈的推力均匀分布在振膜上，推动振膜整体振动，所以扬声器采用本公开实施例提供的音圈时，无需在振膜上增加刚性球顶，因此可以极大的减轻振动系统的无效质量，进一步提升扬声器的灵敏度。

Description

一种音圈及扬声器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年4月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110473499.8、申请名称为“一种音圈及扬声器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及音圈技术领域，特别涉及一种音圈及扬声器。
背景技术
扬声器是一种把电信号转变为声信号的换能器件，通电的音圈在磁场中受力产生振动，音圈的振动带动了振膜的振动，从而与周围的空气产生共振而发出声音。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供的一种音圈，包括一个或层叠设置的至少两个导线层，每个所述导线层中的至少一个具有由内向外方式缠绕而成的导线圈，所述导线圈具有中空区；最上层的所述导线圈的圈数大于所述导线层的层数。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所述至少两个导线层的层数为2～5层，最上层的所述导线圈的圈数大于10圈。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，每个所述导线层包括多个相互贴合的导线圈，且相邻所述导线层的导线圈之间相互贴合。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所有所述导线层的导线圈的圈数相同。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所有所述导线层的导线圈 的导线首尾相连。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所述导线圈包括导线以及包裹在所述导线外周的绝缘层，所述导线的材料为铜或铜包铝。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所述导线的直径为0.03mm-0.14mm，所述绝缘层的厚度为0.005mm-0.03mm。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所述音圈在与所述音圈厚度方向垂直的平面上的形状为带圆角的矩形。
相应地，本公开实施例还提供了一种扬声器，包括支撑系统以及收容于所述支撑系统内的磁路系统和振动系统，所述振动系统包括音圈，所述音圈为本公开实施例提供的上述任一项所述的音圈。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，所述磁路系统位于所述振动系统和所述支撑系统之间，所述音圈与所述磁路系统接触设置；
所述振动系统还包括位于所述音圈远离所述磁路系统一侧的振膜，所述振膜具有平面部以及围绕所述平面部周边设置的弯曲部，所述音圈和所述平面部大致重叠。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，所述磁路系统包括：位于所述支撑系统底部的铁片，以及位于所述铁片和所述音圈之间依次独立排列的第一磁铁、第二磁铁和第三磁铁；
所述音圈具有关于所述音圈的中空区相对设置的第一音圈部和第二音圈部，所述第一音圈部覆盖所述第一磁铁和所述第二磁铁之间的间隙，所述第二音圈部覆盖所述第二磁铁和所述第三磁铁之间的间隙。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，所述第一磁铁的上方和所述第二磁铁的上方均搭接所述第一音圈部，所述第二磁铁的上方和所述第三磁铁的上方均搭接所述第二音圈部。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，所述第一磁铁和所述第一音圈部交叠区域的宽度与所述第二磁铁和所述第一音圈部交叠区域的宽度大致相同，所述第二磁铁和所述第二音圈部交叠区域的宽度与所述第三磁铁 和所述第二音圈部交叠区域的宽度大致相同。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，沿所述第一磁铁、所述第二磁铁和所述第三磁铁的排列方向，所述音圈的中空区的宽度小于所述第二磁铁的宽度，所述音圈的中空区与所述第二磁铁的中心区域大致重叠。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，所述第一磁铁和所述第三磁铁的尺寸和形状均相同。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，所述第一磁铁和所述第三磁铁的极性相同，所述第二磁铁和所述第一磁铁的极性相反。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中提供的一种扬声器的结构示意图；
图2为对应图1所示的扬声器中音圈、振膜和球顶的结构示意图；
图3为对应图1所示的扬声器中音圈的结构示意图；
图4为对应图1所示的扬声器中音圈和振膜的俯视结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的音圈的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的音圈和振膜的结构示意图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的扬声器中音圈和振膜的俯视结构示意图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的扬声器、现有技术中的扬声器的灵敏度测试对比图；
图9为本公开实施例提供的扬声器、现有技术中的扬声器的另一灵敏度测试对比图；
图10为本公开实施例提供的扬声器的结构示意图；
图11为图10对应的扬声器的截面示意图；
图12为本公开实施例提供的音圈和磁路系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公 开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。并且在不冲突的情况下，本公开中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
需要注意的是，附图中各图形的尺寸和形状不反映真实比例，目的只是示意说明本公开内容。并且自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。
如图1所示，图1为现有技术中扬声器的结构示意图，扬声器(亦称喇叭)由支撑系统(未示出，支撑系统用于连接振动系统和磁路系统)、磁路系统100及振动系统组成，振动系统包括音圈1和振膜2。如图2所示，图2音圈1和振膜2的示意图，扬声器发声是靠通电音圈1在磁场中产生的力(图2中黑色向上箭头所示)来推动振膜2振动，振膜2推动空气振动产生声音。
随着用户对音质的要求越来越高，常规音箱不能有效满足用户需求，尤其针对部分小家电产品，产品外形趋向轻薄化，单一的全频扬声器不能很好的兼顾到高频区域，比较普遍的做法是同时再加一颗高音单元来弥补高频频响。同时由于小家电产品结构尺寸较小的缘故，目前的窄长形的扬声器的灵敏度因振膜面积的限制，扬声器的灵敏度已经不能满足用户的要求，在以上基础上更进一步提升高频灵敏度的话，需要增加高音单元的数量或者使用多 磁路结构并减小磁间隙来提升灵敏度，这会导致成本升高以及增加工艺难度。
具体地，如图3所示，图3为图1中音圈1的结构示意图，音圈1是由单根漆包线绕制而成，中间为中空区3，音圈1在厚度方向上的导线层的层数大于最上层导线层的导线圈的圈数，即现有技术中的音圈1厚度大、中空区3的四周较窄。如图1所示，音圈1放置在磁路系统200的磁铁4间隙内。如图4所示，图4为音圈1和振膜2的俯视示意图，可以看出，现有技术中的音圈1与振膜2的接触面比较小，如果振膜2中间刚性不足的话会造成振膜2不是整体的推动空气振动，造成灵敏度的衰减。因此为了确保高频的响应，如图1和图2所示，采用振膜2上增加球顶5来增强工作时推动空气振动的球顶刚性，目前材料技术质量轻刚性好的材质到了一定的瓶颈，只能增加一定的厚度来增强刚性，厚度增加必然引起额外的质量增加影响到整体灵敏度。再想提高灵敏度，如图1所示，只能增加磁铁4数量、磁铁4性能等级或者减小磁隙的大小来改善，这几种方式都增加人工及材料成本、工艺难度及不良率。
为了解上述问题，本公开实施例提供了一种音圈10，如图5所示，包括一个或层叠设置的至少两个导线层(即在音圈1的厚度方向X上，包括一个或层叠设置的至少两个导线层)，每个导线层中的至少一个具有由内向外(虚线箭头A指向)方式缠绕而成的导线圈，即线圈的排列或者缠绕方向为由内向外，导线圈具有中空区20；最上层导线层80中导线圈的圈数大于导线层的层数(音圈10的厚度方向X上的导线层的层数)。
需要说明的是，音圈是由一根漆包线(导线外裹绝缘层)绕制而成的，中空区是指没有绕制漆包线的区域。
本公开实施例提供的上述音圈，通过将最上层导线层中导线圈的圈数大于导线层的层数，即本公开实施例提供的音圈10的形状是扁平的，这样在平面方向上与扬声器中的振膜接触的面积更大，如图6和图7所示，图6为本公开实施例提供的音圈10与振膜30的结构示意图，图7为本公开实施例提供的音圈10与振膜30的俯视示意图，可以看出，通过设置导线层层数和最上层导线层的导线圈数，几乎可以实现音圈10整个面与振膜30相接触，音圈10的推力(图 6中黑色向上箭头)均匀分布在振膜30上，推动振膜30整体振动，所以扬声器采用本公开实施例提供的音圈10时，无需在振膜30上增加刚性球顶，因此可以极大的减轻振动系统的无效质量，进一步提升扬声器的灵敏度。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，如图5所示，至少两个导线层的层数可以为2～5层，最上层导线层80中导线圈的圈数大于10圈。这样本公开实施例提供的音圈10采用扁平化设计，提高音圈10与振膜30的接触面积，可以使音圈10的推力(图6中黑色向上箭头)均匀分布在振膜30上推动振膜30整体振动，以提升扬声器的灵敏度。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，如图5所示，音圈10是由一根漆包线(导线外裹绝缘层)绕制而成，每个导线层包括多个相互贴合的导线圈，且相邻导线层的导线圈之间相互贴合。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所有导线层的导线圈的圈数相同。例如沿音圈厚度方向上共三层导线层，则这三层导线层具有的导线圈的圈数相同，例如均包括12圈导线圈或均包括15圈导线圈，等等。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，所有导线层的导线圈的导线首尾相连，即所有导线层的导线圈为一根导线绕制而成。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，导线圈包括导线以及包裹在导线外周的绝缘层，导线的材料包括但不限于铜或铜包铝。优选地，导线的直径为0.03mm-0.14mm，绝缘层的厚度为0.005mm-0.03mm。
在具体实施时，音圈可以采用材质为铜的导线制作，例如导线直径为0.09mm，导线的电阻可以为3.6Ω，音圈的重量约为80mg；当然，音圈可以采用材质为铜包铝的导线制作，例如导线直径为0.095mm，导线的电阻可以为3.6Ω，音圈的重量约为42mg。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述音圈中，音圈的具体形状不限，例如音圈的形状可以是图5所示的音圈10在与音圈10厚度方向X垂直的平面上的形状为带圆角的矩形。当然还可以为带圆角的正方形或跑道形等等。
图2为现有技术中由音圈1、振膜2和球顶5组成的振动系统，图6为本公开 实施例提供的由音圈10和振膜30组成的振动系统，下面对图2和图6所示的结构作为扬声器的振动系统对扬声器进行灵敏度测试。本申请与现有技术的结构区别在于：现有技术需要设置球顶5，本公开无需设置球顶，本公开采用图5所示的音圈10，现有技术采用图3所示的音圈1。另外，现有技术中采用的球顶面积约为99mm 2，如果球顶采用0.2mm厚碳纤维材料，则球顶质量约为35mg，如果球顶采用常见的0.3mm厚发泡纸加贴铝箔，则球顶质量约为20mg，其它常见的如木皮加贴PET或铝箔等材质，能满足一定强度的质量都需20mg以上。
扬声器的声压与S D*F/M ms成正比，其中，S D为振膜有效辐射面积，F为音圈产生的推力，M ms为振动质量(音圈和振膜总质量)。本申请与现有技术中振膜外形尺寸均为25mm*9mm，振膜重量均约为11mg。以本公开和现有技术中形成音圈的导线的材料为铜，导线的直径为0.09mm为例，假设本公开和现有技术中音圈的质量均为80mg，其它条件一致情况下，当现有技术采用球顶质量为35mg，则本公开相对现有技术可以提升的灵敏度为20*log((80+11+35)/(80+11))＝2.75dB，即本公开图6所示的结构相比于现有技术图2所示的结构可以提升2.75dB的灵敏度。当现有技术采用球顶质量为20mg，则本公开相对现有技术可以提升的灵敏度为20*log((80+11+20)/(80+11))＝1.73dB，即本公开图6所示的结构相比于现有技术图2所示的结构可以提升1.73dB的灵敏度。同理，如果形成音圈的导线采用0.095mm 42mg的铜包铝线，由于铜包铝线相对于铜线质量更轻，则音圈的质量更轻，例如相比采用35mg及20mg的球顶，本公开能提升的灵敏度分别为4.4dB和2.78dB。
如图8所示，图8为本公开实施例与现有技术中设置不同球顶质量的灵敏度测试对比示意图，形成音圈的导线为0.09mm(D点)80mg的铜线，其中曲线X1为本公开实施例提供的图6所示的结构对应的扬声器的灵敏度，曲线Y1为现有技术中图1所示的结构(球顶5质量为20mg)对应的扬声器的灵敏度，曲线Z1为现有技术中图1所示的结构(球顶5质量为35mg)对应的扬声器的灵敏度，可以看出，本公开实施例提供的扬声器无需设置球顶，质量较轻，灵 敏度最大；现有技术中设置质量为20mg的球顶5时灵敏度小于本公开的灵敏度，现有技术中设置质量为35mg的球顶5时灵敏度小于设置质量为20mg的球顶5时灵敏度。
如图9所示，图9为本公开实施例与现有技术中设置不同球顶质量的灵敏度测试对比示意图，形成音圈的导线为0.095mm(E点)42mg的铜包铝线，其中曲线X2为本公开实施例提供的图6所示的结构对应的扬声器的灵敏度，曲线Y2为现有技术中图1所示的结构(球顶5质量为20mg)对应的扬声器的灵敏度，曲线Z2为现有技术中图1所示的结构(球顶5质量为35mg)对应的扬声器的灵敏度，可以看出，铜包铝材质的导线形成音圈依然遵循图8中的灵敏度规则，并且相比于图8，由于图9测试结果对应的音圈采用铜包铝材质，铜包铝材质相比于铜材质更轻，因此图9相对于图8对应的扬声器的质量更轻，由于图9相对于图8每个曲线的灵敏度均对应增加，因此采用铜包铝材质制作音圈相比于采用铜材质制作音圈可以更进一步提升扬声器的灵敏度。
另外，如图8和图9所示，横坐标为制作音圈的导线直径，可以看出，扬声器的灵敏度随着导线从细到粗的情况下(振膜面积及磁路性能固定的情况)的变化趋势，从图8和图9上看可以得到本公开实施例提供的音圈选择比现有技术中音圈采用更小的导线直径，可以极大的提升灵敏度，效果比增加磁铁数量的效果好。
前文中公开了采用铜包铝材质的导线制得的音圈相比于采用铜材质的导线制得的音圈更轻，灵敏度效果更好。如图8和图9所示，把音圈质量减半时，例如图8中铜材质的导线直径选择为0.075mm(F点)，图9中铜包铝材质的导线直径选择为0.08mm(G点)，可以看出图8中采用铜材质的导线直径为0.075mm(F点)制得的音圈对应的扬声器的灵敏度大于图8中采用铜材质的导线直径为0.09mm(D点)制得的音圈对应的扬声器的灵敏度，图9中采用铜包铝材质的导线直径为0.08mm(G点)制得的音圈对应的扬声器的灵敏度大于图9中采用铜包铝材质的导线直径为0.095mm(E点)制得的音圈对应的扬声器的灵敏度，并且本案的发明人通过磁路性能分析发现，质量减半的音圈还是处于磁 场强度高的区域，平均磁感应强度反而略有提升，但现有技术的音圈处于磁场强度略低的区域。因此本公开实施例提供的音圈结构可以适用于更细导线的音圈，从而本公开实施例提供的扬声器的灵敏度提升的空间大于传统型的扬声器的灵敏度提升的空间。
综上，本公开实施例提供的音圈与振膜接触的面积较大，无需使用球顶来增加振膜刚性，振动系统的质量更轻，因此本公开实施例提供的音圈应用于扬声器中可以提升扬声器的灵敏度。并且，采用铜包铝材质制作音圈得到的扬声器的灵敏度相比于采用铜材质制作音圈得到的扬声器的灵敏度更大。并且选择较细的导线能够极大的提升扬声器的灵敏度，无需增加磁铁数量或改变磁隙，相比于现有技术中需要增加磁铁数量或改变磁隙或增加扬声器数量来提高灵敏度，本申请只需改变音圈结构，设计配合音圈结构的磁路系统，即可实现提高扬声器的灵敏度，音圈结构的设计方便工艺制程，相比于现有技术可以减少各部件多个公差控制难度，提升装配效率。
基于同一发明构思，本公开实施例还提供了一种扬声器，如图10和图11所示，图10为扬声器的整体示意图，图11为扬声器的部分截面示意图，该扬声器可以包括支撑系统(未示出)以及收容于支撑系统内的磁路系统和振动系统，振动系统包括音圈10，音圈10为本公开实施例提供的图5所示的音圈。
本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器，由于采用图5所示的结构，即通过将音圈1中空区2一侧的同一导线层的导线圈的圈数设置成大于沿轴线上导线层的层数，即本公开实施例提供的音圈10的形状是扁平的，这样在平面方向上音圈10与扬声器中的振膜30接触的面积更大，音圈10的推力均匀分布在振膜30上，推动振膜30整体振动，因此本公开实施例提供的扬声器可以极大的减轻振动系统的无效质量，进一步提升扬声器的灵敏度。并且，本公开实施例能够在不增加扬声器数量、成本及工艺难度的情况下，达到提升扬声器灵敏度的目的。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图10和图11所示，磁路系统位于振动系统和支撑系统之间，音圈10与磁路系统接触设置； 支撑系统与现有技术中的结构相同，在此不做详述；
振动系统还包括位于音圈10远离磁路系统一侧的振膜30，振膜30具有平面部301以及围绕平面部301周边设置的弯曲部302(弯曲部302也称振膜折环)，音圈10和平面部301大致重叠。这样音圈10与振膜30接触的面积较大，音圈10的推力均匀分布在振膜30上，推动振膜30整体振动，无需在振膜30上方设置球顶，从而可以提升扬声器的灵敏度。
现有技术中如图1所示的音圈1要在放置在磁隙(相邻磁铁4之间的间隙)中，振动时音圈1和磁铁4不能互相接触，因此现有技术对部件的精度、治具精度以及装配都有较高要求。在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图10和图11所示，磁路系统包括：位于支撑系统底部的铁片40，以及位于铁片40和音圈10之间依次独立排列的第一磁铁50、第二磁铁60和第三磁铁70；
如图10所示，音圈10具有关于音圈10的中空区20相对设置的第一音圈部101和第二音圈部102，第一音圈部101覆盖第一磁铁50和第二磁铁60之间的间隙，第二音圈部102覆盖第二磁铁60和第三磁铁70之间的间隙。因此本公开实施例提供的音圈10不设置在磁路系统(第一磁铁50、第二磁铁60和第三磁铁70)的磁隙中，而是音圈10搭磁路系统上方，因此只需考虑上下间隙一个方向，相比于现有技术，本公开的装配简单，对治具精度要求不高，并且磁路系统整体结构比现有技术中的磁路系统整体结构较简单。
本申请只需改变音圈结构，设计配合音圈结构的磁路系统，即可实现提高扬声器的灵敏度，音圈结构的设计方便工艺制程，相比于现有技术可以减少各部件多个公差控制难度，提升装配效率。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图10和图11所示，第一磁铁50的上方和第二磁铁60的上方均搭第一音圈部101，第二磁铁60的上方和第三磁铁60的上方均搭第二音圈部102。这样可以使音圈10均匀分布在磁场中，产生均匀的向上推力。
优选地，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图10和图11所示，第一磁铁50和第一音圈部101交叠区域的宽度与第二磁铁60和第一音圈部101交 叠区域的宽度大致相同，第二磁铁60和第二音圈部102交叠区域的宽度与第三磁铁70和第二音圈部102交叠区域的宽度大致相同。这样可以使音圈10更加均匀分布在磁场中，进一步产生均匀的向上推力。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图10和图11所示，沿第一磁铁50、所述第二磁铁60和所述第三磁铁70的排列方向，音圈10的中空区20的宽度d1小于第二磁铁60的宽度d2，音圈10的中空区20与第二磁铁60的中心区域大致重叠。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图12所示，图12仅示意音圈10和磁路系统，第一磁铁50和第三磁铁70的尺寸和形状均相同。这样磁路系统可以产生均匀对称的磁场，带电的音圈10在均匀的磁场中工作产生均匀的向上推力，有利于提高扬声器的灵敏度。
在具体实施时，在本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器中，如图12所示，第一磁铁50和第三磁铁70的极性相同，第二磁铁60和第一磁铁50的极性相反。例如，第一磁铁50和第三磁铁70均为靠近音圈10一侧为S极，远离音圈10一侧为N极；第二磁铁60为靠近音圈10一侧为N极，远离音圈10一侧为S极。当然也可以是第一磁铁50和第三磁铁70均为靠近音圈10一侧为N极，远离音圈10一侧为S极；第二磁铁60为靠近音圈10一侧为S极，远离音圈10一侧为N极。这样带电的音圈10可以在第一磁铁50、第二磁铁60和第三磁铁70产生的磁场中工作产生向上推力，来推动振膜30振动，振膜30推动空气振动产生声音。
下面对本公开实施例提供的图11所示的磁路系统与现有技术中图1所示的磁路系统对扬声器的灵敏度性能进行对比，带电音圈在磁场中产生的推力F＝BLI，其中，B为磁场强度，L为形成音圈的导线的总长度，I为音圈的电流，在其它条件相同的情况下，扬声器的灵敏度与B值成正比。由于音圈和磁路系统整体结构的不同，本公开实施例中的磁场强度B值略低(为0.44)，现有技术中的磁场强度B值略高(为0.475)，采用本公开的音圈和磁路系统整体结构相比现有技术中的结构，本公开降低的灵敏度为20*log(0.475/0.44)＝0.67dB，即比现有技术中的扬声器灵敏度降低0.67dB。因磁路类型改变灵敏度略微降 低，该降低的数值相对于本公开前文公开的本公开无需设置球顶而提升的灵敏度幅度(4.4dB和2.78dB)，本公开实施例提供的扬声器还是能大幅提升灵敏度的，特别对于音圈本身质量轻的效果更为明显。因此本公开实施例提供的扬声器虽然音圈没设置在磁隙中，但音圈区域的磁场性能并没有过多影响扬声器的灵敏度，总体来说，本公开实施例节省球顶设置可以大幅度提升扬声器的灵敏度。
在具体实施时，本公开实施例提供的上述扬声器可以为高音扬声器。
本公开实施例提供的音圈及扬声器，通过将最上层导线层中导线圈的圈数大于导线层的层数，即本公开实施例提供的音圈的形状是扁平的，这样在平面方向上与扬声器中的振膜接触的面积更大，通过设置导线层层数和最上层导线层的导线圈数，几乎可以实现音圈整个面与振膜相接触，音圈的推力均匀分布在振膜上，推动振膜整体振动，所以扬声器采用本公开实施例提供的音圈时，无需在振膜上增加刚性球顶，因此可以极大的减轻振动系统的无效质量，进一步提升扬声器的灵敏度。
尽管已描述了本公开的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本公开范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本公开实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本公开实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本公开实施例的这些修改和变型属于本公开权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本公开也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种音圈，其中，包括一个或层叠设置的至少两个导线层，每个所述导线层中的至少一个具有由内向外方式缠绕而成的导线圈，所述导线圈具有中空区；最上层导线层中导线圈的圈数大于所述导线层的层数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的音圈，其中，所述至少两个导线层的层数为2～5层，最上层导线层中导线圈的圈数大于10圈。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的音圈，其中，每个所述导线层包括多个相互贴合的导线圈，且相邻所述导线层的导线圈之间相互贴合。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的音圈，其中，所有所述导线层的导线圈的圈数相同。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的音圈，其中，所有所述导线层的导线圈的导线首尾相连。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的音圈，其中，所述导线圈包括导线以及包裹在所述导线外周的绝缘层，所述导线的材料为铜或铜包铝。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的音圈，其中，所述导线的直径为0.03mm-0.14mm，所述绝缘层的厚度为0.005mm-0.03mm。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的音圈，其中，所述音圈在与所述音圈厚度方向垂直的平面上的形状为带圆角的矩形。
  9. 一种扬声器，其中，包括支撑系统以及收容于所述支撑系统内的磁路系统和振动系统，所述振动系统包括音圈，所述音圈为权利要求1-8任一项所述的音圈。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的扬声器，其中，所述磁路系统位于所述振动系统和所述支撑系统之间，所述音圈与所述磁路系统接触设置；
    所述振动系统还包括位于所述音圈远离所述磁路系统一侧的振膜，所述振膜具有平面部以及围绕所述平面部周边设置的弯曲部，所述音圈和所述平面部大致重叠。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的扬声器，其中，所述磁路系统包括：位于所述支撑系统底部的铁片，以及位于所述铁片和所述音圈之间依次独立排列的第一磁铁、第二磁铁和第三磁铁；
    所述音圈具有关于所述音圈的中空区相对设置的第一音圈部和第二音圈部，所述第一音圈部覆盖所述第一磁铁和所述第二磁铁之间的间隙，所述第二音圈部覆盖所述第二磁铁和所述第三磁铁之间的间隙。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一磁铁的上方和所述第二磁铁的上方均搭接所述第一音圈部，所述第二磁铁的上方和所述第三磁铁的上方均搭接所述第二音圈部。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一磁铁和所述第一音圈部交叠区域的宽度与所述第二磁铁和所述第一音圈部交叠区域的宽度大致相同，所述第二磁铁和所述第二音圈部交叠区域的宽度与所述第三磁铁和所述第二音圈部交叠区域的宽度大致相同。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的扬声器，其中，沿所述第一磁铁、所述第二磁铁和所述第三磁铁的排列方向，所述音圈的中空区的宽度小于所述第二磁铁的宽度，所述音圈的中空区与所述第二磁铁的中心区域大致重叠。
  15. 如权利要求11所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一磁铁和所述第三磁铁的尺寸和形状均相同。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的扬声器，其中，所述第一磁铁和所述第三磁铁的极性相同，所述第二磁铁和所述第一磁铁的极性相反。
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